Received: 15 August 2019 Revised: 5 November 2019 Accepted: 17 December 2019

DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12563

CLINICAL ARTICLE

The utilization of snap-on provisionals for dental veneers:

From an analog to a digital approach

Jonathan Esquivel DDS1 | Milko Villarroel DDS, MSc, PhD2 | David Tran MCDT1 |
Edwin Kee MCDT1 | Karen Bruggers DDS, MS1

1
Department of Prosthodontics, Louisiana
State University School of Dentistry, New
Orleans, Louisiana
2
Private Practice Prosthodontist, Curitiba,
Brazil
Correspondence
Jonathan Esquivel, Department of
Prosthodontics, Louisiana State University
School of Dentistry, Box 222, 1100 Florida
Ave, New Orleans, LA 70119.
Email: jesqu1@lsuhsc.edu
Abstract
Objective: There are multiple treatment options to enhance a patient's smile, from
conservative bleaching procedures to composite resins, porcelain veneers, or full-
coverage crowns. Treating patients with porcelain veneers is a commonly used
approach in esthetic dentistry. Provisional restorations for veneers can be time-
consuming to make and difficult to retain. This article illustrates a technique for fabri-
cating indirect snap-on provisional restorations for veneer cases, describing both
analog and digital approaches.
Clinical considerations: The present article presents an alternative provisionalization
technique using snap-on restorations for dental veneers. Application of these tech-
niques will allow for ease of cleansability by the patient leading to healthier soft tis-
sues before the final cementation. Delivery of veneers is more predictable with
healthy soft tissue, as bleeding and inflammation may affect the bonding process.
Conclusions: This technique is an effective provisionalization option in most veneer
cases. This approach seems to be well accepted by patients and a good alternative in
helping to maintain optimal gingival health with interim restorations before delivery.
Clinical significance: The use of snap-on provisionals for veneer restorations will
allow the clinician to have an efficient technique with better tissue response before
cementation. This prevents inflammation and facilitates a controlled delivery process.

KEYWORDS

CAD-CAM provisionals, dental esthetics, digital dentistry, restorative dentistry, snap-on smile,
veneers

1 | I N T RO DU CT I O N have been reported in dental literature.5-8 Case selection for veneers

Demand for esthetic dental care increases daily. Esthetic restorations
may be delivered to help return a youthful smile to a patient, or to
correct anatomic or cosmetic flaws in the patient's smile. Veneers are
among the most common esthetic treatments offered in dentistry.
Pincus was the first to describe the use of veneers to enhance
1
esthetic appearance. The introduction of bonding concepts has chan-
ged the technique, indications, and predictability of this treatment.2-4
Veneer restorations that are increasingly conservative and predictable
is extremely important, with occlusion, spatial positioning of teeth,
and the amount of enamel available being important considerations.9
Bonding plays a key role in the success and longevity of veneers.
Other factors to consider are material selection and adequate bonding
protocols. Provisionalization of veneer preparations can be difficult, as
veneers have a different preparation design when compared to full
coverage crowns and rely on bonding to the tooth structure. Cases
that involve multiple anterior teeth typically have splinted provisionals
to help with retention until the definitive restorations can be placed.

J Esthet Restor Dent. 2020;1–10. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jerd © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 1

