Science 8

Science – Grade 8
Quarter 3 – Module 2: Structure of Matter Based on Its Shape and Molecular
Arrangement
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Ligaya A. Gasulas
Editor: Jeric N. Estaco
Reviewers (content / language): Rowena T. Tiempo and Crisheila E. Landicho
(Technical): Rowena T. Tiempo
Illustrator: Edison P. Clet
Layout Artist: Jean Rean M. Laurente
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera, CESE
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta, EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
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Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
 Science 8
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 2
Structure of Matter Based on
Its Shape and Molecular
Arrangement
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 8 Self-Learning Module on Structure of Matter Based

on Its Shape and Molecular Arrangement!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 8 Self-Learning Module on Structure of Matter Based

on Its Shape and Molecular Arrangement!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

This module is made for you to learn about the particle models of the
three states of matter. This will lead you to explain the properties of solids,
liquids, and gases based on the particle nature of matter.
This module is about differentiating the structure of solids, liquids, and
gases based on their shapes and molecular arrangements.
After going through his module, you are expected to:
1. describe the three states of matter based on the following:
a) arrangement of particles; and
b) movement of particles.
2. explain and illustrate that particles of matter move and have space
in between.
3. appreciate the importance of particle model of matter.

PRETEST
Read and write the letter of the correct answer.
1. The particle model of matter shows the arrangement of particles in solids,
liquids, and gases. Which of the following describes the arrangement of
particles in liquids?
A. Far apart and random.
B. Close together and random.
C. Far apart and have a regular pattern.
C. Close together and have a regular pattern.

2. The distance between particles of gases is large compared to the size of the
particles. Which of the following describes the movement of the particles in
all gases?
A. Gas particles vibrate on the spot.
B. Gas particles move around each other.
C. Gas particles move quickly in all directions.
D. Gas particles are held by strong forces in a fixed position.

3. Solids have definite shape and volume. Why do particles of solids cannot
move around?
A. The particles are attracted to one another.
B. The particles fill all the available space in the container.
C. The particles are packed closely and held together by strong forces.
D. There are attractions among the particles which hold them together.
4. You learned in the previous lesson that matter is anything that has mass
and volume. Which among the choices is NOT true about matter?
A. Matter is made up of larger molecules.
B. The particles of matter attract each other.
C. Particles of matter are moving all the time.
D. Particles of matter have spaces between them.

5. Based on the particulate model of matter, which of the following statements

is TRUE?
A. Molecular motion is greatest in liquids, less in solids, and least in gases.
B. Molecular motion is greatest in solids, less in liquids, and least in gases.
C. Molecular motion is greatest in liquids, less in gases, and least in solids.
D. Molecular motion is greatest in gases, less in liquids, and least in solids.

RECAP

Last meeting you learned that everything that exists can be classified
as either a type of matter or a form of energy. Non-matter includes light, heat,
and sounds. You cannot hold, taste, or smell these things. You also learned
that each state of matter has its own unique set of physical properties. Table
1 shows a summary of the physical properties of solids, liquids, and gases.
List five (5) examples at the bottom of each column.
Table 1 Physical States of Matter and Their Properties
Solids Liquids Gases
• Have a definite shape. • Have no definite • Have no definite shape
shape.
• Have a definite volume • Have a definite •Have no definite volume
volume.
• Cannot be compressed • Cannot be • Can be compressed.
compressed
• Do not flow. • Flow and take the • Flow and spread in all
shape of the directions to fill the
container container.
1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3.
4. 4. 4.
5. 5. 5.
 LESSON

According to Aristotle (Greek Philosopher), any object can be divided

infinitely into smaller pieces, but Democritus believed that if an object is cut
into smaller and further smaller pieces, one may finally attain the smallest
indivisible particle which he referred to as atomos, which means
indestructible. A molecule is a particle consisting of two or more atoms
combined together in a specific arrangement. Matter and energy make up your
surroundings. Matter is made up of a very small particles called atoms. It is
the behavior and interactions of atoms and molecules within a substance that
determine their state.

Solid Liquid Gas

Figure 1: The Particulate Model of Matter

The particulate model of matter in figure 1 that the particles of solids

cannot move around and they vibrate a little in fixed position. Thus, they are
incompressible. The particles (ions, atoms or molecules) are tightly packed
together in the solid. The forces between the particles are intense in such a
way that the particles cannot move freely but can only vibrate. As a result,
the solid has a stable, definite shape and a certain volume. Solids can only
change their shape by force, as if they were broken or cut.

