Karachi Institute of Economics and

Technology

Prepared by:
Salman Ejaz
62786

Track and Trace Submitted to:

Sir Tanzim Khan
In
Air Transport
Table of content
Introduction
Tracking
Tracing
Technology Use for Track and Trace
Air waybill number
Cargo Tracking Note
Documents
Conclusion

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Introduction:
In the distribution and logistics field track and trace is defined as the process of
identifying past and current locations of inventory items.

Tracking:
Logistic tracking refers to the methods and systems used for tracking resources
throughout their movement and storage. With the help of logistic tracking you will
know where your products and material or the other resources are physically located
at any time, as well as what is scheduled.
 Flight tracking:
It is a service that involves the tracking of the flights, aircraft and airport
activities often using software. It enables travelers as well as those picking up
travelers after a flight to know whether a flight has landed or is on schedule,
for example to determine whether it is time to go to the airport.
 Baggage tracking:
A bag is entered into the baggage handling system when an airline agent, or
self-check system, assign the luggage a tag with a unique ten-digit barcode.
Airline are also incorporating chips into the tags to track the bags in real time
and to reduce the number of mishandled bags. The BHS will then scan and
sort the bags by airline.

Tracing:
In logistics, traceability refers to the capability for tracing goods along the distribution
chain on a batch number or series number basis. Traceability is an important aspect
for example in the automotive industry, where it makes recalls possible, or in the
food industry where it contributes to food safety.

Technology use for track and trace:

The international standards organization EPCglobal under GS1 has ratified the EPC
network standards (esp. the EPC information services EPCIS standard) which codify
the syntax and semantics for supply chain events and the secure method for
selectively sharing supply chain events with trading partners. These standards for
tracking and tracing have been used in successful deployments in many industries
and there are now a wide range of products that are now a wide range of products
that are certified as being compatible with these standards.

In response to a growing number of recall incidents (food, pharmaceutical, toys,

etc.), a wave of software, hardware, consulting and systems vendors have emerged
over the last few years to offer a range of traceability solutions and tools for industry.

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Radiofrequency identification and barcodes are two common technology methods
used to deliver traceability.

 RFID:
It is synonymous with track and trace solutions, and has a critical role to play
in supply chains. RFID is a code-carrying technology, and can be used in
place of a barcode to enable non-line of sight-reading. Deployment of RFID
was earlier inhibited by cost limitations but the usage is now increasing.

 Barcoding:
It is a common and cost-effective method used to implement traceability at
both item and case-level. Variable data in a barcode or a numeric or
alphanumeric code format can be applied to the packaging or label. The
secure data can be used as a pointer to traceability information and can also
correlate with production data such as time to market and product quality.
Packaging converters have a choice of three different classes of technology to
print barcodes: Inkjet, laser and thermal transfer and direct thermal.

Air waybill number:

AWB stands for air waybill. The air waybill number is used to track shipment and
show its delivery status. An air consignment note is a receipt issued by an
international airline for goods and an evidence of the contract of carriage, it is a
document of title of the goods.

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The air waybill is the most important document issued by a carrier either directly or
through its authorized agent. It is a non-negotiable transport document that covers
the transport of cargo from airport to airport. By accepting a shipment, an IATA cargo
agent is acting on behalf of the carrier whose air waybill is issued.
Air waybill have eleven digit numbers (can have hyphen in between airline code and
waybill number, like 555-12345678) which can be used to make bookings, check the
status of delivery, and a current position of the shipment.
International air waybill that contain consolidated cargo are called master air waybill
(MAWB). MAWB have additional papers called house air waybills (HAWB). Each
HAWB contains information of each individual shipment (consignee, contents, etc.)
with in the consolidated (only one shipment in one bill) are called simple AWBs. A
HAWB can also be created by a freight forwarder, who in turn issues their own
house air waybill to the customer.

Air waybill Number Format:

The AWB number has 11 digits and 3 parts;
 The first 3 digits are the Airline Prefix
 The next 7 digits is the Serial Number of the AWB
 The last digit is the Check digit.

Cargo Tracking Note:

Cargo tracking note (CTN) also known as loading certificate is an official Shipping
Document that contains information related to the cargo and its movement between
ports. Various shipper councils in different countries require this document while
vehicle importation. CTN is requested by Customs to importers for clearance of
cargo.
All documents related to cargo must have CTN number if shipped under CTN. The
CTN number must be provided to the ocean carrier at the loading port for addition in
the manifest and Bill of lading. Cargo traveling by sea must be issued with a CTN
before departure by an approved agent.

Documents:
Documents which are required during shipments through air cargo are as follows
1. Invoice
2. Packing List
3. Certification of Origin
4. Dangerous Goods Declaration
5. Air Waybill (MAWB & HAWB)

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 6. House Cargo Manifest
7. Export Goods Declaration
8. Customs Release Export
9. Air Cargo Security Declaration
10. Air Cargo Flight Manifest
11. Export Cargo Declaration
12. Import Cargo Declaration
13. Import Goods Declaration
14. Custom Release Import

Conclusion:
In our digital age, the list of customer expectations that every business needs to
provide just keeps getting longer and at a time when people use GPS tracking
systems on their smartphone to find everything from the nearest gas station to their
favorite restaurant this kind of logistics is something they expect.
So, the Track & Trace is very important for the organizations as well to ensure the
safety of cargo because now a days they deal with valuable cargo so they should
have to implement track & trace on it to secure from any risk which leads them to
any penalty. It also represents an extra layer of security for each shipment, and it’s
one of many reasons why cargo tracking is becoming an integral part of the logistics
industry. Businesses can also monitor the condition of the cargo during transport,
including when their packages depart and arrive in key locations, which offers
increased peace of mind for both the company and the customer.

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