18th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO/NANOTECHNOLOGIES AND ELECTRON DEVICES EDM 2017

Double-loop Stabilization System of

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Powerful Travelling Wave Tube
Nicholai A. Kalistratov, Ekaterina E. Mirgorodskaya, Eugene D. Karnaukhov,
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Abstract±7KHSDSHUGHVFULEHVVFKHPHVWRVWDELOL]HRIWKHRXWSXW  DQG  DUH IUHTXHQWO\ XVHG IURP DOO YDULHW\ RI VFKHPHV
YROWDJH RI WKH KLJKYROWDJH SRZHU VXSSOLHV IRU WKH SRZHUIXO which kept voltage stabilization of the delay system of TWT
WUDYHOLQJZDYHWXEHV,WLVVKRZQWKDWWKHFRQVLGHUHGVFKHPHV according to the type of using structure of regulation of
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output voltage [1].
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QRQH RI WKHVH VFKHPHV SURYLGHV WKH UHOLDEOH SRZHU VXSSO\ voltage multiplier, which also performs the function of
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V\VWHPIX]]\UHJXODWRUOLQJXLVWLFYDULDEOHV Fig. 1. The structural scheme of the stabilized power supply of the delay
system of TWT – scheme 1
I. INTRODUCTION

M ODERN trends in the development of microwave

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and the output power at the wide band gain contribute to the
widespread use of traveling wave tubes (TWT) in them in all
areas of electronics. Characteristics of their power sources
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The power supply system of TWT is a combination of
power sources, consisting of several high-voltage and high-
potential power sources which operate on the one load –
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forming the high voltage of the delay system of TWT. The Fig. 2. The structural scheme of the stabilized power supply of the delay
system of TWT – scheme 2.
spectrum and the phase of the output microwave signal are
largely depended on a stable functioning of the high voltage
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new theoretical and practical solutions for construction of
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this problem in this paper.
The deviation from the nominal value of the supply
voltage US and the load current (TWT) IL are disturbances
in both schemes.
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II. PROBLEM DEFINITION
The scheme with regulation on the side of AC (mains)
voltage – scheme 1 and the scheme with regulation on the
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Since this transistor is capable to change the output
impedance widely (from a few Ohms to several MOhms)
and therefore the value of the input AC voltage amplitude

978-1-5090-6688-9/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE

18th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO/NANOTECHNOLOGIES AND ELECTRON DEVICES EDM 2017
of the voltage multiplier from 0 to the maximum value, then
this scheme is capable to operate over the wide range of
disturbances. Figure 1 shows that the control element is not
affected directly on the output value, but through the voltage
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a substantial inertia as compared with other elements, and
therefore they mainly determine the rapidity of the system.
The stabilized power supply of the delay system of
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The structural scheme of stabilization system is shown in
Figure 3. The main (fast-acting) control loop is shown by
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error signal 1, the regulator 2, the adder 10 which performs
subtraction of the voltage drop at the control element 2
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the setpoint U0. The operation of this loop is fully consistent
with the scheme 2.
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mains voltage supplied is converted by the inverter into
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which are transformed then, and thereby galvanic isolation
of network circuits and load circuits are performed. Then,
the secondary voltage of the transformer is converted by
the voltage multiplier 3 into the constant high voltage.
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reference voltage are compared; the result of comparing
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element 2. The high voltage FET or MOSFET is used as this
control element. The circuit of the drain-source (collector-
emitter) of this transistor is switched into the circuit of the Fig. 3. The structural scheme of the double-loop stabilization system of an
load current and the voltage multiplier 3 in series. Through output voltage of high-voltage power supply of the delay system of TWT.
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difference between the voltage multiplier 3 and the control The additional control loop, which has a lower rapidity,
element 2. So the output voltage of the power supply of the consists of the voltage multiplier 3, the second control
delay system is formed. This is the scheme with regulation HOHPHQW  WKH VHFRQG DPSOL¿HU RI GLIIHUHQFH VLJQDO  WKH
RQWKHVLGHRIWKHUHFWL¿HGKLJKYROWDJH second divider of the feedback voltage 9 and the setpoint
The serial connection of the low-inertia control element U0’. The operation of this loop is consistent with the scheme
(transistor) and the load achieves high rapidity and low 1.
dynamic output impedance of the supply. %RWK FRQWURO ORRS KDYH DQ LQÀXHQFH RQ WKH RXWSXW
It was found that the falling of the output voltage for the voltage U +HUHZLWK WKLV IDVWDFWLQJ ORRS ZLWK D OLPLWHG
VFKHPHLVDERXWDQGIRUWKHVFKHPH±DERXW range of adjustment compensates for the part of the error
with the pulse load and the duration of the leading edge of
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result of the simulation, which was made by the simulation
package Micro-Cap. The amplitude of the pulsation of the
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multiplier) for the scheme 2 is about 7 times less than for the
scheme 1 with the maximum continuous load current of 70
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Further research showed that the scheme 1 has a
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the control element of the main loop, and comparing it to
the setpoint U0’, generates the voltage at the output of the
voltage multiplier UVM with a delay, to compensate for the
rest part of the error, preventing the output of the voltage of
the regulator of the main loop from its control range.
The open mode is realized when the regulator voltage of
the main loop is out of its range because the feedback is torn
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setpoint U0’, which leads to a rapid increase of the output
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transistor parameters and the voltage of supply.
So, none of these schemes provides the reliable power
supply in whole set of load conditions and conditions of
changing of parameters of the mains.
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the problem of ensuring the reliable power supply in whole
sets which have the practical importance.
III. T+(25<
This problem can be solved by the synthesis of the system
of stabilization which combines both methods of control
used in viewed schemes [2].
voltage, and therefore, to the restoration of the main mode
of operation of the transistor and to the return to the main
mode of stabilization.
A feature of the system of stabilization according to Figure
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for the entire system and additional U0’ for control the
voltage at the control element of the main loop. The value
U0’ is determined by the value of the desired output voltage
to the greatest extent, i.e. the value of U0+RZHYHUWKHORDG
current IL and the voltage of supply USLVLQÀXHQFHGRQWKH
optimum value of the setpoint U0’. Both these values vary
in the process of functioning of the system, that’s why the
rigid setting of U0’ leads to the deviation of its parameters
from the optimal values. In this regard, the fuzzy regulator
[3] has been introduced into the system of stabilization. It
 18th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO/NANOTECHNOLOGIES AND ELECTRON DEVICES EDM 2017

