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Chapter 7 - Stresses in Beams - Part 1 - Mark Ups Lecture
Chapter 7 - Stresses in Beams - Part 1 - Mark Ups Lecture
Chapter 7 - Stresses in Beams - Part 1 - Mark Ups Lecture
INTRODUCTION
Stresses in Beams
In this chapter we derive the relations between the bending moment and the flexure
stresses it cause, and between the vertical shear and the shearing stresses. In deriving
these relations, the following assumptions are made:
3. The moduli of elasticity for tension (T) and compression (C) are equal.
5. The plane of loading must contain a principal axis of the beam cross section and the
loads must be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the beam
6.2 Bending Stress
Longitudinal Axis
6.1
6.1)
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
6.1
Longitudinal Axis
6.1
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
Vertical Axis (Minor Axis)
(Major Axis)
Longitudinal Axis
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
6.1
Longitudinal Axis
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
6.2
Longitudinal Axis
6.2
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
Vertical Axis (Minor Axis)
Longitudinal Axis
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
( 6.1 )
(6.1)
Neutral Axis
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
Vertical Axis (Minor Axis)
(Major Axis)
6.3
Longitudinal Axis
6.3
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
(6.2a)
(6.2b)
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
(6.2) (6.1)
(6.3)
(6.4a)
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
(6.4a)
(6.4b)
(6.4)
(6.4)
(Major Axis)
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
Resisting Moment is equal to the couple created by Area in
the resultant compressive and tensile forces Compression
k = 2/3 *h
k = 2/3 *h
σT(Tension)
Figure(6.4)
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
e. Procedures for determining bending stresses
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
Maximum Bending Stress: Symmetric Cross Section
• Draw the complete shear & bending moment diagram. Identify the
bending moment Mmax that has the largest magnitude (disregard the sign)
• Compute the moment of inertia I of the cross- sectional area
about the neutral axis.
• Calculate the maximum bending stress from σmax = [Mmax]c / I,
where c is the distance from the neutral axis to the top or bottom
of the cross section .
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
6.1
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
EQUATION OF
EQUILIBRIUM
USED FOR
SOLVING
REACTIVE FORCES
11KN
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
EQUATION OF
EQUILIBRIUM
6.2 USED FOR
SOLVING
REACTIVE FORCES
MD
RD
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
6.3
MD
RD
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
6.4
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
y
cg2
0.8 in.
6 in.
CG
A2
2.91 in.
0.8 in.
NA
x
Y2 8 in.
5.89 in.
A1 cg1
y1
TENSION FIBER
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
http://web.ncyu.edu.tw/~lanjc/lesson/C3/class/Chap05-A.pdf
6.3
6.5
6.5(b)
6.5(b)
6.5(c)
6.5(c)
6.5(d)
Any supportive structural item that spans an area and is designed to support a load is broadly termed
as ‘steel beam’. Each different steel beam offers some unique properties that ensure you get exactly
the level of support you need for your type of construction. The classification of steel beam depends
on the geometry and the way they are supported. They can be both curved and straight, however, the
most common ones used are the straight beams.
I-Beam:
These steel beams are shaped like the capital letter ‘I’, just as the name implies. They are commonly
used in industrial applications and have tapered flanges. I-shaped cross-section steel beams come in
two different styles, one has a parallel flange surface (wide), whereas the other one has a slope on the
inner flange surfaces (S-beam).
W-Beam:
These are similar to I-beams and they are also called as ‘wide flange’ beams. They have a straight
flange and are most often used in residential construction.
H-Beam:
These are generally heavier and longer than I-beams. Appearing like the capital letter ‘H’, they have
longer flanges. Often, the term is interchangeably used with I-beams, so this can be confusing at times.
H-beams have webs and flanges that have the same thickness in many cases.
Channels:
Like one half of the I-beam, these have a C-shaped cross-section. The top and bottom part of the beam
have sloped inner flange surfaces that come out only on one side of the beam. They are used in
supporting lighter loads since they are not as strong as the other beam shapes.
Angles:
Steel Angles are the most basic type of roll-formed steel. They are formed by bending a single angle in
a piece of steel. Angle Steel is ‘L’ shaped; the most common type of Steel Angles are at a 90 degree
angle. The legs of the “L” can be equal or unequal in length. Steel angles are used for various purposes
in a number of industries. Framing is one of the most common uses for steel angles, but steel angles
are also used for brackets, trim, reinforcements, and many other uses. The larger the steel angle, the
more weight and stress it can bear.
❑ Properties of W – shapes are given in the Table.
σmax = Mc/I
where I and c are determined from the neutral axis that passes
through the centroid of the cross section.