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Science 11
Quarter 3, Wk1 - Module 1
Types of Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruptions

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Science- Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3, Wk 1 - Module 1: Types of Volcanoes and Volcanic
Eruption
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de

OroSchools Division Superintendent: Roy AngeloL. Gazo, PhD.,CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Author/s: Annie Rose A. Dela Cruz, Teacher II
Janice L. Gorres, Teacher I
Reviewers: Pamela C. Salazar, MT I,
Juliet L. Abrinica, MT II
Evelyn P. Waperi, MT II

Illustrator and Layout Artist: Chris T. Sagarino and May D. Arapoc

Management Team
Chairperson: Roy Angelo E. Gazo, PhD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent
Co- Chairperson: Nimfa R. Lago, PhD, CESE
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Members: Henry B. Abueva OIC-CID Chief

Ann Q. Solijon, EPS-Science
Sherlita L. Daguisonan, LRMS Manager
Meriam S. Otarra, PDO II
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Department of Education – Division of Iligan City
Office Address: General Aguinaldo, St., Iligan City
Telefax: (063)221-6069
E-mail Address: iligan.city@deped.gov.ph
 9
Science
Quarter 3, Wk.1 - Module 1
Types of Volcanoes and Volcanic
Eruptions

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by select teachers, school heads, Education Program Supervisor in Science
of the Department of Education- Division of Iligan City. We encourage
teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback,
comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education- Iligan City
Division at iligan.city@deped.gov.ph or Telefax: (063) 221-6069.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

This page is intentionally blank
 Table of Contents

What This Module is About........................................................................................................................i

What I Need to Know...................................................................................................................................i
How to Learn from this Module................................................................................................................ii
Icons of this Module....................................................................................................................................ii

What I Know..................................................................................................................................................iii

Lesson 1:
Types of Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruptions
What I Need to Know......................................................................................................1
What’s In.............................................................................................................................2
What’s New........................................................................................................................3
What Is It.............................................................................................................................6
What’s More......................................................................................................................9
What I Have Learned......................................................................................................10
What I Can Do..................................................................................................................12

Summary........................................................................................................................ 13
Assessment: (Post-Test)............................................................................................... 14
Key to Answers........................................................................................................................................16
References.................................................................................................................................................19
What This Module is About

In Grade 8, you have learned about the relationship between the occurrence of
earthquakes and the location of the Philippines along the Ring of Fire. Due to its location,
the Philippines has many volcanoes.
This module will guide you through the study of volcanism in the Philippines. Enjoy
learning the lesson on Types of Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruptions.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Describe the different types of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions (S9ES -IIIa-25).
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
 What I Know (Pretest)
I. Multiple Choice: Read the statements carefully. Choose the BEST answer. Write
the letter of your answers on the space provided before each number.
______1. What is a volcano?
A. The movement of the Earth’s crust when plate boundaries move.
B. A mountain created by the faulting and folding of the Earth’s crust.
C. A cone- shaped mountain formed by erupting lava, ash and gases.
D. A landform which has a summit but without a crater.
______2. What is meant by volcanic eruption?
A. It is a sudden violent shaking of the ground, causing great destruction.
B. It happens when hot lava, ash and gases are discharged from a
volcanic
vent.
C. It happens when the plate edges of the Earth’s crust move downward
or sideways.
D. It is a region deep within the Earth’s mantle from which heat rises.

______3. The following are factors affecting the viscosity of the magma EXCEPT
A. amount of dissolved gases contained in the magma
B. chemical composition of magma
C. size of the volcano’s crater
D. temperature of magma

______4. Identify factor that affects the viscosity of the magma as shown in the
figure.A. high silica content
B.low gas content
C. low temperature of magma
D. high temperature of magma

______5. Which type of volcanoes have broad bases and steep sides, usually have
a large crater at the top and are formed by alternating layers of magma andash?

