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About Primavera
❑ Primavera is a project management tool owned by Oracle.
❑ It is a very potential and comprehensive project management tool
amongst various such tools available in the market.
❑ It is specifically designed to manage complex projects. It is optimized
for large / very large projects. This capability does not imply that it
can not be used for simpler projects.
❑ Primavera can be used to manage activities, time, costs, resources,
contracts, changes, risks, etc in a projects leading to successful
execution of the project
❑ Primavera is an effective tool for collaborating across the entire
project team and manage projects proactively to meet project success
requirements, set up / update standard business processes and general
best practices.

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About Primavera
❑ Usual features like in most of the other project management software,
Primavera can also be used to:
❑ Plan, schedule, monitor and control projects
❑ Assign resources to tasks, and track progress
❑ Monitor and visualize project performance versus plan
❑ Updating schedule by multiple users at the same time
❑ Produce schedule and resource reports and graphics
❑ In addition, it can conduct what-if analysis, and analyze alternatives
through ‘reflections’.
❑ It is Windows-based tool

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About Primavera

❑ Primavera is available either as:

❑ P6 PPM – (PPM - Professional Project Management)

❑ P6 ( / P6 Professional) - stand alone application (using
SQL Lite database)

❑ P6 PPM – Enterprise version (using P6 Client Database).

P6 PPM can also be connected to P6 EPPM through
database used by P6 EPPM.

❑ P6 EPPM – (EPPM-Enterprise Portfolio Project

Management)
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•P6 PPM and P6 EPPM

PPM:
➢ PPM stands for Professional Project Management
➢ PPM is the primavera windows based project planning tool for
managing construction projects.

EPPM:
➢ EPPM stands for Enterprise Project Portfolio Management
➢ EPPM is an enterprise portfolio and project management tool.
➢ Primavera P6 EPPM is fully web-based. It runs in a browser and
connects to a web server that serves-up the visually-rich interface.

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•P6 PPM and P6 EPPM

1. Size of Project:
▪ P6 Professional can be used to create and manage up to 100,000
activities.
▪ P6 EPPM can be used to manage multiple projects and corresponding
activities from a centralized database.
▪ P6 EPPM can be installed faster than P6 Professional when used on an
enterprise-level organization.

2. Reporting, Graphics, and Illustrations:

▪ P6 EPPM gives you access to more graphs, charts, pivot tables, and
additional dashboards to gain a comprehensive view of your project
quickly.
▪ P6 EPPM is the best option when executive-level management, project
team members, and skilled workers, all want to review project status.
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•P6 PPM and P6 EPPM

3. Speed:

▪ P6 Professional is routinely installed on each machine, the processing

speed for scheduling on the executable file is increased. As a result,
changes can be done faster and more-efficiently on P6 Professional.

▪ P6 EPPM may run slightly slower than P6 Professional depending on the

speed of Internet connection. With each function in P6 EPPM, one has to
wait on the page to load in the browser.

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•Benefits of using Primavera P6

➢ Plan, schedule, and control simple as well as most complex
projects.

➢ Allocate best resources, and track progress.

➢ Visualize and communicate project performance versus plan.

➢ Analyze alternative project plans through 'what-if analysis' to

increase speed and efficiency of project execution.

➢ Identify issues, evaluate risks, and determine their impact on

projects.

➢ Everyone on the project team can collaborate to have the

necessary details enabling them contribute to project success.
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Types of Schedule
Schedule is the term often used to mean both the schedule model and
the output of activities with their associated dates.

Schedule Model : is a dynamic representation of the plan for

executing the project’s activities developed by the project
stakeholders applying the scheduling method to a scheduling tool
using project specific data such as activity lists and activity
attributes.
The schedule model can be processed by a scheduling tool to produce
various schedule model instances.
scheduling method + scheduling tool + project specific data
 schedule model.

Project Schedule is defined as ‘an output of a schedule model instance

that presents the time based information required by the
communication plan, including activities with planned dates,
durations, milestone dates, and resource allocation.’
Source: Practice Standard for Scheduling, Second Edition, 2011, published by PMI, USA 17
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Types of Schedule
Presentation

Project Schedule can be represented in many ways like: Simple lists,

bar charts with dates, network logic diagrams with dates, resource
usage patterns, and costs, milestones, master schedules, departmental
work lists, team work lists, and deliverable due dates. However most
commonly used are:

• Bar Charts

• Network Diagram

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Types of Schedule
Bar Chart:

• A graphic display of schedule-related information.

• In the typical bar chart, schedule activities or work breakdown

structure components are listed down the left side of the chart,
dates are shown across the top, and activity durations are shown as
date-placed horizontal bars.

