WORLD UNIVERSITY

OF BANGLADESH

E - WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN

DHAKA CITY
A project report submitted to the World University of Bangladesh in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for award of the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

Submitted by

Sourae Mridha
ID No: WUB 10/16/69/5310
Md. Al Hojayfa Joni
ID No: WUB 10/17/70/5375

Supervisor
Sagor Kumar Podder
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering

Submission Date: December 2020

i
 CONTENTS Page

Letter of Transmittal iv
Declaration v
Certification vi
Acknowledgement vii
Abstract viii
Abbreviation ix
List of Tables x
List of Figures xi
List of Photos xii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION Page
1.1 Background 13
1.2 Objective of this study 13
1.3 Possible outcome 13
1.4 Introduction to E-Waste 14
1.4.1 Definition of E-Waste 14
1.4.2 Classification of E-Waste 14
1.4.2.1 According to the WEEE directive: 14
1.4.2.2 Classification according to Source of E-Waste 14
1.4.3 Chemical Elements In E- Waste 14
1.5 Organization of this thesis 15
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW Page
2.1 Introduction 16
2.2 Concept 16
2.3 Over cap of the review of literature 17
2.4 Summery literature review theory and concept 17
2.5 Synthesis 18
2.6 Analytical Framework 18
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY Page
3.1 Introduction 19
3.2 Methodology 19
3.3 Survey Area 19 - 20
3.4 Main Source of E Waste 20
3.5 Collection of E-Waste 21
3.5.1 Collection by street hawkers 21
3.5.2 Collection by scavenger (Tokai) 21
3.6 Primary Waste Accumulation Shop 21
3.7 Secondary E-Waste Accumulation Shop 22

ii
 3.7.1 Secondary e-waste accumulation market in Elephant Road & IDB bhobon 22 - 23
3.7.2 Secondary e-waste accumulation market in kodomtoli, Jinjira. 23 - 24
3.8 Recycling Process 24
3.8.1 Storage 24
3.8.2 Landfill and Incineration 25
3.8.3 Re-use 25
3.9 Mapping of E-Waste Recycling Process 25 - 26
3.10 Awareness level of the involved people in e-waste management 26

CHAPTER IV
RESULT ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS Page
4.1 Introduction 27
4.2 Result 27
4.2.1 Estimation of e-waste from direct survey 27
4.3 Awareness level of people involved in e-waste management 28
4.4 Source of e-waste information 28
4.5 Environmental & Health Impact Due To E-Waste Disposal 29
4.6 Slogan for E - Waste 29
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusions 30
5.2 Recommendations 30

REFERENCES 31
APPENDIX QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY 32
Repairing shop 32
Vangari shop (secondary accumulation shop) 32
Secondary Vangari shop 32
Secondary market 32

iii
 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
Date: 13 - 11 - 2020

To,
Sagor Kumar Podder
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
World University of Bangladesh
Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh.

Subject: Submission of project report on “E-Waste Management Systems In

Dhaka City.

Sir,
We are hereby pleased to submit herewith the project report on “E - Waste Management
Systems In Dhaka City”. It is a great pleasure for us to work on such an important topic
under your guidance .The project work was done as per instructions and according to the
requirements of the World University of Bangladesh.

We attempted our best to develop the project work and we appreciate for your kind
cooperation effort provided to us. We assure you all kind of assistance in interpreting any
part of the thesis paper whenever necessary.

Sincerely yours

Sourae Mridha
ID No: WUB 10/16/69/5310

Md. Al Hojayfa Joni

ID No: WUB 10/17/70/5375

iv
 DECLARATION

It is stated that the thesis work on “E - Waste Management Systems In Dhaka City”
has been performed under the supervision of Sagor Kumar Podder Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, WUB, Dhaka. To the best of our knowledge and belief,
the thesis contains no material previously published or written by another except where
due reference is made in it itself.

We further under take to identify the university against any loss or damage arising from
breach of the foregoing obligation.

Sourae Mridha
ID No: WUB 10/16/69/5310

Md. Al Hojayfa Joni

ID No: WUB 10/17/70/5375

v
 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that the project report on “E - Waste Management Systems In Dhaka
City” is the genuine record of project Work done by Sourae Mridha. (ID: WUB
10/16/69/5310). Md. Al Hojayfa Joni. (ID: WUB 10/17/70/5375) in partial fulfillment
of the requirements of the

Degree of B.Sc. in Civil Engineering from the World University of Bangladesh (WUB).

This Thesis work has been carried out under my guidance and is a record of a successful
work.