A. cindercones C. compositevolcanoes
B. shield volcanoes D. calderas

______6. What type of volcano is formedby the pileup of non-viscous lava that oozes
out from the volcano?
A. shield volcano B. composite volcano C. cinder cone D. geyser

______7. Which of the following is an example of a shield volcano?

A. Paricutin Volcano B. Mount Mayon C. Mauna Loa D. Krakatoa
B. the most abundant of the three major volcano types.

______8.Taal Volcano in Batangas is an example of what type of volcano?

 A. cindercones B. composite C. shield D. lava spire

______9. Mt. Mayon is an exampleofa volcanobecause .

A. cinder cone, it is formed exclusively ofpyroclasts.
B. composite,itiscomposedofalternatinglayersofpyroclasticfragments
and solidified lavaflows
C. shield, it is constructed of solidified lavaflows
D. caldera,itwascreatedwhenthesummitwasblownoffbyexplodinggases

______10.The picture on the right shows what type of volcanic eruption?

A. plinian B.phreatic C. strombolian D.phreatomagmatic
______11. Which type of volcanic eruption is very explosive?
A. phreatic B. plinian C. vulcanian D. strombolian

______12. Which type of volcanic eruption is the least violent?

A. phreatomagmatic B. plinian C. vulcanian D. strombolian

______13. Paricutin Volcano in Mexico erupted last February 20, 1943. What kind of
volcanic eruption was Paricutin Volcano?
A. phreatomagmatic B. plinian C. vulcanian D. strombolian

______14. Mount Pinatubo erupted last April 2, 1991. What kind of volcanic eruption
was Mt. Pinatubo?
A. plinian B.phreatic C. strombolian D.vulcanian
______15. Eruptions caused by the interaction of water into heated magma is called:
A. plinian B. phreatic C. strombolian D. vulcanian
 Types of Volcanoes and
Lesson Volcanic Eruption
1
Volcanoes come in a variety of cone shapes and eruption types. There are
three common volcanic cone shapes namely: shield, composite and cinder cones.
On the other hand, there are five types of volcanic eruptions with different features:
phreatic, phreatomagmatic, strombolian, vulcanian and plinian.

What I Need to Know

At the end of the module, you will be able to:

1. Define a volcano and a volcanic eruption.

2. Identify the factors that affect the viscosity of the magma.
3. Describe the following:
A. Types of volcanoes according to shape.
B. Types of volcanic eruption.
 What’s In?
Activity 1. Volcano Crossword (20 minutes)

Complete this activity. Use the word bank below.

pyroclastic magma tephra volcano cone lava vent
summit slope base crater caldera gases chamber

1
2
A 3 A
4 5
6

7 8
E
9
1 1 1
0 1 2

1
3

A
1
4
E
E
E

Across
2 the lowest supporting layer of a volcano
6 opening in the earth’s crust from which lava, ash, and hot gases are
ejected during an eruption
7 passage way for magma flowing up during a volcanic eruption
11 rock fragments and gases erupted by a volcano
13 a large volcanic crater, especially one formed by a major eruption
14 released by an erupting volcano in a form of water vapor

Down
1 a term after a hot material erupts from a volcano and reaches the earth’s
surface.
3 the sides or flanks of a volcano that radiate from the main or central vent
4 hill-shaped landform that forms around a volcano
5 highest point of a volcano
 8 particles and fragments ejected by a volcanic eruption
9 molten materials beneath the earth’s crust
10 liquefied by heat
12 it is where magma is collected when the volcano is not yet going to erupt
13 mouth or opening of a volcano
Congratulations! You made it! The terms in the puzzle are very important because
you will encounter them in the next activities and discussions.

What’s New

Volcanoes are fascinatingbut even with their majestic natural beauty, they can
cause destruction to properties and harmful effects to our environment like the ones
that happened in the Philippines many years ago. We also have learned about the
relationship between the occurrence of earthquakes (that may happen after a
volcanic eruption) and the location of the Philippines along the Ring of Fire, which
made our country a home to many volcanoes.
Let us start this module by gathering your insights about volcanoes. To find
out, let’s do the following activity.

Activity 2. Volcanoes: FACT or BLUFF? (10 minutes)

Directions: Verifyyourideasaboutvolcanoesusingthe STATEMENTS below. Under

the EXPECTATION column, encircle thehappy face( ) in the box if you think the
statement is afact and a sad face( ) if you think the statement is a bluff.