In liquids, the particles are closer to one another but they can move
around each other and can change positions but not as freely as those in gas.
As you observe from the given example of liquid, like cooking oil, it flows, its
particles spread out and take the shape of the container while maintaining its
volume. Thus, liquids have definite volume but no definite shape. Particles in
liquids collide each other as they flow out of a container, and these happens
because there are attractions among them. These attractions make it possible
for liquids to have a definite volume.
 Gases take the shape of the container because the particles are able to
move freely to all parts of the container. Gases move in random motion and
its particles move at random directions very quickly. Particles of gases collide
each other and with the walls of the container in straight-line paths, and
change their direction only when they rebound after collisions. The attractions
between particles is negligible because they are far from each other. This
explains why a gas spreads and fill all the available space in the container.
The particle model of matter in figure 1 explains the compressibility of gases.

Figure 2: Sample solid, liquid, and gas

Particles of three states of matter differ in movements and

arrangements. Thus, a particle model of matter is very important in
differentiating the structure of solids, liquids, and gases based on its shape
and molecular arrangement. Observe the pictures in figure 2, why do you
think a piece of brick is hard? What makes a cooking oil to flow? What makes
an air balloon inflated?
Matter, regardless of its state, is always in constant random motion that
possesses energy of motion known as kinetic energy that is dependent on the
temperature. This means that as you increase the temperature, atoms and
molecules will gain more energy; as a result, they will move even faster. To
picture out the arrangement of particles and the movement of particles of the
three states of matter, do activity 1-3 correctly.
 ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Describing Arrangement and Movement

of Particles in Solid, Liquid, and Gas
Objectives:
At the end of this activity, you should be able to describe the three states
of matter based on arrangement of particles and movement of particles.

Directions: Analyze the pictures on table 2. The situation is given, then, try
to rearrange the jumbled letters into word that makes the statement correct.

Table 2: Arrangement and movement of Particles in three states of matter

Pictures Guide questions / Observations
• A girl sitting on the stone.
1. What is your observation on the stone? _______
•The stone is solid, and its shape is definite.
Particles of solids are __________(elysolc)
packed. They cannot _______ (evom) around
but vibrate a little in fixed position.
• The baby taking a bath in a pool of water.
2. What will happen to the water when the baby is
placed into it? _____________
•Water molecules have a strong attraction to
each other because of hydrogen bonding,
allowing water to move against gravity up the
baby’s body. Particles are ________ (resclo) to
one another but they can move around each
other that made them _______ (wolf) and take
the shape of the container.
•Inflating a balloon.
3. What comes in to inflate a balloon? __________
• Gas has particles which are ______ (arf) from
each other. These particles move at random
_________ (ercniotdi) very quickly. This explains
why a gas spreads and fill all the available
space in the container.

Closure: Three states of matter differ in a____________ and m_______________

of particles.
 Activity 2: Explaining Arrangement and Movement
of Particles in Solid, Liquid, and Gas
Objective
At the end of this activity, you should be able to explain that particles
of matter move and have space in between.

Materials: 1 piece 30 mL plastic syringe (without needle), transparent glass,

1 cup of water,1piece dinner plate, and silver spoon
Directions: Write your observations; Answer Questions 1-5 with YES or NO
Procedure
A. Pull the plunger of the syringe until it reaches the 30 mL mark. If a
plastic syringe is not available, just refer to the picture below.
Observation

Q1. Cover tightly the tip of the syringe with your thumb.
Can you push the plunger? ___________
Q2. Do you think there is space between particles of a gas inside the
syringe? __________
B. Let your syringe suck water from the cup up to 30 mL.

Q3. Again, Cover tightly the tip of the syringe with your thumb.
Can you push the plunger? ____________
C. Transfer the 30 mL water from the plastic syringe to a transparent glass.
Q4. Is the shape of water changed? ________
D. Place a silver spoon in an empty cup, then, transfer it to the plate.
Q5. Does the shape of the spoon change? ________

Closure: The air inside the syringe is compressed from 30 mL to 15 ml. The
water flow as you transfer it from syringe to a transparent glass, then take
the shape of the glass. The shape of spoon was not changed. Are the particles
of matter moving? What is in between them? _______________________________
 Activity 3: Illustrating Arrangement and Movement
of Particles in Solid, Liquid, and Gas
Objective
At the end of this activity, you should be able to illustrate that particles
of matter move and have space in between

Directions:
Based on the concepts of this lesson and your observations in activity
2, illustrate the arrangement of particles in solid, liquid and gas by filling in
each square box with small circles that represents the particles of matter. See
the sample below as your guide. Then fill in the blanks with a correct answer.