Sagor Kumar Podder

Supervisor

……………………………
Signature of the supervisor
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
World University of Bangladesh

vi
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The project work on “E - Waste Management Systems In Dhaka City”. has been
conducted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in
Civil Engineering. The completion of this work has become possible for us due to
unconditional help and co-operation in different ways from many people.

We would like to express our gratefulness flanks to them for their best co-operation they
have rendered. We are grateful to Professor Dr. Abdul Mannan Choudhury, Honorable
Vice Chancellor of the World University of Bangladesh for such opportunity for us to
pursue studies in acquiring the degree of B.Sc.in Civil Engineering.

We wish to express our sincere appreciation and heartiest gratitude to our supervisor,
Sagor Kumar Podder, Assistant Professor, World University of Bangladesh for his
continuous invaluable suggestions, patient hearing and giving sufficient time for
discussions and guidance and continued encouragement throughout the progress and
preparation of this Project work.

The authors feel extremely privilege to thank the most respected teacher, Professor Dr.
SM Shirazi, CEng, Head of the Department of Civil Engineering, World University of
Bangladesh for his proper guidance and encouragement in this work.

The authors like to give special thanks to the most respectable teacher, Professor A.F.M.
Abdur Rauf, Advisor, Department of Civil engineering, World University of Bangladesh,
for his proper guidance encouragement in this Project work.

Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to all of our teachers of the University for
their cooperation and dedicated teaching towards the achievement of the degree of
B.Sc.in Civil Engineering. The cooperation and assistance of all the officers and staff of
the World University of Bangladesh are boasting fully acknowledged.

Author

vii
 ABSTRACT

Now-a-days, Electronic waste (e-waste) is one of fastest growing pollution problem for
environment and as well as threaten human body due to its presence in variety of toxic
substances as its disposal system are not properly managed. This study helps to quantify
the existing generation rate, health, and environmental impacts of e-waste. A structured
questionnaire has been processed in Dhaka and existing literature was reviewed. In Dhaka, a
large number of electronic waste are generated but its subsequent handling, reuse,
recycling and disposal are not properly handled and can cause significant environmental
and health hazards. At present, there is lack of awareness about the hazards of electronic
waste in Dhaka. The electronic waste may reuse, broken down into parts or disposed of
completely. The present informal practice of recycling is not carried out safely and it
becomes a danger to human health and the surrounding environment. This paper will
share the management system of electronic disposal items and trend of usage of electronic
equipments. It will also share what hazards have been created from this electronic waste,
what are the present dumping practices and what rules are there in place for dumping. It
will also identify the level of awareness regarding e-waste and to determine a way to
reduce environmental hazards.

Keyword: E-waste, Collection System, Recycling, People Awareness.

viii
 ABBREVIATIONS
WUB World University of Bangladesh
EEE Electronic and Electrical Equipment
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
NGO Non Governmental Organization
PC Personal Computer
PVC poly vinyl chloride
WEEE Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment
WHO World Health Organization

ix
 LIST OF TABLES

CHAPTER I Page
Table 1.1 Name of different electronic devices containing different chemical elements 14

CHAPTER II
Table 2.1 Summery literature review theory and concept 17

CHAPTER III
Table 3.1 Selected areas for the collection of e-waste related information 20
Description of damaged electronic products in Elephant road & IDB
Table 3.2 22
bhobon
Description of the fully damaged electronic products in Elephant road & IDB
Table 3.3 23
bhobon
Table 3.4 Detail information of shop owner in Elephant road & IDB bhobon 23
Table 3.5 Monthly collection of different types of e-waste in kodomtoli, Jinjira 23
Table 3.6 Different elements of a Television and their selling prices 24
Table 3.7 Different elements of a dismantled refrigerator and their selling prices 24
Information related to health condition and awareness level of workers
Table 3.8 26
(Our Questionnaire Field Survey)

CHAPTER IV
Table 4.1 Estimation of e-waste in Dhaka city from our direct survey 27
Table 4.2 Source of e-waste information 28

x
 LIST OF FIGURES

CHAPTER II Page

Figure 2.1 Flow chart For Analytical Framework 18

CHAPTER III

Figure 3.1 Flow Chart of Research Methodology 19

Figure 3.2 Surveyed areas in Dhaka city (Red marked) 20
Figure 3.3 Flow Chart Main Source of E - Waste 20
Figure 3.4 Flowchart Mapping Of E-Waste Recycling Process 25
Figure 3.5 Flowchart Recycling Every Year In Bangladesh 26

