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STANDARDS
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ASJNZS 1530.3:1999
This Joint AustraliadNew Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Technical
Committee BD/18, Fire Safety. It was approved on behalf of the Council of
Standards Australia on 30 July 1999 and on behalf of the Council of Standards
New Zealand on 20 July 1999. It was published on 5 November 1999.
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AS/NZS 1530.3:1999
COPYRIGHT
Q Standards AustraliaEtandards New Zealand
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written
permission of the publisher.
Jointly published by Standards Australia International Ltd, PO Box 1055, Strathfield, NCW
2135 and Standards New Zealand, Private Bag 2439, Wellington 6020
ISBN O 7337 2896 O
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ASNZS 1530.3:1999 2
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand
Committee BD/18, Fire Safety.
The objective of this revision is to specify procedures for laboratories to adopt when
mounting specimen materials in the test apparatus. The basic method of test has not been
changed.
The mounting procedures are specific for a range of materials being tested. The adoption
of these procedures is designed to improve the consistency of the test results.
The test provides data for assessing the potential hazard of wall linings during the early
growth of fire in a compartment. It also provides a discriminating assessment of the fire
behaviour of different materials when subjected to the test method described.
Fire is a complex phenomenon and the fire hazard of a building material is a function of
the characteristics of the material, how it is installed and used, and the environment in
which it is present. No single test method can give a full assessment of fire hazard under
all conditions of fire that may apply. There must be a constant awareness of the variables
applicable when using this test method to assess the fire hazard of any particular material
or component under other fire exposure or when used in applications other than walls.
The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define the
application of the appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral
part of a Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and
guidance.
The use of Notes in this Standard are of an advisory nature only to give explanation or
guidance to the user on recommended design considerations or technical procedures, or to
provide an informative cross-reference to other documents or publications. Notes to
clauses on this Standard do not form a mandatory part for compliance with this Standard.
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3 ASINZS 1530.3:1999
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD ............................................... ... 5
Page
SECTION 5 REPORTING OF RESULTS
5.1 DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.2 RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.3 SUPPLEMENTARY OBSERVATIONS . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.4 INDICES FOR REGULATORY PURPOSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.5 APPLICATION TO FIRE HAZARD ASSESSMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.6 REFERENCE IN OTHER AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS . . . , . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.7 COMMERCIAL LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
APPENDICES
A GUIDE TO THE INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
B INTERLABORATORY TRIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
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5 ASINZS 1530.3:1999
FOREWORD
The results of this fire test may be used to directly assess fire hazard, but it should be
recognized that a single test method will not provide a full assessment of fire hazard
under all fire conditions.
These results provide information on ignitability, flame propagation, heat release and
smoke release which are related to the performance of wall linings in simulated fires in
the comer of a compartment. A consumer or regulatory authority should consider the
relevance of this information to the fire hazard represented by the intended application of
the material or component. The performance in the test applies to the thickness of the
specimen in a flat panel shape. The results may not be valid for other shapes or
assemblies unless verified by further tests.
The results may also provide a comparison of the fire behaviour of different materials and
components. The application of the information obtained from this test to the fire hazard
requires consideration of the form and fixing of the specimen as tested and the intended
building use of the material or component.
The standard regime of increasing impressed radiant heat applied to the specimens in this
test method was originally defined following studies of experimental room fires. The
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increasing intensity of radiant heat simulates that which could be experienced during the
early development of a building fire. Early work was carried out by J.E. Ferris at the
Commonwealth Experimental Building Station (now CSIRO) in Sydney in 1955.
Ignition is initiated by a pilot flame that is held near, but which does not touch the
specimen. A material that does not ignite during the standard test may ignite if contacted
with a pilot flame during the test.
The reaction of thin unsupported flexible materials to flame impingement can be assessed
by testing in accordance with AS 1530.2. Materials of thickness less than 2 mm, which
are sufficiently flexible to be bent by hand around a mandrel of 2 mm diameter or less,
are subjected to the test described herein, should also be subjected to the test in
AS 1530.2.
Since the heat source for the test method is a radiator, a reduction in the reflective
properties of certain materials by the deposition of dust and soot, by surface damage and
by the formation of surface corrosion products, may produce a significant change in the
results from those obtained when the materials were tested in a new and a clean condition.
Some materials are subjected to cleaning treatments throughout their useful life. Some
treatments could adversely affect the fire hazard indices by, for example, removal or
redeposition of fire-retarding agents. It is advisable that testing also be performed after a
number of treatments, in accordance with commercial cleaning practice.