Table 3: Arrangement and movement of particles in solid, liquid and gas

Solid Liquid Gas

Tablets and Cellphones Water Solutions Air inside the balloon

1. Solids like tablets 2. Liquids like water 3. Gases like air and
and cellphones have solutions and juices oxygen have indefinite
definite s__________and have definite v_________ shape and volume.
volume because the but no definite shape. P___________ are very
particles are packed particles are closer to far from each other;
c_______together in one another but they this explains why a gas
fixed positions. Thus, can move a___________ spreads and fill all the
particles in solids are each other that made available s________ in
incompressible. them to flow. the container.

Closure: In general, the three states of matter differ because of the

arrangement and motion of the particles in each state. These ideas are some
of the features of what scientists call the particle __________of matter.
 WRAP-UP

To summarize the content of the lesson for today, you may review the
particulate model of matter below. Fill in each blank with a correct answer
found in the box.

freely regular move fixed loosely far

•States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas

A. Particle Model
of Matter

B. Arrangement 1. Particles are 3. Particles are 5. Particles are

of Particles tightly packed __________ packed ______ from
together and have together and have each other and
a _____________ a random have a random
pattern. arrangement. arrangement.
C. Movement of 2. Particles 4. Particles can 6. Particles
Particles cannot move _______ around are able to
around and they each other causes move ________
vibrate a little in strong attraction to all parts of
_______ position. among other the container.
particles.

VALUING

Today’s lesson made you aware that molecular motion is greatest in

gases, less in liquids, and least in solids. Matter is made up of tiny particles.
You also learned that particles of matter are moving all the time. Thus,
particles in motion have kinetic energy, and their motion increases as they
gain energy. These particles have spaces between them that make them
attract each other.
Because matter exists in variety of forms, studying them would be a
challenge to you. Like the particulate model of matter, it reminds you when
to move a little, when to move a little bit faster, or when to move quickly in
order to finish your daily task or even to attain your goal in life.
 POSTTEST

Read and analyze each question. Write the letter of your correct answer.
1. Matter is made up of small particles. Which of the following describes the
arrangement of particles in solids?
A. Far apart and random.
B. Close together and random.
C. Far apart and have a regular pattern.
D. Close together and have a regular pattern.

2. Which of the following statements describes the motion of the particles of

liquids?
A. Particles move but in fixed position.
B. Particles vibrate a little in fixed position.
C. Particles move freely and fill all the available space in the container.
D. Particles move and change position but not as freely as those in gas.

3. Fluidity is the ability to flow. Gases and liquids are classified as fluids
because they can flow. Which of the given statements explains the motion
of particles of gases?
A. Particles move freely because they are far apart.
B. Particles move freely because they have no definite shape.
C. Particles move freely because they have no definite volume.
D. Particles move freely because they have definite shape and volume.

4. Particles of three states of matter differ in movements and arrangements.

How will you illustrate the arrangement of particles in liquids?

A. B. C. D.

5. Particle model of matter is very important in differentiating the structure of

solids, liquids, and gases based on its shape and molecular arrangement.
Which of the given statements below is TRUE?
A. Matter is made up of large particles.
B. Particles of matter have spaces between them.
C. Particles of matter are not moving all the time.
D. The particles of matter do not attract each other.
 KEY TO CORRECTION
between them.
spaces
matter have •arrangement and movement
•Particles of Closure:
Closure: • far; direction 6. freely
5. No 3. Air or gas 5. B 5. far D 5.
4. Yes • closer; flow 4. B 4. move A 4.
3. No 2. The water level rises up. 3. A 3. loosely C 3.
2.Yes • closely; move 2. D 2. fixed C 2.
1. Yes 1. The stone is hard. 1. D 1. regular B 1.
Activity 2 Activity 1 Posttest Wrap up Pretest

Activity 3

References
▪ Books
1. E. Madriaga et. al. (Revised Edition 2017). The Particle Nature of Matter. Science
Links 8. Rex Book Store Science and Technology Series. 856 Nicanor Reyes Sr.
St., Sampaloc, Manila. Page 236
2. P. Campo et. al. (Reprint Edition 2016). The Particle Nature of Matter. Science
Learner’s Module. DepEd-BLR. Meralco Avenue, Pasig City. Pages 178-181

▪ Online Sources
1. https://byjus.com/chemistry/three-states-of-matter/
2. https://www.slideshare.net/savedbyGrace/chapter-7slides
3. https://sciencetallis.weebly.com/3-particle-model-of-matter.html
4. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/cheminter/chapter/solid-liquid-and-
gas/