Enterprise Architecture 101

(Includes numerous samples/ templates produced using

TOGAF methodology)

Shail Sood
 Enterprise Architecture

Key Question Answer

What is Enterprise An effective enterprise architecture is critical to business survival
Architecture? and success and is the indispensable means to achieving
competitive advantage through IT
Why Enterprise The purpose of enterprise architecture is to optimize across the
Architecture? enterprise the often fragmented legacy of processes (both
manual and automated) into an integrated environment that is
responsive to change and supportive of the delivery of the
business strategy
What is An architecture framework is a foundational structure, or set of
Architecture structures, which can be used for developing a broad range of
Framework? different architectures
Who would benefit Any organization undertaking, or planning to undertake, the
from TOGAF? design and implementation of an enterprise architecture for the
support of mission-critical business applications will benefit from
use of TOGAF

Enterprise Architecture – 101 2 Shail Sood

 Relationships between Mgmt Frameworks

The management frameworks are required to complement each other and work in close
harmony for the good of the enterprise.

Business planning at the strategy level provides the initial direction to enterprise
architecture. Updates at the annual planning level provide a finer level of ongoing
guidance. Capability-based Planning is one of many popular techniques for business
planning

Enterprise Architecture – 101 3 Shail Sood

 TOGAF Methodology – High Level View

Implementing Enterprise
Architecture program using
TOGAF methodology
requires you to go through
“eight” stated phases –
Segment Architecture(s)
being the most critical
ones.

In the following pages, I

have highlighted the key
steps in each one of the
segment architectures as
well as the sample/
template deliverable
produced in all “eight”
phases.

Enterprise Architecture – 101 4 Shail Sood

 Segment Architecture Phases

• Business Architecture
• Information System: Data Architecture
• Information System: Application Architecture
• Technology Architecture

# Steps
1 Build Catalogs, Matrices, and
Diagrams
Key Steps in
these architecture 2 Develop Baseline Architecture
phases
3 Develop Target Architecture
4 Perform gap analysis
5 Define roadmap

*** Several general, reusable, but critical TOGAF recommended samples/ templates are
explained and attached … ***

Enterprise Architecture – 101 5 Shail Sood

 Architeture Vision (Sample Documents)

Solution Concept
Diagram is a high
level representation of
solution envisioned.

Enterprise Architecture – 101 6 Shail Sood

 Business Architecture (Sample Documents)

Driver/ Goal/ Objective catalog

A cross-organizational reference of how
Organizat Driver Goal Objective Measure an organization meets its drivers in
ion practical terms through goals,
Sales Competitor A Match USP … … objectives, and (optionally) measures.
Unit Sales
Price

Sales Competitor B Beat Price … …

Retail Price

Business Service/ Function Catalog

A functional decomposition in a form

Organization Business Business Service Info. System
that can be filtered, reported on, and
Function Service
queried, as a supplement to graphical
Functional Decomposition diagrams Sales Customer Promotion Monthly Email
Relationship Alerts
Mgmt
Sales Order Order Capture Order Capture
Management

Enterprise Architecture – 101 7 Shail Sood

 Business Architecture (cont ...) (Sample Documents)

Process/Event/Control/Product It provides a hierarchy of processes,

events that trigger processes, outputs
Catalog
from processes, and controls applied to
Process Event [Input] Control Product
the execution of processes
[Precondition]

Order Closure Order Price agreed, Order Closed

Confirmation Stock available

Fulfillment End of Day Order closed Instruction

Instruction

…
Business Interaction Matrix
Providing Business Services
Consuming Engineeri Procureme Manufact Sales & Customer
Bus. Services ng nt uring Distributio Service
n
Engineering
The purpose of this matrix is to depict Procurement
the relationship interactions between Manufacturing Contract for Contract
organizations and business functions supply of
material
for supply
of
across the enterprise. sales
forecasts
Sales & Contract Contract
Distribution for for
supply of supply of
product product
specificati
on
Customer Contract
Service for
fulfillment
of
customer
Enterprise Architecture – 101 8 Shail Sood
orders
 Business Architecture (cont ...) (Sample Documents)

Business Service/ Information

Diagram shows the information needed
to support one or more business
services.