ASINZS 1530.3:1999 6
SECTION 1 SCOPE A N D G E N E R A L
1.1 SCOPE This Standard sets out a test method for the assessment of building
materials and components according to-
(a) their tendency to ignite;
(b) their tendency to propagate flame;
(c) the heat they release once ignition has occurred; and
(d) their tendency to release smoke.
NOTE: A guide to the interpretation of the results of this test, together with a full list of
references, is given in Appendix A.
1.2 OBJECTIVES The objective this Standard is to establish a test method for
assessing the potential fire hazard of wall linings during the early growth of fire in a
compartment. The test method also provides a discriminating or ranking assessment of
potential fire hazard between a range of materials used in buildings.
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1.6 DEFINITIONS
1.6.1 Backing board-a support material onto which the specimen is mounted for the
purpose of the test (see Clause 4.3.1).
1.6.2 Sandwich panel-a building component comprising a core of expanded or
extruded polystyrene, polyurethane foam, or similar core materials, faced on both sides
with aluminium, steel, plastic or similar type material, the sheeting being bonded to or
mechanically fixed to the core.
1.6.3 Sponsor-the person or organization who authorizes the test.
1.6.4 Substrate-a material onto which a finish or a coating to be tested is applied in
practice.
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A W Z S 1530.3:1999 8
2.2 SPECIMENS
2.2.1 General All specimens shall be prepared to represent, as nearly as possible, the
material or component for the use for which it is intended.
Thin surfacings and coatings that are usually applied to substrates shall be applied to the
appropriate substrates and shall be fixed, where applicable, with the adhesive substance
used.
Where a result for a range of colours of a material or component is required, at least two
specimens of the lightest and darkest colours of the range shall be included in the first six
specimens tested. If the variability of results exceeds that specified in Clause 2.8,
additional specimens of the lightest and darkest shall be taken to determine the relevant
indices for each colour.
A laminar component shall be tested in the form in which it is to be used. If the exposed
surfaces are of different materials, it may be necessary to test both surfaces. Where both
surfaces are to be tested, a second set of specimens shall be required (see Clause 2.2.2).
2.2.2 Size and number Nine representative specimens each measuring 600 15 mm x
450 15 mm and of normal thickness shall comprise a test sample. Six of these specimens
shall be tested initially (see Clause 2.5 and Section 4).
NOTES:
1 To obtain specimens suitable for the test it may be necessary to flatten, specially fabricate,
or join pieces. Any mounting should be carried out in accordance with Section 4 (see
Paragraph A6, Appendix A).
2 It is recommended that one additional specimen be retained by the testing laboratory for
future reference in case of a dispute.
2.2.3 Conditioning Before testing, the specimens shall be conditioned to constant mass
at a temperature of 20 12"c and a relative humidity of 65 15%.
Constant mass is considered to be reached where after two successive weighing
operations, carried out at minimum intervals of 24 h, the mass of the test piece has not
varied by more than 0.1% or 0.1 g, whichever is the greater (see I S 0 291).
2.2.4 Specimen mounting For procedures applying to the restraint and mounting of
specimens, refer to Section 4.
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2.3.2 Thermal insulation The thermal insulation shall be 6 mm thick and shall have a
value of d ( k p c ) not greater than 600 at 150"C, where-
k = thermal conductivity, in watts per metre kelvin
e = density, in kilograms per cubic metre
c = specific heat capacity, in joules per kilogram kelvin.
2.3.3 Shields Lateral shields faced with thermal insulation complying with
Clause 2.3.2 shall be provided as shown in Figure 2.1. A second test specimen support
and set of lateral shields shall be provided for use with alternate specimens.
2.3.4 Hood and flue A hood and flue located so as to collect the products of
combustion discharged from specimens under test shall be fixed over the apparatus as
shown in Figure 2.1. The hood shall be lined with thermal insulation complying with the
requirements of Clause 2.3.2. The flue shall terminate within the laboratory atmosphere
under a vent which safely discharges the combustion products from the laboratory. The
vent shall be no closer than 450 mm from the top of the flue and shall be designed to
minimize the influence of external air movements on the draught in the flue.
WARNING: THERE IS A POSSIBILITY THAT TOXIC OR HARMFUL GASES
MAY EVOLVE DURING COMBUSTION OF SPECIMENS. PRECAUTIONS
SHOULD BE TAKEN TO ENSURE THAT PRODUCTS FROM THE FLUE ARE
DISCHARGED SAFELY TO OUTDOORS AND THAT OPERATORS ARE
PROTECTED BY PERSONAL AIR HOODS OR RESPIRATORS.
2.3.5 Radiant panel The face of the radiant panel shall measure 300 +3, -0 mm
square and, together with its surround, shall not exceed 330 mm square. The radiant panel
shall be supplied with a controllable gadair mixture, which shall be burnt at the porous
fire-brick surface of the panel, heating the latter to comply with the requirements of
Clause 2.4.1.
