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Sodium Carbonate: NA CO
Sodium Carbonate: NA CO
NA2CO3
INTRODUCTION:
Sodium Carbonate is the disodium salt
of carbonic acid with alkalinizing
property.
Chemical Formula: Na2CO3
Molar Mass: 105.98844 g
Mass Percent: Na 43.381 %; C 11.332 %;
O 45.286 %
Also Know as
Washing Soda
Soda Ash
Soda Crystal
Occurrence:
Inorganic compound
Internal Enthalpy of solution is -28.1
kJ/mol
Melting Point is 851o C (1,564o F)
Density is 2.53 g/cm3.
Odorless.
Grayish White Powder.
Properties:
DISHWASHER.
MOPPING SOLUTION.
UNCLOG DRAINS.
METHODS:
•LEBLANC PROCESS
•SOLVAY PROCESS
MANUFACTURING OF NA2CO3
LEBLANC MATHOD:
In 1775, the French Academy of Sciences offered a
prize for a process whereby soda ash could be
produced from salt. The French Academy wanted to
promote the production of much-needed sodium
carbonate from inexpensive sodium.
In 1791, the French chemist Nicolas
Leblanc patented a process for producing sodium
carbonate from salt, sulfuric acid, limestone, and
coal. First, sea salt (sodium chloride) was boiled in
sulfuric acid to yield sodium sulfate and hydrogen
chloride gas, according to the chemical equation
RAW MATERIAL:
1)SODIUM SULPHATE
2)SODIUM CHLORIDE
3)CALCIUM CARBONATE AND COAL
It involved two stages: production
of sodium sulphate from sodium chloride,
followed by reaction of the sodium
sulphate with coal and calcium
carbonate to produce sodium carbonate
First, sea salt (sodium chloride) was boiled in sulfuric acid to yield
sodium sulfate and ,
hydrogen chloride gas, according to the chemical equation
2 NaCl + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2 HCl
The sodium carbonate was extracted from the ashes with water, and
then
collected by allowing the water to evaporate
SOLVAY PROCESS:
In1861, the Belgian industrial
chemist Ernest Solvay developed a method
to convert sodium chloride to sodium
carbonate using ammonia. The Solvay
process centered around a large hollow
tower. At the bottom, calcium carbonate
(limestone) was heated to release carbon
dioxide:
ADVANTAGES:
1)It is cheap process.
2)Raw material easily available.
3)CO2 recover in Calcination tower and
Ammonia also recover in Ammonia
Recovery Tower.
4)Pollution free.
5)Only 1 waste product that is CaCl2
6)Na2CO3 of very high purities obtained.
7)Pakistan is self sufficient in Na2Co3.
Step 1:
Make Brine Solution.(30% Nacl
solution)
Step 2:
Shift Brine in Ammonia
Tower/Absorber and make
Ammonical Brine.
+
Ammonia(NH3)
=
Ammonical Brine
Step 3:
In lime Kiln we decompose
limstone at high temperature
950–1100 °C by heating and make
quick/burnt lime and CO2. Then
pass CO2 gas in Carbonation
Tower from bottom.
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