CONTEMPORARY ARTS  Shorter Shutter Speed – freeze any

(FINALS REVIEWER) action

SCULPTURE
APERTURE – how large the iris (or eye) of
VENUS OF WILLENDORF – one of the oldest
your lens opens up
and most famous surviving work of art.
DEPTH OF FIELD – how much the area
FREE STANDING – can independently stand
ISO – how sensitive your camera sensor is to
on its own.
light
RELIEF – does not have horizontal base, flat
LIGHTING – adjust the brightness part of the
surface
scene
ASSEMBLAGE – putting together found
PINHOLE CAMERA – camera obscura, cannot
objects and other materials.
be exposed to light
KINETIC SCULPTURE – sculpture in motion
SLR – Single Lens Reflex, film
WELDED SCULPTURE – process of
DSLR – Digital Single Lens Reflex, memory
connecting metal sheets together of acetylene
card
USE OF GLASS – works of art that are made
PRINCIPLE NO.1 - A good photograph is a
of glass
subject, a context and nothing else
SYMBOLIC SCULPTURE – symbolizes
PRINCIPLE NO.2 (RULE OF THIRDS) - The
something or emphasizes an idea of a certain
center of the frame is the weakest place.
objects.
PRINCIPLE NO.3 - Creates impact by using
PHOTOGRAPHY
frames and real or inferred lines that leads the
 Creating durable images by using light viewers eye into the picture
 Photos (Light) and Graph MACRO SHOTS – extreme close up
(Lines/Drawing) MICRO SHOTS – close up
DANCE
CAMERA – an instrument and a tool to record
major events  An artform involving a series of rhythmic
human movements
 FIVE THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW
 Know your camera ELEMENTS OF DANCING
 Hold the camera still
1. BODY ELEMENT – describes how the
 Take a few more
body of the dancer move
 Tell a story
2. SPACE – the area where the dance is
 Capture the mood
performed
 C.E.L.L.
 SIZE – magnitude of a body space of a
 Composition
movement from small to large
 Exposure
movements
 Lens
 DIRECTION – it is the way a dancer
 Light
faces or moves
MANUAL MODE – adjust every aspect of the  LEVEL – it is the vertical distance from
shot the floor
SHUTTER SPEED – the longer your shutter 3. TIME – the relationship of one
stays open the more light your camera lets in. movement or part of the movement to
another
 Longer Shutter Speed – blur the shot
 ACCENT – emphasis
  RHYTHM – flow of sound or movement
having regular accented beats
4. ENERGY – how the energy’s depicted
through the body and how they release
it
 DYNAMICS – how the movement is
done
 FLOW – the continuity of movement
 WEIGHT – the lightness of movement
5. RELATIONSHIP
 How the dancer relates to another
dancer
 How he or she relates to an object
 How he or she relates to a group of
dancer
 The awareness of dancers on their
element
FORMS AND TYPES OF DANCES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
FOLK DANCES - dances that are developed
and performed by ordinary people
1. COURTSHIP DANCE – male pursuing
the female
2. WEDDING DANCE – performed by
newly weds
3. GAME DANCE – acted for fun
4. MARTIAL DANCE – combative in nature
used to enact a battle
5. MIMENTIC DANCE – imitate actual or
real-life movements
6. RITUAL DANCE – dancing to spiritual
beings or god
7. SOCIAL DANCING – celebrate
important milestone in life
8. SONG DANCE – a song which
describes history and traditions of a
community
9. BALLET – theatrical dance presentation
NATIONAL ARTISTS
 FRANCISCA REYES AQUINO –
research about folk dance in the
Philippines
 ALICE REYES – ethnic dance in the
Philippines
 RAMON OBUSAN – famous research
about folk dance and ethnic dance
 LEONOR GOCUINGCO – mother of
Philippine theater dance
THEATER
 Planned actions and emotions in front of
an audience
PERFORMERS – persons who are on stage
and portrays their characters
AUDIENCE – the performers have to present
in front of an audience and connect with them
DIRECTORS – an overseer to the entire
production
PERFORMANCE STAGE – space which the
actors can perform
KINDS OF STAGE
 PROSCENIUM – gives everyone a good
view because the performers need only
focus on one direction
 THRUST – extends into the auditorium
so that the audience is seated around
three sides
 ARENA – central stage surrounded by
audience
 BOOTH – easily assembly, you can
bring any where
ELEMENTS
1. DESIGN - essential in placing the
overall feel of the production
 VISUAL ASPECT – lighting, set,
scenery costumes
 NON-VISUAL ASPECT – sound
2. TEXT – script, must be presented in a
particular play or production
TYPES OF THEATER
 DULAMBAYAN
 DULANG PAHIYANG
MUSIC
 Least tangible
 Creates continuous and unified
composition
ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
 MELODY – succession of consecutive
notes or tones changing in pitch and
duration
 RHYTHM – notes in different duration
are organized into patterns
o TEMPO – speed of the song
o Largo (Slow), Allegro (Fast), Andante
(Walking)
o METER – group of accented and
unaccented beats
 HARMONY – combination of different
tones or pitches played or sung together
 TEXTURE – the relationship of melodic
and harmonic lines in music
 DYNAMICS – the degree of softness
and loudness of music
 VOLUME OF THE SONG - (P) Soft,
(PP) Very Soft, (F) Loud, (FF) Very
Loud
 TIMBRE – the quality of the sound
generated
 FORM – how the elements are
organized
FORMS AND TYPES OF PHILIPPINE MUSIC
 ETHNIC MUSIC – music that has similar
elements with music from our southeast
asian neighbors
 BALLAD – a song that explains an event
occurring in a community
 CHANT – a song with an
unaccompanied melody and variable
rhythm
 SONG DEBATE – a song involving male
and female dancers who try to outsmart
each other
EUROPEAN INFLUENCED RELIGIOUS AND
SECULAR MUSIC
 ART SONG - merging the voice, lyrics
and the accompaniment together to
achieve an artistic musical whole
 KUNDIMAN – signature of love song of
the Philippines
 HABANERA/ DAZA – social dance in
duple time originated from Cuba
 LITUGICAL MUSIC – Christian
churches
 KUMINTANG – a dance of love
accompanied by a guitar or bass
 PASYON CHANT
AMERICAN INSPIRED MUSIC
 CHAMBER MUSIC – the instrumental
music played by small ensemble
 CHORAL MUSIC – music written for a
group of singers
 OPERA – it is essentially drama that is
sung and accompanied by instruments
POPULAR MUSIC
 PINOY ROCK – use of drums and other
instruments
 SAFE PINOY POP – middle of the road
type of music
 PINOY FOLK – inspired by simple
repetitive tunes
 PINOY DISCO MUSIC –
Filipinoadaptation of western disco
music
 RAP – a fast paced rhythmic narration
accompanied by electronic instruments
 PROTEST/ ALTERNATIVE SONG –
improve social and political aspect
FILM
 Moving pictures
ELEMENTS OF FILM
TIME – most significant element of cinema
  PHYSICAL TIME – time for an action to
take place
 PSYCHOLOGICAL TIME – audience
time
 DRAMATIC TIME – timeline of events
SPACE – projected to the screen, two-
dimensional
A. SCALE – aspect that directed on the
screen
B. SHOOTING ANGLE – denotes the
location
C. LIGHTNING – position of lights can
affect
SOUND – includes background of the sound
TECHNIQUES OF CINEMA
CUTTING/ EDITING – joining one shot of
another
CAMERA MOVEMENT – change of view
FRAMING – balance
FORMS AND TYPES OF FILM
ACTION – American influenced, physical
conflict and real-life stories
ANIMATION – illustration comes alive
 DRAWN
 CUT OUT
 MODEL OR LIVE
DOCUMENTARY – narrates or discusses
news events that happens in our daily life
 FILM JOURNALISM
 GENERAL INTEREST
 NATURE DOCUMENTARIES
 COMMITTED DOCUMENTARIES
 CINEMA DIRECT
DRAMA – personal problems and conflict
EXPERIMENTAL – create something different
FANTASY – depicts the imaginary world
HISTORICAL – actual events that occurred in
the past
HORROR – bring fear in the audience
COMEDY – induce laughter in the audience
 ROMANTIC COMEDY
 SLAPSTICK COMEDY
MUSICAL – romantic comedy in dances
NATIONAL ARTIST
 Filipino artist who made significant
contributions to the cultural heritage of
the county
 Artistic accomplishment is at its highest
level
ORDEN NG MGA PAMBANSANG ALAGAD
NG SINING – President Proclamation No.
1001 dated April 27, 1972
NCCA – National Center for Culture and the
Arts
CCP – Cultural Center of the Philippines
ONAA – Order of the National Artist Award
Secretariat
GRAND COLLAR – made of silver gilt bronze
KKK – Katotohanan, Kabutihan, at
Kagandahan
FERNANDO AMORSOLO - “The Grand Old
Man of the Philippine Art”, first national artist
LEVI CELERIO – music through leaf
ALICE REYES – popularized modern dance in
1970
NVM GONZALEZ – Doctor of Humane Letters
JUAN NAKPIL – he believed that there is a
Philippine Architecture that reflects Filipino
traditions and culture
NAPOLEON V. ABUEVA – Father of Modern
Filipino Sculpture
WILFREDO MA. GUERRERO – brought
theater to remote provinces
LINO BROCKA – freedom of expression
ISHMAEL BERNAL – The Genius of Philippine
Cinema
FRANCISCO V. COCHING – King of Komiks
and Dean of Filipino Illustrators
RAMON VALERA – National Artist for Fashion
Design
GAMABA