provides the automatic setting of the value U0’ depending ,Q WKLV H[DPSOH LW ZDV HQRXJK WR FRQ¿QH E\ WKH WKUHH
on the determined value U0 and the changing of the values IL WHUPVHWVIRUHDFKRI/3
and the voltage of supply US.
The fuzzy regulator is designed so that it performs the ɌLC VPDOOI1) + normal (I2) + great (I3);
IXQFWLRQ RI WKH ÀH[LEOH FRHI¿FLHQW RI WKH YLUWXDO ³YROWDJH ɌSV VPDOOU1) + normal (U2) + great (U3);
divider” k(IL, US) which depends on values of IL and US. Ɍk VPDOOk1) + normal (k2) + great (k3).
Thus, the optimal value U0’ is realized at any current values
RIWKHVHYDULDEOHV Membership functions for fuzzy values “small”, “medium”
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U 0 ' k ( I L ,U S ) ˜ U 0 . Inference rules, that are fuzzy statements, construct under
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7KH VFKHPH RI UHDOL]DWLRQ RI WKH FRHI¿FLHQW WKH YLUWXDO the output logic variable k is of the form when we have two
³YROWDJHGLYLGHU´LVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH input logical variables IL and US

IF LC IL AND SV US7+(1k k,

where IL, US, k – fuzzy values of corresponding variables.

The table of inference rules was formed to determine the
value of the output variable for all possible combinations of
values of the input variables on the basis of experience of
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,Q)LJXUH±IX]]\UHJXODWRU±GHYLFHRIPXOWLSOLFDWLRQ TABLE I
Linguistic variables (LV) are introduced for formulating TABLE OF INFERENCE RULES OF The F8==<R(*8/$725
RI LQIHUHQFH UXOHV RI WKH IX]]\ UHJXODWRU ³ORDG FXUUHQW´ SV U1 U2 U3
(hereafter LC), “mains voltage” (SV³GLYLGHUFRHI¿FLHQW´
(k 7KH\ FRUUHVSRQG WR WKH SK\VLFDO TXDQWLWLHV LC – the
value of the load current, SV – the current value of the mains
voltage, k±FRHI¿FLHQWRIGLYLVLRQ
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the task, here T – term-set, N – set of fuzzy numbers,
corresponding to the elements T, and fuzzy numbers of LR-
type were used for setting values of LP.
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LC
I1 k1 k1 k2
I2 k1 k2 k3
I3 k2 k3 k3
IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
The research of the proposed double loop stabilization
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have been carried out. Figure 6 shows the comparative results
of the reaction of the discussed stabilization systems on the
increment of maximum load for the double loop system. We
considered the heaviest mode of work of the systems with
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It must be concluded that the double loop stabilization
system has the lesser order of magnitude of the output voltage
at the changing of any disturbance based on the analysis
of the graphes 1 and 3, Figure 6. The results of simulation
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impossibility of its using when the output voltage is greater
than 6 kV. The simulation was made when the supply voltage
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V. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
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of TWT is achieved by using the double loop stabilization
system of the output voltage in all sets of the load modes
and the mains. It is superior to existing systems to reduce of
the voltage dip due to increment of the load of 70 mA from
18th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO/NANOTECHNOLOGIES AND ELECTRON DEVICES EDM 2017 

