Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................ iv

List of figure ..................................................................................................................................................... v

List of tale ........................................................................................................................................................ v

Abbreviation.................................................................................................................................................... vi

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................... vii

CHAPTER-1 .................................................................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Company background and overviews .................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Vision ..................................................................................................................................................... 1

Energizing Ethiopia’s sustainable gross and enabling it to be power hub of Africa. ................................... 1

1.3 Mission ................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.4 Objectives of the company ..................................................................................................................... 2

1.5 Products and service of EEPCO-belles .................................................................................................. 2

1.6 The end users of EEPCO-belles ............................................................................................................. 2

1.7 Overall organization and work flow....................................................................................................... 2

CHAPTER-2 .................................................................................................................................................... 4

Training providing by the organization ............................................................................................................ 4

2.1 Over all system component and operation over view ............................................................................ 4

2.2 Operation of the power plant .................................................................................................................. 4

2.3 Main parts of the power plant. ............................................................................................................... 5

2.4 Intake ...................................................................................................................................................... 5

2.5 Components of intake............................................................................................................................. 5

2.6 Power house ........................................................................................................................................... 8

2.7 Hydraulic equipmentes........................................................................................................................... 8

2.8 Electrical equipmentes ........................................................................................................................... 8

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 2.7.1 Hydraulic turbine............................................................................................................................. 9

2.7.2 Governor ....................................................................................................................................... 10

2.7.3 Main inlet valve (MIV) ................................................................................................................. 11

Electrical equipments ................................................................................................................................. 12

2.8.1 Generator ....................................................................................................................................... 12

2.8.2 Power transformer ......................................................................................................................... 15

2.8.3 Other electrical equipments in the power house............................................................................ 16

2.8.4 Excitation transformer ................................................................................................................... 16

2.8.5 Powerhouse – Machinery cooling system ..................................................................................... 17

2.8.6 Powerhouse – Fire Fighting System .............................................................................................. 18

2.9 Switch yard........................................................................................................................................... 19

2.9.1 Parts of switchyard ........................................................................................................................ 19

2.10 Overall benefits that we gain from the internship .............................................................................. 21

2.10.1 to improve theoretical knowledge ............................................................................................... 22

2.10.2 to improve practical skill ............................................................................................................. 22

2.10.3 to improve team playing skill ...................................................................................................... 22

2.10.4 To improve leadership skill. ........................................................................................................ 22

2.10.5 to improve interpersonal communication skill ............................................................................ 23

2.10.6 to improve understanding of work ethics .................................................................................... 23

2.10.7 to improve entrepreneurship skill ................................................................................................ 24

CHAPTER -3 ................................................................................................................................................. 25

3. Task assigned ............................................................................................................................................. 25

A. In maintenance .................................................................................................................................. 25

3.1 The procedures we have been using while performing our work tasks ............................................... 25

3.2 Challenges that we have been facing during performing our task ....................................................... 26

3.3 Measurements that we have taken to solve challenges ........................................................................ 26

CHAPTER-4 .................................................................................................................................................. 27

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4. Problems assigned ...................................................................................................................................... 27

Project title: load analysis for standby diesel generator ................................................................................. 27

Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................... 27

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 27

4.1 Problem statement ................................................................................................................................ 28

Objectives ....................................................................................................................................................... 28

4.2Main objectives ..................................................................................................................................... 28

4.3 Specific objectives................................................................................................................................ 28

4.4 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................ 28

4.5 Solution ................................................................................................................................................ 29

CHAPTER-5 .................................................................................................................................................. 31

5. Conclusion and recommendation ............................................................................................................... 31

5.1 Conclusion............................................................................................................................................ 31

5.2 Recommendation of the company ........................................................................................................ 31

5.3 Recommendation for university linkage .............................................................................................. 31

5.4 Recommendation for department ......................................................................................................... 32

Reference........................................................................................................................................................ 32

iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all we would like to great thanks for MIZAN-TEPI University, for Electrical and
computer Engineering Department head (Miss MESERET) and for University industry linkage
office (DR. SHEGAW) for giving this opportunity of being parts of the internship program.
We want to say special thanks for the following persons and organizations that contributes great
role in our four month internship program.we would like to thank our company supervisor Miss
ADEY and Miss ABEBA who helped us a lot in gathering different information and about giving
data and guides from time to time in making internship program and also we want to say special
thanks to all Belles Hydropower plant workers.