2 ESQUIVEL ET AL.
However, splinting the provisional restorations limits the ability of the
patient to floss adequately and may lead to secondary caries, gingival
inflammation and bleeding, which is detrimental to the adhesion
process.10,11
A provisional should help maintain healthy tissues, which establishes
the environment for correct esthetic and physiological contours of the
12
dentogingival complex. An important consideration in provisional resto-
rations is the control of biofilm. If this is not achieved, gingival inflamma-
tion can occur.11,13 Precise adaptation of the margins and contact points
are as important as adequate preparation of the teeth.14-18
Functions of provisional restorations include:
1. Providing space maintenance.
2. Serving as a prototype for the final restorations.
3. Serving as an aid for the evaluation of changes to the vertical
dimension of the patient.
4. Serving as an aid to evaluating esthetics and phonetics.
5. Serving as a guide for soft tissue healing around preparations and
implants.
Many concerns arise during the provisional restoration stage;
occlusion, inflamed tissues, predisposition to secondary caries, sensi-
tivity, or dentin exposure can all alter the final result. Exposed dentin
can alter the bonding capabilities of the restoration and increase the
possibility of sensitivity. Magne has described the use of the immedi-
ate dentinal sealing (IDS) technique which allows the creation of a
hybrid layer over freshly cut dentin to enhance the bonding proper-
19,20
ties. Cases that have been treated with IDS require special mea-
sures during the provisionalization process. The chemical interaction
between the highly reactive bonding layer and the interim restorative
material can cause a provisional restoration to become permanently
bonded. This problem could be solved by isolating with Vaseline or
any other separating agent (eg, Pro-V-Coat; Bisco Dental, Schaum-
burg, Illinois), or using a different provisionalization approach that
does not require cement. One material to consider for provisionalizing
veneer restorations is poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Similar to
composite and bis-acryl interim restorations, PMMA provisionals can
be fabricated directly and indirectly. The direct method involves the
use of a matrix for fabrication in the patient's mouth. The matrix can
be made with putty, or any other type of polyvinyl siloxane (PVS),
elastomeric material, or with an Omni-vacuum form. Indirect fabrica-
tion requires the use of a cast or a scan of the patient's mouth. The
provisional is made in the lab and is then delivered to the patient.
Direct fabrication of provisional veneer restorations can be completed
faster compared to indirect fabrication. The direct approach brings its
own set of challenges such as the refinement of the embrasures and
margins once the provisional is bonded to the patient's teeth. Indirect
fabrication can be time-consuming in the laboratory but if done cor-
rectly and ahead of time it can save chair time.
Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing
(CAD-CAM) technology have significantly reduced the amount of time
it takes to deliver many restorations. Digital workflows and use of dif-
ferent materials have been described in the literature to enhance the
clinician's ability to better treatment plan and execute esthetic
cases.21,22 PMMA is among the many readily available materials for
milling. Milled PMMA has better physical and optical properties than
conventional PMMA resin and can be used for the provisionalization
of any type of indirect restoration.23-26 Provisionals can now become
a true prototype of the final restorations. Another advantage of milled
PMMA provisionals is digital file storage, this can allow the fabrication
of a new interim restoration in case it is needed. These provisionals
can be fixed to the patient's preparations by the use of a cementing
agent or they can be snapped into place. Snap-on restorations have
also been proposed as a treatment option for patients that want to
enhance their smile.27 This type of detachable design can also be used
for the fabrication of veneer provisionals.
Indications for snap-on provisionals in veneer cases:
1. Cases with no major retentive areas in interdental spaces between
neighboring preparations that may prevent the snap-on provisional
placement or removal.
2. Cases in which all preparations have the same path of insertion,
with preparations on enamel and that lack sensitivity (Figure 1).
3. Cases with preparations that have dentin exposed but have been
treated with the IDS protocol.
4. Cases with preexisting restorations that exhibit inflamed gingiva
upon removal of old veneers.
Veneer preparations should follow all preestablished preparation
parameters.28 This technique works best in cases that have a prepara-
tion design with incisal edge reduction and no lingual margins, as this
facilitates the path of insertion. When using a snap-on provisional
type restoration and dentin is exposed in the preparation IDS is rec-
ommended. Using this protocol will prevent a bacterial invasion of the
tubules, which may lead to sensitivity, as the provisional will not be
cemented, it will also enhance the bonding of the final restorations.
The snap-on provisional restorations can be fabricated by analog
and digital means, both having the same objective and principles. The
F I G U R E 1 Additive case that would benefit from snap-on
restorations with analog technique
ESQUIVEL ET AL. 3

F I G U R E 2 A, Poly(methyl
methacrylate) (PMMA) placed on
putty matrix fabricated off
diagnostic wax-up. B, Putty
matrix with PMMA placed on a
cast of preparations

F I G U R E 4 Placement of well adapted snap-on provisional

restoration fabricated via analog method

F I G U R E 3 Finishing and polishing of snap-on provisional

restoration fabricated via analog method

purpose of this article is to describe both the analog and digital tech-
niques of snap-on provisional fabrication for veneer cases.