2.3.6 Radiometer A radiometer fitted with a fluorite window and having an angle of
complete vision of 60 +lo, -0" and a cut-off angle of 90 110" shall be mounted as shown
in Figure 2.1, sighting on a point 50 mm vertically above the centre of the specimen face
when the plane of the specimen face is 485 mm distant from the sensing element of the
radiometer and the buffers are in contact. In order that the radiometer will be at a constant
distance from the face of the specimen throughout the period when ignition is to occur,
the radiometer shall be mounted on slides in such a manner that it will move with the
specimen carriage once the buffers are in contact.
NOTE: A Land Type M/RAD/P/W miniature thermopile with a range of O to 10 Kw/m2 and
fitted with a JRG fluorite window and water jacket is suitable.
2.3.7 Pilot flame A small pilot flame shall be located so that the centre-line of the
orifice discharging gas is 15 11 mm from the front face of the specimen, and 50 mm
above the centre of the specimen as shown in Figure 2.1. A spacer shall be attached to the
pilot flame tube so that the centre-line of the orifice discharging gas can be maintained at
15 +1 mm from specimens whose faces move or change during the test. The luminous
portion of the pilot flame shall be set to be approximately 6 mm in diameter and 12 mm
long when the tube is vertical with the orifice uppermost. A second and similar pilot
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flame shall be provided which can be similarly positioned approximately 15 mm from the
front face of the specimen at any location judged to be evolving a significant quantity of
smoke or vapours during a test.
NOTE: The pilot flame with town gas issuing from an orifice 4 mm in diameter at the end of a
tube not more than 8 mm in diameter is suitable. For propane gas, a Bray pilot jet catalogue 242
size O0 is suitable.
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ASiNZS 1530.3:1999 10
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illuminate all the sensing area of the photoelectric cell in such a way as not to adversely
influence the linearity of the detector.
2.3.8.2 Spectral response The spectral response distribution of the overall
smoke-monitoring system shall be similar to that of the human eye and have a peak
sensitivity between 500 nm and 600 nm, with the spectral bandwidth at half-peak
sensitivity not exceeding 150 nm and the response at wavelengths less than 400 nm and
greater than 700 nm not exceeding 10% of the peak sensitivity.
NOTE: Compliance with these requirements can be achieved by locating a tungsten-filament
lamp at the focus of a convergent lens in line with a photocell detector at the focus of a similar
convergent lens. The divergence of the light beams may be established by measuring the change
in diameter of the beam within the same plane when it traverses a distance of 1 m. The
diameters of the lenses should be equal and within the range 20 mm to 75 mm.
The lamp may be an ordinary tungsten-filament lamp operated at an e.m.f. not less than 90% of
the rated value, or a quartz-halogen lamp operated at an e.m.f. of not less than 80% of the rated
value.
The detector may be a selenium photocell, or a silicon photodiode with appropriate filters. The
silicon photodiode is preferred for new equipment, having generally superior linearity and
stability. The spectral response of the photodiode can be adjusted to the requirement by placing
filters made from 4 mm thickness of Schott type VG4 glass and 5 mm of Schott type KG3
glass, or a combination of equivalent glass types, between the lens and the photodiode and
normal to the optic axis. A neutral density filter should be added to the other filters to set the
detector photocurrent for the completed assembly, with no absorption between the lenses, within
the range 20 pA to 100 PA. The peak photocurrent density for selenium photocells should not
exceed 0.1 pA/mm2 of surface area. The photocurrent should be measured using a circuit with
an input impedance not exceeding 500 SZ. The detector and filters should be mounted in a
light-tight tube or housing to minimize the response to stray light.
The lenses should be set back from the perimeter of the flue by a distance sufficient to allow a
stream of fresh air to be injected across their faces in order to prevent the deposition of solids
or condensation products. The airflow should be sufficient to prevent smoke entry into the side
tubes.
2.3.9 Recording devices The outputs from the radiometer and photoelectric detector
shall be monitored at intervals of not greater than 1 s for the duration of the test by means
of a suitable recording device.
2.4 CALIBRATION
2.4.1 Radiant panel The heat from the panel shall be controlled by adjusting the fuel
and air supply to the venturi aidgas mixer before each series of tests so that the radiation
as recorded by the radiometer when positioned with its sensitive area 850 mm in front of
and on the centre-line of the panel, is 2.4 +0.1, -0 Kw/m2 without side shields in place.
Calibration shall be carried out in essentially draught-free conditions.
The intensity of radiant heat received by the radiometer from sources other than the gas
panel shall not exceed 1% of the total intensity measured by the radiometer.