EXPECTATION STATEMENTS
1. All volcanoes arecone-shaped.
2. Volcanoes are found only on land.
3. A volcano has an opening at the top (or in some case, on the sides)
4. Hot thick cloud of gas, molten rocks and ash come out of a
volcano’sopening.
5. All volcanoes erupt violently.
6. If a volcano does not produce lava, it is not dangerous.
7. Volcanoes are described according to their shape and type of
eruption.
8. A volcanic eruption happens when there is an earthquake beneath
the earth’s crust.
9. The pressure of dissolved gas building up in the magma causes a
volcanic eruption.
10. Volcanoes only erupt straight up through the top vent and not on the
sides.
Question:
 Which of the statements above
a. shows what happens in a volcanic eruption? _____
b. identifies the factor that causes a volcanic eruption? _____
c. show how the types of volcanoes are described? _____
Activity 3. Introduction to Volcanoes(20 minutes)

Objective:
Define a volcano and a volcanic eruption.

Direction: Read the information about volcanoes. Use the word bank to fill in the
paragraphs below.
volcano underwater mountain volcanic eruption crust viscosity

A (1) ______ is an opening

in the Earth’s (2) _______
through which lava, ash, and
gases escape onto the surface.
When these materials oozes out
of the opening, thus, a(3)
___________ happens.
Earthquakes may occur during a
volcanic eruption which begins
deep inside the Earth where the
heat is so high and is able to melt
the rock underground. Molten
rock called magma which also contains dissolved gases, silica, and other materials
rise through the cracks in the Earth’s crust. When it reaches the surface, it is called
lava. The property of the magma or lava’s resistance to flow is called (4)
______.Lava with less silica content has low viscosity and flows freely allowing gas
bubbles to escape readily. Lava with more silica content is more viscous (high
resistance to flow) thus trapped gases cannot escape easily.
Most of the Earth’s volcanoes are found (5) _______. When a volcano
originates deep in the ocean, the lava drops back into the ocean floor slowly building
up a (6) _______. After many years, the mountains in the oceans reaches the earth’s
surface
and becomes an island.

Questions:
1. What is a volcano?
_______________________________________________
2. What is a volcanic eruption?
________________________________________
3. What materials oozes out when a volcano erupts? _____, _____, _____,
_____

The next activity will let you discover about the behavior of the magma as it
forces its way up onto the Earth’s surface.

Activity 4. They Affect Me A Lot!!!! (10 minutes)

Objective:
Identify the factors that affect the viscosity of magma.
Directions: Infer the factor that affects the viscosity of the magma as shown in the
illustration. Use the choices below and write it on the blank.
(high temperature, low gas content, high silica content)

__________________1.
__________________2.

__________________3.

4. What are the factors affecting the viscosity of the magma?

Activity 5. Oh! What Volcano Am I?(30 minutes)

Objective:
Describe the different types of volcanoes according to the shape of their cone.

Directions: Underline the type of volcano on the first column. Then fill in the
statements by using the word bank below.
broad, warrior’s shield steep, wide almost, uniform

Shape of volcanic cone Statements

It has _______slope and

1. (shield, composite, cinder) _______ crater.

The cone has

______________sides.

2. (shield, composite, cinder)

3. It is slightly_______ -
structured cone and looks like
(shield, composite, cinder) a _______.

Question:
Which do you think is the most attractive volcanic cone? _____________. Why do
you say so?
What Is It

What is a volcano and a volcanic eruption?

A typical volcano usually has a summit, slope, and base. At the summit, there
is an opening which may either be a crater or a caldera. A crater is a funnel-shaped
opening at the top of a volcano while a caldera is formed when a part of the wall
collapses after an explosive eruption.Volcanoes are described according to its type
of eruption and cone shape.
Volcanic eruption happens when magma, gases and other molten materials
are discharged from the opening. Since volcanic eruptions are caused by magma
expelled onto the earth’s surface, we must first identify the factors that affect the
viscosity of the magma.

Factors Affecting the Viscosity of the Magma

Viscosity is the property of the material’s resistance to flow. The more

viscous and thicker the magma is, the greater is its resistance to flow.