Techniques

Analog protocol:

• A PVS matrix from a diagnostic wax-up of the case must be made

• Apply a tin foil substitute or separator (eg, Alcote; Dentsply Sirona,
York, Pennsylvania) to a stone model of the preparations.
• Mix the PMMA following the manufacturer's instructions
(Figure 2A). Once the PMMA is inside the matrix the material must FIGURE 5 Snap-on provisional seated on preparations
reach the doughy stage before it is seated on the prepared model
(Figure 2B). Vertical and horizontal pressure is recommended to
eliminate excessive material. 2 | MATERIAL CONSIDERATIONS
• With the PMMA still in the doughy stage, place the model with the
matrix in a pressure pot set at 20 psi for 10 minutes, to maximize PMMA is utilized for the fabrication of the snap-on provisional. Den-
polymerization, preventing voids, and increasing strength. tin colored PMMA results in a restoration with increased opacity.
• Once polymerized, finish, polish, and prepare the snap-on restora- Enamel or incisal colored PMMA results in gray-toned restorations
tion for delivery (Figures 3–5). due to the high translucency of the materials. Ideally, a mixture of
4 ESQUIVEL ET AL.

F I G U R E 6 A, Tooth form that allows for preparations with clear path of draw and no interdental retentive areas. B, Digital design for splinted
veneer provisional restorations using patients wax-up as a matrix for design (Exocad GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany). C, Milled snap on provisional
restoration that does not require intraoral reline or cement because of ease of draw due to the shape of teeth and preparations

F I G U R E 7 A, Digital design of four splinted poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) snap-on veneer provisionals on maxillary incisors (Exocad
GmbH). B, Snap-on milled provisional with no need of reline due to preparation design and number of teeth. C, Snap-on provisional restoration of
four incisors delivered

using a putty matrix. Although this technique reduces overall

time, the cutback and customization process that can be done on
a cast based provisional becomes harder to do on the actual
teeth.

3 | DI GIT A L P R O TOC OL

The digital protocol may need an intraoral reline depending on the

preparation design, the presence or absence of retentive interdental
spaces, the number of teeth to be provisionalized, morphology, and
F I G U R E 8 Snap-on provisional shell with retentive interproximal
areas, in such cases, those areas must be removed in the provisional the position of the teeth.
for proper seating; the retentive action of the provisional will be Clinical scenarios for provisionals that will not require a reline:
gained via intraoral reline (Cerec InLab 18, Dentsply Sirona)
1. Preparations or tooth morphology that allows for a uniform
path of insertion of a splinted provisional restoration
60% dentin colored PMMA and 40% enamel colored PMMA is rec- (Figure 6A-C).
ommended to maximize both color and translucency. 2. Cases with a reduced number of prepared teeth. The morphology,
The analog protocol allows for intrinsic customization of the number, and position of the teeth prepared that will receive a
snap-on provisionals enhancing their esthetic appearance splinted provisional will influence the path of draw. Cases that only
directly. The analog fabrication of the snap-on provisional resto- involve incisors are easier to achieve a uniform path of draw
ration can also be done via a direct method in the patient's mouth (Figure 7A-C).
ESQUIVEL ET AL. 5

F I G U R E 9 A, Initial presentation of the patient. She presents with nonesthetic anterior restorations and she is not pleased with her overall
smile. B, Intraoral view of existing restorations. Note: problems of proportions, emergence, profile, morphology, and overall esthetic appearance

F I G U R E 1 0 A, Removal of old overcontoured restorations, repreparation of teeth and impression made to fabricate snap-on shell. B,
Removal of old veneer restorations, inflamed gingiva present due to overcontour of preexisting veneers

FIGURE 11 Try in of provisional snap-on shell before intraoral

reline F I G U R E 1 2 Relined snap-on provisional before finishing,
polishing and delivery

Clinical scenarios for provisionals that will require a reline:

