Cape Unit 2 Paper 2

2013 Solutions

1. (a) ln ( x 2 y )−sin y =3 x−2 y

dy
2 xy +x 2
dx dy dy
−cos y =3−2
2
x y dx dx

But y=0 , hence the gradient is undefined at (1, 0). [vertical tangent]

OR
2
ln ( x y )−sin y =3 x−2 y
2 ln x +ln y −sin y=3 x−2 y
2 1 dy dy dy
+ −cos y =3−2
x y dx dx dx
dy 1 2
dx y [ −cos y +2 =3−
x ]
But y=0 , hence the gradient is undefined at (1, 0).

2 4x 2
(b) f ( x , y , z )=3 yz −e cos4 z−3 y −4=0
∂f
=6 yz+4 e4 x sin 4 z
∂z
∂f
=3 z 2−6 y
∂y
∂z 3 z 2−6 y 3 ( z 2−2 y )
→ =− =
∂y 6 yz −4 e 4 x sin 4 z 2 ( 3 yz−2 e 4 x sin 4 z )

(c) ( cosθ+i sin θ )5 =cos5 θ+5 cos4 θ ( isin θ ) +10 cos 3 θ (i sin θ )2
3 4 5
+10 cos2 θ ( i sin θ ) +5 cos θ ( i sinθ ) + ( isin θ )

cos5 θ +5i cos 4 θ sin θ−10 cos3 θ sin2 θ

cos 5 θ+i sin5 θ= −10 icos 2 θ sin3 θ+5 cosθ sin 4 θ+i sin 5θ
5 3 2 4
→cos 5=cos θ−10 cos θ sin θ+5 cos θ sin θ
2
=cos 5 θ−10 cos3 θ ( 1−cos2 θ )+5 cosθ ( 1−cos 2 θ )
5 3
16 cos θ−20 cos θ+5 cos θ

7
(d) (i) z=(−1+i )
7 7
|z|=( √1+1 ) =√ 2
3π
arg z=tan−1 (−1 )=
4

→z =√ 2 e 7
i7 ( 34π )

21 π 21 π
(ii)
z=√ 27 cos ( 4
+i sin
4 )
√2 −i √ 2
=√ 27 − ( 2 2 )
=−
√ 2 . √27 (1+i )
2
=−8 ( 1+i )

2. (a) (i) ∫ sin x cos2xdx

 2
cos 2 x=2 cos x−1
→∫ sin x cos2 xdx=∫ 2 cos2 x sin xdx−∫ sin xdx
3
−2 cos x
= + cos x+ c
3
OR

∫ sin x cos2xdx
u=cos2 x ;du=−2sin 2 x
dv=sin x ;v=−cos x
∫ sin x cos2xdx=−cos xcos 2x−2 ∫ cos x sin 2xdx
u=sin2 x; du=2 cos2 x
dv=cos x; v=sin x
∫ sin x cos2 xdx=−cos x cos 2 x−2 [ sin x sin x −2∫ sin x cos xdx ]
=−cos xcos2 x−2 sin xsin 2 x+4 ∫ sin xcos xdx
→3∫ sin x cos2 xdx =−cos x cos2 x−2sin x sin2 x +c
1 2
→∫ sin x cos 2 xdx= cos x cos2 x + sin x sin2 x +c
3 3
OR

1
∫ sin x cos2 xdx= 2 ∫ ( sin 3 x−sin x ) dx
1 1
= ∫ sin 3 xdx− ∫ sin xdx
2 2
1 1
=− cos 3 x+ cos x +c
6 2

π π π
−2 cos 3 x 2
(ii)
∫ 2
0
sin xcos2 xdx=
3 [ 0
]
− [ cos x ] 02
2 1
(
=( 0+ 0 )− − +1 =−
3 3 )
OR

π π π
1 1
∫ 2
0 6 [
sin xcos2 xdx= − cos3 x 2 + cos x
0 2 ][ ] 2
0
1 1 1 1 1
=− [ 0−1 ] + [ 0−1 ] = − =−
6 2 6 2 3

2 .25+0 .75
h= =0 . 75
(b) (i) 4
the ordinates are −0.75,0,0.75,1.5,2.25
0 .75
=
2
(|f (−0 .75 )|+ f ( 2. 25 ) +2 ( f ( 0 )+ f ( 0 .75 )+f ( 1. 5 ) ) )
Area
0 .75
= ( 11.25 )=4 . 22
2 square units

2 x2+ 4 Ax+ B Cx+ D

2
= +
(c) (i) ( x2 + 4 ) x 2+ 4 ( x 2+ 4 ) 2
2 x 2 + 4=( Ax+ B ) ( x 2 +4 ) +Cx+ D
3
coeff x ;
 A=0
coeff x ; 0=4 A+C →C=0
2
coeff x ;
2=B
constant 4=4 B+D→ D=−4

2 x2 +4 2 −4
∴ 2
= +
( x 2+ 4 ) x + 4 ( x 2 + 4 )2
2

OR
2
2 4 2 ( x + 4 )−4
R.H .S.: 2 − 2
=
x + 4 ( x 2+ 4 ) ( x2+ 4)2

2 x 2 +8−4
=
( x 2+4 )2
2 x 2 +4
=
( x 2 +4 )2
=L .H .S.