Functional Decomposition
Diagram shows on a single page
the capabilities of an organization
that are relevant to the
consideration of an architecture.

Enterprise Architecture – 101 9 Shail Sood

 Business Architecture (cont ...) (Sample Documents)

Goal/ Objective Service Diagram

defines the ways in which a service
contributes to the achievement of a
business vision or strategy.

Use Case Diagram displays the

relationships between consumers and
providers of business services.

Enterprise Architecture – 101 10 Shail Sood

 Business Architecture (cont ...) (Sample Documents)

Business Gap Analysis

# Gap Category Findings (Area)
Business Gap
1 People e.g. cross-training requirements
Analysis is a key step
2 Process e.g. process inefficiencies
in validating an
3 Tools e.g. duplicate or missing tool functionality
architecture is to
4 Information consider what may
5 Measurement have been forgotten.
6 Financials
7 Facilities

Enterprise Architecture – 101 11 Shail Sood

 Data Architecture (Sample Documents)
Data Entity/ Data Component Catalog

To identify and maintain a list of all the

data use across the enterprise, including
Data Entity Logical Data Physical Data
Component Component
data entities and also the data
components where data entities are
stored.

Data Entity/ Business Function Matrix

The purpose of the Data Entity
Data Entity/Business Business Function Customer Master Business Partner Customer Leads Product Master
Function matrix is to Customer Business Business Lead N/A
depict the relationship Relationship partner data partner data Processing

between data entities Management management

service
management
service
Service
Owner –
and business functions Owner – Owner of data Customer
within the enterprise. Sales & entity (person Relationship
Marketing or Manager
business unit organization)
executive
Supply Chain Customer N/A N/A Product data
Management Requirement management
Processing service
Service Owner –
Owner – Global
Supply Chain product
Manager development
organization
Enterprise Architecture – 101 12 Shail Sood
 Data Architecture (cont ...) (Sample Documents)

System Data Matrix

The purpose of the
Data System/ Data
Application Description or Comments Data Entity Data Entity Type matrix is to depict
CRM System of record for Customer data Master data
the relationship
customer master data between systems
(i.e., application
Commerce Engine System of record for order Sales order Transactional data components) and
Sales Business
book
Warehouse and datamart Intersection of multiple Historical data
the data entities
Warehouse that supports North data entities (e.g. All that are accessed
American region sales orders by customer and updated by
XYZ and by month for
2006) them.

Enterprise Architecture – 101 13 Shail Sood

 Data Architecture (cont ...) (Sample Documents)

The purpose of the Class Diagram is to

depict the relationships among the
critical data entities (or classes) within
the enterprise.

The purpose of the Data

Dissemination Diagram is to show
the relationship between data entity,
business service, and application
components.

Enterprise Architecture – 101 14 Shail Sood

 Data Architecture (cont ...) (Sample Documents)

The purpose of the Data

Security diagram is to depict
which actor (person,
organization, or system) can
access which enterprise data.

The purpose of the Class Hierarchy

diagram is to show the technical
stakeholders a perspective of the
class hierarchy.

Enterprise Architecture – 101 15 Shail Sood

 Data Architecture (cont ...) (Sample Documents)

The purpose of the Data Migration

diagram is to show the flow of data
from the source to the target
applications.

The Data Lifecycle diagram is

an essential part of managing
business data throughout its
lifecycle from conception until
disposal within the constraints of
the business process.