Because of the orientation of the interdental areas in the intaglio
1. Cases where interdental spaces do not allow for a uniform path of the snap-on provisional, these areas of the provisional have to be
of draw. removed before the initial try in to allow for adequate fit (Figure 8).
2. Cases with multiple teeth prepared across the arch. Removing these interproximal areas, however, eliminates the
6 ESQUIVEL ET AL.
F I G U R E 1 3 Anterior view of patient's CAD-CAM. Generated
snap-on veneer provisional placed and overall view of the patient
during smile
F I G U R E 1 4 Laboratory consideration: Digital scan of a cast made
after preparations. Path of insertion of snap- on provisional is being
designed. Digital block retentive spaces between preparations. (Cerec
InLab 18; Dentsply Sirona)
retentive mechanism of the snap-on provisional, and for this rea-
son, it has to be relined intraorally. The interim restoration will be
held in place by friction and mechanical retention created by
relining the provisional into the interdental retentive spaces
between the preparations. The flexural properties of PMMA allow
the provisional the ability to snap into place or disengage when
desired.
Protocol
1. Photographs, cast, and wax-ups to aid adequate planning should
be available to guide the provisional fabrication (Figure 9A,B).
2. Prepare veneers or remove preexisting restorations and re-prepare
following preestablished veneer preparation guidelines28
(Figure 10A,B).
3. Make an impression or intraoral scan after completion of the initial
preparation and before refining if a reline is anticipated. This infor-
mation is sent to the laboratory for provisional fabrication.
4. Refine veneer preparations and utilize the IDS protocol if needed.
Make a final impression or intraoral scan of the case for the defini-
tive veneer fabrication.
5. After the provisional restoration has been milled, verify the seating
using fit checking agents. If no reline is needed, polish and deliver
the snap-on provisional.
Additional steps if a reline is needed:
6. After verifying the fit of the provisional shell (Figure 11). Lightly
sandblast the intaglio of the provisional, clean with water and
apply monomer.
7. Place Vaseline or any intraoral separating agent on the prepared
teeth before relining.
F I G U R E 1 5 Laboratory
consideration; increased luting space
settings for provisional design and a
minimal 300 μm veneer thickness for
adequate milling. (Cerec InLab 18;
Dentsply Sirona)
ESQUIVEL ET AL.
F I G U R E 1 6 Laboratory consideration: 0.5 mm thickness of
provisional shell milled and ready for intraoral try in
FIGURE 17 3D printed veneer shells on printer bed
8. Mix acrylic and place it on the intaglio surface of the provisional
shell, wait until it loses its gloss and then seat it onto the prepared
teeth.
Note: Remove and reposition the provisional constantly until set
to prevent it from locking into retentive areas between preparations.
9. Remove excess acrylic on the margins (Figure 12). Polish and
deliver snap-on restorations (Figure 13).
Laboratory considerations for milled snap-on shells that require
reline:
It is important to select the adequate path of insertion of the
splinted provisionals during the digital design. Digital block out of any
retentive spaces between preparations or moving them to the most
distal aspect of the terminally prepared teeth is advised (Figure 14).
An increased luting space should be included in the design to
allow for relining the provisional in the patient's mouth. The provi-
sional restorations should not be designed thinner than 300 μm or the
milling will likely be unsuccessful (Figures 15 and 16).
7
FIGURE 18 3D printed veneer shells path of insertion
FIGURE 19 Initial intraoral try in of 3D printed veneers shells
Additive techniques such as 3D printing have become another
option for the fabrication of snap-on restorations using the digital
protocol (Figures 17–19). At this point, 3D printing of snap-on pro-
visionals can take longer than milling procedures. Another limita-
tion of 3D printed provisionals is color. Options to make
polychromatic 3D printed provisionals are limited, while multilay-
ered pucks are available for milled provisionals allowing for
enhanced esthetics. As materials and color enhancements improve
with 3D printing, the use of this technology will become a more
common method of fabrication.
The digital snap-on protocol is more efficient in an office that has
milling capabilities. In this type of setting, the snap-on provisionals
can be delivered the same day within 1 hour. If under any circum-
stance the provisional cannot be milled in this time frame, the patient
can leave the appointment with a mock-up retained by mechanical
means and return for the snap-on provisional restoration.
A vacuum form provisional (C+) or Essix retainer should be given
to the patient to place in their mouth for sleeping which helps to
maintain the provisional during the night and to avoid breakage or
accidental swallowing of the provisional restoration.
8 ESQUIVEL ET AL.
FIGURE 20 Soft tissue health prior to cementation of final
restorations
F I G U R E 2 1 Final result in the patient which denotes an overall
enhanced esthetic appearance
Instructions for care should be given to the patient with any type
of snap-on provisional which include:
1. Keeping the provisionals in place to prevent tooth migration.