1.Temperature

The higher the temperature of

magma, the lower is its viscosity. As lava
flows, it travels far before it begins to
harden. On the other hand, if the
temperature of magma is lower, the higher is its viscosity so the lava does not travel
far.

2.Chemical composition

Magma with high silica content is more

viscous than those with low silica content. It is
too viscous so it does not travel far, and tends
tobreak up as it flows.
The magma that contains
less silica is relatively fluid, so it
travels far before solidifying.

3. Amount of dissolved gases it contains.

 Whenmagma has high
amount of gas (mainly water vapor),
lava flow is less viscous and
increases its ability to flow.
Magmahas high viscosity when it
has low amount of gas as it rises.
The ability of the lava to flow decreases, soit piles up at a vent resulting into a
columnar or a dome.
Types of Volcanoes

After a volcanic eruption, a cone-shaped structure may be produced. Its slope

also changes.The following are the three (3) general types of volcanoes according to
the shape of their cones:

Shield volcanoes are formed by the

pileup of non-viscous lava that oozes out from the
volcano. Since lava can flow freely, a broad,
slightly domed structure is formed that resembles
like a warrior’s shield. Mauna Loa Volcano in
Hawaii is an example of this type.

Composite volcanoes are formed due to

alternating solidification of both lava and
pyroclastic deposits which makes it nearly a
perfect sloped structure. Pyroclastic flows occur
when these volcanoes erupt. Mount Saint Helens
in Washington, Mt. Vesuvius in Italy and Mt.
Mayon in the Philippines are examples of this
type.

Cinder cones are formed from alternating ejected

lava fragments andash. They have a steep slope, wide
crater on top and are the most abundant of the three
major volcano types. Although small, they are also
destructive since they release high amounts of pyroclastic
materials. Mt. Paricutin in Mexico which has erupted in
1943, Taal Volcano in Batangas are examples of this
type.

Types of Volcanic Eruptions

Volcanoes erupt differently and not all of them are violent. Magma can
explode from the vent, or it can flow out of the volcano. In addition to the top vent,
magma and gas may escape through cracks and weak areas on the sides of the
volcano. Aside from lava, pyroclastic flows, ash clouds and mudflows(lahar) can be
extremely dangerous.The levels of silica and dissolved gases in the magma
determine whether a volcano erupts explosively or not.

a. Phreatic or hydrothermal – is a steam-blast small

eruption as hot rocks heat the ground water or surface
water. This eruptiontears down surrounding rocks and
can produce ash columns, but do not include new
magma. Taal Volcano which erupted last January 12,
2020 is an example of this type.

b. Phreatomagmatic - a violent and explosive eruption

resulting from the interaction of new magma or lava with
water. It results to a large column of very fine ash, high-
speed and sideway emission of pyroclastics.

c. Strombolian- least violent type of explosive eruption

characterized by a fountain of lava fragments. Eruptions
are weak to a little more violent which has thicker lava
flows and small explosions.

d. Vulcanian - small to moderate explosive eruptions

characterized by tall columns that reach up to 20km high
with pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra. They have larger
explosions of rocks and ashes which rise in dark clouds
lasting for seconds to minutes. Paricutin Volcano
eruption in Mexico is an example of this type.

e. Plinian - excessively explosive type of

eruption of gas and pyroclastics like that of
Mount Pinatubo eruption in 1991. The
explosive eruptions, lasting for seconds to
minutes have 20 to 35 km tall gas, rock
particles and ash columns.
 What’s More
Activity 6. Types of Volcanic Eruptions:(30 minutes)

Objective: Describe the types of volcanic eruptions.

Direction: Fill in the table below. Some example answers are given.
Pictures of Volcanic Eruption Type of Volcanic Brief Description
Eruption
1. 2.

Plinian 3.

4. - a violent eruption due to

the contact between
water and new magma.

Phreatic 5.
 6. - characterized by tall
eruption columns that
reach up to 20km high
with pyroclastic flow and
ashfall tephra

Question: What is the difference between strombolian from a plinian eruption?

What I Have Learned

Activity 7. Revisiting Volcanoes: FACT or BLUFF? (10 minutes)

Now that you have a deeper understanding of volcanoes,it’stimetogobacktothe

statements you filled up in the first part of thismodule. This time in the RESPONSE
COLUMN, encircle thehappy face( )in the box if the statement is a fact and a
sad face( )if the statement is a bluff.