 Highlights the diversity of in our heritage

and cultural traditions which defines our
being Filipino
MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN – citizen engaged in
any traditional art whose skills reached such
high level of technical and artistic excellence
GINAW BILOG – Hanunoo Mangyan, master
of ambahan poetry
Ambahan - script which engraved in bamboos
MASINO INTARAY – Master of traditional
music instruments
SAMAON SULAIMAN – most honored kutyapi
master and teacher in Maganoy, Mindanao.
Imam – who achieve highest degree in kutyapi
playing
LANG DULAY – T’boli, master textile weaver
SALINTA MONON – Bagobo, weaver
Weaving – stripping of abaca plant to get the
fiber for textile
ALONZO SACLAG – Kalinga, master of dance
and performing arts who has mastered use of
the Kalinga musical instruments
FREDERICO CABALLERO – Kalinog, epic-
chanter
Bantugan – a person who has attained
distinction in his community
UWANG AHADAS – Yakan from Lamitan,
Basilan who values much musical instrument
because he was nearly blind.
DARHATA SAWABI – weaver of pissyabit –
which is the traditional cloth tapestry worn as a
head cover by the Tausugs
EDUARDO MUTUC – creating religious and
secular art
HAJA AMINA APPI – master of mat weaver
TEOFILO GARCIA – making all-weather head
gear the “tabungaw”
MAGDALENA GAMAYO – master of weaver
who creates “inabel” - Ilokano handwoven cloth