2.4.2 Radiometer The radiometer shall be recalibrated at intervals not exceeding
2 years. For calibration purposes, a source of radiant heat within the limits of 800 120°C
black-body temperature shall be used so that the accuracy is better than &5%.
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2.4.3 Photometric system The linearity and stability of the photometric system shall
be checked at intervals not exceeding 6 months using calibrated glass neutral density
filters of good optical quality with integrated transmittances for the lamp-detector
combination of approximately 0.3 and 0.03;measured values shall be within 10% of the
calibration values. The reference filters shall be recalibrated at periods not exceeding
10 years.
NOTE: The reproducibility of output from the smoke-monitoring system needs to be better than
0.25% to resolve a smoke developed index of zero.
2.4.4 Recording devices The device used to record the output from the radiometer
shall be recalibrated at intervals not exceeding 12 months and shall have an accuracy of
better than +1% of full scale.
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AS/NZS 1530.3:1999 12
where
D = maximum optical density, in reciprocal metres
L = effective smoke path, in metres
= 0.305 m
R = maximum value of the average reduction in percentage transmission of
light for any 1-minute period during the test as determined from the
integral of this percentage reduction transmission
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13 ASINZS 1530.3:1999
where
x = individual values of the various parameters
n = number of replicates tested
NOTE: Ignition times of 20 min or greater, and flame propagation times greater than 203 s, are
not included in the calculation of standard error.
TABLE 2.1
TIMES AND DISTANCES
from radiant panel Distance from radiant panel
Time
to specimen face to specimen face
min mm min mm
0.0 to 0.5 850 6.5 to 7.0 240
0.5 to 1.0 650 7.0 to 7.5 230
1.0 to 1.5 450 7.5 to 8.0 225
1.5 to 2.0 400 8.0 to 8.5 220
2.0 to 2.5 350 8.5 to 9.0 215
2.5 to 3.0 330 9.0 to 9.5 210
3.0 to 3.5 3 10 9.5 to 10.0 205
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ASiNZS 1530.3:1999 14
a t
*-
Steel s t a c k 0 3 0 5 x 1.23 thci k-,
r P h o t o e Ie c t r i c c e I I
Stabilized light s o u r c e
3270
305 e f f e c t i v e light path
h P h o t o e l e c t r i c Cell
Smoke h o o d
Buffers
/Radiometer
S
-r h i e Id
Radiant panel
Mobile table
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
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15 AS/NZS 1530.3:1999
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(CIT o p view
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Adjustable b u f f e r 485
(i2
Tr
710
Timber
framework
( d l Section A - A
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
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AS/NZS 1530.3:1999 16
S E C T I O N 3 C O M P U T A T I O N OF I N D I C E S
A N D C L A S S I F I C A T I O N FOR
R E G U L A T O R Y P U R P O S E S
3.1 INDICES Where required for regulatory purposes, materials or components shall
be classed for ignitability, heat evolved, spread of flame, and smoke developed, by using
the appropriate indices. Where both sides of the material or component are tested, each
side shall be classified separately.
3.4 CLASSIFICATION FOR HEAT EVOLVED The heat evolved index shall be
allotted from the mean value of the heat release integral in accordance with Table 3.2,
except where the ignitability index is zero then the heat evolved index shall also be
deemed to be zero.
in accordance with Table 3.3. Where not all specimens ignite, indices for smoke
developed shall be determined separately for those specimens that ignite and those
specimens that do not ignite. The index allotted shall be based on the worst result.
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17 AS/NZS 1530.3:1999
TABLE 3.1
INDICES FOR SPREAD OF
FLAME
133 x mean flame
propagation time Index
S
1270 0
2 240 c 270 1
2 210 c 240 2
2 180 c 210 3
2 150 c 180 4
2 120 c 150 5
2 90 c 120 6
2 60 c 90 7
2 30 c 60 8
1 10 e 30 9
c 10 10
TABLE 3.2
INDICES FOR HEAT EVOLVED
Mean value of the
integral from the
radiation intensity Index
curves
Kj/m2
c 25 0
225 e 50 1
150 c75 2
2 75 c 100 3
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2 100 c 125 4
1125 c 150 5
2150 c 175 6
2 175 c200 7
2200 c225 8
2 225 c 250 9
2 250 10
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TABLE 3.3
INDICES FOR SMOKE DEVELOPED
Mean optical density, m-’
Index
Expressed in Expressed numerically
terms of K*
e 0.0082 Ot
10.0082 < 0.0164 1
2 0.0164 < 0.0328 2
2 0.0328 < 0.0656 3
10.0656 0.131 4
2 0.131 < 0.262 5
2 0.262 0.525 6
5 0.525 1.05 7
2 1.05 c 2.10 8
2 2.10 c 4.20 9
2 4.20 10
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19 ASNZS 1530.3:1999
S E C T I O N 4 SPECIMEN M O U N T I N G
PROCEDURES
4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION This Section sets out the mounting procedures to be
adopted for the restraint and mounting of specimens referred to in Clause 2.2.4
The laboratory shall use its experience in ascertaining the most appropriate method to be
applied when testing materials. However, when the specimen does not fall into the
material groups referred to in Clause 4.5, the mounting procedure shall be determined
from Clause 4.3.