STATEMENTS RESPONSE
2. All volcanoes arecone-shaped.
2. Volcanoes are found only on land.
3. A volcano has an opening at the top (or in some case, on the sides)

4. Hot thick cloud of gas, molten rocks and ash come out of a
volcano’sopening.
5. All volcanoes erupt violently.
6. A volcano is not dangerous if it does not produce lava.

7. Volcanoes are described according to their shape and type of eruption.

8. A volcanic eruption happens when there is an earthquake beneath the

earth’s crust.

9. The pressure of dissolved gas building up in the magma causes a

volcanic eruption.
10. Volcanoes only erupt straight up through the top vent and not on the
sides.

Did you notice any change in the boxes you answered from the EXPECTATION
column to the REACTION column?
This time, copy the wrong statements(BLUFF), then rewrite the correct
statements(FACT). Use the worksheet below (20 minutes). You may use separate
sheets if necessary.
Wrong Statements Correct Statements

Activity 8. Concept Mapping (30 minutes)

Accomplish the concept map by using the word bank to fill in the blank boxes.
magma composition vulcanian shield temperature of magma strombolian

molten rock, ash, and gases escape onto the Earth’s surface amount of gases in magma plinian

phreatomagmatic composite cinder cone phreatic both land and underwater

What I Can Do
Yourgoalinthissectionis to apply what you have learned about volcanoes
and volcanic eruptions.
Youwill be given a practical task which will demonstrate yourunderstanding.
Activity 9.It’s Fun in Camiguin (60 minutes)

Read the situation below and follow the directions for the task you will do in this
section.
Hibok-Hibok Volcano (also known as Catarman volcano), located on the
island of Camiguin, is one of the volcanoesinthePhilippines. Given that you are
the mayor of the town to where the volcano is situated, how would you promote
tourism industry in this place?
Use the planning process for a successful tourism project, present it by
making a travel flyer/advertisement (use a short bond paper). Shown below is a
sample flyer template. You can create your own design/template. Your
flyer/advertisement will be graded based on the rubric on the following page.

15 points 10 points 5 points

Graphics/ Most of the graphics Several portion of the No graphics made.

Originality used in the graphics used in the
Does not show any
flyer/advertisement flyer/advertisement
(20%) creativity.
shows exceptional shows minimal
creativity. creativity.
 Content/ Four (4)accurate facts/ Three (3) accurate Two(2) accurate
Accuracy information guide( e.g. facts/ information facts/ information
cone shape, eruption guide( e.g. cone guide( e.g. cone
(60%)
type and other shape, eruption type shape, eruption type
interesting features and other interesting and other interesting
like observatories that features like features like
detect and forecast observatories that observatories that
volcanic activity) are detect and forecast detect and forecast
displayed on the volcanic activity) are volcanic activity) are
flyer/advertisement. displayed on the displayed on the
flyer/advertisement. flyer/advertisement.

Attractiveness The The The

flyer/advertisement is flyer/advertisement is flyer/advertisement is
(20%)
exceptionally attractive attractive in terms of less attractive in
in terms of design and design and layout. terms of design and
layout. layout.

Have fun!
Howdidyoufindtheperformancetask?Howdidmaking a
flyer/advertisementtaskhelpyousee the real world on volcanoes?

Summary
A volcano is a natural opening in the surface of the Earth
where moltenrocks, hot gases, smoke, and ash areejected. The viscosity of
the magma depends on three factors,namely:
a. Temperature
b. Composition
c. Amount of gas
They are described accordingto

a. type of eruption- phreatic, phreatomagmatic, strombolian,

vulcanian or plinian
b. shape of volcanic cone – as shield, cinder, orcomposite

Assessment: (Post-Test)
II. Multiple Choice: Read the statements carefully. Choose the BEST answer. Write
the letter of your answers on the space provided before each number.
______1. What is a volcano?
A. A cone- shaped mountain formed by erupting lava, ash and gases.
B. A landform which has a summit but without a crater.
 C. A mountain created by the faulting and folding of the Earth’s crust.
D. The movement of the Earth’s crust when plate boundaries move.
______2. What is meant by volcanic eruption?
A. It happens when hot lava, ash and gases are discharged from a volcanic
vent.
B. It happens when the plate edges of the Earth’s crust move downward or
sideways.
C. It is a region deep within the Earth’s mantle from which heat rises.
D. It is a sudden violent shaking of the ground, causing great destruction.

