introduced through an auxiliary source (Housner et al. 1997).

Such sources come in

the form of both active and passive systems, illustrated schematically in Figure1.1,
which may be further subcategorized based on their mechanism of energy dissipation
and system requirements. Such systems have become increasingly popular, for the
mitigation of structural motions because of wind and seismic forces.

Figure 1.1 Schematic of various auxiliary damping devices.

1.2.1 PASSIVE CONTROL

The simplest form of control system is the passive control system, which
has been widely accepted for civil engineering application. According to Housner et
al. a passive control system is one that does not require an external power source. All
forces imposed by passive control devices develop as direct responses to the motion
of the structure. Hence, sum of the energy of both the device and the primary system
will be constant.

The main purpose of these systems is to efficiently dissipate the vibrational

energy. The Passive Control Systems work in two ways: (a) by direct energy
dissipation, such as through the yielding of metals, the deformation of viscoelastic
solids and fluids, or the implementation of friction sliders and (b) by indirect energy
dissipation, generally achieved by adding a supplemental oscillator that absorbs the
vibrations of the primary structure.