Webinar Intro To Data Analytics SQL Fundamentals

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❏ What Is SQL?
Workshop ❏
❏
Why SQL?
SQL Syntax Introduction
Rundown
❏ SQL Practice
❏ Frequently Asked Questions
❏ Further Resources
The Data Ecosystem
Data Is Created Data Analysts

Interactions with a
product, service, or identify patterns in
the internet by user. Stakeholders
large volumes of data
request info or have
and report insights
questions they want
answered
Data Engineers
gather, store, Executives, Board Data Scientists
and structure Members, Managers specialize in
incoming data algorithms and
predictive modeling
Skillset
Spreadsheets
Basic Critical
Programming Thinking
and Stats
Data Analyst
Business Intel
SQL
Tools
Presentation
&
Communication
What Is SQL?
❏ Structured Query Language
❏ Usually pronounced like the
word “sequel”
❏ Communicates with databases
to manage data
Who Uses SQL?
Used Across The Board

❏ Fortune 500 companies, small
businesses, online stores
❏ Data analytics, data science,
web and app development
Database Systems
Program that allows business to work with database

via user interface
❏ Oracle DB - online transaction processing
❏ MySQL - free, popular with small businesses
❏ Microsoft SQL Server - Windows-based
❏ PostgreSQL - free, popular with tech startups
SQL Syntax
Database Setup
SQL Schema SQL Playground
❏ Open the SQL Schema file

❏ Select All (Control + A), and
copy it (Control + C)
❏ Open the SQL Playground link - DB Fiddle
❏ Change the Database dropdown to: PostgreSQL v9.6
❏ Paste (Control + V) the SQL schema into the
left-hand side of the Playground (Schema SQL)
Database Databases are typically arranged in tables
Tables ➔ Columns and rows represent data
rows
books
id title author year
1 Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince J. K. Rowling 2005

columns
2 Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen 1813
3 The Da Vinci Code Dan Brown 2003

SQL Statements: Most common SQL command
SELECT FROM ➔ Retrieves data from a table

➔ We specify column(s) to include
Syntax: Example:
SELECT column_list SELECT title, year
FROM table_name FROM books
SQL Statements: Example:
SELECT FROM SELECT title, year

FROM books
books

SELECT FROM SELECT title, year

FROM books
result
title year
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince 2005
Pride and Prejudice 1813
The Da Vinci Code 2003

SQL Statements:
WHERE
Syntax:
Filters relevant results
SELECT column_list
➔ Returns only results that FROM table_name
meet the condition WHERE condition
WHERE SELECT *
FROM books
books WHERE year > 2000

WHERE SELECT *
FROM books
WHERE year > 2000
result

SQL Statements:
AND/OR/NOT
Used with WHERE clause to ﬁlter
based on multiple conditions Syntax:
➔ AND displays ALL that are true SELECT column_list
➔ OR displays ANY that are true FROM table_name
➔ NOT displays ALL that are NOT WHERE condition1 OR condition2 OR condition3
true
AND/OR/NOT SELECT title, author

FROM books
WHERE year > 2000 AND year < 2004

AND/OR/NOT SELECT title, author

FROM books
WHERE year > 2000 AND year < 2004
result
title author
The Da Vinci Code Dan Brown

SQL Statements:
GROUP BY
Syntax:
Groups database records and SELECT column_list
aggregates information, i.e.: FROM table_name
➔ Average (AVG) GROUP BY column1,column2
➔ Maximum (MAX)

SELECT genre, AVG(year) AS avg_year
GROUP BY FROM books
GROUP BY genre
books
result
id title year genre sub_genre
genre avg_year
1 Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince 2005 fiction fantasy
fiction 1974.571
2 Pride and Prejudice 1813 fiction novel
non-fiction 1958.125
3 The Da Vinci Code 2003 fiction mystery
SQL Statements:
ORDER BY
Syntax:
Sorts the result set
SELECT column_list
➔ Ascending (default) FROM table_name
➔ Descending (DESC) ORDER BY column1, column2 ASC|DESC
ORDER BY SELECT *
FROM books
result
books ORDER BY year DESC
book_id
id title
title author
author year
year
1 HarryPotter
Harry Potterandand
the the Half-Blood
Half-Blood Prince Prince J. K.
J. K.Rowling
Rowling 2005
2005
3
2 The Da
Pride andVinci Code
Prejudice Dan Brown
Jane Austen 2003
1813
2
3 Pride
The and Prejudice
Da Vinci Code JaneBrown
Dan Austen 1813
2003
Relational Tables
➔ Tables in the database are related based on unique keys
books
reviews
id title author
book_id average_rating
1 Harry Potter and the J. K. Rowling
Half-Blood Prince 1 4.7
2 Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen 2 4.5
3 The Da Vinci Code Dan Brown 3 4.5

SQL Statements: ➔ Combines data from two

JOIN ON tables based on unique key
Syntax:
SELECT column_list
FROM table_name
JOIN second_table ON table_name.key_column = second_table.key_column
Example:
SQL Statements: SELECT b.title, r.average_rating
JOIN ON FROM books AS b

JOIN reviews AS r ON b.id = r.book_id
books
reviews
book_id average_rating
1 Harry Potter and the J. K. Rowling 2005

1 4.7
Half-Blood Prince
2 4.5
3 4.5

SELECT b.title, r.average_rating
JOIN ON FROM books AS b
JOIN reviews AS r ON b.id = r.book_id
result
title average_rating
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood 4.7

Prince
Pride and Prejudice 4.5
The Da Vinci Code 4.5

Real Analysts Use Google... A Lot!