The results of a test will vary depending on the material composition of the substrate; for
example, paint on a metal surface will perform differently to paint on timber a surface
because of the difference in conductivity of the substrates.
NOTE: Details of interlaboratory trials, conducted in Australia and New Zealand during 1998
and 1999, are included in Appendix B.
4.2 APPLICATION The mounting procedures contained in Clause 4.6 to Clause 4.16
are of a specific nature and shall be read in conjunction with the basic mounting
procedures common to all materials referred to in Clause 4.4.
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ASiNZS 153031999 20
Backing board
I f
I I
I I
I
Material
I I
'
I /
I I 100
t
I'
Lstapies
I
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
TABLE 4.1
SELECTION OF SUBSTRATE
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21 AS/NZS 1530.3:1999
4.4.4 Specimen behaviour Where a preliminary test shows that the face of a specimen
falls away from the substrate, a layer of welded wire mesh shall be clamped over the face
of the specimen as referred to in Clause 4.3.2.
4.4.5 Mounting principle The specimen shall be mounted so as to ensure that the
product remains in the area of maximum radiant heat until ignition is reached or the test
has been completed.
4.4.6 Preparation All specimens shall be prepared, as nearly as practicable, to
represent the material or component in the use for which it is intended.
4.4.7 Applied materials and coatings When testing a material or coating is usually
applied to a substrate, it shall be applied to the appropriate substrate and, where
applicable, attached as specified by the sponsor of the test.
4.4.8 Specimen edge sealing Where the core or edge of the specimen may influence
the results of the test, the edges of the specimen shall be sealed with a suitable non-
combustible material such as aluminium foil, metal or refractory cement.
4.4.9 Materials with dissimilar faces A full test shall be conducted on both faces of a
composite material where each face is different and the exposed face cannot be identified.
4.5 MATERIAL GROUPS The specimen mounting procedures shall apply to the
following materials:
(a) Fabrics (curtains, drapes and awnings) ....................... Clause 4.6.
(b) Thermoplastic sheets .................................... Clause 4.7.
Foil laminates -reflective (sarking) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clause 4.8.
Flexible ducting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clause 4.9.
Textile floor coverings and underlays ....................... Clause 4.10.
Resilient floor coverings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clause 4.11.
Insulating materials-batt, sheet type or blankets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clause 4.12.
Insulation-loose fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clause 4.13.
Solids-rigid ........................................ Clause 4.14.
Thermoplastic glazing materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clause 4.15.
Applied finishes ...................................... Clause 4.16.
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ASINZS 1530.3:1999 22
4.9.2 Procedure The mounting procedure for flexible ducting, in addition to the
requirements of Clause 4.4,where applicable, shall be as follows:
(a) Measure at least 50% of the specimens to be tested with a representative joint
present in the specimen test area (where applicable).
(b) Select the largest diameter duct available for testing and use a minimum diameter of
250 mm.
(c) Test both the internal and external surfaces of the ducting if they are dissimilar.
(d) Cut a 600 mm length of ducting along its length. Take care to maintain the integrity
of the layers of material in the ducting and ensure any ribs through the ducting are
cut cleanly and not dislodged from their position on the membrane.
(e) Carefully open out and flatten the ducting by bending the ribbing evenly along its
length, where possible. Take care to minimize the number of sharp-angle bends in
the ribbing. Make all efforts to flatten the materials without physically damaging the
product.
It may be necessary to cut the wire ribbing to adequately flatten the specimen and, if
undertaken, care should be taken to minimize damage to the fabric.
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23 AS/NZS 1530.3:1999
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(c) If the securing arrangement referred to in Step (b) above fails to restrain the
specimen during the test, discard the results for that specimen and test another
specimen.
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(b) Cover the entire framework with the wire mesh, as described in Clause 4.3.2,with a
removable rear face to allow insertion of the test material. Insert two nominal 3 mm
diameter steel rods at the third heights to hold the material in place.
(c) Clamp the holder in place with four clamps in accordance with Clause 4.3.5.
(d) Load the material into the holder to a density specified by the sponsor.
