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Kisdat Batubara
Kisdat Batubara
Coal
Kimia Sumber Daya Alam Tropis
(Peat)
Ash 5-15% Lignite
Bituminous coal Time,Coal
Temperature
H2O 2-20% Rank
Anthracite
VM 20-45% (Graphite)
Different forms of coal
Lignite Peat
Comparing forms of coal
Carbon Heat value Use Comments
content (MBTUs / lb)
Peat <60% 8 Home Not quite coal
heating
Lignite 60-70% 4.0 - 8.3 Electrical gen. Least mature form
of coal, geologically.
May contain 70%
water
Sub- 71-77% 8.5 - 13 Electrical gen. Found mainly in
bituminous western U.S.
Sources: http://www.ket.org/trips/coal/agsmm/agsmmtypes.html
http://www.purdue.edu/discoverypark/energy/assets/pdfs/cctr/outreach/Basics8-CoalCharacteristics-
Oct08.pdf
Some carbon compounds
are “volatile”
Driven off when coal heated >950oC
(1742oF)
Some components condense to form
oils and tars when cooled.
More in lignite & sub-bituminous,
less in anthracite.
Coals divided into 22 classes based
on volatiles
How is coal created?
From special form of fossilization of
plants that lived hundreds of millions of
years ago.
Carbon in bodies not decomposed
http://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/images/coal_rank_white_med.jpg
Geology of coal
http://www.scienceclarified.com/Ci-Co/Coal.html
http://www.bucknell.edu/x17745.xml
Coal deposits worldwide
http://www.kuzka.org.tr/ContentDownload/HV3W5Boyabat_Sinop_Komur_ithalati_Analizi.pdf
Recoverable coal reserves
worldwide
http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=2930
JUTA TON
12
Russia
100 Mt
Canada
Europe & S.Korea
4Mt China
102 Mt Japan
N.Americas Mediteranean
230 Mt
8Mt 220 Mt 143 Mt
35Mt 10Mt
Taiwan
India SE Asia 71 Mt
66 Mt
Columbia 122 Mt
83 Mt
S. Africa
Australia
76 Mt Indonesia 182 Mt
371 Mt
16
Source : IEA, “Southeast Asia Energy Outlook”, World Energy Outlook Special Report 2013
KUALITAS BATUBARA INDONESIA
(Umumnya Kalori Medium dan Rendah)
Low Rank (<5100 kal/gr ADB ) Low Rank (<5100 kal/gr ADB )
Medium Rank (5100 - 6100 kal/gr ADB ) Medium Rank (5100 - 6100 kal/gr ADB )
High Rank (6100 - 7100 kal/gr ADB ) High Rank (6100 - 7100 kal/gr ADB )
Very High Rank (> 7100 kal/gr ADB ) Very High Rank (> 7100 kal/gr ADB )
17
KALIMANTAN PAPUA
Aceh Selatan
18.74 bt Berau
Maloy
Riau SULAWESI
0.23 bt
Padang Jambi Balikpapan MALUKU
0.002 bt
PAPUA
SUMATRA Sumsel Adang
Bengkulu Taboneo 0.15 bt
12.66 bt
Batu Licin
Lampung
Sungai Danau
JAVA
0.01 bt
http://cenvironment.blogspot.com/2012_04_01_archive.html
Drawbacks
Terrestrial impacts
Habitat destruction
Aquatic impacts
Abandoned mine http://republicanherald.com/polopoly_fs/
drainage
Atmospheric impacts
Particulates
Sulfur
Greenhouse gases
http://klemow.wilkes.edu/images/AMD_stream.gif
Utilizing Coal
Direct
Coal + Hydrogen (H2) Linear + Ring Type
Hydrocarbons ( CxHy Catalyst )
Indirect
Gasification: Coal + Oxygen + Steam
Syngas (H2 + CO)
Syngas Conversion: H2 + CO Linear
Hydrocarbons (CxHy) or Chemicals
Direct Coal Liquefaction
Hydrogenation