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CH 2 Ohm Law
CH 2 Ohm Law
CH 2 Ohm Law
LEARNING GOALS
• OHM’S LAW - DEFINES THE SIMPLEST PASSIVE ELEMENT: THE
RESISTOR
• KIRCHHOFF’S LAWS - THE FUNDAMENTAL CIRCUIT CONSERVATION
LAWS- KIRCHHOFF CURRENT (KCL) AND KIRCHHOFF VOLTAGE (KVL)
• LEARN TO ANALYZE THE SIMPLEST CIRCUITS
• SINGLE LOOP - THE VOLTAGE DIVIDER
• SINGLE NODE-PAIR - THE CURRENT DIVIDER
• SERIES/PARALLEL RESISTOR COMBINATIONS - A TECHNIQUE
TO REDUCE THE COMPLEXITY OF SOME CIRCUITS
• WYE - DELTA TRANSFORMATION - A TECHNIQUE TO REDUCE
COMMON RESISTOR CONNECTIONS THAT ARE NEITHER SERIES NOR
PARALLEL
• CIRCUITS WITH DEPENDENT SOURCES - (NOTHING VERY
SPECIAL)
RESISTORS
Standard Multiples of Ohm
+ v(t ) −
M Mega Ohm(106 )
i(t ) k Kilo Ohm(103 )
Volt
A resistor is a passive element A common occurrence is
characterized by an algebraic mA
relation between the voltage across resulting in resistance in k
its terminals and the current
through it
Conductance
If instead of expressing voltage as
A linear resistor obeys OHM’s Law a function of current one expresses
current in terms of voltage, OHM’s
v(t ) = Ri(t ) law can be written
The constant, R, is called the 1
i= v
resistance of the component and R
is measured in units of Ohm () 1
We define G = as Conductance
From a dimensional point of view R
Ohms is a derived unit of Volt/Amp of the component and write
i = Gv
Since the equation is algebraic
the time dependence can be omitted The unit of conductance is
siemens
i Two special resistor values
+
+ i=0
v R
v=0
− −
Circuit Represent ation Short Open
Circuit Circuit
i “A touch of R=0 R=
reality” G= G=0
Linear approximation
v
Linear range Ohm’s Law is an approximation valid
while voltages and currents remain
Actual v-I relationship in the Linear Range
OHM’S LAW PROBLEM SOLVING TIP Given Voltage and Resistance
Compute Current
v = Ri i = Gv OHM' s Law V
I=
One equation and three variables.
+ R
Given ANY two the third can be found 12[V ] R = 3
Given current and resistance − I = 4[ A]
Find the voltage
Notice use of Determine direction of the current
passive sign using passive sign convention
I = 2A + convention
R = 5 V = 10[V ]
−
Table 1 Keeping Units Straight
Voltage Current Resistance
Given Current and Voltage
Find Resistance volts amperes ohms
+ I = 4[ A]
volts mA k
20[V ] R = 5 mV A m
−
mV mA
V
R=
I
+
−
Problem solving tip: There are four v = (40 *103 ) * (2 *10 −3 A) = 80[V ]
variables (P,v,i,R) and two equations.
Given any two variables one can find P = Ri 2 = (40 *103 ) * (2 *10 −3 A) 2 =
the other two.
160 *10 −3 [W ]
Given P , i Given v, R
P v v v2
v = ,R = i = , P = vi =
i i R R
Given i, R Given P, R
v = Ri , P = vi = Ri 2 P
i= , v = Ri = PR
R
If not given, the reference
direction for voltage or current
can be chosen and the other is
given by the passive sign convention
DETERMINE CURRENT AND POWER ABSORBED
BY RESISTOR
+
P =?
−
−3
VS = IR VS =
I 0 .5 10 [ A]
VS = = 10[V ]
G 50 10−6 [ S ]
= 6mA
P=I R=
2 I2
P=
0.5 (10 −3
[ A]
=
)2
0.5 10 −2
[W ]
V 2 P = (12[V ])(6[mA ])
−6
G 50 10 [ S ]
P = VI = I R =
2
= 72[mW ]
5[mW ]
R
0.6[mA]
V 6[V ]
I= =
R 10k
P = I 2R
80 10−3[W ]
VS2 P = VS I R=
P=
R 80[mW ] ( −3
4 10 A
2
)
VS = =20 V R = 5k
VS2 = (10 103 )(3.6 10−3W ) VS = 6[V ] 4[mA ]
R = V/I = 2.4 Ohms
Resistance of Lamp __________
P = 60W
+ I = P/V = 5A
+
Current through Lamp ________
12V -
HALOGEN
− LAM P
Charge supplied by
battery in 1min ________
Q=5*60[C]
SAMPLE PROBLEM