iv
List of figure
Figure 1 generation operation organizational structure of EEP ....................................................................... 3
Figure 2 the general overview of Beles hydropower plant .............................................................................. 4
Figure 3: Principal operation of hydropower ................................................................................................... 5
Figure 4 components of intake ......................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 5 hydrualic turbine ................................................................................................................................ 9
Figure 6 over all MIV system ........................................................................................................................ 12
Figure 7 generator circuit breaker .................................................................................................................. 15
Figure 8 over all water cooling system ......................................................................................................... 18
Figure 9 Fire Fighting System ........................................................................................................................ 19
Figure 10 general over view of switchyard .................................................................................................... 21
Figure 11 general flow chart for diesel generator .......................................................................................... 28

List of tale

Table 1 generator rating ................................................................................................................................. 13

v
 Abbreviation
EEPCO……………………………………….Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation

BMHPP……………………………………...Belles Multipurpose Hydro Power Plant

ICS…………………………………………..Inter Connected System

SCS………………………………………….Self Connected System

HVAC……………………………………….Heat Ventilation and Air Conditioning

MIV………………………………………….Main Inlet Valve

SCADA……………………………………...Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

DC……………………………………………Direct current

AC……………………………………………Alternating Current

EELPA……………………………………….Ethiopian Electric Light and Power Authority

GCB…………………………………………..Generator Circuit Breaker

KV……………………………………………..Kilo Volt

KVA…………………………………………...Kilo Volt Amper

mA……………………………………………..mili Amper

OFWF………………………………………….Oil Forced Water Forced

MVA…………………………………………..Mega Volt Amper

MW……………………………………………Mega Watt

CW…………………………………………….Clock Wise

vi
ABSTRACT
This report document includes Tana Belles generating station overview and back ground of the
company.The importance of the internship program is obviously known in education. Because it
gives the student a chance to link his/her theoretical background to the real world applications. It
also helps the student to develop different personal skills. This company is responsible for
generating an electrical energy. During our intern we know general idea about hydro power plant
and basic components of this generation like intake, power house, distribution board, out let and
switch yard and also how the control system analysis, measurement, Inspections, Maintenance and
using different equipment to maintain temporary as well as permanent faults. Over all about
internship, benefits obtained in internship, principal operation of hydro power plant and their
components, recommendations and reference.

vii
i
i
 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Company background and overviews

The hosting company EEPCO / Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation is working on TanaBeles
Hydro Power plant. The Ethiopian Electric Light and Power Authority (EELPA), which were
established in 1956 E.C. after having undergone restructuring, have been reorganized as the
Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation (EEPCO). Presently the Corporation maintains two different
power supply systems; namely, the Interconnected System (ICS), which is mainly supplied from
hydropower plants, and the Self-Contained System (SCS), which consists of mini hydropower
plants and a number of isolated diesel generating units that are widely spread over the country.
Out of those Tana beles multipurpose hydroelectric power plant is located at the North West part
of the country in Amhara regional administration state. Tana beles 560 km far from the capital city
of Ethiopia. The power plant is constructed by Italy company salini costruttori s.p.a and
inaugurated on May 2010. And the power output of the plant is 460 mw. In addition to power
production this power plant has a significant mission for the country. That is used for irrigation
purpose for the downstream area. The power house is located in the south west bank of Lake Tana
and apart from a 12 km long tunnel, and it is developed completely in underground for a total
length of about 20km including the tailrace tunnel. The headrace tunnel conveys water from Lake
Tana in to underground powerhouse; it accommodates four Francis turbine-generating units.

1.2 Vision

Energizing Ethiopia’s sustainable gross and enabling it to be power hub of Africa.

1.3 Mission
To be A world class utility and contribute do days nation building by insuring delivery of coast,
effective ,safe, and high quality power and to enable inter connection across Africa contents for
exporting surplus power. EEU shall strict towards achieving international standards for customer

1
care through subtend capacity building, operational and financial excellence, state-of-the-art
technology while insuring higher standards of corporate governance and ethics”.

1.4 Objectives of the company

To provide a major link to deliver the power generated from belles power plant to the load
centers of the northwest region of the country which is connected to the grid. This
improves the power supply reliability and system stability of the national grid.

1.5 Products and service of EEPCO-belles

The main products of the EEPCO Company is an Electric power (Energy) which is generated
From Hydropower; wind; Diesels and Geothermal as we see from the below data.
The EEPCO Company has the following Electric energy potentials:
1. Hydro power more than 45,000MW
2. Wind more than 10,000 MW
3. Geothermal more than 5,000

1.6 The end users of EEPCO-belles

Main customers are those who are connected to get electric energy. The total number of connected
customers at present has been reached 1,900,000. The number of customers is connected in the
ICS and SCS of EEPCO respectively

1.7 Overall organization and work flow

The organizational structure of generation -operation systems in EEPCO is almost the same. The
work flow in generation - operation has the following branches. From these brunch in my intern
period of TBHPP worked in the maintenance team section

2
Figure 1 generation operation organizational structure of EEP

3
CHAPTER-2

Training providing by the organization

2.1 Over all system component and operation over view

In The Beles multipurpose project water from Lake Tana is taken via the intake structures. These
structures are the main gats for the water to enter the whole system. Hence we have tried to explain
the flow of water form this intake structures to the outlet where the water is finally combined with
the Jehana River after finishing its journey through the tunnel and goes to give yet another use for
irrigation in the surrounding area.