2 x 2+ 4 2 −4
∫ 2
dx=∫ 2
dx +∫ dx
(ii) ( x 2 +4 ) x +4 ( x 2 + 4 )2
x=2 tan θ
dx=2 sec 2 θ
2 4
→∫ .2 sec 2 θdθ−∫ .2 sec 2 θ
4 sec θ 4
16 sec θ
1
=∫ dθ− ∫ cos 2 θdθ
2
1
=∫ dθ− ∫ ( cos2 θ+1 ) dθ
4
x 1 1 x
2 8 ()
=tan−1 − sin 2θ− tan −1
4 4
+c ()
x 2 4x
[ sin2 θ=2sin θ cosθ=2 .
√ x 2+4 √ x 2+4
=
x2+ 4 ]
3 −1 x 1 x
= tan
4
−
2 2 x +4
2 () ( )
3
3. (a)
a1 =1 , an+1 =4 +2 ( √ a n )

Let
Pn be the proposition that 1≤a n ≤8
At n=1 , 1≤a 1=1≤8 , so P1 is true
Assume that
Pk is true for some k ∈ N i.e. 1≤a k ≤8

Let n=k +1
Since
Pk is true, we have
3
1<6=4+ 2≤a k +1=4+ 2 ( √ ak )
3
and a k+1 ≤4 +2 ( √ 8 ) =8

Hence
1≤a k +1≤8 and Pk+1 follows, ∴P n is true for all n ∈ N

1 1
f ( k )−f ( k+ 1 )= −
(b) (i) (a) k 2 ( k +1 )2
( k +1 )2 −k 2
= 2
k ( k + 1 )2
 k 2 + 2 k +1−k 2 2 k +1
= 2
= 2
2
k ( k +1 ) k ( k + 1 )2
n
1 1
(b)
Sn= ∑
k =1 ( −
k ( k +1 )2
2 )
1 1 1 1 1
= 1−
( )( 22
+ −
22 32
+. . .+
) (
−
n2 ( n+1 )2 )
1
=1−
( n+1 )2
∞
2 k +1 1
∑ k 2 ( k +1 )2 =1−lim
n→ ∞ ( n+1 )
2
(ii) k =1

=1−0=1

(c) (i) f ( x )=cos x

π √2
f ()
4 2
=

' π √2
f ()
4
=−
2
'' π √2
f ()4
=−
2
''' π √2
f () =
4 2
2 3
√ 2 √2 π √ 2 π 2 π
→cos x≈ − x− − x− + √ x−
( 4 ) 2. 2! ( 4 ) 2 . 3! ( 4 )
2 2
2 3
2 2 π 2 π 2 π
= √ − √ ( x− )− √ ( x− ) + √ ( x− )
2 2 4 4 4 12 4
2 3
π √ 2 √ 2 −3 π √2 −3 π 2 −3 π
cos ≈ − − +√
( ) ( ) ( )
(ii) 16 2 2 16 4 16 12 16
=0. 977

1 3 2
1
4 1
( 1+ x ) =1+ x+
− x
4 4 ( )
4. (a) (i) 4 2!
1 3 2
1
4 1
( 1−x ) =1− x+
− x
4 4 ( )
4 2!
1 1
4 4 3 2
( 1+ x ) + (1−x ) =2− x
16

1 1 1
1 17 4 =1
(ii)
x= → ( 1+ x ) 4 =
16 16 ( ) 2
(17 ) 4

1 1
1
( 1+ x ) = ( 15 ) 4
4
2

1 1 1 1
1 4 1
4
17 +15 =2 1+ 4
16 ( ) ( )
+2 1−
16
4

2
3 1
[ 16 16 ]
=2 2− ( ) =3 . 9986
 (b)
( x+2 )5 =5 C 0 x 5 20 + 5 C 1 x 4 21 + 5 C 2 x 3 22 + 5 C 3 x 2 23 + 5 C 4 x 1 24 + 5 C5 x 0 25
5 4 3 2
=x +10 x +40 x + 80 x + 80 x +32

( x−2 )4 = 4 C0 x 4 (−2 )0 + 4 C 1 x 3 (−2 )1 + 4 C 2 x 2 (−2 )2 + 4 C 3 x 1 (−2 )3 + 4 C 4 x 0 (−2 )4

4 3 2
=x −8 x + 24 x −32 x+ 16
5
x term is multiply the two RHS
the coefficient of the
16−320+960−640+ 80
=96

OR
5
let the coefficient of x =A
5
C1 x 2 . C 4 x 4 + 5 C 2 x 2 23 . 4 C3 x 3 (−2 ) + 5 C 3 x3 22 . 4 C2 x 2 (−2 )2
4 4

Ax =
5 + 5 C 4 x 4 2 4 . 4 C 1 x (−2 )3 + 5 C 5 x 5 . 4 C 0 (−2 )4

A=24 [ 5 C 1 4 C 4 −5 C 2 4 C 3 + 5 C3 4 C 2−5 C 4 4 C1 + 5 C 5 4 C0 ]
=2 4 [ 5−10 ( 4 ) +10 ( 6 ) −( 5 )( 4 ) +1 ]
4
=2 ( 6 ) =96
OR