Enterprise Architecture – 101 16 Shail Sood

 Data Architecture (cont ...) (Sample Documents)

Data Gap Analysis

Data Gap Analysis
# Gap Category Findings (Area)
is a key step in
1 Not the data that is needed
validating an
architecture is to
2 Data not located where it is consider what may
needed have been forgotten.
3 Data not available when
needed
4 Data not created

5 Data not consumed

6 Data relationship gaps

Enterprise Architecture – 101 17 Shail Sood

 Application Architecture (Sample Documents)

Application Portfolio Catalog

Information System Is logically provided by Is realized in
Service To identify and maintain a list of all
Logical App Component Physical App Component the applications in the enterprise.
This list helps to define the horizontal
Customer Look-up CRM Salesforce.com
scope of change initiatives that may
Monthly email alert CRM Salesforce.com impact particular kinds of
applications.
Stock availability ERP SAP

Interface Catalog

The purpose of the Interface Application Component Relationship Application Component

catalog is to scope and document

the interfaces between applications CRM (Salesforce.com) Communicates with ERP (SAP)

to enable the overall dependencies …

between applications to be scoped as
early as possible.
…

Enterprise Architecture – 101 18 Shail Sood

 Application Architecture (cont ...) (Sample Documents)
System/ Organization Matrix

Organization Unit
The purpose of System/
Application Customer Procurement HR Finance Organization matrix is to depict
Service & the relationship between systems
Warehousing
(i.e., application components) and
SAP HR X X X
organizational units within the
enterprise.
Salesforce.co X X
m
SAP X X X
Financial

Role/ System Matrix

Role
The purpose of the Role/System
matrix is to depict the relationship Application Call Centre Call Centre Finance Chief

between systems (i.e., application Operator Manager Analyst Accountant

components) and the business roles that SAP HR X X X X

use them within the enterprise.

Salesforce.co X X
m

SAP X X X X
Financial

Enterprise Architecture – 101 19 Shail Sood

 Application Architecture (cont ...) (Sample Documents)
System Function Matrix

Function
The purpose of the
Application Call Centre Warehous Vacancy General System/Function matrix is to
1st line e Control Filling Ledger depict the relationship between
Maintena
nce systems (i.e., application
components) and business functions
SAP HR X X X X
within the enterprise.
Salesforce.co X X
m
SAP X X X
Financial

Application Interaction Matrix

Application

Application Service Logical Physical

The purpose of the Application Component Component

Interaction matrix is to depict Service consumes

communications relationships between

systems (i.e., application components).
Logical Communicates
Component with

Physical Communicates
Component with

Enterprise Architecture – 101 20 Shail Sood

 Application Architecture (cont ...) (Sample Documents)

The purpose of the Application

Communication diagram is to depict
all models and mappings related to
communication between applications in
the meta-model entity.

System Use-Case diagram provides

added richness in describing application
functionality by illustrating how and
when that functionality is used.

Enterprise Architecture – 101 21 Shail Sood

 Application Architecture (cont ...) (Sample Documents)

The purpose of the Process/System

Realization diagram is to clearly depict
the sequence of events when multiple
applications are involved in executing a
business process.

The Software Engineering diagram

breaks applications into packages,
modules, services, and operations from
a development perspective.

Enterprise Architecture – 101 22 Shail Sood

 Application Architecture (cont ...) (Sample Documents)

The Application Migration

diagram identifies application
migration from baseline to target
application components.

Software Composed of Deployed on Deployed at

Distribution

Physical Physical Location

Application Technology
The Software Distribution Component Component

diagram shows how application

software is structured and distributed
Physical
across the estate. It is useful in Application
systems upgrade or application Component

consolidation projects.
Physical
Application
Component

Enterprise Architecture – 101 23 Shail Sood

 Application Architecture (cont ...) (Sample Documents)

Application Gap Analysis

Application Gap
# Gap Category Findings (Area)
Analysis is a key step
in validating an
1 Applications
Eliminated
architecture is to
consider what may
2 Applications Created have been forgotten.