______3. The following are factors affecting the viscosity of the magma EXCEPT
A. temperature of magma
B. size of the volcano’s crater
C. chemical composition of magma
D. amount of dissolved gases contained in the magma

______4. Identify factor that affects the viscosity of the magma as shown in the
figure.A. high silica content
B. high temperature of magma
C.low gas content
D. low temperature of magma
______5. Taal Volcano in Batangas is an example of what type of volcano?
A. composite B. cindercone C. shield D. lava spire
______6. Which type of volcanoes have broad bases and steep sides, usually have
a large crater at the top and are formed by alternating layers of magma andash?
A. calderas B. composite C. shield D. cindercones
______7. Mt. Mayon is an exampleofa volcanobecause .
A. cinder cone, it is formed exclusively ofpyroclasts.
B. composite,itiscomposedofalternatinglayersofpyroclasticfragments
and solidified lavaflows
C. shield, it is constructed of solidified lavaflows
D. caldera,itwascreatedwhenthesummitwasblownoffbyexplodinggases
______8. A volcano is formedby the pileup of non-viscous lava that oozes out from
the volcano is called _____.
A. geyser B. composite volcano C. cinder cone D. shield
volcano

______9. Which of the following is an example of a shield volcano?

A. Paricutin Volcano B. Mount Mayon C. Mauna Loa D. Krakatoa

______10. Eruptions caused by the interaction of water into heated magma is called:
A. vulcanian B.plinian C. phreatic D. strombolian
______11.The picture on the right shows what type of volcanic eruption?
 A. plinian B.phreatic C. strombolian D.phreatomagmatic

______12. Which type of volcanic eruption is the least violent?

A. phreatomagmatic B. plinian C. strombolian D. vulcanian

______13. Which type of volcanic eruption is very explosive?

A. vulcanian B. plinian C.phreatic D. strombolian

______14. Mount Pinatubo erupted last April 2, 1991. What kind of volcanic eruption
was Mt. Pinatubo?
A. vulcanian B.phreatomagmatic C. strombolian D.plinian

______15. Paricutin Volcano in Mexico erupted last February 20, 1943. What kind of
volcanic eruption was Paricutin Volcano?
B. phreatomagmatic B. plinian C. vulcanian D. strombolian

Key to Answers

What I Know (Pretest)

1. C 6. A 11. B
2. B 7. C 12. D
3. C 8. A 13. C
4. D 9. B 14. A
 5. A 10. C 15. B
What’s In?
Activity 1. Volcano Crossword
Down Across
1. lava 2. base
3. slope 6. volcano
4. cone 7. vent
5. summit 11. pyroclastic
8. tephra 13. caldera
9. magma 14. gases
10. molten
12. chamber
13. crater
What’s New
Activity 2. Volcanoes: FACT or BLUFF?
EXPECTATION Column
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

a. statement number 4
b. statement number 9
c. statement number 7
Activity 3. Introduction to Volcanoes
1. volcano
2. crust
3. volcanic eruption
4. viscosity
5. underwater
6. mountain
Answer to Questions:
1. A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust through which lava, ash, and
gases escape onto the surface.
2. A volcanic eruption is an event that happens when molten materials oozes
out of the opening.
3. Materials include lava, ash, gases, silica etc.

Activity 4. They Affect Me A Lot!!!!

1. high silica content
2. high temperature
3. low gas content
4. temperature, gas content, silica content

Activity 5. Oh! What Volcano Am I?

1. cinder steep, wide
 2. composite almost, uniform
3. shield broad, warriors shield
Answer to Question: (Answers may vary)

What’s More
Activity 6. Types of Volcanic Eruptions:
1. Strombolian
2. - least violent type of explosive eruption
3. - excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastics
4. Phreatomagmatic
5. - a steam-blast eruption as hot rocks heat the ground water or surface
water
6. Vulcanian
Answer to Question:
Strombolian is the least violent type of explosive eruption of lava fragments
while Plinian is excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastics.

