LESSON 11:

E N V I R O N M E N TA L
CRISIS AND
S U S TA I N A B L E
DEVELOPMENT
 NAVECILLA, KIMBERLY V. PATINDOL, RISHEL MAE
(Researcher, Reporter and PPT (Researcher and Reporter)
maker)

REYES, PEARL MARIE

SAREÑO, RUAN MARIE (Researcher and
(Researcher and Reporter) Reporter)
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this lesson, you be able to:
1. Discuss the origins and manifestation of global environmental crises;
2. Relate everyday encounters with pollution, global warming,
desertification, ozone depletion, and many others with a larger picture
of environmental degradation; and
3. Examine the policies and programs of governments around the world
that address the environmental crisis.
ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS
– An ecological crisis occurs when changes to the environment of a
species or population destabilizes its continued survival.

– Most people know the natural world is facing great challenges and
degradation, but few know the true extents of the changes and
deprivation the environment faces and its extended effects on
human welfare and all other life on Earth.

Reporter: Navecilla, Kimberly V.

MAIN FEATURES OF THE
ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS:
• Climate Change
• Land Contamination
• Deforestation
• Land use change and habitat loss
• Biodiversity Loss
CLIMATE CHANGE
– includes both global warming driven by human-induced emissions
of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather
patterns.
LAND CONTAMINATION
– Land is considered contaminated when it contains hazardous
materials concentrations, including oil, above baseline and/or
naturally occurring levels. Contaminated lands may involve topsoils
or subsurface soils that, through leaching and transport, may affect
groundwater, surface water, and adjacent sites.
DEFORESTATION
– is the permanent removal of trees to make room for something
besides forest. This can include clearing the land for agriculture or
grazing, or using the timber for fuel, construction or manufacturing.
LAND USE CHANGE AND HABITAT
LOSS
– As the human population continues to increase, demand for more
agricultural land is one of the main drivers of habitat loss and
degradation. This change in land use presents the greatest
immediate threat to biodiversity and could lead to changes in the
way our ecosystems function as well as species extinctions.
BIODIVERSITY LOSS
– refers to the decline or disappearance of biological diversity,
understood as the variety of living things that inhabit the planet, its
different levels of biological organization and their respective genetic
variability, as well as the natural patterns present in ecosystems.
FACTORS AFFECTING ENVIRONMENT
• Popular Growth
• Global warming
• Ozone Layer Depletion
POPULATION GROWTH
– Is at the root of virtually all of
the world’s environmental
problems. Although the
growth rate of the world’s
population has slowed
slightly since 1990s, the
world’s population increases
by about 77 million human
beings each year.
GLOBAL WARMING
– is the long-term heating of
Earth's climate system
observed since the pre-
industrial period (between
1850 and 1900) due to
human activities, primarily
fossil fuel burning, which
increases heat-trapping
greenhouse gas levels in
Earth's atmosphere.
OZONE LAYER DEPLETION
– A thin band in the
stratosphere that serves to
shield Earth from the Sun’s
harmful ultraviolet rays.
– Increased ultraviolet
radiation would lead to a
growing number of skin
cancers and cataracts and
also reduce the ability of
immune systems to respond
to infection
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
– Is a pattern of growth in which resource use aims to meet human
needs while preserving the environment so that these need can be
met only in the present, but also for generations to come.
This definition contains three key ideas:

• Development - should not be confused with growth. Growth is a physical or

quantitative expansion of the economic system. While development is a
qualitative concept, it is concerned with cultural, social and economic progress.
• Needs - introduces the ideas of distribution of resources: ‘meeting the basic
needs of all and extending to all the opportunity to satisfy their aspirations for a
better life
• Future generations - introduces the idea of intra-generational equity
FOUR PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:

• Futurity - is seen as maintaining a minimum of environmental capital

including the planet’s major environmental support systems, together
with the conservation of more conventional renewable resources such
as forests.
• Environment - is concerned with costing the environment.
• Equity – has to do with fairness whether all people have similar rights
and opportunities, basic needs to maintain an acceptable quality of life.
• Participation - has become a common feature of development
procedures, with groups of ‘stake-holders’ involved in consultations.
THE WORLD'S
LEADING
E N V I R O N M E N TA L
PROBLEMS
THE CONSERVE ENERGY FUTURE WEBSITE LISTS
THE FOLLOWING ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
THAT THE WORLD FACES TODAY.

 1. The depredation caused bye industrial and transportation toxins and plastic in the
ground.

 2. Changes in the global weather patterns(flash floods, extreme snowstorms and the
spread of desserts).

 3. Overpopulation.

 4. The exhaustion of the world's natural non renewable resources from oil reserves to
mineral to portable water.

Reporter: Patindol, Rishel Mae

 5. A waste disposal catastrophe due to the excessive amount of waste.

 6. The destruction of million- year-old ecosystems and the loss of biodiversity.

 7. The reduction of oxygen and the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
because of deforestation.

 8. The depletion of the ozone layer protecting the planet from sun's deadly ultraviolet
rays due to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the atmosphere.

 9. Deadly acid rain as a result of fossil fuel combustion, toxic chemicals from erupting
volcanoes.
 10. Water pollution arising from industrial.

 11. Urban sprawls that continue to expand as a city turns into a megalopolis.

 12. Pandemic and other threats to public health arising from wastes mixing with
drinking water.

 13. A radical alteration of food systems and because of genetic modifications in food
production.
MAN-MADE
POLLUTION
• Man-made pollutants can threaten human health and compromise the
natural ecosystem and environment.