2. Removing the provisional for oral hygiene.
3. Cleaning the snap-on provisional at the time of oral hygiene with a
nonabrasive toothpaste and emphasizing cleaning the intaglio
surface.
4. Avoiding food that may cause breakage or dislodgement of the
provisional restoration.
4 | DISCUSSION
Veneers are a good treatment option for patients that want to
enhance the esthetics of their teeth. Proper material selection for
these cases is important as each situation may require a different
29,30
treatment protocol. Through the years many provisionalization
techniques have been described with different approaches and levels
of complexity.31-33 Provisional restorations help guide the final
restoration and allow the dentist and the patient a “test drive” period.
To ensure an adequate seal and pulpal protection, provisional restora-
tions must be resistant to wear and have adequate stability and reten-
tion. For this reason, in most cases, provisional restorations are
cemented. Fabrication of these interim restorations can be done with
an analog or digital approach; both show successful outcomes.34,35
The use of a snap-on provisional allows the patients the ability to
clean under the interim restorations, which aids them in maintaining
good soft tissue health (Figure 20). As with some direct
provisionalization techniques staining of the underlying tooth struc-
ture can occur due to extrinsic substances such as wine, tea, and cof-
fee. In fixed provisionals, this is an issue due to an unsealed marginal
gap. Even though this can occur with snap-on provisionals, these
external stains can be easily removed with pumice, or by cleaning with
an air-polishing device (eg, Acquacare, Medivance Instruments Ltd.;
London, NW10 7AP) before the bonding procedure.
Both the analog and digital snap-on provisional techniques are
another option for provisionalization. Snap-on provisionals can also
be used in cases in which IDS has been done to enhance bonding
and increase the possibility of successful outcomes.36 CAD-CAM
technology has optimized clinical and laboratory protocols. Cases
can now be delivered in a faster, more cost-efficient manner. This
use of CAD-CAM technology does not only have the benefit of
time and cost-effectiveness, but digital technology also opens up
the possibility of making prototypes that can be used as blueprints
for final restorations through copy milling techniques or using the
predesigned provisionals as templates for final restora-
tions.16,21,37,38 Final restorations can be fabricated via digital or
analog means.14,16,25,37,38 If relevant information is designed digi-
tally it can expedite the process even if restorations are fabricated
by analog techniques. Portions of the process can be digitized, such
as milling wax patterns that can later be pressed into ceramic resto-
rations.39,40 Designing and milling these provisional shells takes
minimal time for the laboratory team. During the fabrication pro-
cess, the clinician is working on other clinical steps. In a multichair
practice, this process becomes time efficient as the clinician can
also be completing hygiene checks or procedures on other patients
while the provisional is being milled and fitted. If an expanded duty
dental assistant is present, he or she can handle the reline process
if needed and the dentist can return for the final adjustments. If
digital technology is used correctly and in innovative and creative
ways it can enhance clinical practices. Challenges still exist such as
the necessity of relining provisional shells, which involves an extra
step in certain types of cases. Case selection is, of course, an
important determinant on how to approach the provisionalization
protocol. Additive cases remain easier to treat and digital technol-
ogy can allow us to optimize time by having pre-milled provisionals
in these situations. The true challenge remains in how to prepare in
advance to provisionalize subtractive cases. Utilizing pre-prepared
diagnostic casts to fabricate the milled provisional shells is an
option for full-contour restoration cases. Using a technique with a
shell fabricated from an arbitrary cast preparation is more difficult
in partial preparations such as veneers as it may require extensive
ESQUIVEL ET AL.
intraoral adjustments for a correct initial fit before relining. For this
reason, an initial preparation impression or scan is suggested in
such clinical scenarios. Technology is advancing at a rapid pace,
increasing the predictability of these procedures. Clinicians need to
explore new techniques, optimize them, and make them efficient
for clinical practice. Digital workflows will certainly become opti-
mized as new technology, and materials come into play. The clinical
practice of dentistry in the future will need to take full advantage
of technologic capacities and personnel on the restorative team to
create scenarios that will allow them to have successful treatments
and satisfied patients (Figure 21). Restorative dentists need to
understand both analog and digital methods of achieving the best
restorations, regardless of the technique.
5 | C O N CL U S I O N
The purpose of this article was to propose the use of snap-on provi-
sionals for specific veneer cases via either analog or digital methods.
This technique for provisionalization of the veneer preparations
allows the clinician to deliver interim restorations to the patient that