What I Have Learned

Activity 7. Revisiting Volcanoes: FACT or BLUFF?
RESPONSE Column
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

Wrong Statements Correct Statements

1. All volcanoes arecone-shaped. 1.It comes in different shapes according to how it is
formed.
2. Volcanoes are found only on land. 2.It is not only found on land, but mostly
underwater.
5. All volcanoes erupt violently. 5.Not all volcanoes erupt violently. The levels of
silica and dissolved gases in the magma determine
whether a volcano erupts explosively or not.
6.In reality, pyroclastic flows, ash clouds and
6. If a volcano does not produce lava, it is
not dangerous. mudflows(lahar) can be extremely dangerous.
8. A volcanic eruption happens when 8.An earthquake may occur when there is a
there is an earthquake happening volcanic eruption.
beneath the earth’s crust.
10.Volcanoes only erupt straight up 10.Magma and gas may escape through cracks
through the top vent and not on the and weak areas on the sides of the volcano in
sides. addition to the top vent.
Activity 8. Concept Mapping
1. molten rock, ash, and gases escape onto the Earth’s surface
2. both land and underwater
 3. cinder cone
4. shield in any order
5. composite
6. temperature of magma in any order
7. magma composition
8. amount of gases in magma
9. phreatic
10. phreatomagmatic in any order
11. strombolian
12. vulcanian

13. plinian

What I Can Do
Activity 9. It’s Fun in Camiguin
(Scores/grades will be based on the Rubric)
Assessment: (Post-Test)
1. A 6. D 11. C
2. A 7. B 12. C
3. B 8. D 13. B
4. B 9. C 14. D
5. B 10. C 15. C

References
Department of Education, Bureau of Secondary Education. Project EASE Integrated
Science 1, Module 12: Inside the Earth.

Department of Education, Bureau of Secondary Education (2015). Science - Grade

9 Learner’s Material.

McDougal Littell (2005). Science: Integrated Course 3. Houghton Mifflin Company.

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) – Department of
Science and Technology (DOST) (2008). School Teachers’ Seminar-Training on
Natural Hazards Awareness and Preparedness: Focus on Earthquakes and
Volcanoes (Training Module).

http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/ accessed May 26, 2020 4:00 pm

http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hazards/lahar/rain.php accessed May 28, 2020 3:00 pm

http://www.volcanodiscovery.com/philippines.htmlaccessed June 2, 2020 6:00 pm

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNGUdObDoLkaccessed June 4, 2020 5:00 pm

https://www.britannica.com/science/volcano/Determinants-of-size-and-
shapeaccessed June 6, 2020 8:00 pm

https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/stratoguide/pinfeat.htmlaccessed June 6, 2020

9:00 pm

https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/stratoguide/pinfeat.htmlaccessed June 10, 2020

11:00 pm

https://chis.nrcan.gc.ca/volcano-volcan/volcano-volcan-en.phpaccessed June 10 ,
2020 9:00 pm

https://ocean.si.edu/holding-tank/vents-volcanoes/mystery-underwater-
volcanoaccessed June 12, 2020

https://www.gns.cri.nz/Home/Learning/Science-Topics/Volcanoes/Types-of-
Volcanoes-Eruptions accessed June 29, 2020 7:00 pm

https://beyondpenguins.ehe.osu.edu/issue/earths-changing-surface/common-
misconceptions-about-weathering-erosion-volcanoes-and-
earthquakes#:~:text=Volcanoes%20are%20randomly%20located%20across%20the
%20earth's%20surface.&text=Volcanoes%20only%20erupt%20straight%20up,lava
%2C%20it%20is%20not%20dangerous.accessed July 6, 2020 6:00 pm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cinder_cones?
fbclid=IwAR2KUvXxL7LdHQR7QtNtlg7svNkNnKAVIHoACIkxcg1XLsPx-
xPSYtbIOyk#Philippines accessed July 16, 2020 2:00 am
For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

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Telefax: (063) 221-6069
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