SQL Challenge!
Bikeshare Challenge
❏ You are a part of a team analyzing bikeshare usage in the Bay Area.
❏ Data on stations, trips taken, and the weather at those stations have
been compiled.
❏ Your task: Use data to answer questions to better understand
bikeshare usage
Challenge: Database Setup

SQL Schema SQL Playground
❏ Open the SQL Schema file

❏ Select All (Control + A), and
copy it (Control + C)
❏ Open the SQL Playground link - DB Fiddle
❏ Change the Database dropdown to: PostgreSQL v9.6
❏ Paste (Control + V) the SQL schema into the
left-hand side of the Playground (Schema SQL)
Table Name: weather

Table Name: trips
Challenge:
date
trip_id
*temperature_f
Database duration
start_date
*dew_point
Structure start_station
*humidity
*sea_level_pressureIn
Table Name: stations start_terminal
*visibility
name end_date
*wind_speed_mph
lat end_station
precipitation_in
long end_terminal
cloud_cover
dockcount bike_id
events
city subscriber_type
wind_dir_degrees
installation zip_code
zip
“*” indicates that there are columns for min, mean, and max values for this indicator
Challenge Level:
Beach Cruising
Write SQL queries to pull the following information:

❏ List all of the station names alphabetically
❏ Find all of the ids and durations of trips with a duration longer
than 500 minutes ordered by decreasing duration
❏ Identify all of the trips that the bike with bike_id 450 completed,
listing start_dates and start_stations in ascending order
Challenge Level:
Road Race
❏ What is the average number of docks at all stations?
❏ Which zip code has the highest average maximum precipitation?
❏ Which station was the most popular destination? How many trips
ended at this station?
❏ For each starting station, list the average trip duration by
descending duration (BONUS: add the city)
Challenge Level:
Tour de France

❏ Find the average temperature and average rainfall of the three
most popular cities for all “Subscribers”
❏ What were the five longest trips on rainy days?
Challenge Answers
Use the link below to check your work

after you’ve attempted the challenges.
Solutions to SQL Challenges
?
Common Questions
You might also be wondering

❏ What are the outcomes of your students
for this field?
❏ How do I show my work to a potential
employer?
❏ Is this course entirely online?
❏ What should I do from here?
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Industry Overview Applied Examples FAQ’s Take Action!

Our students learn in-demand industry

Let’s get started.

The Data Ecosystem

Data Is Created Data Analysts

Who Uses SQL?

Used Across The Board

Program that allows business to work with database

❏ Open the SQL Schema file

Database Databases are typically arranged in tables

Tables ➔ Columns and rows represent data

id title author year

1 Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince J. K. Rowling 2005

2 Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen 1813

3 The Da Vinci Code Dan Brown 2003

SQL Statements: Most common SQL command

SELECT FROM ➔ Retrieves data from a table

SQL Statements: Example:

SELECT FROM SELECT title, year

id title author year

1 Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince J. K. Rowling 2005

2 Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen 1813

3 The Da Vinci Code Dan Brown 2003

SQL Statements: Example:

SELECT FROM SELECT title, year

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince 2005

Pride and Prejudice 1813

The Da Vinci Code 2003

SQL Statements: Example:

books WHERE year > 2000

id title author year

1 Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince J. K. Rowling 2005

2 Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen 1813

3 The Da Vinci Code Dan Brown 2003

SQL Statements: Example:

id title author year

1 Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince J. K. Rowling 2005

3 The Da Vinci Code Dan Brown 2003

➔ AND displays ALL that are true SELECT column_list

➔ OR displays ANY that are true FROM table_name

SQL Statements: Example:

AND/OR/NOT SELECT title, author

id title author year

1 Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince J. K. Rowling 2005

2 Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen 1813

3 The Da Vinci Code Dan Brown 2003

SQL Statements: Example:

AND/OR/NOT SELECT title, author

The Da Vinci Code Dan Brown

Groups database records and SELECT column_list

aggregates information, i.e.: FROM table_name

➔ Average (AVG) GROUP BY column1,column2

SQL Statements: Example:

SQL Statements: Example:

2 Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen 2 4.5

3 The Da Vinci Code Dan Brown 3 4.5

SQL Statements: ➔ Combines data from two

JOIN ON FROM books AS b