select table_name,num_rows from dba_tables where table_name = 'EMP_SQL';

select sid,event,total_waits from v$session_event order by total_waits desc;

[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Sep 27 20:36:14 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1157627904 bytes

Fixed Size 8619936 bytes
Variable Size 436209760 bytes
Database Buffers 704643072 bytes
Redo Buffers 8155136 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>

Automatic Memory Management

----------------------------------------

SQL> show parameter memory

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
hi_shared_memory_address integer 0
inmemory_adg_enabled boolean TRUE
inmemory_clause_default string
inmemory_expressions_usage string ENABLE
inmemory_force string DEFAULT
inmemory_max_populate_servers integer 0
inmemory_query string ENABLE
inmemory_size big integer 0
inmemory_trickle_repopulate_servers_ integer 1
percent
inmemory_virtual_columns string MANUAL

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
memory_max_target big integer 1G <---as memory has been set so
it is in automatic memory management
memory_target big integer 1G <---as memory has been set so
it is in automatic memory management
optimizer_inmemory_aware boolean TRUE
shared_memory_address integer 0
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> show parameter sga

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
allow_group_access_to_sga boolean FALSE
lock_sga boolean FALSE
pre_page_sga boolean TRUE
sga_max_size big integer 1G
sga_min_size big integer 0
sga_target big integer 0 <---show parameter sga_target
0 means automatic memory management on
unified_audit_sga_queue_size integer 1048576
SQL>

Switching from Automatic Memory Management ( AMM ) to Automatic Shared Memory

Management ( ASMM )
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------

SQL>
SQL> select sum(bytes/1024/1024) Current_SGA_SIZE_in_MB from v$sgastat;

CURRENT_SGA_SIZE_IN_MB
----------------------
643.998726

SQL>
SQL>

SQL>
SQL> select sum(bytes/1024/1024) MAX_SGA_SIZE_in_MB from v$sgainfo where name =
'Maximum SGA Size';

MAX_SGA_SIZE_IN_MB
------------------
1024

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> show parameter memory_max_target;

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
memory_max_target big integer 1G
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select (value/1024/1024) Current_PGA_IN_USE_in_MB from v$pgastat where name =
'total PGA inuse';

CURRENT_PGA_IN_USE_IN_MB
------------------------
91.3339844

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select (value/1024/1024) MAX_PGA_ALLOCATED_in_MB from v$pgastat where name =
'maximum PGA allocated';

MAX_PGA_ALLOCATED_IN_MB
-----------------------
169.042969

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> select (value/1024/1024) PGA_TARGET_in_MB from v$pgastat where name =
'aggregate PGA target parameter';

PGA_TARGET_IN_MB
----------------
368

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>

Our current AMM uses the following memory

- memory reserved for PGA/SGA: 1024 MB
- current PGA size 91.3339844 MB-----> approx 92 MB
- current SGA size 643.998726 MB----> approx 645 MB
- free memory for future PGA/SGA----> usage: ~ 200 MB

For switching ASMM this can be translated into

SGA_MAX_SIZE : 1024 MByte
SGA_TARGET : 650 MByte
PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET : 368 Mbyte

Execute the following commands.

Disable AMM

-------------------------------------------------

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> alter system reset memory_max_target scope=spfile sid='*';

System altered.

SQL> alter system reset memory_target scope=spfile sid='*';

System altered.

SQL>

Enable ASMM
---------------------------

SQL> alter system set SGA_MAX_SIZE=1024m scope=spfile sid='*';

System altered.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> alter system set SGA_TARGET=650m scope=spfile sid='*';

System altered.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> alter system set PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET=368m scope=spfile sid='*';

System altered.

SQL>

Reboot database and verify that it switched from AMM(automatic memory management)
to ASMM(automatic shared memory management)--------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1073741824 bytes

Fixed Size 8628936 bytes
Variable Size 696255800 bytes
Database Buffers 364904448 bytes
Redo Buffers 3952640 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> show parameter memory
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
hi_shared_memory_address integer 0
inmemory_adg_enabled boolean TRUE
inmemory_clause_default string
inmemory_expressions_usage string ENABLE
inmemory_force string DEFAULT
inmemory_max_populate_servers integer 0
inmemory_query string ENABLE
inmemory_size big integer 0
inmemory_trickle_repopulate_servers_ integer 1
percent
inmemory_virtual_columns string MANUAL

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
memory_max_target big integer 0
memory_target big integer 0
optimizer_inmemory_aware boolean TRUE
shared_memory_address integer 0
SQL>