CHAPTER IV

Figure 4.1 Flowchart Estimation of e-waste in Dhaka city 27

Figure 4.2 Graphical presentation on health condition and awareness level of 28
workers
Figure 4.3 Source of e-waste information 28

xi
 LIST OF PHOTOS

CHAPTER III Page

Photo 3.1 Waste collected by street hawkers (Sample From Internet) 21
Photo 3.2 Scavengers collecting e-waste from dustbins and nearby drains 21
(Sample From Internet)
Photo 3.3 Vangari shop (Our Field Survey) 22
Photo 3.4 Dismantling e waste in kodomtoli, Jinjira (Our Field Survey) 22
Photo 3.5 Electronic good repairing shops in elephant road & IDB bhobon 23
(Our Field Survey)
Photo 3.6 Different shops in kodomtoli, Jinjira (Our Field Survey) 24

CHAPTER IV

Photo 4.1 Environmental & Health Impact Due To E-Waste Disposal 29

Photo 4.2 Slogan for E - Waste 29

xii
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background:
Bangladesh’s economy grew by 8.20% in the real GDP in 2019.For boosting up
economic growth Present government is also committed to build an ICT-based society.
These demands have created a circumstance of increasing amounts of locally produced
electronics products and increasing demand for re-using these products. Equipment is
largely refurbished and recycled in semiformal and informal sectors. Reuse or recycling
or of equipments and as well as dumping are creating risk these days. These electronic
wastes might can cause environmental and health hazards. Proper attention needs to be
paid to the informal e-waste dismantling sector so that in future it does not become a
threat to the country. In this regard proper quantification of e-waste, advance and
sophisticated waste collection and disposal system, logistics and legal frame work and a
technical solution need to be developed and implemented. An informal sector for
dismantling in house e-waste has already been established in Dhaka city. In some areas of
Dhaka especially Kodomtoli, Jinjira hundreds of people are dismantling e-waste. The
study has been conducted to effectively bridge the gaps in understanding the knowledge
of electronic scraps and its recycling technology.

1.2 Objectives of This Study:

To provide a better understanding of the current process of e-waste management in Dhaka
city the following objectives would be fulfilled in this study.
 To identify the current situation of domestic e-waste in Dhaka city.
 To identify the e-waste hotspots in Dhaka city on the basis of direct interview with
the people involved in collection and further distribution of end of life electronic
equipments or their damaged part from several major outlets (Elephant road and
IDB) of Dhaka city.
 To map the e-waste recycling process in the informal sectors of Dhaka city. This
includes identification of the route of collection, dismantling and disposal of
domestic e- waste in the city.
 To understand the awareness level of the actors involved in the management of
domestic e-waste mostly for home appliances.

1.3 Possible outcome:

 It is expected that e-waste management system is to protect the environment and for
the health and safety of the population.
 Develop Public awareness about e-waste.
 Conserve Ecosystem and Biodiversity.
 To achieve e-waste reduction strategies to prevent environmental pollution.

13
1.4 Introduction to E-Waste:
1.4.1 Definition of E-Waste
There is no standard definition of e-waste. Some international organization has derived e-
waste definitions that are as follows:
E-waste is a popular, informal name for electronic products nearing the end of their
"useful life." Computers, televisions, VCRs, stereos, copiers, and fax machines are
common electronic products. Many of these products can be reused, refurbished, or
recycled.
1.4.2 Classification of E-Waste
1.4.2.1 According to the WEEE directive
 Large household appliances (ovens, refrigerators etc)
 Small household appliances (toasters, vacuum cleaners etc)
 Office &communication appliances (PCs, printers, phones, faxes etc)
 Entertainment electronics (TVs, LCDs, portable CD players etc.)
 Lighting equipments (mainly fluorescent etc.)
 E-tools (drilling machines, electric lawnmowers etc)
 Sport & leisure equipments (electronic toys, training machines etc.)
 Medical appliances and instruments
1.4.2.2 Classification according to Source of E-Waste
Electronic waste is generated by three major sectors in a country.
 Individuals and small businesses
 Large businesses, institutions, and governments
 Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).
1.4.3 Chemical Elements In E- Waste
Electronic devices Chemical elements
Solder, CRT Monitors (Lead in glass), Lead-acid battery Lead
Solder Tin
Copper wire, Printed circuit board tracks Copper
Nearly all electronic goods using more than a few watts of
Aluminium
power (heatsinks)
Steel chassis, cases & fixings Iron
Glass, transistors, ICs, Printed circuit boards Silicon
Nickel & cadmium rechargeable batteries Nickel-cadmium
Lithium-ion battery Lithium
Plating for steel parts Zinc
Connector plating, primarily in computer equipment Gold
Smoke alarms (radioactive source) Americium
1950s & 1960s transistorized electronics (transistors) Germanium
Lead-acid battery Sulphur
Steel, plastics, resistors. In almost all electronic equipment Carbon
Fluorescent tubes (numerous applications), tilt switches
Mercury
(pinball games, mechanical doorbells)