WRIURP9WR9WRUHGXFHRIWKHRXWSXW (NDWHULQD(0LUJRURGVND\D, Cherepovets of Vologda

YROWDJHGHYLDWLRQZKHQWKHPDLQVYROWDJHLVFKDQJLQJRI“ UHJLRQ  \HDU RI ELUWK FDQGLGDWH RI 7HFKQLFDO
Sciences, Associate Professor of Systems Engineering
IURPWRIURP9WR9WRUHGXFHRI RI<XUL*DJDULQ6WDWH7HFKQLFDO8QLYHUVLW\RI6DUDWRY
WKHULSSOHDPSOLWXGHRIWKHRXWSXWYROWDJHIURPWR 5HVHDUFK LQWHUHVWV ± SRZHU HOHFWURQLFV DUWL¿FLDO
IURP9WR9 intelligence systems.

(XJHQH ' .DUQDXNKRY, Marks of Saratov region,

1990 year of birth, a graduate student of Systems
(QJLQHHULQJRI<XUL*DJDULQ6WDWH7HFKQLFDO8QLYHUVLW\
of Saratov. Research interests – power electronics.

1LNLWD 3 0LW\DVKLQ 0RVFRZ  \HDU RI ELUWK

3K' 3URIHVVRU RI 6\VWHPV (QJLQHHULQJ RI <XUL
*DJDULQ6WDWH7HFKQLFDO8QLYHUVLW\RI6DUDWRY5HVHDUFK
Fig. 6. Test of the systems for load regulation on increment of 70 mA
interests – systemic problems of electrical systems,
DW  PV DQG FKDQJLQJ RI VXSSO\ YROWDJH RI  DW  PV   power electronics, decision making under uncertainty.
DWPVVFKHPH±JUDSKVFKHPH±JUDSKdouble-loop stabilization
system – graph 3.

<XUL%7RPDVKHYVN\, Sverdlovsk, 1960 year of birth,

VI. CONCLUSION 3K' 3URIHVVRU RI 6\VWHPV (QJLQHHULQJ RI <XUL
*DJDULQ6WDWH7HFKQLFDO8QLYHUVLW\RI6DUDWRY5HVHDUFK
The conducted researches of systems of stabilization of interests – control of electrical complexes, power
HOHFWURQLFVDUWL¿FLDOLQWHOOLJHQFHV\VWHPV
output voltage of high-voltage power supplies of the delay
system for the high-power travelling wave tubes have shown
advantages of the synthesized double-loop stabilization
system before systems which were applied up to now in all 'PLWU\<X9LWNDVRY, Saratov, 1990 year of birth, an
practically important operating modes both on a range of XQGHUJUDGXDWHVWXGHQWRI6\VWHPV(QJLQHHULQJRI<XUL
regulation of voltage, and on dynamic indicators. *DJDULQ6WDWH7HFKQLFDO8QLYHUVLW\RI6DUDWRY5HVHDUFK
interests – power electronics.
These advantages of the double-loop system are achieved
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between the two control loops depending on the load current
and the supply mains voltage. The redistribution device is
based on a fuzzy regulator.
The described approach to the synthesis of output voltage
stabilization systems can be useful in the construction of
ÀH[LEOH V\VWHPV IRU VWDELOL]LQJ RI WKH RXWSXW YROWDJH RI
power supplies operating in wide ranges of load and primary
voltage.

REFERENCES
[1] /DQFRY 9 9ODGLPLURY ( +LJKYROWDJH SRZHU VXSSOLHV 3DUW  
3RZHUHOHFWURQLFV±±ʋ±3LQ5XVVLDQ
[2] Kalistratov N.A., Mityashin N.P. Modeling of double-loop
stabilization output voltage system of power supply of delay system
RI SRZHUIXO WUDYHOLQJ ZDYH WXEHV  3UDFWLFDO SRZHU HOHFWURQLFV ±
±ʋ±3LQ5XVVLDQ
[3] 0DPGDQL(+$VVLOLDQ6$QH[SHULPHQWLQOLQJXLVWLFV\QWKHVLVZLWK
IX]]\ORJLFFRQWUROOHU,QW-0DQ0DFKLQH6WXGLHV±±9RO
ʋ±3

1LFKRODL$ .DOLVWUDWRY, Sergievka Kalininsk district

of Saratov region, 1982 year of birth, a graduate student
RI6\VWHPV(QJLQHHULQJRI<XUL*DJDULQ6WDWH7HFKQLFDO
University of Saratov. Research interests – power
electronics.