--------> AMM disabled <--------------

SQL> show parameter sga

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
allow_group_access_to_sga boolean FALSE
lock_sga boolean FALSE
pre_page_sga boolean TRUE
sga_max_size big integer 1G
sga_min_size big integer 0
sga_target big integer 652M
unified_audit_sga_queue_size integer 1048576
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> show parameter pga

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
pga_aggregate_limit big integer 2G
pga_aggregate_target big integer 368M
SQL>

--- Review impact on OS resources after switchging for AMM to ASMM-----

The switch from AMM to ASMM frees space in /dev/shm but allocates shared memomry
for the SGA
[oracle@oracle ~]$ ipcs -m
------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key shmid owner perms bytes nattch status
0x00000000 131072 oracle 777 16384 1 dest
0x00000000 163841 oracle 777 3145728 2 dest
0x00000000 393218 oracle 777 3145728 2 dest
0x00000000 360451 oracle 600 524288 2 dest
0x00000000 491524 oracle 600 524288 2 dest
0x00000000 589829 oracle 600 393216 2 dest
0x00000000 622598 oracle 777 16384 1 dest
0x00000000 655367 oracle 777 16384 2 dest
0x00000000 753672 gdm 777 16384 1 dest
0x00000000 851977 gdm 777 2555904 2 dest
0x00000000 884746 oracle 600 524288 2 dest
0x00000000 1179659 oracle 600 8630272 84
0x00000000 1212428 oracle 600 1061158912 42 <-------here
1061158912/1024/1024 = 1012 ~ 1024MB
0x00000000 1245197 oracle 600 3952640 42
0x20af44f8 1277966 oracle 600 20480 42

[oracle@oracle ~]$
[oracle@oracle ~]$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.8G 9.7M 1.8G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.8G 0 1.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/ol_stby-root 85G 27G 58G 32% /
/dev/sda1 509M 218M 291M 43% /boot
tmpfs 368M 36K 368M 1% /run/user/54321 <---------
PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET : 368 Mbyte used 36K oracle
tmpfs 368M 12K 368M 1% /run/user/42
[oracle@oracle ~]$
[oracle@oracle ~]$ id oracle
uid=54321(oracle) gid= 54321(oinstall)
groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba),54323(oper),54324(backupdba),54325(dgdba),54326(k
mdba),54330(racdba)
[oracle@oracle ~]$

Switching from Automatic Shared Memory Management ( ASMM ) to Automatic Memory

Management ( AMM )
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------

[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Sep 28 10:19:50 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> show parameter sga

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
allow_group_access_to_sga boolean FALSE
lock_sga boolean FALSE
pre_page_sga boolean TRUE
sga_max_size big integer 1G
sga_min_size big integer 0
sga_target big integer 652M
unified_audit_sga_queue_size integer 1048576
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> show parameter memory

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
hi_shared_memory_address integer 0
inmemory_adg_enabled boolean TRUE
inmemory_clause_default string
inmemory_expressions_usage string ENABLE
inmemory_force string DEFAULT
inmemory_max_populate_servers integer 0
inmemory_query string ENABLE
inmemory_size big integer 0
inmemory_trickle_repopulate_servers_ integer 1
percent
inmemory_virtual_columns string MANUAL

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
memory_max_target big integer 0
memory_target big integer 0
optimizer_inmemory_aware boolean TRUE
shared_memory_address integer 0
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>

SQL> alter system set memory_max_target=1G scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set memory_target=1G scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set sga_target=0 scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL>

Disabled ASMM
---------------------------
Reboot database and verify that it switched from AMM(automatic memory management)
to ASMM(automatic shared memory management)--------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1073741824 bytes

Fixed Size 8628936 bytes
Variable Size 692061496 bytes
Database Buffers 369098752 bytes
Redo Buffers 3952640 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>

---go to sqldeveloper ----

select * from v$memory_dynamic_components;

select component, current_size/1024/1024 "MB" from v$memory_dynamic_components;

select * from v$memory_target_advice;

Problem and solution:

-------------------------------
login as: oracle
oracle@192.168.1.120's password:
Last login: Mon Sep 28 11:15:36 2020
[oracle@oracle ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@oracle 12.2.0.1]$ ll
total 112
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 84 Aug 2 18:17 addnode
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 18 Aug 14 10:36 admin
drwxr-xr-x. 6 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:15 apex
drwxr-xr-x. 10 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:09 assistants
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 8192 Aug 2 18:25 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 7 oracle oinstall 70 Aug 2 18:17 ccr
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 23 Aug 2 18:17 cdata
drwxr-xr-x. 5 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:51 cfgtoollogs
drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 87 Aug 2 18:17 clone
drwxr-xr-x. 6 oracle oinstall 55 Aug 2 18:09 crs
drwxr-xr-x. 6 oracle oinstall 53 Aug 2 18:17 css
drwxr-xr-x. 11 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:17 ctx
drwxr-xr-x. 7 oracle oinstall 71 Aug 2 18:09 cv
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 20 Aug 2 18:09 data
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 19 Aug 2 18:09 dbjava
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 94 Sep 28 11:07 dbs
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 32 Aug 2 18:16 dc_ocm
drwxr-xr-x. 5 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:21 deinstall
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 20 Aug 2 18:09 demo
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 20 Aug 2 18:09 diagnostics
drwxr-xr-x. 8 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:12 dmu
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 19 Aug 2 18:09 dv
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 852 Aug 19 2015 env.ora
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 18 Aug 2 18:09 has
drwxr-xr-x. 5 oracle oinstall 41 Aug 2 18:21 hs
drwxr-xr-x. 9 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:28 install
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 29 Aug 2 18:12 instantclient
drwxr-x---. 13 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:22 inventory
drwxr-xr-x. 8 oracle oinstall 82 Aug 2 18:09 javavm
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 35 Aug 2 18:12 jdbc
drwxr-xr-x. 7 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:16 jdk
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:16 jlib
drwxr-xr-x. 12 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:17 ldap
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 12288 Aug 2 18:21 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 32 Aug 2 18:29 log
drwxr-xr-x. 7 oracle oinstall 75 Aug 2 18:09 md
drwxr-xr-x. 6 oracle oinstall 53 Aug 2 18:17 mgw
drwxr-xr-x. 10 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:21 network
drwxr-xr-x. 5 oracle oinstall 46 Aug 2 18:09 nls
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 18 Aug 2 18:21 oc4j
drwxr-xr-x. 7 oracle oinstall 64 Aug 2 18:09 odbc
drwxr-xr-x. 5 oracle oinstall 42 Aug 2 18:09 olap
drwxr-xr-x. 12 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:17 OPatch
drwxr-xr-x. 8 oracle oinstall 77 Aug 2 18:17 opmn
drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 34 Aug 2 18:09 oracore
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 56 Dec 10 2019 oraInst.loc
drwxr-xr-x. 7 oracle oinstall 64 Aug 2 18:09 ord
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 19 Aug 2 18:09 ordim
drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 67 Aug 2 18:13 ords
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 19 Aug 2 18:09 oss
drwxr-xr-x. 8 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:21 oui
drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 33 Aug 2 18:09 owm
drwxr-xr-x. 5 oracle oinstall 39 Aug 2 18:09 perl
drwxr-xr-x. 6 oracle oinstall 78 Aug 2 18:11 plsql
drwxr-xr-x. 6 oracle oinstall 56 Aug 2 18:09 precomp
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 45 Aug 2 18:36 QOpatch
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 21 Aug 2 18:09 R
drwxr-xr-x. 7 oracle oinstall 63 Aug 2 18:17 racg
drwxr-xr-x. 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:21 rdbms
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 21 Aug 2 18:09 relnotes
-rwx------. 1 oracle oinstall 589 Aug 2 18:21 root.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 2826 Mar 9 2016 schagent.conf
drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 31 Aug 2 18:09 scheduler
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 18 Aug 2 18:09 slax
drwxr-xr-x. 22 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 27 20:41 sqldeveloper
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 17 Aug 2 18:09 sqlj
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:11 sqlpatch
drwxr-xr-x. 7 oracle oinstall 64 Aug 2 18:19 sqlplus
drwxr-xr-x. 9 oracle oinstall 91 Aug 2 18:17 srvm
drwxr-xr-x. 5 oracle oinstall 45 Aug 2 18:09 suptools
drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 33 Aug 2 18:09 sysman
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 35 Aug 2 18:12 ucp
drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 31 Aug 2 18:09 usm
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 33 Aug 2 18:12 utl
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 19 Aug 2 18:09 wwg
drwxr-x---. 7 oracle oinstall 69 Aug 2 18:09 xdk
[oracle@oracle 12.2.0.1]$ cd admin/
[oracle@oracle admin]$ ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 24 Aug 14 10:36 orcl
[oracle@oracle admin]$ cd orcl/
[oracle@oracle orcl]$ ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 44 Aug 14 10:36 xdb_wallet
[oracle@oracle orcl]$ cd ..
[oracle@oracle admin]$ cd ..
[oracle@oracle 12.2.0.1]$ ll
total 112
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 84 Aug 2 18:17 addnode