Figure 2 the general overview of Beles hydropower plant

2.2 Operation of the power plant

The flow of water from the end of headrace tunnel to tailrace tunnel converts potential
energy in to kinetic energy and the flowing water is directed at a turbine. The flowing
water causes the turbine to rotate, and converting the water’s kinetic energy into
mechanical energy.

4
 The mechanical energy produced by the turbine is converted into electrical energy using a
turbine and generator shaft. Inside the generator, the shaft of the turbine spins a magnet
inside coils of copper wire. It is a fact of nature that moving a magnet near a conductor
causes an electric current.

Figure 3: Principal operation of hydropower

2.3 Main parts of the power plant.

 Intake
 Switchyard
 Power house
 Outlet

2.4 Intake
It is the inlet structure of the plant which provides water to the turbine through head race tunnel
and penstock. It has about 12km long from the power house and the water flows underground.

2.5 Components of intake

A- Approach channel

B- Inlet stop logs

C- Intake trash rack and trash Rack cleaning machine

D- Bulk head gates

5
 E- Wheel gates

Figure 4 components of intake

A. Approach channel

The approach channel draws the water from the Lake Tana and conveys it to the headrace tunnel.
It subdivided in two sections, upstream and downstream of the channel inlet structure. Upstream
section is a channel structure which provides water from Lake Tana to stop logs. Downstream side
covers from stop logs to track rash machine.

B. Inlet stop logs

The inlet structure is provided with five sluices and 15 (fifteen) Stop logs elements. To isolate the
Lake from power intake and to do inspection and maintenance activities on its downstream Side
During the plant working, these sluices are open and the stop logs are stored on the top of the inlet
structure by means of proper supports.

6
C.Intake trash rack machine

The machine is used to clean the trash rack screen panels by removing floating debris, that is
coming with water and to facilitate the passage of water to the tunnel.

D.Bulk head gate

To isolate the Power intake from downstream tunnel & to allow inspection and maintenance of the
intake wheel gates and head race Tunnel.

Installed downstream side of Trash Rack Panels. It is also used balance water pressure by using
by-pass flow of water. It is operated under balanced condition only.

E. Wheel/hydraulic gates

To allow maintenance and inspection of the power tunnel. Installed downstream of the Bulkhead
gate.

F. Control room

Inside the control room of the intake step down transformer, standby diesel generator for
emergency (100KVA) 110V DC batteries, etc are present.

G. The low pressure headrace tunnel

 Length-11.823Km
 Excavated Diameter-8.1m
 Finished diameter-7.2m

H. Surge shaft

A structure found right before the pen stalk shaft. Its main purpose is to provide space for the
water to reside whenever the main inlet valve is closed and hence preventing back flow of the
Water. It Is 91 m high.

7
2.6 Power house
Depending up on the topography and the geology of the surface the power house can be located
on the surface, underground or semi underground. Fully underground and Excavated with Drill
and Blast Technology In which many electromechanical equipment, Control buildings, Offices,
medium store, Power Transformer and so on Work shop are situated .It has the 97m length, 18m
wide and 40m height. Inside the power house there are four floors, those are

 Machine floor
 Generator floor
 Turbine floor and
 Spiral casing and
 MIV floor.

On these floors hydraulic and electrical equipment’s are installed.

2.7 Hydraulic equipmentes

 Turbine
 Gates or gate valves
 MIV
 Governor
 Flow measuring equipment’s

2.8 Electrical equipmentes

 Generator
 Transformer
 storage batteries
 Exciter
 switching equipment
 Station light

8
2.7.1 Hydraulic turbine
Turbines transfer energy from working fluid to rotor. They act as prime movers. In hydro turbines
the fluid is water. Potential/kinetic energy of water is converted to mechanical rotational energy by
turbine. Flowing water is directed on to the blades of a turbine runner, creating a force on the
blades.Since the runner is spinning, the force acts through a distance (force acting through a
distance is the definition of work). In this way, energy is transferred from the water flow to the
turbine. Water turbines are divided into two groups; reaction turbines and impulse turbines

