Jeff Hentzen F.

Simene BSME3A_M1

Fundamentals of Deformable Bodies

1. In figure shows a 4 x 4 x 1/2 steel column made from ASTM A500 Grade B structural steel. To
accommodate a special mounting restriction, the load is applied eccentrically as shown. Determine the
amount of load that the column can safely support. The column is supported laterally by the structure.

For ASTM A500 B Structural steel, we find from steel tables that the modulus of elasticity and its yield
strength are:
𝑆𝑦 = 42 000 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝐸 = 30 × 106 𝑝𝑠𝑖
From structural steel tables, we find that the properties of a 4x4x1/2-inch structural tube are:

𝑙 = 12.3 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ4
𝐴 = 6.36 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ2
𝑟 = 1.39 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ

Solution:
2𝜋 2 𝐸 2𝜋 2 (30 × 106 𝑝𝑠𝑖)
𝐶𝑐 = √ =√ = 118.6
𝑆𝑦 42 000 𝑝𝑠𝑖
K=1.0
𝐾𝐿 = 1 × 1.0 × 10.5 𝑓𝑡
𝐾𝐿 = 10.5 𝑓𝑡
Slenderness Ratio,
𝑖𝑛
𝐾𝐿 1 × 10.5 × 12 𝑓𝑡
= = 90.6
𝑟 1.39 𝑖𝑛
𝑤 4 𝑖𝑛
𝑐= = = 2 𝑖𝑛
2 2
𝑒 = 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 − 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
= 5.0 𝑖𝑛 − 2 𝑖𝑛
= 3.0 𝑖𝑛

Simene, Jeff Hentzen F.

 𝑃𝑦 𝑒𝑐 𝐾𝐿 𝑃𝑦
𝑆𝑦 = [1 + 2 sec ( √ )]
𝐴 𝑟 2𝑟 𝐴𝐸
𝑖𝑛
𝑃𝑦 (3)(2)𝑖𝑛 10.5 × 12 𝑃𝑦
𝑓𝑡
42 000 𝑝𝑠𝑖 = 2 [1 + 2 sec ( √ )]
6.36 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ (1.39 𝑖𝑛) 2(1.39 𝑖𝑛) (6.36 𝑖𝑛)30 × 106 𝑝𝑠𝑖

267 120 𝑙𝑏 = 𝑃𝑦 [1 + 3.11 sec (0.0033√𝑃𝑦 )]

𝑃𝑦 (𝑙𝑏)
sec (0.0033√𝑃𝑦 ) 𝑃𝑦 [1 + 3.11 sec (0.0033√𝑃𝑦 )] (𝑙𝑏)

20 000 1.120 89 664

40 000 1.266 197 490
50 000 1.307 253 239
60 000 1.448 274 217
𝑃𝑐𝑟 − 50 000 𝑙𝑏 267 120 𝑙𝑏 − 253 239 𝑙𝑏
=
60 000 𝑙𝑏 − 50 000 𝑙𝑏 274 217 − 253 239 𝑙𝑏

𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 56 617 𝑙𝑏

𝑃𝑐𝑟 56 617 𝑙𝑏
𝑃𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = = = 18 872 𝑙𝑏
𝑁 3

𝑷𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘 = 𝟏𝟖 𝟖𝟕𝟐 𝒍𝒃

Simene, Jeff Hentzen F.

2. Specify the diameter of a round column 1.5 m long that is to carry a maximum load estimated to be
22 kN. Use a design factor Nd = 4 and consider the ends as pinned (rounded). The column material
selected has a minimum yield strength of 500 MPa and a modulus of elasticity of 207 GPa.