allows them to maintain a clean environment. The patient selection
remains a key component for any technique, and this technique is no
exception.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank Dr. Jose David Gil for his contribution
to images 17, 18, and 19.
ORCID
Jonathan Esquivel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9428-665X
RE FE R ENC E S
1. Pincus CL. Building mouth personality. J Calif S Dent Assoc. 1938;14:
125-129.
2. Calamia JR. Etched porcelain facial veneers: a new treatment modality
based on scientific and clinical evidence. N Y J Dent. 1983;53:
255-259.
3. Simonsen RJ, Calamia JR. Tensile bond strength of etched porcelain.
J Dent Res. 1983;62:297.
4. Calamia J. The rationale for etched porcelain restorations. In:
Preston J, ed. Perspective in Dental Ceramics. Chicago, IL: Quintes-
sence Publishing; 1988.
5. Belser UC, Magne P, Magne M. Ceramic laminate veneers: continuous
evolution of indications. J Esthet Dent. 1997;9:197-207.
6. Calamia JR, Calamia CS. Porcelain laminate veneers: reasons for
25 years of success. Dent Clin N Am. 2007;51:399-417.
7. Veneziani M. Ceramic laminate veneers: clinical procedures with a
multidisciplinary approach. Int J Esthet Dent. 2017;12:426-448.
8. Arif R, Dennison JB, Garcia D, et al. Retrospective evaluation of the
clinical performance and longevity of porcelain laminate veneers 7 to
14 years after cementation. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;15:31-37.
9. Gurel G, Sesma N, Calamita MA, Coachman C, Morimoto S. Influence
of enamel preservation on failure rates of porcelain laminate veneers.
Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2013;33:31-39.
10. Small BW. Provisional restorations for veneers. Gen Dent. 2008;56:
608-610.
9
11. Skurow HM, Nevins M. The rationale of the preperiodontal provi-
sional biologic trial restoration. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent.
1988;8:8-29.
12. Hammond BD, Cooper JR, Lazarchik DA. Predictable repair of provi-
sional restorations. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2009;21:19-24.
13. Buergers R, Rosentritt M, Handel G. Bacterial adhesion of Streptococ-
cus mutans to provisional fixed prosthodontic material. J Prosthet
Dent. 2007;98:461-469.
14. Abdullah AO, Tsitrou EA, Pollington S. Comparative in vitro evalua-
tion of CAD/CAM vs conventional provisional crowns. J Appl Oral Sci.
2016;24:258-263.
15. Givens EJ Jr, Neiva G, Yaman P, Dennison JB. Marginal adaptation
and color stability of four provisional materials. J Prosthodont. 2008;
17:97-101.
16. Özçelik TB, Yilmaz B, Şeker E, Shah K. Marginal adaptation of provi-
sional CAD/CAM restorations fabricated using various simulated digi-
tal cement space settings. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2018;33:
1064-1069.
17. Bichacho N. Cervical contouring concepts: enhancing the dentogingival
complex. Pract Periodontics Aesthet Dent. 1996;8:241-254.
18. Arif R, Dennison JB, Garcia D, et al. Gingival health of porcelain lami-
nate veneered teeth: a retrospective assessment. Oper Dent. 2019;
23:452-458.
19. Magne P, Kim TH, Cascione D, Donovan TE. Immediate dentin sealing
improves bond strength of indirect restorations. J Prosthet Dent.
2005;94:511-519.
20. Magne P. Immediate dentin sealing: a fundamental procedure for
indirect bonded restorations. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2005;17:
144-154.
21. Revilla-León M, Besné-Torre A, Sánchez-Rubio JL, Fábrega JJ,
Özcan M. Digital tools and 3D printing technologies integrated into
the workflow of restorative treatment: a clinical report. J Prosthet
Dent. 2019;121:3-8.
22. Lambert H, Durand JC, Jacquot B, Fages M. Dental biomaterials for
chairside CAD/CAM: state of the art. J Adv Prosthodont. 2017;9:
486-495.
23. Alt V, Hannig M, Wöstmann B, Balkenhol M. Fracture strength of
temporary fixed partial dentures: CAD/CAM versus directly fabri-
cated restorations. Dent Mater. 2011;27:339-347.
24. Yilmaz B, Alp G, Seidt J, Johnston WM, Vitter R, McGlumphy EA.
Fracture analysis of CAD-CAM high-density polymers used for
interim implant-supported fixed, cantilevered prostheses. J Prosthet
Dent. 2018;120:79-84.
25. Rayyan MM, Aboushelib M, Sayed NM, Ibrahim A, Jimbo R. Compari-
son of interim restorations fabricated by CAD/CAM with those fabri-
cated manually. J Prosthet Dent. 2015;114:414-419.
26. Almohareb T, Alkatheeri MS, Vohra F, Alrahlah A. Influence of experi-
mental staining on the color stability of indirect computer-aided des-
ign/computer-aided manufacturing dental provisional materials. Eur J
Dent. 2018;12:269-274.
27. Malcmacher L. Snap-on smile: clinical applications. Dent Today. 2006;
25(118):120-121.
28. Chai SY, Bennani V, Aarts JM, Lyons K. Incisal preparation design
for ceramic veneers: a critical review. J Am Dent Assoc. 2018;149:
25-37.
29. McLaren EA, Whiteman YY. Ceramics: rationale for material selection.
Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2010;31:666-668.
30. McLaren EA, Figueira J. Updating classifications of ceramic dental
materials: a guide to material selection. Compend Contin Educ Dent.
2015;36:400-405.
31. Willis PJ. Temporization of porcelain laminate veneers. Compend Con-
tin Educ Dent. 1988;9:352.
32. Rada RE, Jankowski BJ. Porcelain laminate veneer provisionalization
using visible light-curing acrylic resin. Quintessence Int. 1991;22:
291-293.
10 ESQUIVEL ET AL.