Francis

Reaction

Kaplan and
Turbine
propeller

Impulse Pelton

Figure 5 hydraulic turbine

The BELES hydroelectric power plant consists of four vertical shaft Francis turbines. The Francis
turbine is coupled to a Generator and the runner Blade quantity is 17. Sense of rotation c.w. Its
Rated power 115 MW and the Runner consists of blades welded to the hub and crown. It is
coupled to the shaft by means of 8 bolts, pre-stressed with hydraulic jacks, and 8 calibrated pins.
The rotor labyrinths are integrated in the runner. The turbine is generally operated under automatic
control, but can be operated under Manual control during maintenance and commissioning. Under
manual control can be operated from the governor panel, while under automatic control shall be
monitored from the Remote Automatic Control located in the control room.

2.7.1..1 Major parts Francis turbine in BMHPP

Wicket gate: it controls the amount of water entering the runner blades, which are 17 in number
and controlled by servomotors and hydraulic governors

9
Runner: It is the structure of the turbine which rotates due to the water pressure applied and
connected to the turbine shaft. Sense of rotation c.w.

Spiral case: It constitutes the turbine supporting structure and the water supply system.

Draft tube: Manufactured of welded plate and shaped in sectors according to the ideal hydraulic

profile, it discharges water to the tailrace recovering kinetic energy.

Turbine shaft: The turbine shaft is forged steel, flanged at its ends to the coupling of the runner

and of generator shaft.

2.7.1..2 Principal operation of hydraulic turbine

Hydraulic turbines are machines that convert hydraulic energy to mechanical energy. Usually
mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy using electrical machine called generator.
The group runs connected to the network and an electronic governor control it. The coupling
between turbine shaft and runner is by means of nr.8 bolts and nr.8 calibrated pins. The coupling
between turbine shaft and generator shaft is by means of nr.12 calibrated bolts. The interception
spherical valve is placed between the penstock and the spiral casing. A movable flange ensures its
easy removal.

2.7.2 Governor
an attachment to a machine for automatic control or limitation of speed /power/dam water
level/flow of water. A Governor is a device which controls the energy source (Water) to a prime
mover to generate power for a specific purpose. Governor senses Speed, Position, water level and
flow of water to a prime mover and adjust the energy source to maintain the desired level
frequency & power. These need to be regulated properly for stable and accurate output for good
performance.
A. Turbine governor, what for?
By regulating the flow of water passing through the turbine, the governor adjusts the power output
bring sent to the grid.
This is done by:
 Opening/closing the wicket gates for Francis/ Pump turbine.
 Opening/closing the wicket gates and runner blades for Kaplan/Bulb turbine.
10
Opening/closing the injectors /deflectors for Peloton Turbine
.

Wicket Gate: is key component in hydroelectric turbines that control the flow of water from the
input pipes (Penstock) to the turbine Propellers/blades inside the house of the turbine.

2.7.2.1 Main functions of the turbine governor

 Turbine start-up and shutdown sequences
 Synchronization of the turbine with the grid
 Control of network frequency on an isolated grid
 Control of the active power in interconnected grid
 Protection against over speed
 Control of unit auxiliaries sequences

How does a governor function?

 It senses the speed of Turbine rotation

 Generates signal proportional to difference between the turbine speed and governor speed
reference
 Develops Hydraulic Control Signal of sufficient power to position the turbine wicket gate
servo motor as required to control the turbine.
 Senses the feedback of Wicket Gate Position and tries to attain a balanced condition.

2.7.3 Main inlet valve (MIV)

It is operated by hydraulic servo motors and controlled by their own governor. It is a spherical
valve between the high pressure head raise tunnel or penstock side to the turbine. Also its pressure
is greater than the water pressure in the penstock side.
In BMHPP the main inlet valve have the following features.
There are 4 valves, for each of the 4 units.
It is the structure that mainly controls the flow of water to the turbine. Spherical valve is preferred
due to its low head loss.
It should be open 100% and close also the same with 100%.

11
It has their oil tank, pump, heat exchanger, filter, accumulator and air compressor for hydraulic
purpose.

Figure 6 over all MIV system

Electrical equipments

2.8.1 Generator
Mechanical rotational energy is converted to electrical energy by generator. There are two types of
generators: hydro generator (driven by water turbine) and turbo alternator (driven by steam
turbine)

2.8.1.1 Hydro generators

Hydro Generators are low speed salient pole type machines. The salient pole construction is used
because hydro-generators operate at relatively low speeds and relatively very large numbers of
poles are required to produce the desired frequency.
The plant is designed with four generators each having the following characteristic.

