Answers to end-of-chapter questions

Chapter 9
1 See Figure 9.2. 11 a Molecules of ethanol leave the surface
of the liquid [1]
2 See Figure 9.5.
so that its mass decreases. [1]
3 a energy
b The more energetic molecules of ethanol
b temperature are more likely to leave the liquid, [1]
4 a evaporation so the average energy of the molecules
remaining decreases. [1]
b faster-moving or more energetic; decrease or Hence its temperature decreases. [1]
fall/drop
12 a The pressure will increase. [1]
5 a smoke particles
b The pressure will decrease. [1]
b molecules of the air
13 a evaporation (or vaporisation) [1]
6 a slowly
b In the liquid, forces between the
b quickly particles hold them together. [1]
c quickly If it is to become a gas, energy must be
supplied to overcome these forces and
7 a pressure × volume = constant
separate the particles. [1]
b pV = constant
14 p1V1 = p2V2 [1]
p1V1 = p2V2
p∝ 1 120 000 × 20 = 160 000 × V2 [1]
V
8 a gas [1] V2 = 15 m3 [1]
b solid [1] 15
c liquid [1] Shape Molecules
9 a solid [1] a Solid fixed shape vibrate about a
b The particles are well separated and fixed position [2]
can move about within the volume b Liquid shape fills the move around,
of their container, [1] container from close together [1]
colliding with its walls and with the bottom
each other. [1] c Gas completely fills move around,
10 a particles of smoke [1] the container far apart [1]

b The smoke particles are moving

because the particles of the air are
continually colliding with them, [1]
changing their speed and direction
of motion. [1]

© Cambridge University Press 2014 IGCSE Physics Answers to end-of-chapter questions: Chapter 9 1
16 a i bombardment/collisions with air b i increases [1]
molecules/particles [1] ii air molecules/particles/atoms
ii any two from bombard/hit walls [1]
lighter / very small / smaller than smoke molecules faster / higher energy when
particles / too small to be seen temperature raised [1]
fast-moving / high kinetic energy (not vibrate faster)
random movement / movement in all greater force (per unit area) or more
directions [2] collisions per second [1]

© Cambridge University Press 2014 IGCSE Physics Answers to end-of-chapter questions: Chapter 9 2