UNIT 7.

MATTER AND FORCES

4th Grade Primary School / Natural Science

Pedro Antonio López Hernández
Colegio La Presentación de Granada
 MATTER
It is everything around you. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

Properties of matter Specific properties of matter

These properties make each type of matter good for some uses but not
Volume Mass for others.

1 2
It is amount of It is the amount of Flexibility Resistance
space a body - Cloth is flexible because - Brick is resistant because
matter in a body. it can bend without
occupies. it is difficult to break.
breaking. - Glass is fragile because it
We measure mass in - Wood is rigid because it is easy to break.
We measure volume GRAMS or KILOGRAMS cannot bend.
with LITRES, using using SCALES and
instruments like BALANCES.
MEASURING JUGS
and CYLINDERS. When the two pans are
We use different level, the two objects
containers have the same mass.
depending on the
amount of volume
we want to
3 Hardness 4 Conductivity
- Steel is strong because it is difficult to be scratched. - Wood is insulating because it does not conduct heat.
measure. - Plastic is soft because it can be scratched. - Metal is heat conductive because it transmits heat.
 PURE SUBSTANCES AND MIXTURES

Mixture
Pure substance
It is the matter
It is matter made made up of several They are homogeneous
up of a single substances. mixture that are either
substance. made of two liquids, a
Solutions liquid and a solid or a
liquid and a gas.
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
mixture
mixture
Water The components of a solution are:
We can see the
It is impossible to
different
distinguish the
ingredients and we
different
can separated The solvent The solute
substances.They
them.
are made of
It is substance that is It is substance that is
different
larger in quantity. smaller in quantity.
ingredients.
Salad

Paella
Tomato
 SEPARATIN MIXTURES

Filtration Evaporation
Distillation

It is used to separate
It is used to separate It is used to separate
heterogeneous mixtures of a liquid
homogeneous mixtures of liquids. homogeneous mixtures of a liquid
and a solid, like water and sand.
and a solid, like water and salt.
For example: For example:
For example:
Pour the mixture through paper. It Heat the mixture until one of the
liquid evaporates. When it cools, it Heat the mixture. After a while, the
lets the water pass through and
condenses and is collected in water will evaporate, leaving the
retains the sand.
liquid form. salt.
 CHANGES IN MATTER

Physical changes
Chemical changes

They are changes that don´t vary the composition of matter. They are substances which are transformed
into others.
They can be caused by:
In these reactions, substances called reactants
are turned into different substances, called
Application of forces, products.
Changes in temperature,
which produce changes which can produce
of state. changes in movement or
shape of bodies. There are different types of chemical changes

- Fusion: it is the change

from a solid state to a
We can deform Oxidation Fermentation
liquid state. We can apply a Combustion
or break matter It occurs when a It takes place
- Evaporation: It is the force to matter in It occurs
if we apply a substance in the absence
change from a liquid order to move it. when a
force to it. combines with of oxygen. It
state to a gas state. material
the oxygen in the requires the
- Solidification: It is the combines
air and forms a action of yeast
change from a liquid with oxygen
new substance. or bacteria.
state to a solid state. and burns.
- Condensation: It is the
change from a gas state
to a liquid state.
 FORCES CONTACT FORCES: They act when two bodies touch each
other. For example: When you push a door with your hand
to open it.
They are interactions between bodies. They can be classified as:
NON-CONTACT FORCES: They don´t require the bodies to
touch. For example: when a magnet attracts a paperclip
or when Earth attracts a ball that is in the air.

Forces change when bodies move Forces cause deformation and breakage

3 1
Elastic bodies
2
1 Forces can
They return to their Rigid bodies
cause a They experience very
Forces can cause a pervious shape
body to increase or 2 Forces can
stationary
when the force that little deforming because
body to begin they break when force is
decrease its speed. was deforming
cause a moving.
them is no longer applied to them.
moving body
to change applied.
For example: a glass.
direction.
For example: an
elastic band

3 Plastic bodies
They are deformed but don´t
return to their original shape
when the force stops acting.

For example: The mud, clay and

plasticine.
 MATERIALS
The matter we use to make objects is called material. Each material has certain properties that differentiate if from others.

Impermeability

- An impermeable material
doesn´t allow liquid to pass
through it.

- A permeable material allows

liquids to pass through it.
Elasticity Strength

- An elastic material returns to - A strong material is

its original shape after it is difficult to break.
stretched or bent.
- A fragile material breaks
- A malleable material easily.
changes its shape.
Transparency

- A transparent material allows

light to pass through it.

- An opaque material doesn´t

allow light to pass through it.
 HOW MATERIALS ARE USED
Clothing and shoes
They are strong, elastic, light and smooth
so that they are comfortable.
For example: cotton and polyester.
Machines and tools
They need strong materials like steel.
Buildings and roads However, the parts we touch are made
of insulating materials that protect us
They need strong materials that can from heat and electricity.
support a lot of weight.
They also need to use impermeable For example: plastic and wood.
materials to withstand the action of the
rain.
For example: concrete, asphalt, rocks
and clay.