• Man-made pollution is generally a byproduct of human actions such as

consumption, waste disposal, industrial production, transportation and
energy generation.

• Pollutants can enter the surrounding environment in various ways,

either through the atmosphere, water systems or soil, and can persist
for generations if left untreated.

Reporter: Patindol, Rishel Mae

AIR POLLUTION
• Air pollution occurs when
harmful chemicals or
particulate matter are
introduced into the
atmosphere.
WATER POLLUTION
• Water pollution occurs as
bodies of water (oceans,
lakes, rivers, streams,
aquifers and atmospheric
water) become
contaminated by man-
made waste substances.
SOIL POLLUTION
• Soil pollution occurs as
harmful man-made
substances leach into the
soil.
RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION
• Radioactive pollution can
result from the improper
disposal of nuclear waste,
the accidental discharge of
core material from a
nuclear power plant or the
detonation of a nuclear
explosive device.
CLIMATE
CHANGE
• Refers to significant, long-term changes in the global climate
• Result of billion of tons carbon dioxide
• Various air pollution, and other gases accumulating in the atmosphere
• Trap the sun’s radiation
• “Greenhouse effect” sped up the rise in the world temperature
• Global temperature risen at a faster rate in 50 years and it continues to
go up
• Greenhouse effect is responsible for recurring heat waves and long
droughts

Reporter: Reyes, Pearl Marie

• California had experienced its worst water shortage in 1,200 years
• In India and Southeast Asia, global warming altered the summer
monsoon patterns
• Super Typhoon Haiyan that hit the central Philippines in 2013
• Scientists claim that there will be more [of such] typhoons in the coming
years
• Glaciers are melting every year since 2002
• Flooding has allowed more breeding grounds for disease carries
• Aedes egypti mosquito and the cholera bacteria
COMBATING
GLOBAL
WARMING
• The perils of global warming
• In 1997, 192 countries signed to Kyoto Protocol to reduce greenhouse
gases
• 1992 United Nations Earth Summit
• Framework Convention for Climate Change was finalized
• Some countries have made the necessary move to reduce their
contribution to global warming
• Developing countries lack the funds to implement the protocol's
guidelines
• A 2010 World Bank report thus concluded that the protocol only had a
slight impact on reducing global emissions
• the follow-up treaty to the Kyoto Protocol is the Paris Accord, negotiated
by 195 countries in December of 2015
• the Paris Accord provides more leeway for countries Reporter: Reyes, Pearl Marie
• it largely passed as international legislation
• In South Africa, communities engage in environmental activism
• Across the Atlantic, in El Salvador, local officials and grassroots
organizations from 1000 communities; crop diversification, a reduction
of industrial sugar cane production, the protection of endangered sea
species from the devastating effects of commercial fishing,
• the preservation of lowlands being eroded by deforestation up in rivers
and inconsistent release of water from a nearby dam
• "strike a balance between urgently needed economic growth and
improved air quality"
• In Japan, population pressure forced the government to work; civil
society groups, academia, and political parties
• Japan has some of the least polluted cities in the world
COVID -19 AND
GLOBALIZ ATION
COVID-19
– On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization announced an
official name for the disease that is causing the 2019 novel
coronavirus outbreak. The new name of this disease is coronavirus
disease 2019, abbreviated as COVID-19. In COVID-19, ‘CO’ stands
for ‘corona,’ ‘VI’ for ‘virus,’ and ‘D’ for disease. Formerly, this disease
was referred to as “2019 novel coronavirus” or “2019-nCoV.”

– Coronaviruses, like the new COVID-19 outbreak that began in

China, cause mild to severe respiratory illness including death.
COVID-19 has since spread worldwide. The best preventive
measures include wearing a mask, staying six feet apart, washing
hands often, avoiding sick people, keeping your hands away from
your face and getting adequate rest and nutrition.
Reporter: Sareño, Ruan Marie
THE CDC SAYS YOU MAY HAVE CORONAVIRUS IF YOU HAVE
THESE SYMPTOMS OR COMBINATION OF SYMPTOMS:
FEVER OR CHILLS:
• Cough.
• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.
• Tiredness.
• Muscle or body aches.
• Headaches.
• New loss of taste or smell.
• Sore throat.
• Congestion or runny nose.
• Nausea or vomiting.
• Diarrhea.
So COVID-19 is more likely to go deeper than viruses like the
common cold. Your lungs might become inflamed, making it tough for
you to breathe. This can lead to pneumonia, an infection of the tiny air
sacs (called alveoli) inside your lungs where your blood exchanges
oxygen and carbon dioxide.

The best preventive measures include wearing a mask, staying six

feet apart, washing hands often, avoiding sick people, keeping your
hands away from your face and getting adequate rest and nutrition.
GLOBALIZATION
– Globalization is the word used to describe the growing
interdependence of the world's economies, cultures, and
populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and
services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and
information.

– In geography, globalization is defined as the set of processes

(economic, social, cultural, technological, Institutional) that contribute
to the relationship between societies and individuals around the
world.
– This global phenomenon is inherent to human nature. Because of
this, some say globalization begun about 60,000 years ago, at the
beginning of human history. Throughout time, human societies’
exchanging trade has been growing. Since the old times, different
civilizations have developed commercial trade routes and
experienced cultural exchanges.
EXAMPLES OF GLOBALIZATION:
• Economic globalization
• Financial globalization
• Cultural globalization
• Political globalization
• Sociological globalization
• Technological globalization
• Geographic globalization
• Ecological globalization