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 18 Aug 14 10:36 admin
drwxr-xr-x. 6 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:15 apex
drwxr-xr-x. 10 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:09 assistants
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 8192 Aug 2 18:25 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 7 oracle oinstall 70 Aug 2 18:17 ccr
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 23 Aug 2 18:17 cdata
drwxr-xr-x. 5 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:51 cfgtoollogs
drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 87 Aug 2 18:17 clone
drwxr-xr-x. 6 oracle oinstall 55 Aug 2 18:09 crs
drwxr-xr-x. 6 oracle oinstall 53 Aug 2 18:17 css
drwxr-xr-x. 11 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:17 ctx
drwxr-xr-x. 7 oracle oinstall 71 Aug 2 18:09 cv
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 20 Aug 2 18:09 data
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 19 Aug 2 18:09 dbjava
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 94 Sep 28 11:07 dbs
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 32 Aug 2 18:16 dc_ocm
drwxr-xr-x. 5 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:21 deinstall
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 20 Aug 2 18:09 demo
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 20 Aug 2 18:09 diagnostics
drwxr-xr-x. 8 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:12 dmu
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 19 Aug 2 18:09 dv
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 852 Aug 19 2015 env.ora
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 18 Aug 2 18:09 has
drwxr-xr-x. 5 oracle oinstall 41 Aug 2 18:21 hs
drwxr-xr-x. 9 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:28 install
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 29 Aug 2 18:12 instantclient
drwxr-x---. 13 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:22 inventory
drwxr-xr-x. 8 oracle oinstall 82 Aug 2 18:09 javavm
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 35 Aug 2 18:12 jdbc
drwxr-xr-x. 7 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:16 jdk
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:16 jlib
drwxr-xr-x. 12 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:17 ldap
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 12288 Aug 2 18:21 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 32 Aug 2 18:29 log
drwxr-xr-x. 7 oracle oinstall 75 Aug 2 18:09 md
drwxr-xr-x. 6 oracle oinstall 53 Aug 2 18:17 mgw
drwxr-xr-x. 10 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:21 network
drwxr-xr-x. 5 oracle oinstall 46 Aug 2 18:09 nls
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 18 Aug 2 18:21 oc4j
drwxr-xr-x. 7 oracle oinstall 64 Aug 2 18:09 odbc
drwxr-xr-x. 5 oracle oinstall 42 Aug 2 18:09 olap
drwxr-xr-x. 12 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:17 OPatch
drwxr-xr-x. 8 oracle oinstall 77 Aug 2 18:17 opmn
drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 34 Aug 2 18:09 oracore
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 56 Dec 10 2019 oraInst.loc
drwxr-xr-x. 7 oracle oinstall 64 Aug 2 18:09 ord
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 19 Aug 2 18:09 ordim
drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 67 Aug 2 18:13 ords
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 19 Aug 2 18:09 oss
drwxr-xr-x. 8 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:21 oui
drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 33 Aug 2 18:09 owm
drwxr-xr-x. 5 oracle oinstall 39 Aug 2 18:09 perl
drwxr-xr-x. 6 oracle oinstall 78 Aug 2 18:11 plsql
drwxr-xr-x. 6 oracle oinstall 56 Aug 2 18:09 precomp
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 45 Aug 2 18:36 QOpatch
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 21 Aug 2 18:09 R
drwxr-xr-x. 7 oracle oinstall 63 Aug 2 18:17 racg
drwxr-xr-x. 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:21 rdbms
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 21 Aug 2 18:09 relnotes
-rwx------. 1 oracle oinstall 589 Aug 2 18:21 root.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 2826 Mar 9 2016 schagent.conf
drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 31 Aug 2 18:09 scheduler
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 18 Aug 2 18:09 slax
drwxr-xr-x. 22 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 27 20:41 sqldeveloper
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 17 Aug 2 18:09 sqlj
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 2 18:11 sqlpatch
drwxr-xr-x. 7 oracle oinstall 64 Aug 2 18:19 sqlplus
drwxr-xr-x. 9 oracle oinstall 91 Aug 2 18:17 srvm
drwxr-xr-x. 5 oracle oinstall 45 Aug 2 18:09 suptools
drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 33 Aug 2 18:09 sysman
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 35 Aug 2 18:12 ucp
drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 31 Aug 2 18:09 usm
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 33 Aug 2 18:12 utl
drwxr-xr-x. 3 oracle oinstall 19 Aug 2 18:09 wwg
drwxr-x---. 7 oracle oinstall 69 Aug 2 18:09 xdk
[oracle@oracle 12.2.0.1]$ cd dbs/
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ ll
total 20
-rw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Sep 28 11:07 hc_orcl.dat
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 3079 May 15 2015 init.ora
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 24 Sep 16 00:23 lkORCL
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 3584 Sep 16 00:34 orapworcl
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 3584 Sep 28 11:03 spfileorcl.ora
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbs
[oracle@oracle dbs]$
[oracle@oracle dbs]$
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Sep 28 11:18:56 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> create pfile from spfile;

