JIMMA UNIVERSITY

JIMMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING
COMMUNITY BASED TRAINING PROGRAM (CBTP)
PHASE IV SOLUTION MODEL OF PHASE-III

JAUNARY, 2019

JIMMMA ETHOIPA

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 JIMMA UNIVERSITY

JIMMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING
COMMUNITY BASED TRAINING PROGRAM (CBTP)
PHASE IV SOLUTION MODEL OF PHASE-III

Student Name Id No

1. Abdeta Abebe RU0009/07

2. Abdi Dejene RU0015/07
3. Abdisa Amante RU 0027/ 07
4. Adisu Adugna RU0114/07
5. Adugna Duguma RU0123/07
6. Alemu Tamiru RU0158/07
7. Aman Dewano RU0166/07

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 DECLARATION

We declare that this model of work hand pump well including its report and all materials that
used for our practical knowledge is our own work.

Student name Id no signature

8.Abdeta Abebe RU0009/07 ………

9.Abdi Dejene RU0015/07 ………
10.Abdisa Amante RU 0027/ 07 ………
11.Adisu Adugna RU0114/07 ………
12.Adugna Duguma RU0123/07 ………
13.Alemu Tamiru RU0158/07 ……….
14.Aman Dewano RU0166/07 ………

This final report of phase four solution model of phase three is submitted to department of
water supply and environmental engineering.

Advisor name …………………………… …………………….

Signature ………………..

Date ………………….

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 AKNOWLEGEMENT

First and most, we praise the Almighty God, for his mercy, love and enable us to be alive and
execute our task from our starting time to this end.

Secondly we would like to express our deepest profound sense of gratitude to Jimma
University Jimma Institute of technology which allows us to initiate us to help our community
using our profession skills and knowledge to practice in accordance to the curriculum of
community based training program (CBTP).

Again we would like to give our appreciation to the water supply and environmental engineering
department and community based education (CBE) coordinator office for the preparation of such
theoretical with practical oriented program for us.

We went to pass our deep acknowledgment and express our sense of gratitude to our advisor
instructor Dr Dejene. And Seblawengel. For their advice to give us endless motivation on our
project to have these features.

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 Executive summery

This report tries to solve the water supply problem, solution and models of a water supply
hand pump well with the help of appropriate technology to Bosa kito Kebele which is found in
west of Jimma town. In which there is inadequate and insufficient of water supply is existed.
Its main objectives is sustaining the demand of water for Bosa kito Keble society in most
economic minor and saving the whole people of the Keble from water born disease. The
result of repression analysis shows that the average family size and presence of distance
travel to obtain water, quality of water are statically significant to explain the difference in
daily per capital water consumption among individual family of the Kebele.

This document is containing the following contents:-

The first chapter is contain introduction about back ground of project, the general objective
of modeling, is to easy visualizes the prototype and showing the hand pump model by using
the locally available materials The second portion is deal about the methodology that we
have been used during preparation of hand pump well model and, the types of material used
for preparation of this model, some limitation during preparation of hand dug well model,
break down budget, general and specific objective, conclusion and recommendation.

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 Table of Contents

DECLARATION.......................................................................................................I
AKNOWLEGEMENT..............................................................................................II
Executive summery.................................................................................................III
Table of Contents....................................................................................................IV
LIST OF TABLE....................................................................................................VI
LIST OF FIGURE..................................................................................................VII
CHAPTER ONE........................................................................................................1
1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................1
1.1 Back ground the project................................................................................1
1.2 The Area is not coinstantaneous like town...................................................1
1.3 Advantage and disadvantage of hand pump well.........................................1
1.3.1 Advantage of hand pump well................................................................1
1.3.2 Disadvantage of hand pump well...........................................................1
1.4 Objective of modeling...................................................................................2
1.4.1 General objective....................................................................................2
1.4.2 Specific objectives..................................................................................2
1.5 Statement of the Modeling Problem.............................................................2
1.5.1 What is the problem we try to solve?.....................................................2
1.6 The scope of study........................................................................................2
CHAPTER TWO.......................................................................................................4
2 METHODOLOGY..............................................................................................4
2.1 Subject of study.............................................................................................4
2.1.1 Sources of data........................................................................................4
2.1.2 During collecting sources of related data to the project from this we
classify sources of date in two ways...................................................................4
2.1.3 Tools for data collection.........................................................................4
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 2.2 Data processing and analysis........................................................................4
2.2.1 Sampling technique................................................................................4
CHAPTER THREE...................................................................................................6
3 CONSTRUCTION OF HAND PUMP WELL...................................................6
3.1 Material needed for construction of hand pump well...................................6
3.1.1 Dimension of the material we have been used.......................................6
3.1.2 Operation of hand pump well.................................................................6
CHAPTER FOUR.....................................................................................................9
4 BUDGET AND TIME PLAN.............................................................................9
4.1 Source of budget for the project....................................................................9
4.2 Limitations..................................................................................................10
CHAPTER FIVE.....................................................................................................11
5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION................................................11
5.1 Conclusion..................................................................................................11
5.2 Recommendation........................................................................................11
Reference.................................................................................................................12