12
 Rated out put 133MVA

Rated voltage 15KV ±10%

Power factor 0.93

Synchronous speed 375

Number of pole 16 pole

Rated frequency 50±2.5%

Run away speed 590rpm

Table 1 generator rating

The BHPP has 16 pole synchronous generator and 115MW power produced. Let as illustrate how
it came from the fundamental energy formula.

Q_ discharge water=40m3/sec
G _ gravity =9.81m/sec2
H _ head =315m
ρ _ Density of water=1000kg/m3
P =1000kg/m3*9.81m/sec2*40m3/sec*315m*0.98
P=121.6MW
From the turbine manufacturer we are given a speed of 375 rpm. Using this value we can get the
no. of poles using the formula:
P=120f/ns where f= 50 Hz
Ns-synchronous speed =375rpm
P= (120 * 50 Hz)/375rpm
P=16 poles

13
We can deduce that we need flow of liquid and height through which the liquid is accelerated to
produce power. In BMPP the liquid (H2O) is obtained from a natural reservoir, Lake Tana.The
water is drawn from the lake by the intake structure and via 11.8Km tunnel and it gives to the
penstock. This part provides the head needed. The flow (discharge) is divided in to 4(hence the
power will be multiplied by 4 to get the total output power of the power plant)

2.8.1.2 Major Components of generator

 Stator
 Rotor
Rotor: the part of the generator containing field winding rotating with the turbine shaft. This part
is responsible for providing the rotating flux which is essential to induce EMF on the stator
winding.
Stator: A part of a generator which contains stator frame, stator core and stator winding .It is used
to provide a three phase out put.
Stator frame: Allow a good positioning of the magnetic core laminations. It Support the weight of
the magnetic core, of the winding and of the upper bracket used to guide the cooling air towards
the heat exchangers.

Stator core: It Provides House for stator windings. Used to achieve radial air ducts, the stator core
is divided into axial packets of laminations.

2.8.1.3 GCB/generator circuit breaker

It’s positioned between the generator and the transformer and used to protect the generator from
over current, over voltage and faults at normal condition when the current passes it energizes the
spring which used to break or trip during the above fault conditions. When the GCB opens we
have what we call the arc effect to reduce the arc formation we pump the high pressure SF6 gas to
quench the arc. GCB can be controlled locally or from the control room. It automatically opens
when the fault is clear by checking it’s synchronism between the two systems

14
 Figure7 generator circuit breaker

2.8.2 Power transformer

It receives the voltage (15KV) from the generator side through isolated bar and step up it to
400KV.

BHPP Power transformers has the following features

 4 Step-Up Transformers:
 Power 133 MVA
 Voltage 15 / 400 kV
 Cooling OFWF

15
  The power can be transmitted over a long distance with minimum I2R losses.
 Is an offline tap changer because a constant output of 400KV is needed.
 Has a Y delta connection.

2.8.2.1 Power cables

 They connect the transformer to the switch yard bus bar
 It has a very high insulation composed of 10 layers made of aluminum.
 The cables go to the switch yard up through the cable shaft where they directly connecet
to the surge arrester.

2.8.3 Other electrical equipments in the power house

Auxiliary transformer: there are four in number (one transformer for each unit). It is a three
winding transformer which is tapped 15kv after GCB from terminal voltage and it converted 15kv
itself and 400v to give supply for each units. Each unit has their own auxiliary transformers. Also
15kv from each auxiliary transform of the unit goes to the switchgear.

Switchgear: it is a control panel used to receive 15kv from each unit through auxiliary
transformer. Then it gives 15kv to the switchyard then outlet, intake, housing compounds. Also
15kv from switchgear tapped to the station service transformers. Then it converts to 400v to give
supply power house AC device.

Advantage of station service transformer:

 It give supply for drainage system

 It give supply for the units when it be start
 Give supply for filtered water treatment
 It converts to DC for DC supply

2.8.4 Excitation transformer

One of the fundamental elements for the operation of a power generating system is the excitation
system. There are different types of excitation system. In the BMPP the self-excitation system is
used. The excitation unit gets its supply from the isolated bus bar unit tapped just before the GCB.
The system operates as follows. The first step is reducing the 15 KV to 740 V by the excitation
transformer which has rating of 1170 KVA. After the excitation transformer the excitation system

16
which comprises of the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) and the rectifying unit. The output of
the excitation system is DC value. To accomplish this rectifying unit is used. The rectifying unit is
mainly composed of thyruisters and Power diodes which are connected by bridge network.The
rectifying unit is provided for each phase and also a spare is available in case of damage. The AVR
is used to maintain the output voltage constant by varying the field excitation current. The AVR
gets its feedback by CT and VT from the terminal side of the generator. The excitation system is
also used to supply one 110V DC to the power house equipments which operate using DC current.