File created.

SQL> exit
Disconnected
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ ll
total 24
-rw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Sep 28 11:07 hc_orcl.dat
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 3079 May 15 2015 init.ora
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1287 Sep 28 11:19 initorcl.ora
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 24 Sep 16 00:23 lkORCL
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 3584 Sep 16 00:34 orapworcl
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 3584 Sep 28 11:03 spfileorcl.ora
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ vi initorcl.ora
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ vi initorcl.ora
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ vi initorcl.ora
[oracle@oracle dbs]$
[oracle@oracle dbs]$
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbs
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Sep 28 11:25:35 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup spfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbs/initorcl.ora';

SP2-0714: invalid combination of STARTUP options
SQL> startup spfile=initorcl.ora
SP2-0714: invalid combination of STARTUP options
SQL> startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbs/initorcl.ora';
ORA-00844: Parameter not taking MEMORY_TARGET into account
ORA-00851: SGA_MAX_SIZE 1073741824 cannot be set to more than MEMORY_TARGET
4194304.
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
SQL> exit
Disconnected
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ vi initorcl.ora
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ vi initorcl.ora
[oracle@oracle dbs]$
[oracle@oracle dbs]$
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Sep 28 11:33:04 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbs/initorcl.ora';

ORA-00837: Specified value of MEMORY_TARGET greater than MEMORY_MAX_TARGET
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
SQL> exit
Disconnected
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ vi initorcl.ora
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ vi initorcl.ora
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Sep 28 11:37:41 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbs/initorcl.ora';

ORA-00844: Parameter not taking MEMORY_TARGET into account
ORA-00851: SGA_MAX_SIZE 1073741824 cannot be set to more than MEMORY_TARGET
645922816.
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
SQL> exit
Disconnected
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Sep 28 11:38:23 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> exit
Disconnected
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbs
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ vi initorcl.ora
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ vi initorcl.ora
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Sep 28 11:41:50 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbs/initorcl.ora';

ORA-00844: Parameter not taking MEMORY_TARGET into account
ORA-00851: SGA_MAX_SIZE 1073741824 cannot be set to more than MEMORY_TARGET
432013312.
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
SQL> exit
Disconnected
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ vi initorcl.ora
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ cat initorcl.ora
orcl.__data_transfer_cache_size=0
orcl.__db_cache_size=419430400
orcl.__inmemory_ext_roarea=0
orcl.__inmemory_ext_rwarea=0
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=8388608
orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=385875968
orcl.__sga_target=683671552
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=33554432
orcl.__shared_pool_size=205520896
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='12.2.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_hp21ygtw_.ctl','/u0
1/a pp/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_hp21yhh5_.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata'
*.db_domain='localdomain'
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=8016m
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.local_listener='LISTENER_ORCL'
*.memory_max_target=1073741824 <------------keep it same as memory_target--------
*.memory_target=1073741824 <------------keep it same as
memory_max_target--------
*.nls_language='AMERICAN'
*.nls_territory='AMERICA'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=385875968
*.processes=300
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_max_size=1073741824
*.sga_target=0
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
[oracle@oracle dbs]$

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Sep 28 11:43:00 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbs/initorcl.ora';

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1073741824 bytes

Fixed Size 8628936 bytes
Variable Size 692061496 bytes
Database Buffers 369098752 bytes
Redo Buffers 3952640 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit
Production
[oracle@oracle dbs]$
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit
Production
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ ll
total 24
-rw-rw----. 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Sep 28 11:43 hc_orcl.dat
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 3079 May 15 2015 init.ora
-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 1288 Sep 28 11:42 initorcl.ora
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 24 Sep 16 00:23 lkORCL
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 3584 Sep 16 00:34 orapworcl
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 3584 Sep 28 12:10 spfileorcl.ora
[oracle@oracle dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Sep 28 12:16:30 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1073741824 bytes

Fixed Size 8628936 bytes
Variable Size 692061496 bytes
Database Buffers 369098752 bytes
Redo Buffers 3952640 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> exit

[oracle@oracle dbs]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/dbs