𝑃𝑐𝑦 = 𝑛𝑑 𝑃 = 6(22)𝑘𝑁 = 88 𝑘𝑁
From table 6-2, c=1, then,
1 1 1
64𝑃𝑐𝑦 𝜆2 4 64(88)(1.5)2 4 103 4
𝑑=( 3 ) =( 3 ) ( 9 ) (103 ) = 37.48 𝑚𝑚
𝜋 𝑐𝐸 𝜋 (1)(207) 10
Table A-15 shows that the preferred size is 60 mm.
𝜆 𝑙 1.5𝑥103
= = = 150
𝑘 𝑑 40
4 4
1 1
𝜆 2𝜋(1)(207) 2 109 2
=( ) ( 6 ) = 90.4
𝑘 500 10
Which indicates that it is indeed a Euler column.

So select, d = 40 mm

Simene, Jeff Hentzen F.

3. A toggle device is being used to compact scrap steel shavings, as illustrated in the figure. Design the
two links of the toggle to be steel, AISI 5160 OQT 1000, with a circular cross section and pinned ends.
The force P required to crush the shavings is 5000 Ib. Use N = 3.50; and propose a design that will be
lighter than the solid circular section.

1
64𝑁𝑃(𝐾𝐿)2 4
𝐷=( )
𝜋 3𝐸
𝐾 = 1.0
𝐸 = 2.56𝑥107 𝑝𝑠𝑖
1
64(3.5)(5000)(1𝑥60)2 4
𝐷=( ) = 1.501 𝑖𝑛
𝜋 3 (2.56𝑥107 𝑝𝑠𝑖)

𝑫 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟎𝟏 𝒊𝒏

The radius of gyration is found with the equation

𝐷
𝑟=
4
1.46
= = 0.365
4
𝐾𝐿 1(60)
= = 164
𝑟 0.365
Because this value is larger the known column constant, the column should be long and the diameter
would be 1.501 in.

Simene, Jeff Hentzen F.

4. A rod for a certain hydraulic cylinder behaves as a fixed free column when used to actuate a
compactor of industrial waste. Its maximum extended length will be 10.75 ft. If it is to be made of AISI
1144 OQT 1300 steel, determine the required diameter of the rod for a design factor of 2.5 for an axial
load of 25 000 Ib.
1
64𝑁𝑃(𝐾𝐿)2 4
𝐷=( )
𝜋 3𝐸
1
64(2.5)(25000)((2.1)(10.75𝑥12)2 4
𝐷=( )
𝜋 3 30𝑥106
𝐷 = 4.21 𝑖𝑛
Choose a standard diameter is D = 4.25 in.
Verification:
𝐷
𝑟 = = 1.0625 𝑖𝑛
4
𝑆𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
𝐾𝐿 2.1(10.75𝑥12)
= = 255
𝑟 1.0625
2𝜋 2 𝐸 2𝜋 2 (30𝑥106 )
𝐶𝑐 = √ =√ = 93.3
𝑆𝑦 68𝑥103
Since,
𝐾𝐿
> 𝐶𝑐
𝑟
255 > 97.3
Therefore, the column is long, and the calculated diameter is valid and correct. Thus, the minimum
required diameter is 4.25 in.

Simene, Jeff Hentzen F.

A brass bar AB projecting from the side of a large machine is loaded at end B by a force P=1500 lb
acting with an eccentricity e=0.45 in. shown in the figure. The bar has a rectangular cross section with
height h=1.2 in. and width b=0.6 in. What is the longest permissible length Lmax of the bar if the
deflection at the end is limited to 0.12 in.? (For the brass, use E=16x106 psi.)

𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼
𝑃𝑐𝑟 =
4 𝐿2
Where,
ℎ𝑏 3 1.2(0.6)3
𝐼= = = 0.02160 𝑖𝑛4
12 12
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 𝜋 2 (16𝑥106 )0.02160 𝑖𝑛4 857 700
𝑃𝑐𝑟 = = = 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑖𝑛2
4 𝐿2 4 𝐿2 𝐿2
𝜋 𝑃
𝛿 = 𝑒 [sec ( √ ) − 1]
2 𝑃𝑐𝑟

𝜋 1500
0.12 = 0.45 [sec ( √ ) − 1]
2 857 700
0.12
sec(0.06588𝐿) − 1 =
0.45
𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟎𝟑 𝒊𝒏

Simene, Jeff Hentzen F.