2.8.5 Powerhouse – Machinery cooling system

Each Unit is fed by separate double cooling circuit

 One raw (tailrace) water open circuit

 One closed demineralized water circuit

The raw water which is open circuit is called primary cooling system. Its main function is cooling
the secondary through heat exchanger. The other is closed circuit system which is called as
secondary cooling system. The cooling system for Beles Multipurpose Project supplies cool water
to the following users:

1) Turbine shaft seal

2) Unit Step up transformer oil/water heat exchangers

3) Turbine governor oil/water heat exchanger

4) Generator thrust bearing oil/water heat exchangers

5) Generator air/water heat exchangers

6) Generator guide bearing oil/water heat exchangers

7) Turbine guide bearing oil/water heat exchangers

17
 Figure 7 over all water cooling system 2 1

1 - Secondary cooling (closed) system 2 - primary cooling (open) system

2.8.6 Powerhouse – Fire Fighting System

 Water-Foam firefighting on Generators and Transformers.
 150 m3 of water are stored in the access tunnel 85 m above the machines level.
 Water discharges by gravity.
 The water tank is refilled by using a pumping station in the powerhouse.

General flow water in the pipe is illustrated below

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 Figure 8 Fire Fighting System

2.9 Switch yard

It is substation which uses to transmit power to the Bahir Dar sub stations. It contains the
following device.

2.9.1 Parts of switchyard

Surge arrester: A device for limiting surge voltage by discharging or by passing surge current
(when the line voltage which it’s shunted increases beyond a tolerable values and it’s capable of
preventing Continued flow of water) it’s able to repeat its functions when there is a serge voltage
the arrester becomes a low ohmic path there by diverting the excess current. When the voltage
returns to normal condition the arrester returns to a high ohmic device (only low mA linkages).

Disconnected with earthling blade: Which is to open after the circuit breaker is opened and
used for grounding residual current during maintenance time.

Current transformer: It is an instrument transformer used for measuring the amount of current
passing through the system. Works on the principle of induction to measure the level of line
current its primary winding the main line and the secondary winding is coiled around the main line
which can be adjusted according to the conversion needed and also used for control and safety
purposes.

Circuit breaker: It is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical

circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault

19
condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue electrical flow. Unlike a
fuse, which Operates once and then has to be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either
manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes,
from small devices that protect an individual household appliance up to large switchgear designed
to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city. When the circuit breaker are open and closed
arc will be produced. To quench that arc we use different medium in the circuit breaker. Those are
air, vacuum, SF6, and oil. In case of BHPP, due to high voltage in the switchyard SF6 circuit
breaker will used.

Pantograph disconnectors: It has 3 poles each poles consist of support insulator, one rotating
insulator a pantograph mechanism and a counter contact. These disconnectors are equipped with
insulators the pantograph mechanism is installed on the support insulator and transfers the
movement of the rotating insulator to the arms of the pantograph disconnectors. The main contacts
are made of copper with silver plated surface. The counter contact is a horizontal bar which is also
silver plated which has to connected to the bus bar system, the disconnectors can be motor or hand
driven. It is used to disconnect the bus bars from the system.

Bus bar: It is a hollow circular aluminum bar with diameter 12cm and 1.2cm thickness .It is used
to connect the incoming lines of each generator and each phase to the outgoing transmission lines
of the respective phase at constant voltage and it provides a steady working condition of the
switchyard.

Capacitor voltage transformer: It is another type of instrument transformer mainly used for
measuring the voltage of the bus bar and the outgoing lines for control and synchronization.

Whatever any fault occurs in the switchyard can control in the control room through different
level. These are:

Mimic control: The mimic panel control level is used only to control high voltage circuit breakers,
disconnectors and earthing switches.

Field control: method of control by giving command outside the control panel.

Bay control: the commands can be executed using the command display and the keyboard of the

20
Bay Control Unit devices installed in the protection/control panels in the switchyard control room;

SCADA control system: is the remote command level, commands are initiated from the SCADA
system/Operator Stations.