Table 1.1: Name of different electronic devices containing different chemical elements

14
1.5 Organization of This Thesis:
Chapter 1: This chapter includes background, objectives and Possible outcome,
Introduction to E-Waste, Definition, Classification & Chemical Elements of E-Waste,
Organization of This Thesis.
Chapter 2: This chapter includes the literature review of the study.
Chapter 3: This Chapter includes the methodology, investigation and detailed survey of
the study.
Chapter 4: Presents analysis on results obtained in this study and a general discussion on
the findings of this study
Chapter 5: Identifies precious conclusions and provides a number of recommendations
for future studies.
References: Provides a list of relevant publications and reports, which may be useful for
any future study in this context.
Appendices: Provides questions that asked in questionnaire survey and tables.

15
 CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction:

Literature review that is identifies the problem and its gravity and intensity. The
following section presents an overview of some relevant studies of e-waste. Several
books and publications have been accessed to help in this study. These books,
publications, and articles serves as the theoretical background of the research.

2.2 Concept:
1) The awareness of public towards e-waste management is low explained by Farhana
Chowdhury at (2014) in their published Thesis book “Assessment of Electronic Waste
Management Systems in Dhaka City”. The study argued that maximum consumers
were not aware of the accurate way to treat e-waste and for government and
institution promises were low as stern and regular enforcement were lacking. Besides,
informal sector plays a major role while low-cost machinery and manual segregation
was prominent. The research recommended methodical policy and guideline of e-
waste management in developing countries requires to be improved to achieve best
practices in e-waste management.

2) A study conducted by Arif Reza, (2011) on E-Waste management in Bangladesh:

Present Trend and Future Implication. The study suggests that to prepare e-waste
legislation, increase awareness, establish recycling plants, and formulate extended
Producers Responsibility (EPR), registration of producers, separation of garbage,
Incentives.

3) Research performed by Mahbub Alam and Khalid Md. Bahauddin, (2015) on

Electronic Waste In Bangladesh: Evaluating the Situation, Legislation and Policy and
Way Forward with Strategy and Approach. The study found that the integration of e-
waste into the national development agenda, the establishment of national e-waste
database systems, the establishment of a phased national informal sector e-waste
register with the purpose of registering and formally recognizing and tracking the
informal sector.

4) E-waste management in Bangladesh researched by three renowned scholars M. H.

Rahman, A. Al-Muyeed, and Zuene Aziz, (2014). The research revealed that
regulatory agencies needs set up in each district, to prepare comprehensive law that
provides e-waste regulation and management and proper disposal of hazardous
wastes, enforce strict regulations against dumping e-waste, to adopt polluter pays
principle and extended producer responsibility, encourage and support NGOs and
private sector to solve the problem.

16
2.3 Over cap of the review of literature:

Due to the fact that these authors have personal view of their respective topic, their
theories were adapted into this study in the manner that it meets the study objectives,
purpose, and mission. Furthermore, they were help in understanding and structuring the
investigative questions and observations conducted during the field trip. Discretion and
carefulness were implemented so as to maintain objective of the thesis, while explaining
and providing the necessary and important information.

2.4 Summery literature review theory and concept:

Researcher Article Major Findings/ Observation

1) The research recommended
methodical policy and guideline of
e-waste management in developing
countries requires to be improved
Assessment Of Electronic
Farhana to achieve best practices in e-waste
Waste Management
Chowdhury management.
Systems In Dhaka City
2) Investigation on different recycling
industries.
3) Effective to estimate the degree of
environmental pollution.
1) To prepare e-waste legislation,
increase awareness, establish
E-Waste management in recycling plants, and formulate
Arif Reza Bangladesh: Present Trend extended Producers
and Future Implication 2) Responsibility (EPR), registration of
producers, separation of garbage,
Incentives
Electronic Waste In 1) Integration of e-waste into the
Bangladesh: Evaluating the national development agenda
Mahbub Alam
Situation, Legislation and 2) Establishment of national e-waste
and Khalid Md.
Policy and Way Forward database systems
Bahauddin
with Strategy and 3) Register informal sector of e-
Approach waste
1) To prepare comprehensive law that
provides e-waste regulation and
management
M. H. Rahman, A.
E-waste Management in 2) Enforce strict regulations against
Al-Muyeed, and
Bangladesh dumping e-waste
Zuene Aziz
3) To adopt polluter pays principle
4) Extended producer responsibility
(EPR)