450 100
t- I
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E
\ 6 mm r o d s
4.14 SOLIDS-RIGID
4.14.1 General This method applies to specimens consisting of thermally stable
materials.
NOTE: Examples of materials are wood and reconstituted wood panel products, fibre-reinforced
cement products, fibre-reinforced gypsum wallboard, paper-faced gypsum wallboard, rigid resin-
bound glass and mineral fibre panels, metal and rigid plastics materials including rigid foams
and glass-fibre-reinforced plastics (GRP) and sandwich panels.
4.14.2 Procedure The mounting procedure for rigid solids, in addition to the
requirements contained in Clause 4.4, where applicable, shall be as follows:
(a) Clamp the specimen on all four edges against the specimen support frame in
accordance with Clause 4.3.5.
(b) Conduct a full test on both faces of a sandwich panel where each face is different.
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25 ASINZS 1530.3:1999
(b) Clamp the assembly against the specimen support frame in accordance with
Clause 4.3.5.
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(c) If the restraint fails and the material moves from the field of impressed radiant heat
during the test, discard the results for that specimen and test another specimen.
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S E C T I O N 5 R E P O R T I N G O F R E S U L T S
RESULTS The report shall contain the means and standard errors, calculated as set
out in Clause 2.7, for all the specimens tested for-
(a) ignition time;
(b) flame propagation time;
(c) heat release integral; and
(d) smoke release in terms of log,@.
Where some of the specimens do not ignite, means and standard errors for smoke release
shall be reported separately for those specimens that ignite and those that do not ignite.
The higher of the two values shall be reported as the smoke released for the material or
component. If the higher value applies to a non-ignition case, this fact shall be reported.
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5.5 APPLICATION TO FIRE HAZARD ASSESSMENT The report shall include the
following statement:
‘The results of this fire test may be used to directly assess fire hazard, but it should
be recognized that a single test method will not provide a full assessment of fire
hazard under all fire conditions.’
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APPENDIX A
GUIDE TO THE INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
(Informative)
Al INTRODUCTION The test described in this Standard was developed from room
fire experiments to grade cellulosic wall linings according to their tendencies to ignite and
propagate flame vertically. Specimens are subjected to an increasing intensity of radiant
heat simulating that which could be experienced during the early development of a
building fire. Combustible volatile substances from the specimen are ignited by a pilot
flame set close to that area of the specimen which is subjected to the maximum intensity
of radiant heat.
Although the test did not originally provide for grading according to the smoke the
specimens released, it has been adapted for this purpose. Smoke released during the test is
collected by a hood and discharged through a flue in which its optical density is
measured. Numerical values for the ‘smoke developed index’ are equated to the maximum
optical density averaged over a period of 1 min (that is, the worst minute so far as smoke
production is concerned) whether or not the test specimen is burning.
Specimens are freely ventilated as is the case in an occupied room prior to ‘flashover’,
that is, during the stage when the internal surfaces of the room are absorbing more heat
energy than they are releasing. (After flashover the combustible surfaces of the room are
enveloped in flame and are emitting more heat energy than they are absorbing.)
It has been observed in experimental fires in rooms lined with combustible linings that
surface burning rather than a burn-through of the cladding generally precedes flashover.
The test examines smoke release associated with freely ventilated surface burning that
simulates this situation. By examining the peak smoke evolution for 1 min, the hazard of
dense smoke release during early development of fire in a room is indicated.
A2 INDICES
A2.1 General For regulatory purposes the test results can be used to express fire
behaviour under four headings in terms of separate numerical indices; however, it is
important to note that these indices are interrelated, as they are obtained as a result of a
single fire test.
A2.2 Ignitability index The ignitability index relates to the time taken for the volatile
substances from the specimens, irradiated at increasing intensity, to form an ignitable gas
mixture and be ignited by a small flame. The index is zero if such ignition does not occur
under the maximum impressed radiation during the test.
A2.3 Spread of flame index The spread of flame index relates to the radiation emitted
by a burning specimen under impressed radiation that varies according to the time of
ignition of the specimen. The scale of the index is based on studies of actual rates of
flame propagation on various wall linings in simulated corner wall and ceiling situations.
(Ref. 1)
A2.4 Heat evolved index The heat evolved index relates to the amount of heat
released by a burning material. Its linear scale allows distinctions to be drawn between
materials on the basis of whether or not the amount of heat released would be likely to
cause ignition of nearby combustibles. The higher the index, the more likely is the fire
involvement of nearby combustible materials.
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29 AS/NZS 1530.3:1999
A2.5 Smoke developed index The smoke developed index relates to the optical
density of smoke released under the conditions of the test. Doubling of the optical density
of the smoke increases the smoke developed index by unity. The higher the index, the
greater the hazard is likely to be from smoke.