• Also known as Gantt chart.

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Types of Schedule

Network Diagram (Project Schedule Network Diagram):

Any schematic display of the logical relationships among the project

schedule activities.

Always drawn from left to right to reflect project work chronology

Activity 2

Start Activity 1 Activity 4 End

Activity 3

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Types of Schedule
Types of Schedules
➢ Five basic types of schedule *
➢ early start schedule,
➢ late start schedule,
➢ baseline schedule,
➢ resource-limited schedule,
➢ target schedule.

➢ Other types of schedules are actually derivatives of these five basic

schedule types.

➢ Such derivatives include master schedules, milestone schedules, and

summary schedules.

➢ The use of these terms may vary from project to project and
organization to organization.

* Source: Practice Standard for Scheduling, pg 19, Second Edition, 2011, published by PMI, USA21
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Types of Schedule
Terms used for Schedule Model

➢ Project Status: ➢ Schedule Level of Details:

Baseline Schedule Level-1
Current Schedule Level-2
Level-3
➢ Project Discipline: Level-4
Engineering Schedule Level-5
Procurement Schedule
Construction Schedule ➢ Others:
Commissioning Schedule Milestone Schedule
3-Week Look Ahead Schedule
3-Months Look Ahead Schedule

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Types of Schedule
Schedule Model Level

Irrespective of physical level depth of the overall schedule, as per

PMI® following schedule level definitions be used:

1. Level 1—Executive Summary. This is a summary level schedule

2. Level 2—Management Summary. This is a more extensive

summary level schedule.

3. Level 3—Publication Schedule. This will be the level of detail

used to support the monthly report.

4. Level 4—Execution Planning. This supports the construction and

commissioning teams in their overall planning of the project.

5. Level 5—Detailed Planning. This level of detail is used for short-

term planning for the field.

Source: Practice Standard for Scheduling-2nd Edition-2011, by PMI® PMI® - Project Management Institute, USA 23
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Early / Late Dates, Critical Path, Floats

➢ Early Start Date (ES): the earliest possible point in time when the uncompleted
portions of a scheduled activity can start based on the scheduled network logic,
the data date, and any schedule constraint.

➢ Early Finish Date (EF): the earliest possible point in time when the
uncompleted portions of a scheduled activity can finish based on the scheduled
network logic, the data date, and any schedule constraint.

➢ Late Start Date (LS): the latest possible point in time when the uncompleted
portions of a scheduled activity can start based on the scheduled network logic,
the project completion date, and any schedule constraint.

➢ Late Finish Date (LF): the latest possible point in time when the uncompleted
portions of a scheduled activity can finish based on the scheduled network
logic, the project completion date, and any schedule constraint.

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Early / Late Dates, Critical Path, Floats

➢ Critical Path: the sequence of activities that represents the longest path through
a project, which determines the shortest possible duration.

➢ Free Float: the amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed without
delaying the early start date of any successor or violating a schedule
constraint.

➢ Total Float: the amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed or
extended from its early start date without delaying the project finish date or
violating a schedule constraint.

➢ Forward Pass: A critical path method technique for calculating the early start
and early finish dates by working forward through the schedule model from the
project start date or a given point in time.

➢ Backward Pass: A critical path method technique for calculating the late start
and late finish dates by working backward through the schedule model from the
project end date.
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Early / Late Dates, Critical Path, Floats

➢ Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM) :
➢ A technique used for constructing a schedule model in which
activities are represented by nodes.
➢ Schedule activities are graphically linked by one or more logical
relationships to show the sequence in which the activities are to be
performed.
➢ Also called Activity on Node (AON).

➢ Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM) :

➢ A schedule network diagramming technique in which schedule
activities are represented by arrows.
➢ The tail of the arrow represents the start, and the head represents
the finish of the schedule activity.
➢ The length of the arrow does not represent the expected duration of
the schedule activity.
➢ Schedule activities are connected at points called nodes (usually
drawn as small circles) to illustrate the sequence in which the
schedule activities are expected to be performed.
➢ Also called Activity on Arrow (AOA) 26
Free Float and Total Float Calculations

Free Float FF(A) = ES(B) - EF(A)

ES D EF ES D EF
Total Float
TF = Activity A Activity B
LS – ES, or
LF – EF LS LF LS LF

Free Float (or Slack) – amount of time a schedule activity can be delayed
without delaying the Early Start of Successor Activities.

Total Float (or Slack) - amount of time a schedule activity can be delayed
without delaying the entire Project

For Critical Path the Total Float - 0

To be continued in next lecture (1.b) after here >>>>

Thank you

Mukul Gupta, PMP

mukul@theccm.co.uk