Figure 9 general over view of switchyard

2.10 Overall benefits that we gain from the internship

 We get different skills and knowledge in four month internship program. From this
we get numerous benefits listed below:
 We improve theoretical knowledge
 We improve practical skill

21
  We improve team playing skill
 We improve leadership skill
 We improve interpersonal communication skill
 We improve understanding of work ethics and
 We improve entrepreneurship skill

2.10.1To improve theoretical knowledge

Based on the following ways;
 Working mechanism of different machineries
 Knowing the general safety rules of each operation
 Referring different manuals of machines

2.10.2To improve practical skill

 The main aim of internship is developing practical skill, Based on
 It enables us to improve my practical skill in the maintenance and inspection o different
machines.
 Improve our practical skill in the operation of difference mechanical machines.
 It enables us to improve reading skill of complicated drawings.

2.10.3To improve team playing skill

It is the activity of working well together as a team to solve or share the ideas and challenges
encounter. We used based on by the following ways.

 When we are within team playing, anyone can raise his opinion.
 During team playing, our concept may be varied. At this moment respect others idea.
 Ideal disputes were solved through peaceful communication.
 With our friends as a team player tried to modify and give solution for some technical
challenges that exposed in the company.

2.10.4 To improve leadership skill.

It is the position of being a person who leads a group of people in an organization. Based on the
following ways;
 Self-confidence is the requirement of good leadership.

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  Good understanding of things than the others.
 By open minded (optimist).
 By logical, when you are tried to clarify the issue by relating with science.

2.10.5To improve interpersonal communication skill

It is usually describing participants who are dependent upon one another. Based on this we have
understanding the followings;
 We were interested in the supervisor when she gives clarification, since he has much
better experience than our. People are more attracted to those who are interested in them,
and will pay more attention to what they are saying. Smile and use eye contact. It is the
most positive signal you can give.
 Ask questions: It’s a great way to show people that you are really interested in them. I have
been asking some questions after the explanation have ended.
 If our friends have a different point of view we will find out more about why they have that
point of view. The more we understand the reasons behind their thinking the more we can
understand their point of view or help them to better understand my point of view.

2.10.6To improve understanding of work ethics

Work ethics is the core idea when you are in some staff. So understanding of Work ethics is
crucial. The internship gives the following;
 As an engineer we have seen that the decisions made will cost too much if they are
not appropriate.
 Give respect and love for your job. We love our disciple when we have seen on the
practical world.
 Free from interference of others job that doesn’t concern you. we mean we‘ve stay
focus on our business so when we put on our opinion we have to do our job not get in to
other work since you’re responsible what you’ve done.
 Respect the entrance and out time of work in the company. Being punctuality, we almost
try our best to be on time.
 Give respect for others in work place. We respect all the workers without regarding their
position.

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2.10.7To improve entrepreneurship skill
The most obvious form of entrepreneurship is that starting new business. In the way of the
following;
 Being motivated to solve technical problems.
 Always being ready to create better world for yourself and your country as a whole
 Be sure your mind is in work every time. Make yourself as much as busy as you can. We
will try to analyze what we have done on the company. Generally, be entrepreneur with
your mind not with your money.
 Being risk taker is the core point in entrepreneurship skill i.e. with your money, time and
knowledge.
 When you want to be an entrepreneur don’t be hopeless. Things may get to go worthy, at
that time be hopeful for the bright future.

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CHAPTER -3

3. Task assigned
A.In the maintenance
B.Inspection system

A. In maintenance
 Repair water pump
 Carbon Brush replacement
 Cleaned primarily filter when it is dirty
 Air injection compressor cleaned and full’s the level of oil in the accumulator when the
level decreases.
B.Inspection
 Governor hydraulic system operating pressure (not greater or less than 56.6 bar)
 Oil linkage around in the main transformer
 Oil linkage around in the Governor
 the level of oil the compressor
 The condition of Governor Pump by observation
 Specific gravity of electro light of the 110Vdc and 48Vdc station battery (2.25)

3.1 The procedures we have been using while performing our work tasks
We have been oriented with the responsibility of our job by communicating with our company
supervisor (adviser) and company workers (staff workers). Additionally we have been fulfilled our
responsibility by accessing internet. The courses which we have been taking in campus are
essential to execute our job.
Generally, we have been oriented with the responsibilities of our job by interrelating with
company supervisor and staff workers and by organizing the knowledge which we have been got
from campus. In addition,
 Find the problem during inspection

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  manuals about the machine that are failed and collecting data from it
 Asking the operators, company supervisor and observing when Reading they perform
every things around them.