Table 2.1: Summery literature review theory and concept

17
2.5 Synthesis:
Based on above review of literature, the present study primarily focus on the following
aspect of e-waste management.
 Develop door to door informal collection system
 Shared responsibility or consumer participation
 Regulated e-waste collection system
 Strengths and incorporate more accountable in collection system
 Lack of awareness is concern

2.6 Analytical Framework:

The study based on the following analytical framework which argues that e-waste
management is significantly affected by Institutional preparedness, legal framework and
citizens’ awareness.

Citizens’
Awareness

E-waste
Management

Legal Institutional
Framework Framework

Figure 2.1: Flow chart For Analytical Framework

18
 CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction:
Human dependency on electronic products is increasing exponentially to cope up with the
latest science and technology. These products are making life easier and increasing
human efficiency. Bangladesh though a developing country of the third world, the use of
electronic products is also increasing here. This chapter introduces e-waste generation,
collection, recycling system and its effect on environment and human health in
Bangladesh.
3.2 Methodology:
Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the method applied to a field of
study. It comprises the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles
associated with a branch of knowledge.

METHODOLOGY

Selection of Survey Area

Source of E Waste

Collection of E-Waste

Data Analysis

Recycling Process

Result & Discussion

Figure 3.1: Flow Chart of Research Methodology

3.3 Survey Area:

Selection of a suitable area for collecting data was the first task to perform this study. So
a reconnaissance survey was performed in Dhaka city. From the survey results, some
specific areas were selected where e-waste recycling related works is going on. The areas
listed in Table 3.1 were selected depending on the types of information collected, which
are also shown in Figure 3.2.

19
 S.I Area Related information
BCS computer City,
1 Sales center of new electronic products (Computer)
IDB bhobon
2 Elephant road Sales and repair shop of electronic products
3 Kodomtoli,Jinjira Repairing Shop, Battery, Copper Wier etc.
Table 3.1: Selected areas for the collection of e-waste related information.

BCS computer
City, IDB
bhobon

Elephant road

Kodomtoli,Jinjira

Figure 3.2: Surveyed areas in Dhaka city (Red marked)

3.4 Main Source of E Waste:

From the survey are the main sources of e-waste in Dhaka city Shown in the figure.

Main Source of E - Waste

Home:- Hospitals:- Government:- Private Sectors:-

 Pc  PC  PC  PC
 Television  Monitors  CPU  Boilers
 Radio  ECG Device  FAX machine  Mixer
 Cell Phones  Microscope  Xerox machine  Signal
 Washing Machine  Incubator  Scanner  Generators
 Microwave oven  etc  Fan  Incubator
 CD player  Tube Lights  etc
 Fan  Air Conditions
 Electric Iron

Figure 3.3: Flow Chart Main Source of E - Waste

20
3.5 Collection of E-Waste:
Collection of e-waste should be the task of City Corporation. But unfortunately there is
no response of the authority to collect and properly recycle e-waste. Even there is no
correct information of how much e-waste is generated in Dhaka city per day and where
they are going. The fact is that the workers of City Corporation who are responsible to
collect daily waste from roads and roadside dustbin separate e-waste and sell those to
Vangari shops. E-waste generated at households and repairing shops is collected by street
hawkers. On the other hand e-waste from dustbins is collected by scavengers (tokai).

3.5.1 Collection by street hawkers

Street hawkers as shown in photo 3.1 are doing a great job in collecting e-waste in initial
stages.

Photo 3.1: Waste collected by street hawkers (Sample From Internet)

3.5.2 Collection by scavenger (Tokai)

Scavenger whose local name is Tokai collects waste material from roads, roadside
dustbins etc as shown in photo 3.2.

Photo 3.2: Scavengers collecting e-waste from dustbins and nearby

drains (Sample From Internet)

3.6 Primary Waste Accumulation Shop:

Vangari business is the local name of the business which deals with damaged, unusable
materials and products. The elements of this business are paper of all kinds, carton, any
kinds of plastics, metal, glass, battery etc. E-waste is also a part of them. Internal view of
a Vangari shop has shown in photo 3.3.

21
 Photo 3.3: Vangari shop (Our Field Survey)
3.7 Secondary E-Waste Accumulation Shop:
There are also some shops situated in Elephant Road which only deal with damaged
electronic products. These are the main hotspots of e waste in Dhaka city.