33. Kurtz KS. Constructing direct porcelain laminate veneer provisionals. formed) and via CAD/CAM Technology. Eur J Prosthodont Restor
J Am Dent Assoc. 1995;126:653-656. Dent. 2016;24:10-17.
34. Kurbad ACAD. CAM-based polymer provisionals as treatment 40. Homsy FR, Özcan M, Khoury M, Majzoub ZAK. Comparison of fit
adjuncts. Int J Comput Dent. 2013;16:327-346. accuracy of pressed lithium disilicate inlays fabricated from wax or
35. Guichet D. Digitally enhanced dentistry: the power of digital design. resin patterns with conventional and CAD-CAM technologies.
J Calif Dent Assoc. 2015;43:135-141. J Prosthet Dent. 2018;120:530-536.
36. Magne P, So WS, Cascione D. Immediate dentin sealing supports del-
ayed restoration placement. J Prosthet Dent. 2007;98:166-174.
37. Kano P, Xavier C, Ferenca J, et al. Anatomical shell technique: an
approach to improve the esthetic predictability of CAD/CAM restora- How to cite this article: Esquivel J, Villarroel M, Tran D, Kee E,
tions. Quintessence Dent Technol. 2013;36:38-58. Bruggers K. The utilization of snap-on provisionals for dental
38. Kano P, Baratieri LN, Decurcio R, et al. The anatomical shell tech-
veneers: From an analog to a digital approach. J Esthet Restor
nique: mimicking nature. Quintessence Dent Technol. 2014;37:94-112.
39. Fathi HM, Al-Masoody AH, El-Ghezawi N, et al. The accuracy of fit of
Dent. 2020;1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.12563
crowns made from wax patterns produced conventionally (hand