Laboratory Manual in Inorganic Chemistry 1 for SY 2020-21

COMMON LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

Before doing any experiment in a chemistry laboratory it is a basic requirement that

you must be familiar with the names, descriptions, features and functions of laboratory
apparatuses. Each equipment is designed for specific usage. Some are used as containers,
measuring device and as support or accessories. The equipment used as measuring devices
has common features, like capacity, calibration and precision. Learning how to correctly
handle this equipment together with their limitations will help you work efficiently without
committing errors and accidents.

In this part, instead of presenting laboratory equipment in pictures and describing

them in a text, the instructor will help the students be familiar with the common lab
equipment through an activity with real materials. Be guided by the list of common chemistry
laboratory apparatus below:
Adapter (or joints) Droppers Reagent Bottles (Transparent & Amber)
Aspirator Drying tubes Reagent Bottles (Winged Top & Flat Top)
Balance, Analytical Evaporating Dish Rubber & Glass Tubing
Balance, Cent-o-gram Flask, Distilling Spatula (Porcelain /Steel/Chemical spoons)
Balance, Platform Flask, Erlenmeyer (125, 250, 500 mL) Spot Plate (6 holes/12 holes)
Balance, Triple Beam Flask, Filtering (or vacuum) Stirring Rod
Beaker (50, 250, 600 mL) Flask, Florence Stopper (Cork & Rubber)
Buret Clamp Flask, Pear-shaped Test tubes (micro – large sizes)
Buret, Acid Flask, Round-bottom Test tube brush
Buret, Base Flask, Volumetric (50, 250, 500mL) Test tube holder
Burner, Alcohol Funnel, Buchner Test tube rack
Burner, Bunsen Funnel, filtering (short/long stem) Thermometer (mercury & alcohol)
Burner, Tirrill Funnel, Separatory Thistle Tube
Calorimeter Fish tail Trough
Capillary tube Graduated Cylinder (10, 25, 100 mL) Triangular file
Clay triangle Iron Clamp, Ring, Stand Tripod
Condenser (any variety) Mortar and Pestle Wash bottle
Cork Borer Petri Dish Watch Glass
Crucible and Cover Pinch Cock Water Bath
Crucible Tongs Pipet, Delivery (1, 5, 10 mL) Wire Gauze
Desiccator Pipet, Volumetric (25 mL) Hydrometer
Meter stick/ruler Vernier Caliper (see instructor for any addition)

The laboratory instructor will present the various equipment or apparatuses and
simultaneously discuss and demonstrate their important features. The student will draw,
classify and describe their uses. The student will have also the chance to operate the
equipment.

PRECAUTION: Handle glasswares with care.

Activity Sheet No.2

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 Laboratory Manual in Inorganic Chemistry 1 for SY 2020-21

COMMON LABORATORY EQUIPMENT

Name: LAYNES, Charlene Rose M. Date Submitted: 10/05/2020 Score: ______

Yr. & Sec: ___II-23 (BScieChem)___ Date Performed: _10/05/2020 Group No: 4

Illustrations of Equipment

Fill in the tables with equipment that best fit the group.

A. Measuring Devices:

Drawing/Name Description/Uses Drawing/Name Description/Uses

Highly sensitive lab
Measure mass very instruments designed
precisely, typically to accurately measure
have a reading error mass. It has draft
of ±0.05 grams. shield or weighing
chamber to prevent
the very small
samples from being
affected by air
currents.
Offers the accuracy
and convenience of A balance having a
an integrated weigh platform on which
below balance while objects are weighed
to visualize mass
measurement
principles.

Also known as
measuring cylinder or
A tool or device used mixing cylinder is a
to measure length and common piece of
draw straight lines. laboratory equipment
used to measure the
volume of a liquid.
Each marked line
represents the amount
of liquid that has been
measured.
A piece of laboratory Allows extremely
glassware that is used accurate measurement
to prepare and of the volume of a
measure chemical solution. It is calibrated
to deliver accurately a
solutions. I
fixed volume of liquid.

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Incorporates a main
scale and a sliding
vernier scale which
A tool that measures allows readings to the
temperature nearest 0.02 mm.
This instrument may
be used to measure
outer dimensions of
objects, inside
dimensions, and
depths.
An instrument used
for measuring the
relative density of
A device used in liquids based on the
analytical chemistry concept of buoyancy.
for the dispensing of They are typically
variable, measured calibrated and
Buret, amounts of a graduated with one or
Acid chemical solution. more scales such as
specific gravity.