Photo 3.4: Dismantling e waste in kodomtoli, Jinjira (Our Field Survey)

3.7.1 Secondary e-waste accumulation market in Elephant Road & IDB bhobon
Elephant road & IDB bhobon is also a large secondary e-waste accumulation market in
Dhaka city. Most of the people in Dhaka come to Elephant road & IDB bhobon to repair
their computer and computer parts.
Purchase price Selling price of
Repair
Number of of damage damage product
SHOP Type of product /month
damaged product (tk) after repair (tk) Full
NO (No)
product Full set set
Computer
1 60 - 70 15 – 20 1500-3000 3000-5000
accessories
Computer &
2 70-80 30-35 2000-3500 2000-6000
laptop
Monitor &
3 100-110 70-80 1200-2500 3000-4000
accessories
4 Computer laptop 45-50 30-35 1300-1700 1700-3000
5 Monitor, laptop 65-85 25-35 1000-2500 1500-4000

Table 3.2: Description of damaged electronic products in Elephant road & IDB bhobon

22
 E- products Average wt (kg) Purchase price(tk) Selling price(tk)
CRT Monitor 15 - 20 500-1000 600-2000
CPU 7 - 10 1500-2500 2000-4000
Power supply 5-6 100-400 500-1500
UPS 7 50-200 300-500
IPS 7-8 150-300 400-700
Printer 9 700 700
Scanner 1 300 500
DVD ROM 3 150 400
CD ROM 2 100 300
Hard disc 12 120 600
Mother board 4 200-400 400-600
Ram 1 50 100
Table 3.3: Description of the fully damaged electronic products in Elephant road & IDB bhobon

Average Educational No of year in Awareness

Profession
age(yr) background this business regarding of e-waste
Business full
28 Primary 5 No
time
Table 3.4: Detail information of shop owner in Elephant road & IDB bhobon

Photo 3.5: Electronic good repairing shops in elephant road & IDB bhobon
(Our Field Survey)

3.7.2 Secondary e-waste accumulation market in kodomtoli, Jinjira

These shops mainly deal with second hand televisions and DVD players etc. Most of the
e-waste comes here from houses, offices and hawkers.

Quantity per Selling price (tk) after

E product Buying price(tk)
month repairing
Refrigerator 10 1200-1500 2500-3000
Television 7 500-700 1000-1500
Monitor 15 300-400 1200-1500
Table 3.5: Monthly collection of different types of e-waste in kodomtoli, Jinjira

23
 Different Parts of a Number or average Average selling price(tk) of
Television wt (kg) fully damage product
Picture tube 3(pc)
With coil 8(pc)
Circuit 20(pc)
30 - 40/KG
Iron mesh 9(pc)
Plastic 10-15 KG 20-25/KG

Table 3.6: Different elements of a Television and their selling prices

Different parts of a Selling price(tk)

Average wt (kg)
refrigerator after repairing
Gorda (local term) 18-20 20/kg
Cock sheet 1-2 0
Compressure 7-8 700-800
Foam 6-7 0
Plastic 13-15 10-15/kg
Copper 2 300/kg
Tin 1 0
Aluminum 0.5 250/kg
Rubber 0.5 0

Table 3.7: Different elements of a dismantled refrigerator and their selling prices

Photo 3.6: Different shops in kodomtoli, Jinjira (Our Field Survey)

3.8 Recycling Process:
Electronics waste, commonly known as e-waste, is the trash we generate from broken,
and obsolete electronic devices. Electronics contains various toxic and hazardous
chemicals and materials that are released into the environment if we do not dispose of
them properly. E-waste or electronics recycling is the process of recovering material from
old devices to use in new products.
3.8.1 Storage
Consumers have, on average, surprising 2-3 obsolete computers in their garages, closets
or storage spaces. They often hang on to them in hopes that they will be worth something
to someone someday.

24
3.8.2 Landfill and Incineration
It is thought that most households and small businesses that dispose rather than store their
obsolete electronic components send their material to landfills or incinerators rather than
take them to recyclers.
3.8.3 Re-use
Re-use makes up as small percentage of the computers that have been discarded by their
users. These computers are later sold in very small numbers at some recycling stores or
are given to schools, or non-profit organizations. School districts that used to accept older
computers though, now demand more recent generation computers for training students.
Foreign markets, on the other hand, have such cheap labor forces that they can buy
working and non-working old computers, repair them at very little cost, and resell them
for a profit.