3.2 Challenges that we have been facing during performing our task
 There is shortage of transportation.
 There is a repetition of work task.
 There is a shortage of pure water.
 The is no enough computers in the company.
 There is no clinic.
 There is unsafe rood construction from Bahir dar to the work place

3.3 Measurements that we have taken to solve challenges

 we try to develop our theoretical skill by discussing with our friends, reading manuals and
by using internet,
 In order to overcome the shortage of water in the site, we have bought a litter of water in
the cafe for drinking.
 we have used pick up cars for transportation.
 In the company we have used the laptop.
 There is no clinic in the company. In order to solve this problem when we were sick, we
have been going to Bahir dar to find clinic

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CHAPTER-4

4. Problems assigned

Project title: load analysis for standby diesel generator

Abstract
Standby diesel generator is important when the blackout is occurred in the interconnected power
system (ICS) as well as self-connected system (SCS) of any power plant. But the capacity of the
diesel generator should be analyzed so, we analysis the load flow of BHPP diesel generator.
Background

Introduction
Diesel Generators play a major role in the Power Generation Industry. For HPP they not only
provide back-up power for the generating units, but in most cases also provide emergency power
to the spillway gates that are used to prevent over topping of a dam when flooding conditions exist
and threaten populated areas downstream of these facilities. There are usually two or more diesel
generators at modern dam sites due to the distances between the spillway controls and the Power
Plant.

Substations and switchyards contain the components needed to distribute and deliver electricity at
a desired voltage to the power companies customers. Circuit breakers, transformers, protective
relaying and the communication systems that control these devices, all require a backup power
source whenever power is lost to the station. It is also used for “black start” procedures by giving
supply to make ready.

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4.1 Problem statement
Before two or three years the diesel generator was give supply for all parts power center (intake,
power house (PH), switchyard (SY) Outlet and housing compound (HC)). But now it gives supply
only for power house (PH) and switchyard (SY). So, we initiate analysis the load flow or load
capacity of the diesel generator.

Objectives

4.2Main objectives
The main objectives of this project are analysis and understand the load capacity of the generator.
This analysis is done by recording data in manual and scada system.

4.3 Specific objectives

 To prevent over loading and related faults.
 Read the nameplate to gate the specification of each component in the design.
 Should know the essential and non-essential parts in the power center when diesel will start
to operate.

4.4 Methodology
We use the hard ware or flow chart to describe our project.

Diesel generator

Switchyard Power house

Outlet HC GS GS GS PH
SY PH CB MCC

Figure11 general flow chart for diesel generator

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4.5 Solution
In currently the tana beles HPP the data shows in the intake, power house, switchyard, housing
coumpound and outlet the power consumption of mechanical and electrical devices is 640.472 kW
but the generator rated value is 640 kw.so the generator capacity value and operation value is
different. In these cases these operation value is greater than the generator rated value by 0.472kw.
In such case the generator is overloaded. So, we decrease the load and use it for basic and
necessary components only. So the maintenance staff must check the connection of the generator
that supplies for dc and ac components. And also to give priority for essential services and isolate
non essential services.

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30
CHAPTER-5

5. Conclusion and recommendation

5.1 Conclusion

In our intern period we got practical knowledge about the machines in the company and their
working principles, how to control, how to maintain, how to operate and how to electrical energy
produced .We also know the general characteristics and component of hydro power plant.
Our task during the internship was to observe mechanical and electrical equipment’s and
understand their methods of operation. Based on the major findings presented above its easy to
understand that internship has a great significant in up grading student’s theoretical knowledge and
improve practical skill.

5.2 Recommendation of the company

In the company there are no enough computers, and service problem. So we strongly suggest that the
company must fulfill all the necessary thing like:-
 Computer

 Service like transportation, pure water

 To be punctual the worker

5.3 Recommendation for university linkage

First of all, the university industrial linkage office should request or announce to the
companies earlier to the internship period so that the company will have reserve place to
the intern to host him /her. The university industry linkage has low communication skill
with the companies and students, so the university industry linkage must improve this skill.

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5.4 Recommendation for department

We also recommend to the department to know the specific companies of the intern students with
short period of time and check the mentor (advisor) to get the student at that specific company with
proper time interval.
 It is better to have good relation to company.

Reference
1 .Andritz Hydro,(2009) DIA TECH Monitoring & Diagnosis System Beles
2. ELC_BEL_SAL_1368 by Matousek (2010) Operation & Maintenance manual excitation
system, Modification acc. Letter.
3. EEPCo, „Facts in Brief 2007
4. Hu ZL, Chen ZH, xiaJT, etal.( 2008) Effect of positive voltage factor on the wear of
carbon brush for micrometers wear.
5. Manual
6. Qt’sh Gang’ FENGYi CHENFanyan, LIU WenHong, ZHANL, XUeBin, LIU yanFang.
7. Vatech Hydro, (2011) Calculation note.
6.Vatech Hydro, (2011) operation & maintenance manual control system.
7. Vatech Hydro, (2011) painting specification of component

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