B. Containers or Reaction Vessels

Drawing/Name Description/Uses Drawing/Name Description/Uses

A shallow glass or A watch glass is a
plastic flat bottomed dish circular concave piece
with a lid. Used of glass used in
primarily in laboratories chemistry as a surface
for the culture of bacteria to evaporate a liquid,
and other to hold solids while
microorganisms on being weighed, for
specially prepared heating a small
media. amount of substance
and as a cover for a
beaker.
Used in the laboratory to A glass flask used in a
contain chemical laboratory for holding
compounds when heated to chemical liquids and
extremely high solutions, which has a
temperatures. Crucibles are spherical shape for
available in several sizes
uniform heating
and typically come with a
correspondingly-sized lid.

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A flask that is used for

receiving a filtering
liquid and that is usually A glass container with
of heavy-walled glass a flat bottom that
and is often provided scientists use to hold
with a side tube to liquids
connect with a suction
pump.

Also known as a culture A type of flask used as

tube or sample tube, is a an item of laboratory
common piece of glassware. It is used as
laboratory glassware a container to hold
consisting of a finger- liquids. A Florence
like length of glass or flask has a round
clear plastic tubing, open body, a long neck, and
at the top and closed at often a flat bottom.
the bottom.

A piece of laboratory A piece of laboratory

apparatus used for equipment that is used
collecting gases, such as to separate mixtures of
hydrogen, oxygen and two liquids with
nitrogen. different boiling
points.

Are sealable
Intended to contain enclosures containing
chemicals in liquid or desiccants used for
powder form for preserving moisture-
laboratories and stored in sensitive items. Used
cabinets or on shelves. to protect chemicals
which are hygroscopic
or which react with
water from humidity.

Is a piece of laboratory A laboratory tool

glassware used for the made either from
evaporation of solutions ceramics or plastics.
and supernatant liquids, Each plate consists of
and sometimes to their many cavity-like
melting point. depressions in which
only small amount of
reactants can be added
at a time.

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C. Mechanical Support & Heating Devices

Drawing/Name Description/Uses Drawing/Name Description/Uses

Or spirit lamp is a piece Is a piece of laboratory

of laboratory equipment used to
equipment used to support a porcelain
produce an open flame. crucible being heated by
a Bunsen burner.
Are scissor-like tools,
but instead of having
two blades, these tools A portable three-legged
are replaced with two frame or stand, used as a
pincers or pieces of platform for supporting
metals that concave the weight and
together, which allow maintaining the stability
the users to grasp a hot of some other object.
crucible, flasks,
evaporating dishes, or
even small beakers.

A laboratory apparatus
used to condense A lab equipment that
vapors — that is, turn heats a larger area,
them into liquids — by provides more air for a
cooling them down. hotter flame, and has
Condensers are both air and gas controls
routinely used in
laboratory operations
such as distillation,
reflux, and extraction.
Used specifically to hold
Use to hold glassware, and secure a burette on a
such as a beaker or a stand, so that a burette is
funnel when heating. fixed and more
convenient for the
experiment
A laboratory instrument
A clamp used on a that can be used to provide
flexible tube to regulate a single, continuous flame
the flow of a fluid by mixing gas with air in a
controlled fashion. The
through the tube
ratio of gas to air that is
mixed together can be
manually adjusted,
allowing the user to
control the intensity,
temperature, and size of
the flame.

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D. Accessories & Miscellaneous or Unclassified Equipment

Drawing/Name Description/Uses Drawing/Name Description/Uses

Sets to crush up solid A piece of laboratory

chemicals into smaller equipment used in
pieces, or to grind filtration.
solids into fine powder.

Lab spatulas and

spreaders come in Often used in a chemistry
metal, PTFE, or biology laboratory, is a
polypropylene and metal tool for cutting a
other plastics. hole in a cork or rubber
Laboratory grade stopper to insert glass
stainless steel and tubing.
plastic spatulas are
ideal for transferring
samples, scraping or
applying powders.
A piece of laboratory
A device used to equipment used to mix
transfer small quantities chemicals. They are
of liquids usually made of solid
glass, about the thickness
and slightly longer than a
drinking straw, with
rounded ends.