3 Applications Updated

Enterprise Architecture – 101 24 Shail Sood

 Technology Architecture (Sample Documents)

Technology Standards Catalog

Standards Logical Technology Physical Technology This documents the agreed

Component Component standards for technology across
the enterprise covering
technologies, and versions, the
technology lifecycles, and the
refresh cycles for the technology.

Technology Portfolio Catalog

[provided by] [realized in]

The purpose of Technology
Portfolio catalog is to identify and Platform Service Logical Technology Physical Technology
maintain a list of all the technology Component Component
in use across the enterprise,
including hardware, infrastructure
software, and application software.

Enterprise Architecture – 101 25 Shail Sood

 Technology Architecture (cont ...) (Sample Documents)

System Technology Matrix

Logical Application Physical technology Server Address IP Address
The
Component Component System/Technology
matrix documents the
ABM Webserver node 1 F01ws001@host.com 10.xx.xx.xx
mapping of business
Webserver node 2 F01ws002@host.com 10.xx.xx.xx systems to technology
Webserver node 3 F01ws003@host.com 10.xx.xx.xx platform.
Appserver node 1 F02as001@host.com 10.xx.xx.xx

Appserver node 2 F02as002@host.com 10.xx.xx.xx

Appserver node 3 F02as003@host.com 10.xx.xx.xx

Database (prod) F03dbp001@host.co 10.xx.xx.xx

m
Database (staging) F03dbs001@host.co 10.xx.xx.xx
m
Load balancer and Dispatcher Server F03nd001@host.com 242.xx.xx.xx
dispatcher
…

Enterprise Architecture – 101 26 Shail Sood

 Technology Architecture (cont ...) (Sample Documents)

The Processing diagram

focuses on deployable units of
code/ configuration and how
these are deployed onto the
technology platform.

Enterprise Architecture – 101 27 Shail Sood

 Technology Architecture (cont ...)
Technology Gap Analysis
# Gap Category
1 Technologies Eliminated
2 Technologies Created
3 Technologies Updated
Enterprise Architecture – 101
(Sample Documents)
Technology Gap
Findings (Area) Analysis is a key step
in validating an
architecture is to
consider what may
have been forgotten.
28 Shail Sood
 Opportunities and Solutions (Sample Documents)

The timelines in the

Roadmap illustrates
the recommended
approach for
implementing the
selected architecture
initiatives.

Enterprise Architecture – 101 29 Shail Sood

 Migration Planning (Sample Documents)

Migration Planning
Architecture Sta En # High level technology Sta En Resource #
Initiatives rt d implementation projects/ rt d The table shows
activities the template for
Architecture 1 10 9-11 resources
Initiative 1 Mo Mo the Migration
1 Select Enterprise Portal, CM, 1 1
Plan which details
eCommerce, Search, and Integration high level break-
tool that meets your business, up of activities,
technical and architectural
requirements start and end
2 …. 2 4 dates, and
resources needed.

Business Value Assessment

# Initiative Business Value Risk Assessment
Business Value High Mediu Low On At In
Assessment is a m Target Risk Troubl
technique to assess e
business value of an 1 Partner X X
Portal
initiative. 2
3
4
5

Enterprise Architecture – 101 30 Shail Sood

 Change Management (Sample Documents)

Change Request Register

# Change Requested Requested Request Request Est. Status
Change
Request By Date Type Priority Comp Request
Date Register
1 Request 1 Name Date Scope High Date On maintains all
Change Target Architectural
2 change
3 requests
4

Communication Plan
Stakeholder Stakeholder Information Purpose Trigger Delivery Responsibl
Category Name Needs (Why) (Frequency) Method e Person
(To Whom) (What) (How) (By Whom)
Initiative
Sponsor
The objective of Business
Leader
Communication Project
Plan is to keep Leader
people informed, to Business
create an Arch Team
Data Arch
environment of Team
trust, and to App Arch
provide an Team
opportunity for Tech Arch
Team
feedback Help Desk
Operations
Enterprise Architecture – 101 … 31 Shail Sood