3.9 Mapping of E-Waste Recycling Process:

Accumulation of e-waste in Dhaka city is mainly vangari shop oriented. Most of the
house hold e-waste directly go to the nearby vangari shops through hawkers and
sometimes from dustbin through scavengers. These are the primary e-waste collection
centers. These shops sell the collected waste to the secondary accumulation places.
Institutional or organizational e-waste directly goes to the secondary accumulation places.
Electronic repairing shops are a large source of e-waste. The entire cycle of recycling is
shown in figure 3.4

Sales center Fully damaged part

(New/old PC) thrown to dustbin

Return of Up Tokai or
gradation Scavengers

Customers of Customers of
new pc damaged product

Bhangari shop
Wastage or (damaged parts Illegally sent to
are broken into
damaged product abroad
pieces)

Plastic Glass factory

manufacturing
industry

Figure 3.4: Flowchart Mapping Of E-Waste Recycling Process

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 Recycling Every Year In Dhaka City
Computers

7% Mobile Phone
17%

30% CEL Bulbs

20%
Mercury Bulbs

10% 5%
Thermometers
9%

Others Medical & Dental

2% Waste
Ship Breaking Yards

Figure 3.5: Flowchart Recycling Every Year In Dhaka City

3.10 Awareness level of the involved people in e-waste management:

A questionnaire survey among the workers involved in the e-waste management sectors is
performed. The summary of the survey are shown in the table 3.8

1 Age 15-25yrs
2 Educational qualification Primary
3 Daily working hour 8-12 hr
4 Monthly salary (Tk) 8000-12000Tk
5 Work experience in this sector 3-5 yrs
6 % of people faced accident during working 40%
7 % of people agree to spend money for safety measures 85%
8 % of people already adopted safety measures 40%
9 % of people became seriously ill during working 25%

Table 3.8: Information related to health condition and awareness level of workers
(Our Questionnaire Field Survey)

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 CHAPTER IV
RESULT ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Introduction:
This chapter demonstrates the results obtained from the questionnaire survey. We started
our survey and observation at Dhaka's three-place (IDB bhabon, Elephant road &
Kodomtoli, jinjira) according to the E waste management system produce. We have had
to face many difficulties to finish our thesis in this COVID-9 pandemic situation. Because
our main thesis work is interview basis .But we did not stop our work to reach the goal at
the time of survey. When we did the survey, we faced some difficulties. Some people
were not cooperative to us. Some people took it positively and sometimes negatively and
they told that it has no benefit the result will be zero‖. Those who were not concern about
this they took it negatively. A fresh group people helped us in our work and whatever we
asked by answering our question and giving some suggestion they co- operated us.

4.2 Result:
4.2.1 Estimation of e-waste from direct survey
From direct survey to the different areas of Dhaka city how many amount of e-waste
generated in our survey time is given in the table 4.1

Area No of e-waste /month Weight in kg

IDB bhabon 26500 175000
Elephant road 5000 83000
Kodomtoli, jinjira 550 10000
Total 32050 268000
Table 4.1: Estimation of e-waste in Dhaka city from our direct survey

Estimation of e-waste in Dhaka city

300000

250000

200000

150000 No of e-waste /month

100000 Weight in kg

50000

0
Elephant road Kodomtoli, jinjira Total

Figure 4.1: Flowchart Estimation of e-waste in Dhaka city

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4.3 Awareness level of people involved in e-waste management:
As people involved in e-waste management are mostly illiterate they don’t have much
idea of health hazards of toxic substances present in e-waste. They rarely adopt any
personal safety measures for example hand gloves, gas masks, safety goggles and boots
during dismantling of e-waste. Nor even they are concern about the environment
pollution. Figure 4.2 shows awareness level of the people directly involved in this sector
their health status as well as their concern regarding e-waste.

Survey on health condition & awareness of

workes
% of People faced accident during working
% of People became seriously ill during…
% of People agre to sped money for …
No
% of People agre to sped money for …
Yes
% of People already adopted safety…
% of People aware of existence of toxic…

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Figure 4.2: Graphical presentation on health condition and awareness level of workers
4.4 Source of e-waste information:
Our total information we collect from different ways. But we collect most of our
information from our field survey. Below is a full description of how much information
we got and where we got it from.
Source Quantity
Our Field Survey 70%
Sample From Internet 20%
Books & Journals 5%
Others 5%
Table 4.2: Source of e-waste information

Source of e-waste information

80% 70%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30% 20% Quantity
20%
10% 5% 5%
0%
Our Field Survey Sample From Books & Journals Others
Internet

Figure 4.3: Source of e - waste information

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4.5 Environmental & Health Impact Due To E-Waste Disposal:
The processes of dismantling and disposing of electronic waste lead to a number of
environmental impacts. Liquid and atmospheric releases end up in bodies of water,
groundwater, soil, and air and therefore in land and sea animals both domesticated and
wild, in crops eaten by both animals and human, and in drinking water.

