What is Corrosion?

Corrosion is when an extremely refined metal such as iron or copper returns to a more
chemically stable form. These forms are most often oxides, hydroxides, and sulphates. It
gradually degrades the metal in question to a weaker substance. This type of damage
typically produces oxides or salts of the original metal and leaves behind a distinct orange
discolouration.

As the metal corrodes, the

structural integrity of the object
is often compromised. Take steel
as an example, a common
material in construction. In the
image on the right, we see as
steel begins to oxidize, cracks
form in the steel bar, and visible
stains and products from the
corrosion. Corrosion negatively impacts the reliability of exposed pipes, bolts, gears as well
as many other objects.

How can we prevent metals from corroding and therefore damaging our infrastructure?
There are a few techniques used to restrict the wear of metals. A chemical substance known
as a corrosion inhibitor, as
the name suggests, prevents
the corroding of substances.
It is applied to water and
gases. Its effectiveness
depends on what the fluid is
composed of, the amount of
fluid, and how it flows.

Another way to prevent corrosion is to use a metal that does not react with oxygen. A prime
example of this is stainless steel, a metal used in culinary, architectural, and surgical
applications. Stainless steel is the reason why spoons and forks do not rust. Its corrosion-
proof properties are because of its chromium (Cr) and other alloy elements such as nickel
(Ni). The application of stainless steel is often the most common way of preventing
corrosion.