Instrumentation Home Work

1. What are transducers, how are they used in electronic measurements?

2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of analogue and digital type of oscilloscopes
3. Of what use are signal generators in electronic instrumentation, What are the basic
requirements of an oscillatory circuit?
4. To interface a computer to the analogue world, it is necessary to digitize the analogue
signal, describe the elements required to accomplish an analogue to digital conversion.
5. What is modulation, why is it necessary for signal transmission?
6. For what reasons would frequency modulation be a preferred choice for transmission?
7. A strain gauge is bonded to a beam which is 12 cm long and has a sectional area of
3.8cm2. The untrained resistance and gauge factor of the strain gauge are 220 Ω and 2.2
respectively. On the application of load, the resistance of the gauge changes by 0.015 Ω.
If the modulus of elasticity for steel is 207 GN/m2, calculate: i the change in length of the
steel beam. ii the amount of force applied to the beam.
8. A CRT has an anode voltage of 2 kV and parallel deflecting plates 2 cm long and 5 mm
apart. The screen is 30 cm from the center of the plates. The input voltage is applied to
the deflecting plates through amplifiers having overall gain of 100. Find the input voltage
required to deflect the beam through 3 cm.
9.
10. Determine the maximum and minimum frequency of oscillation of a Wien bridge
oscillator circuit having a resistor of 10 kΩ and a variable capacitor of 1 nF to 1000 nF
11. One Colpitts oscillator circuit has two capacitors of 10 pF and 100 pF respectively
connected in parallel with an inductor of 10 mH. Determine the frequency of oscillation
of the circuit.

12. An analogue to digital converter (ADC) measures voltages in the range of 0 to 25 V and
has 12-bit accuracy. What is the smallest voltage step that the ADC can resolve?
13. A 6-bit D/A converter having 320 kW resistances is in LSB position. The converter is
designed with weighted resistive network. The reference voltage is 10 V. the output of
the resistive network is connected to an OP-AMP with a feedback resistance of 5 kW.
What is the output voltage for a binary input of 111.010?

14. A Sinusoidal carrier frequency of 1.2MHz is amplitude modulated by a sinusoidal voltage of

frequency 20KHz resulting in maximum and minimum modulated carrier amplitude of 110V &
90V respectively.

Calculate
i. frequency of lower and upper side bands
ii. Unmodulated carrier amplitude
iii. Modulation index
 iv. Amplitude of each side band.

15. The total Power content of an AM signal is 1000W. Determine the power being
transmitted at carrier frequency and at each side bands when modulation percentage is
100%.
16. Calculate the percentage power saving when one side band and carrier is suppressed in an
AM signal with modulation index equal to 1