Photo 4.1: Environmental & Health Impact Due To E-Waste Disposal

4.6 Slogan for E - Waste:

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Photo 4.2: Slogan for E - Waste
 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusions:
Now a day’s e-waste management is a major concern in developing country like
Bangladesh. A high use of information and communication technology is contributing
significantly in the country’s economic growth. One of the weaknesses in ICT technology
is that it is developing very quickly. As a result old technologies are replacing new
technology regularly and rapidly. This in turn is creating a huge volume of obsolete
products which are left mostly untreated and adding volumes of e-waste. Finally the
following conclusions can be drawn:

 The Bangladesh produced 42,000 tons of e-waste last year. But we did not find
any information about how much amount of electronic waste generate in Dhaka.
 Hawkers and scavengers are the main collectors of e-waste in the root level. IDB
bhabon is the largest secondary e-waste accumulation centers in the city. Besides
that there are very few areas in Elephant Road, Kodomtoli, jinjira where e- wastes
are accumulated and dismantled.
 It is found in the study that most of the recycler does not have modern technology
and knowledge for managing e-waste. Their main goal is extracting some metal
but not properly manage e-waste and contaminating the environment and
producing waste.
 Workers involved in Dhaka's electronic waste management have no safety
awareness at all.

5.2 Recommendations:
Proper attention needs to be paid to the informal e-waste dismantling sectors so that in
future it does not become a threat to the country. For the following recommendations can
be considered.
 Classify the e waste category and composition.
 Detect potential toxic substances.
 Identify the reusable component of e-wastes.
 Develop E-waste policy & guideline with consultation with the relevant
stakeholders.
 Establish efficient collection system at least for selected electronic waste.
 Registration and capacity development of E-waste recyclers.
 Introduction of Environmental Management System in E-waste sector.
 Establish E-waste tracking mechanism in order to update the inventory.
 Awareness raising.

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 REFERENCES

1) Collection by street hawkers picture -

https://www.dhakatribune.com/opinion/special/2018/02/15/treasure-trash-e-waste-
recycling-bangladesh.
2) Collection by scavenger picture -
https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=224334.
3) Environmental & Health Impact Due To E-Waste Disposal picture:-
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-018-3626-2.
4) Main Book http://lib.buet.ac.bd:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/710.
5) Survey areas in Dhaka city Selected in Google Maps
https://www.google.com.bd/maps?hl=en&tab=rl&authuser=0.
6) Shop Name:-Best Electronics, Address: Kodomtoli Mor, Jinjira, Dhaka, Phone:
01777-794798
7) Shop Name:-Computer Source Ltd. (IDB Branch), Address: 233, IDB Bhaban,
BCS Computer City, Agargaon, Dhaka 1207, Phone: 01713-365210
8) Shop Name:- Binary Logic, Address: Shop No. 247 & 248 2nd floor, BCS
Computer City, IDB Bhaban, Dhaka 1207, Phone: 01611-449778
9) Slogan for E - Waste:- https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6966673.

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 APPENDIX
QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY
Repairing shop:
1) What types of electronic products come?
2) What types of electronic parts need to replace frequently?
3) What category and amount of e-waste normally stored for sale?
4) Where and when the e-waste is transferred from repairing shops?
5) What are the selling prices and quantity of different component of e-waste?
6) To who e-waste is sold and from where they come?

Vangari shop (secondary accumulation shop):

1) What amount of e-waste is collected per day?
2) What are the buying price and selling price and quantity of e-waste?
3) What kinds of problems normally faced in Vangari business?
4) What types of diseases the workers suffer from while working in vangari shops?
5) What are the conditions of environment in vangari shops?
6) Where do the owner of the vangari shop sale the useable electronic products?

Secondary Vangari shop:

1) What are the buying price, selling price and quantity of e-waste of those
categories?
2) What types of diseases the workers suffer from while working in secondary
vangari shops?
3) What are the conditions of environment in secondary vangari shops?

Secondary market:
1) How the electronic products are collected?
2) What category and amount of electronic products normally stored for sale?
3) What are the buying/selling prices of different categories of electronic products?
4) Where the completely damaged parts are transferred?

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