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ASINZS 1530.3:1999 30
The interrelated data obtained during a single test provide valid information for the
evaluation of the fire hazard of wall linings. While it is preferable to test flat
standard-size specimens wherever practicable, materials used in sizes and orientations
other than for wall linings can be graded. Useful information can also be obtained by
additionally testing components in their finished form.
Apart from determining the conditions for piloted ignition, exposure of specimens or
components of less than the full 600 mm x 450 mm specimen size does not establish
useful comparative data unless the full-size specimens are also tested. This fact can cause
problems in the testing of materials or components that move, melt or flow out of the path
of radiant heat and the test report provides for such factors to be reported. The use of wire
mesh to support materials or components exhibiting such behaviour can be effective only
in some cases. Further testing of such materials, or components, bonded to
non-combustible substrates may be needed to provide data on which a judgement of fire
performance may be made. Such bonding should be representative of commercial practice.
Reflecting lining materials that do not decompose when subjected to the levels of radiant
heat applied in the test may do so when sooty or dirty. The blackening of a 100 mm
square at the centre of the specimens of such reflective materials may therefore provide
useful supportive data for the assessing of fire hazard.
Physical damage to lining materials may affect their behaviour in fire. Surface damage by
diagonal scoring through the surface of the central area of specimens may provide useful
supportive data.
Care needs to be exercised with material combinations and jointed components where
irregular ignition and variable flame propagation behaviour may occur and, similarly, with
materials or components that, where aged or handled in service, may give different
performance to the new condition. For instance, some paints with fire-retardant additives
lose their effectiveness after being weathered.
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(b) The occupants of the adjoining compartment may become aware of the fire before it
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develops beyond the small-fire state and, in such a situation, the time for flames to
reach the ceiling indicates the time likely to be available for egress and fire
suppression.
(c) The occupants of the remainder of the storey and of upper storeys in the building,
which might be polluted by smoke from the fire, will be seeking to escape at still
later stages and by that time the fire will have developed to major proportions, and
the linings of corridors within the affected storey and the linings of escape stairs
from upper storeys may have had considerable preheating.
Where materials having very slow flame-propagation characteristics are required in escape
corridors, and where similar or non-combustible materials are required in fire-isolated
stairs, the propagation of the actual fire should be controlled for surfacing materials to a
safe level for the escape of occupants.
Although the control of lining materials according to their smoke release characteristics
can be regulated on the same basis, it must be admitted that this is only a partial solution,
in that the smoke released by the burning contents of the compartment involved originally
in the fire could well be sufficient to make corridors and stair shafts very difficult to
negotiate once the fire has developed to major proportions.
Rigorous control of linings and finishes to be used within individual tenancies may not be
warranted because contents can exercise an overriding influence on fire propagation. It is
logical, however, to recommend provisions that seek to ensure reasonable safety to life in
auditoria and public halls and, for all buildings, in corridors connecting required
alternative means of escape and dead-end corridors connecting to such corridors, and in
stairs in fire-resisting shafts.
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TABLE A l
RANGES OF TYPICAL INDICES
Bottom of range Top of range
Material tested
- -
I S H Sm I 5 H Sm
- - - --- -
Glass fibre insulation O O O O O 0 0 3
Mineral fibre insulation batts O O O O O 0 0 3
Asbestos cellulose board O O O O O 0 0 0
Glass-reinforced plaster O O O O O 0 0 0
Hardboard 14 7 6 3 14 7 7 5
Wood fibre insulating board* 11 O O 4 16 9 10 2
Plywood (interior)* O O O 4 14 8 10 3
Particleboard O O O 7 15 8 7 3
-radiata pine 15 5 5 3 14 8 9 3