Guide Questions:
1. Describe the capacity, calibration and precision of the equipment below.

As shown in the picture, the capacity of the beaker is 1000 mL or 1L. This
beaker is usually calibrated using a liquid of known, specific density, and an

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analytical balance. While its precision, beakers are not precise because of the large
increment in the measurement label. Its precision is with 10 % only as shown in the
picture.

2. Can you use beakers or container flasks to measure exact volume of liquids? Why or
Why not?
No. Because beakers and flasks should not be used to measure
volume unless we need only a very crude estimate because their accuracy
for volume measurements is so poor. They can hold a much larger volume than any of
the other types of glassware, however, which makes them useful for mixing solutions.

3. Which will you prefer to use in weighing a 1 mg sample of solid among the balances?
In weighing a 1 mg sample of solid, I will use an analytical balance. It is because
the analytical balance offers high accuracy and precision in measuring solid samples
in experiments.

4. What is the length in millimeters of a standard A4 size coupon bond if you will
measure with a one-foot ruler?
The length in milliliters of a standard A4 size coupon bond in one- foot ruler is
297.18 mm or 297 mm. It is because the length of a A4 coupon bond is 11.7in.
Below is the conversion solution.

A4 size coupon bond = 11.7 in.

1 inch = 25.4 mm

( 11.7 in.) * (25.4 mm) = 297.18 or 297 mm

1 1 in.

5. Laboratory equipment can be also classified by the materials they are made of.
Discuss the advantages or disadvantages of the following pairs, one over the other
material.

a. metal vs. ceramic

Advantages:
Metal laboratory equipment are sturdy enough to withstand accidental knocks
than ceramic laboratory equipment. Also, metal lab equipment has an high
conductivity in heat and electricity. Meanwhile, ceramic laboratory equipment
are typically insulating (non electrical or thermally conductive) and resistant to
high temperatures and harsh environment.

Disadvantages:
Ceramics has low density and ductility. While metal lab equipment has low
thermal expansion, low wear resistance, and low corrosion resistance, by
which can affect samples in the lab.

b. glass vs. plastic

Advantages:

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Glass laboratory equipment are available in many sizes, easy to clean, suitable
for chemical reagent storage and is resilient to heat and they are also good in
seeing clearly the chemicals (high transparency). Consequently, plastic lab
equipment are durable and safe and easily to dispose because of its lightness.

Disadvantages:
Easily to shatter and relatively expensive is indeed the disadvantage of glass
equipment. While plastic lab equipment is not heat proof, not safe for the
storage of reagents ,and can be difficult to clean thoroughly when scratched,
also they are not environmental friendly.

c. rubber vs. teflon

Advantages:
Rubber lab equipment is cheaper, exhibits high resilience, good tensile
strength, and tear resistance and has high surface tension that makes objects
keep in place. Also rubber made equipment offers low permanent set
characteristics plus good flexing qualities at low temperature. More so,
rubbers are light weight, has a high stretch and flexibility, has a shock
absorbing quality, has electrical insulation, and can easily colored with dyes.
And Teflon made equipment in the lab are more chemical resistant and it does
not seep gas vapors over time. Teflon are extremely durable, highly resistant
to chemicals and does not release any fume.

Disadvantages:
Rubber made lab equipment may have advantages, but still, we cannot deny its
disadvantages, such as they do not perform well when exposed to chemicals
and petroleum derivatives, including petrochemicals. And Teflon is heavier
than plastic lab equipment and has less surface friction than rubber and also
flammable.

6. Choose at least two from the equipments you have drawn previously and think of a
material that can substitute them. List the materials you will need and draw your
improvised equipment in the table below.

Name of Equipment Materials to be Used Improvised Equipment

 Glass jars with
metal lid
 Metal tubing from
old antenna
ALCOHOL BURNER  Drill bit
 Cotton based
fabric/ old cotton
gloves
 70 %- 90 %
alcohol/ denatured
alcohol
 Nail
 Hammer
 Pliers

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 Can of milk/ NIDO

can
 Metal Scissors
TRIPOD  Nails
 Hammer
 Ruler
 Marker

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