4
( x+2 )5 ( x−2 )4 =( x +2 ) ( x2 −4 )
4
=( x +2 ) ∑ 4 ( x 2 ) (−4 )4−t
t

t=0 t
()
5
x occurs when t=2

x 2= 4 (−4 )2
()
→ coeff of 2

=6 ( 16 )=96

x=2 ; x3 −25=−17<0
(c) (i) at x=3 ; x 3−25=2>0
3
x −25=0 is continuous
∴ by the IVT there is a root within [ 2,3 ]
(ii)
n an bn Pn f(Pn)
4 2.875 3 2.9375 0.347>0
Let P=2 . 92
5 2.875 2.9375 2.9063 - 0.0517<0
6 2.9063 2.9375 2.9291 - 0.543 < 0
7 2.9219 2.9375 2.9297 0.146 > 0
8 2.9219 2.9279 2.9258 0.045 > 0 5. (a)

V
0

V C
1 1
5
1 V
4

1 V 4 C
3 5 3 C
4
1

2 2 4 V
3 5 V
C 3
4 C
2
3 4 V
5 C

2
 1 1

(b) (i)
[ 1
−5
1
1
1
−5
−1
1
3
|2
3 ][ =
1
0
0
1
6
−6
−1
−4
4
|7
2 ] R2 +R 3
R3 −R1

1
[ =
1
0
0
1
1
0
−1
−4
0
6 |
9
7
6

] R3 + R 2

The system is not consistent since the third row is 0 0 0 = 9

1 1 1

(ii)
( 1
−5
1
1
1
−5
−1

5
1 |2
3 )( 1
= 0
0
1
6
−6
−1
−4
6
|7
2 )( 1
= 0
0
1
1
0
−1
−6
2
4
|
9
7
6

)
1 4 4

( )( )( )
2 3
1 1 −1 1 1 0 1 0 0
=
0
0
1
0
4
−6
1
| 7
6
= 0
0
1
0
|
0
1
25
6
= 0
0
1
0
|
0
1
25
6

9 9 9
2 2 2

Solution is unique since only the leading diagonal elements

are non-zero and equal to 1.

Solve for x, y, z.

(c) (i) P ( D )=P ( D∩A ) +P ( D∩B ) +P ( D∩C )

=P ( D|A ) P ( A ) +P ( D|B ) P ( B )+P ( D|C ) P ( C )
=0 .7 ( 0. 45 ) +0 .9 ( 0.30 ) +0. 35 ( 0.25 )
=0 . 315+0 . 27+0 . 2125=0 . 7925

P ( C∩D )
P (C|D )=
(ii) P ( D)
0 .2125
=
0 .7975
=0 . 2665

dy
cos x + y sin x=2 x cos2 x
6. (a) (i) dx
dy
→ + y tan x=2 x cos x
dx
∫ tan xdx=−ln|cos x|
∫ tan xdx
e =sin x
y=cos x ∫ sec x .2 xcos xdx=cos x ∫ 2 xdx
2
y=x cos x +C cos x
 2
π 15 √ 2 π
(ii)
y = ()
4 32
π 2 √2 √2 15 √2 π 2
→ . + C=
16 2 2 32
2
8 C=7 π
2
7π
C=
8

(b) y '' +2 y ' +5 y =4 sin 2 t

2
(i) (a) λ + 2 λ +5=0
−2±√ 4−20
λ=
2
λ=−1±2 i

(b) μ ( t )=c 1 e−t sin 2t +c 2 e−t cos 2t

μ p ( t )= A cos2 t+B sin 2 t

μ'p ( t )=−2 A sin 2 t+2 B cos 2t
(ii) μ'p' ( t )=−4 A cos2 t−4 B sin 2 t

→−4 A cos2t−4 B sin 2 t+4 B cos 2t−4 A sin 2t

+5 A cos2 t+5 B sin 2t=4sin 2t

→−4 A+4 B +5 A=0 → A+4 B=0. . . ( 1 )

−4 B−4 A+5 B=4 →−4 A+B=4 . .. ( 2 )

→16 B+ B=4
4 16
B= , A=−
17 17

16 4
y (t )=c1 e−t sin 2t +c 2 e−t cos 2t− cos2t + sin 2 t
(iii) 17 17
y ( 0 )=0 .04
16
→0. 04=c 2 − ;c =0 . 981
17 2
'
y ( 0 )=0
c 1 e−t sin 2 t+2 c 1 e−t cos 2t−2 c 2 e−t cos 2t
32 8
' −2 c 2 e−t sin 2 t− sin 2t + cos 2 t
y= 17 17

' 5
y ( 0 )=0→2 c 1−c 2 + =0
17
1 8
c 2=
2( )
0 . 981− =0 .2555
17

Particular solution
16 4
y (t )=0. 981 e−t sin 2 t+0. 255 e−t cos2 t− cos 2 t+ sin 2t
17 17