LIST OF TABLE

VII
Cost analysis........................................................................................................................9

VIII
 LIST OF FIGURE

1. Figure 3-1 Internal part of hand pump.................................................................................7

2. Figure 3-2 External part of hand pump model.....................................................................8

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 CHAPTER ONE

1INTRODUCTION

1.1 Back ground the project

Hand pump well is an appropriate technological way of water supply structure provided for
small village or town in a simplistic and cost effective manner in Ethiopia these wells are not
largely adapted in different parts of village or town.
As we have assessed the area of bosa kito, the most affordable technology to solve the
problem of the society that conserved with water supply is hand pump well. Because:
1.2 The Area is not coinstantaneous like town.
 To take water from deep hand dug well is preferable.
 Simple to excavating by human labor.
 Material used is somewhat economical.
 Because of its simplicity for operation.
 Construction and maintenance cost is low
1.3 Advantage and disadvantage of hand pump well
1.3.1 Advantage of hand pump well
 Require a cover slab which can be sealed to prevent ingress of polluted water
 Water discharge volumes are better than bucket and rope models
 Depending on the model, it can be relatively cheap
 With regular maintenance can have life span of over ten years
 Efficient and easy to operate
1.3.2 Disadvantage of hand pump well
 Hand dug wells very dangerous due to the high potential for cave –ins and lack of oxygen.
 Community participation may be difficult due to safety considerations
 Excavating a well is a hazardous undertaking, even in ideal conditions, and the work
cannot be passed lightly to inexperienced workers.
 While the construction phase may be longer than with other technologies, the longer time
will be useful in assuring the acceptance of the new system by the villagers since the
community will system by the by the villagers since the community will have more time
to witness the development and“ arrival” of the new system.

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 1.4 Objective of modeling
1.4.1 General objective
The objective of the modeling is to easy visualization the prototype and showing the hand
pump well model by using the locally available materials.
1.4.2 Specific objectives
The community living in bosa kito Kebele faces a great deal of problem related with shortage
of clean water supply. Related with this the specific objectives includes:-
 Supply enough or much amount of water for the proposed area.
 reduce burden on the society especially women by inducing appropriate hand pump well
pump in the area which will helps to supply clean water
 Terminate the distance travel of searching water.
 To enhance we students in interpreting our theoretical knowledge into practical
application.
 To create a team spirit among the students on the modeling proposed structures.
 To provide a solution for an area which have adequate problem.
1.5 Statement of the Modeling Problem
Around the world, it's a common feature of having poor water supply and abutment
alignment including poor modeling and design problem especially less developed countries
like Ethiopia. To avoid the above critical impacts best modeling samples has great value but
the modeling by itself may have problem since it is a simple and rough representation of the
structure. Unfortunately, the topographic features of modeling may not clearly state.
1.5.1 What is the problem we try to solve?
As a water supply and environmental engineering student, we tried to solve some problem
with the community which need minor construction procedures and some amount of material
in order to solve the problem.
1.6 The scope of study
We construct with possible minimum cost since the way in which we solve the problem of
community must be economically sound, we try to complete our work with the minimum
possible cost.
 We construct from widely available materials in the locality.
 We use environmentally friendly material and means construction since we need to solve
the problem of our community of using an appropriate technology.The places we visited
in previous phase have enabled us to understand the community faces a great deal of
problem related with shortage of supply of clean water. It is observed that in bosa kito

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Kebele most of the people live in the area gaining/fetching water after travelling an
average of 600m. This travelling of a long distance for the purpose of gaining water
affects their economy, time, safety and wellbeing of the society.

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 CHAPTER TWO

2METHODOLOGY

2.1 Subject of study

The site of proposed project to be constructed is in bosa kito Kebele before implementing the
Project some inputs or location of resources should be determined, thus in case of water and
environmental.

2.1.1 Sources of data

2.1.2 During collecting sources of related data to the project from this we
classify sources of date in two ways.
 Primary sources will be obtained by direct observation of the site under consideration,
including site investigation and site visit.
 Secondary sources include reference books from bosa kito Keble administration of water
supply and management offices.
2.1.3 Tools for data collection
 Performable questionnaires’.
 Pencil, pen, chalk.
 Observation
2.2 Data processing and analysis
Data processing and analysis has been done all group members by using:-
-Calculator
-Table
2.2.1 Sampling technique
After identifying the problem and selecting of appropriate technology, we have to demark the
position where it shall be a clear methodology like:-
 The water supply technology should be near to the community.
 Selecting the material in accordance with their economic, durability perspective of the
structure.
 Selecting of the best site /point by using previous knowledge of how to estimate the
availability of ground water i.e.
 The trees around.

