Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Unit 5: Airport Runway Length
Unit 5: Airport Runway Length
Runway Length
Syllabus
Airport planning and Airport layout-, Runway orientation, Wind Rose diagram, Basic
runway length, corrections for runway length, Airport classification, Geometric design.
Airport capacity, Aircraft parking systems.
2018
Airport Classification
ICAO Airport Classification
Airport Basic Runway Width of Max
Type Length (m) Runway Longitudinal
Pavement Grade (%)
(m)
Code Equivalent Tire Pressure
Max Min
No Single Wheel (kg/cm2)
A >2100 2100 45 1.5 Load (kg)
B 2099 1500 45 1.5 1 45000 8.5
C 1499 900 30 1.5 2 34000 7.0
D 899 750 22.5 2.0 3 27000 7.0
E 749 600 18 2.0 4 20000 7.0
5 13000 6.0
Example:
6 7000 5.0
An airport B-3 would have basic runway length
7 2000 2.5
ranging between 1500-2099m. Single wheel load
capacity of 27000 with a tire pressure of 7 kg/cm2
Runways
Definition
Max Min
• Elevation Correction
• Temperature Correction
• Gradient Correction
ART = 𝑇1 + 1/3(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )
Where,
𝑇1 = Monthly mean of average daily temperature for the
hottest month of the year (C)
Note:
Solution
1
Airport Reference Temperature (ART) = 𝑇1 + 3 (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )
Where,
𝑇1 = Monthly mean of average daily temperature of the hottest month (C)
𝑇2 = Monthly mean of maximum daily temperature of the hottest month (C)
1
𝐴𝑅𝑇 = 27.3 + (43.2 − 27.3)
3
= 27.3 + 5.3,
𝐴𝑅𝑇 = 32.6°𝐶
Elevation Correction:
7 170
× 2100 × = 83.3m
100 300
Temperature Correction
1
Correction = 2183 × × 18.71 = 408.3m
100
20
× 2591.6 × 0.23 = 119m
100
Chainage Elevation
0 100
200 100 + 0.01 x 200 = 102.0
600 102.0 - 0.01 x 400 = 98.0
1200 98.0 + 0.008 x 600 = 102.8
1600 102.8 + 0.002 x 400 = 103.6
Max difference in elevation = 103.6 - 98 = 5.6m
Total Runway Length = 1600m
Effective Gradient = 5.6/1600 x 100 =0.35
Basic Runway Length
Basic Runway Length
It refers to the length of an airport runway under the
following assumptions:
Related to runway:
No wind is blowing on runway
Runway is levelled (No effective gradient)
Related to Airport:
Airport is at sea level
The temperature at the airport is 15C (Standard Temperature)
Related to aircraft:
Aircraft is loaded to its capacity
Related to route to destination:
No wind is blowing on the way to destination
Standard temperature prevails along the way
• Aircraft characteristics
• Safety requirements
Touchdown
Stop Point 15m
Landing Distance
Dr. Mohd Ahmadullah Farooqi
Normal Landing Calculations
• Field Length (FL) = landing distance (LD)
• LD = Stopping distance (SD) / 0.60 = SD x 1.67
• Length of full strength runway = LD
Touchdown
Stop Point 15m
Landing Distance
Dr. Mohd Ahmadullah Farooqi
Normal Take-off Case
Normal Take-off Case
• The take-off distance (TOD) must be equal to 115% of
the actual distance the aircraft uses to reach a height
of 10.5m
• TOD should be equal to 115% of the distance to reach a
height of 10.5m.
10.5m
10.5m
Min 150m
Normal Take-off Runway Composition
• It requires a clearway, as shown in figure below.
• The width of clearway should not be less than
150m (500ft)
• The clearway ground area should not have any
object protruding a plane inclined upwards at a
slope of 1.25% from the end of runway.
This condition applies when the aircraft is speeding up on the runway to take-
off and pilots detect some problem in the engine(s):
Option 1. To abort the flight (This is permissible only if the speed of aircraft is
below the designated speed (engine failure speed), or
Option 2. Proceed with the take-off and turn the aircraft back from the
turning zone (This option applies if speed is > engine failure speed).
Engine 10.5
Failure
De-accelerate-Stop Distance
Accelerate-Stop Distance
Take-off Distance = Distance to reach 10.5m height
Engine 10.5m
Failure
De-accelerate-Stop Distance
Accelerate-Stop Distance
Take-off Distance = Distance to reach 10.5m height
Engine 10.5
Failure
De-accelerate-Stop Distance
Accelerate-Stop Distance
Take-off Distance = Distance to reach 10.5m height
Stopway
Clearway
Dr. Mohd Ahmadullah Farooqi
Airport Environment
• Atmosphere
• Temperature
• Surface wind
• Altitude
• Runway Gradient