Kalinga State University

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

Global Governance
In this lesson, it deals with global governance, form, format, techniques, and global
governance challenges in the twenty-first century.It will discuss the role of government within
the context of globalization and the issues and challenges to effective international
management. It highlights the roles and functions of globalization as a moderator of
international peace and security.

At the end of the lesson, you can define global governance; explain the relevance of
the state/government amid globalization; identify the issues and challenges of global
governance in the 21st century, and identify the roles and functions of the United Nations.

In This Lesson

 Define global governance.

 Explain the relevance of the state/government amid globalization.
 Identify the issues and challenges of global governance in the 21st century.
 identify the roles and functions of the United Nations;

What is Global Governance?

from Global Challenges Foundation

Global governance unites diverse actors to coordinate collective action at the extent
of the earth. The goal of worldwide management, roughly defined, is to supply global public
goods, specifically peace and security, justice and mediation systems for conflict, functioning
markets, and unified standards for trade and industry. One crucial international public
interest is catastrophic risk governance – placing suitable mechanisms in place to maximally
decrease the likelihood and impact of any event that would cause the death of 1 billion
people across the earth or damage of equivalent magnitude.
Global governance is more generally affected through a variety of organizations
acting as intermediary bodies. Those include bodies responsible for regional coordination,
like the EU or ASEAN, which coordinate their members' policies during a particular zone.
Those also have strategic or economic initiatives under the leadership of 1 country – NATO
for the US or China's Belt and Road Initiative as an example – or, more generally,
coordinating defense or economic integration, like APEC or ANZUS. Finally, global
governance relies on looser norm-setting forums, like the G20, the G7, the planet Economic
Forum: those don't found out treaties, but offer spaces for gathering, discussing ideas,
aligning policy, and setting norms. This last category might extend to multi-stakeholder
institutions that aim to align global standards, as an example, the web Engineering
Taskforce (IETF) and, therefore, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
In summary, global governance is essential but fragmented, complex, and tiny
understood. During this context, the critical questions raised by the worldwide Challenges
Foundation are the way to reform institutions, develop alternative institutions, and use the
new possibilities of technology to enhance governance. (Global Challenges Foundation
2020)

Core Principles of Global Governance

Five principles are essential in guiding the reforms of global governance and global
rules according to the United Nations' Committee for Development Policy to wit:

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DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

(i) Common but differentiated tasks and respective capacities: This principle involves
recognizing differences among countries regarding their contribution and historical
responsibilities in generating common problems and divergences in financial and technical
capabilities to deal with shared challenges. This principle also acknowledges the range of
national circumstances and policy approaches. This diversity should be embedded within the
architecture of worldwide governance as an intrinsic feature of the worldwide community, not
as an exception to general rules.

(ii) Subsidiarity: Issues need to be addressed at rock bottom level, capable of handling
them. This principle implies that some problems are often appropriately operated at the local,
national, sub-regional, and regional levels, reducing the number of concerns that require
tackling international and supranational levels. Subsidiarity suggests an essential role in
regional cooperation in addressing problems with mutual respect.

(iii) Inclusiveness, transparency, accountability: Global governance institutions require to

be represented of, and accountable to, the entire international community, while decision-
making methods demand to be democratic, inclusive, and lucid.

(iv) Coherence: Definitions of worldwide rules and processes got to rest on comprehensive
approaches, including assessing possible trade-offs, so that actions in several areas won't
undermine or disrupt each other, but instead be mutually reinforcing. Enhanced coherence is
needed between the international and national spheres of policymaking. This also requires
improved coordination among various stakeholders and enhanced information sharing.

(v) Responsible sovereignty: This principle recognizes that policy cooperation is the best
for achieving national interests within the global property right. It also requires Governments
and States to be fully respectful of other nations' sovereignty to satisfy agreed policy
outcomes. (The UNUN Committee for Development Policy 2014)

Roles and Functions of the United Nations

The United Nations was created in 1945. It has been active in extensive areas,
including peacekeeping, limitation, the North-South problem, and social and human rights
concerns. Following the development made in East-West dialogue and other recent changes
within the international situation, it's stepped up its events while its roles and responsibilities
are extended. within the peacekeeping area, mostly, the United Nations has played an
essential role in Namibia achieving independence. - the last colony in Africa - and within the
general elections held in Nicaragua in February 1990. The peacekeeping activities of the
United Nations, traditionally geared to truce supervision activities, have extended into more
extensive activities, including observation of elections, as occasioned by its operations in
Namibia. In August 1990, the UNUN Security Council selected comprehensive and
mandatory sanctions for the primary time within the past 22 years against Iraq's invasion of
Kuwait. At an equivalent time, international cooperation extended through the United Nations
and its organizations has become progressively crucial in handling global issues like drugs
and, therefore, the environment.

The Soviet Union, which had earlier not been active in UNUN activities, has shifted
its position toward them under the Gorbachev Administration's attaching importance.
Similarly, we under the Bush administration has proved its cooperative attitude with the
UNUN, indicating that it'll ante up its arrears to the UNUN during this connection; at the 44th
session of the overall Assembly in 1989, us and therefore the Soviet Union co-sponsored a
resolution which involved the reinforcement of the roles of the United Nations in international
peace, security, and international cooperation. This was the primary joint proposal ever
made by the two countries in UNUN history.

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DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

At an equivalent time, the United Nations still has its problems, including financial
difficulties and organizational reform. Tackling these problems will be vital for the UNUN in
winning the arrogance of the international community within the future. The new trend within
the world faraway from confrontation toward dialogue makes necessary a review of the
United Nations' systems and functions.

Since joining the planet's body in 1956, Japan has positioned cooperation with the
United Nations as a central pillar of its diplomacy. It's cooperated in UNUN activities during a
wide selection of areas, making the second most considerable financial contributions among
the member States next only to us. For example, Japan has been actively supporting the
United Nations University (UNU) and, therefore, the International Tropical Timber
Organization (ITTO), helping them find out their head offices in Japan.

As Japan's roles within the international community increase year by year, Japan's
contribution to the United Nations is entering a replacement phase, as clearly seen within the
dispatching of election observers for the recent UNUN peacekeeping operations. In
September 1989, secretary of state Nakayama expressed at the 44th session of the UNUN.
General Assembly Japan's firm pledge to meeting global challenges, including permanent
settlement of regional issues, the advancement of limitation, continuation of economic
prosperity, and preservation of the worldwide environment, through support for the United
Nations, and to contributing, through these efforts to world peace, stability, and prosperity.
And it had been highly appreciated by many countries.

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