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 By observing of the area.
 And topography of the site etc.
 Creating awareness to the society the construction to insure total assistance and help
during implementation.
 Consulting the local administrators’ about the plan and ensuring total collaboration.
 Good management of the construction site.

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 CHAPTER THREE

3CONSTRUCTION OF HAND PUMP WELL

3.1 Material needed for construction of hand pump well

For the manual preparation of hand pump well, we used material which is available in our
surrounding in relation with appropriate technology.
That material which we were used includes:
 Carton
 sticker(adhere)
 Paint
 Paper
 Cutter
 Uhu
3.1.1 Dimension of the material we have been used
Based on the quantity of water required by each house holder per day and the population data
of this particular village, we used dimensional specification of the above materials.
Therefore:
 40 cm by 30 cm carton
 A4 Paper
3.1.2 Operation of hand pump well
After our wide investigate we select the most appropriate technology for the proposed
problem that is shallow well or hand pump well with pump.
Its operation is seems like these:
With a shallow well piston hand pump well, the piston is placed in a cylindrical below the
water level which is usually 5-10m below the ground.
The plunger pots water in to the rising main and replacement water in drawn in to the cylinder
through a foot valve.
On the down-stoke, the foot valve closes, and water passes the plunger and is listed on the
next up stroke. It can yield 0.25 -0.36 l/s at 10m.
Hand pump parts
 Handle
 Pump rod

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 Water outlet
 Piston
 Piston valve
 Foot valve
 Rising main
 Suction lift

Figure 3-1 Internal part of hand pump

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Figure 3-2 External part of hand pump model

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4BUDGET AND TIME PLAN

4.1 Source of budget for the project

As a solution the project puts four options about fund generation mechanisms.
 From the local government.
 From Jimma university
 By the students’ labor force and skill we decide to accomplish the project.
 The participation of student, residences or society, non-governmental organizations and
all stake holders & other volunteers
Table 4-1 Cost analysis
No Type Unit Quantity Unit price Total price
needed

1 Carton _ 2 15 30

2 Paper _ - 20 50
3 Pencil _ 1 2 52
4 Cola _ 1 30 82

5 Sticker _ 1 40 122
6 Cutter _ 1 40 162
Total 162 birr

The total cost for this model is 162 birr including with transportation & equipment cost. This
means to construct the appropriate hand dug model using appropriate technologies. The time
schedule to prepare the model we used 10 hours in five days.For effective hand pump we drill
the selected point up to (8-12) meter until we get the water table from the observed data we
get the water table easy. After we get the water table we construct a structure which supports
the inserted piston which used to pump the water from the ground. With a shallow well piston
hand dug pump the piston is placed in a cylinder below the water, which is usually 8-12 meter
below the ground.
The plunger lifts the water in to the raising main, and replacement water is drown in to the
cylinder through a foot. We try to design the water supply system as much as possible with
minimum cost. Because as we mentioned there is a problem to get fund generates and as a
principal should be economically sound.

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We search many options to replace the cost for instance we put a mechanism to participate the
community labor force and uses a simple structure to build. We also searches and uses nearby
material and easy for transportation equipment and the structure is environmentally friendly.
The water station or supply system positions also a good and convention to the common.
4.2 Limitations
 The material used for modeling are very cheap and available, but at time being we did not
got easily because unusual market access around JIT.
 Lack of experience to prepared modeling
 Shortage of time to do this project.
 Shortage of finance or budget
 Lack of more information from the community

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 CHAPTER FIVE

5CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Conclusion
The program named as community based training program which is available only in Jimma
University is very important for students to show their capability to solve community problem
and show their model using locally available material. Understanding of good hand pump
model and their proper representation of their dimension. From our model it is concluded that
possible visualization of any model can be shown using locally available material.
5.2 Recommendation
Our country Ethiopia is one of developing country .as the result it is difficult to fulfils the
infrastructure for the society and also managing and protecting the infrastructure from the
different disturbance for these reason the society recommended as follows:-

 The society should well award about the technologies

 The society should take remedial action for simple problems that are easily solvable

 The society should actively participate for additional construction water supply structure

 The society must clean the surrounding to prevent water pollutant particles

 The society should inform to near ways water managing sector, when unfamiliar
characteristics of water appear.

 In general, the society must be manage and protect the water supply structure properly as
their individual property to assurifies its durability and functionality.

The modeling program is very important and gives an experience theoretical knowledge to
apply practical knowledge, but for this program Jimma institute of technology should be give
the material and working area for preparation modeling easily and lastly we would like to
recommend the department of water supply and Environmental engineering to assign the
advisor before the time of exam as much as possible.

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 Reference

 CBTP phase I
 CBTP phase II, appropriate technology
 Bosa kito Keble administration.
 Engineering hydrology.
 Books, water supply technology.

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