-jarrah 13 3 4 2 13 5 4 2
-Queensland hoop pine* O O O 2 14 8 6 1
Plasterboard 12 O 2 3 13 0 3 2
Melamine laminate
-bonded to non-combustible substrate* O O O 3 14 8 5 3
-bonded to combustible substrate* O O O 3 14 8 4 4
Acrylic sheet 14 7 6 4 15 8 10 5
Glass-fibre-reinforced polyester sheet* 8 O O 4 15 10 10 9
Polystyrene foam* 10 O 2 5 15 9 10 8
Polyurethane foam* 15 O O 5 18 10 10 9
Rigid uPVC sheet* O O O 5 13 2 1 8
PVC floor covering -bonded to non-combustible substrate 14 O O 4 17 9 5 7
Rubber floor covering-bonded to non-combustible substrate* 15 O 2 7 14 8 10 8
Linoleum 14 7 8 4 16 9 10 6
Acrylic carpet* 16 6 8 5 17 10 10 7
Carpet
-100% wool 16 O O 3 15 0 1 5
-80% wool, 20% nylon 16 O O 3 16 0 1 5
-tiles, 100% wool 16 O O 3 16 0 1 5
-tiles, 80% wool, 20% nylon 14 O O 5 15 7 5 7
-tiles, 100% nylon
* Bottom of range specimens incorporated fire-retardant additives
----
14 7 9 7 16
A -- -
8 10 7
LEGEND:
I = ignitability index (0-20)
S = spread of flame index (0-10)
H = heat evolved index (0-10)
Sm = smoke developed index (0-10)
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TABLE A2
VARIABILITY OF TYPICAL INDICES
-
Ignitabüity Spread of flame Heat evolved Smoke developed
-
No. Material tested Index Standard Index Standard Index Standard Index itandard
ieviation [O-10) deviation [elo) leviation
(0-20) deviation [elo)
- -
jardboard, 4.6 mm thick 14 o.1 7 0.2 7 0.4 3 0.3
1 -bare 13 o. 1 9 0.5 10 0.4 4 0.2
2 -coated with acrylic paint 13 0.2 9 0.3 8 0.6 5 0.3
3 -coated with enamel paint
4 ’lywood, clear polyurethane finish 15 0.3 9 0.5 10 0.5 4 0.4
5 Vinyl wallpaper on plasterboard 13 0.7 O O 2 0.8 4 0.5
6 ’lasterboard finished with acrylic paint 13 0.9 O O 2 0.2 2 0.4
7 Melamine-faced particleboard 11 1.4 7 1.o 4 2.8 5 0.4
8 Jlass fibre reinforced polyester flat sheet 15 0.8 10 0.1 10 NIA 9 0.2
Hardboard, 6 mm thick
9 -bare 14 0.3 7 0.2 7 0.5 2 0.2
10 -coated with fire retardant 14 0.3 7 0.7 7 1.3 5 0.4
11 -coated with vinyl 15 o. 1 7 0.6 6 0.9 6 0.4
12 -coated with vinyl cloth 13 0.7 7 1.6 6 3.4 6 0.6
13 -coated with melamine 14 1.6 8 - 4 3.2 4 0.6
14 -coated with fire-retardant melamine 6 3.5 6 2.6 6 3.9 5 0.5
15 -coated with vinyl paint 12 0.2 9 0.2 8 2.0 3 0.3
NOTE: The performance data on hardboard are included to indicate the effect of coatings on a wood-based substrate.
REFERENCES
1 FERRIS, J.E. Fire hazard of combustible wallboards, Special Report No 18,
Commonwealth Experimental Building Station. Sydney, 1955.
2 MARTIN, K.G. and DOWLING, V.P. ‘Australian studies on fire hazard tests on
internal linings of buildings’. Fire and Materials, Vol 3 No 4, 1979 (9 pages).
3 MOULEN, A.W. et al. ‘Early fire behaviour of combustible wall lining materials’.
Fire and Materials, Vol 4 No 4, 1980 (8 pages).
4 GARDNER, W.D. and THOMSON, C.R. Flame spread properties of forest
products-Comparison and validation of Australian and American test methods.
Technical Paper No 36, Forestry Commission of N.S.W., 1987 (33 pages).
5 TROTTER, K. and TROTTER, A.B. An experimental investigation of the
repeatability of smoke indices determined by the Early Fire Hazard Test AS 1530
Part 3-1976. Research Report R41 Building Research Association of New Zealand,
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APPENDIX B
INTERLABORATORY TRIALS
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(Informative)
An interlaboratory trial, round robin, was conducted at two laboratories in Australia and
one laboratory in New Zealand during 1998.
The objectives of the round robin were as follows:
(a) Derive the repeatability - ( r ) (within a laboratory) and reproducibility - ( R )
(between different laboratories) of the test method using the specimen mounting
procedures.
(b) Provide laboratories working with the test method experience in using the revised
mounting methods.
(c) Provide data, on which to base the work being undertaken, in the next revision of
the test method contained in this Standard.
The round robin identified areas of difference between laboratories consistent with
expectations. These will be addressed in the next revision of this Standard.
Details of the interlaboratory trial is contained in a report, see Reference to follow.
REFERENCE
DOYLE, R.T. A report dated August 1999 on Australia-New Zealand Interlaboratory
Trials for Tests on materials using AS 1530.3, Methods for fire tests on building
materials, components and structures, Part 3: Simultaneous determination of ìgnitabìlity,
flame propagation, heat release and smoke release, using revised specimen mounting
procedures.
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4B S t a n d a r d s A u s t r a l i a