RESEARCHERS

1. Caragan, Ma. JoylynBai

2. Pelayo, Jayford Clip
3. Jadraque, Ella Mae

TITLE
Factors Affecting the Sustainabilityof the Tourism Industry in General Santos City

Chapter 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

One of the world's largest economic sectors according to the OECD (2019), tourism,
has already taken significant measures to improve energy efficiency and is increasingly
relying on clean energy technology in its daily operations. These actions aid in the
creation of jobs, the alleviation of poverty, and the preservation of the environment.
Chang (2018) stated that despite these many economic benefits, the tourism industry
still has several negative consequences and costs, including crowding, noise, violence,
emissions, and environmental degradation. The Philippines is rich in natural resources
and has one of the world's most diverse ranges of fertile lands, flora and fauna,
breathtaking scenic scenery, diverse culture, and indigenous etiquette (Global
Environment Facility, 2019). A country blessed with a spectacular natural environment,
as well as hospitable and welcoming people, has made it one of the world's most
popular tourist destinations. The country's natural tourist attractions include its beaches,
mountains, and rainforest.Aside from these, the Philippines' rich historical history,
diverse culture and customs, festivals and festivities, native foods and delicacies, and
native foods and delicacies are endemic additions to the country's tourist attractions
(HelpMe Article, “The Philippines: The Importance Of Tourism In The Philippines”
Higher levels of tourism infrastructure development will lead to increased efficiency in
the manufacturing and distribution of tourism services, as well as increased supply of
tourism services in some cases, such as remote destinations.
Moreover, it was stated by Bramo (2013), Infrastructure is an essential factor in an
economic growth of the country. Railway infrastructure is regarded as one of the most
cost-effective modes of transportation. Tourism, on the other hand, has recently come
to be recognized as one of the most lucrative and promising industries, especially for
developing countries.
It is critical for the Philippines to have a good tourism sector in order to attract foreign
tourists and investors. Because of DOT's strong dedication to sustainability, these
economic benefits would directly benefit local residents who protect, care for, and share
their beautiful environments with appreciative tourists. A balanced environment is also
associated with sustainability. Is the phase of growth that meets the needs of the
present. All of this without jeopardizing future generations' ability to meet their needs.
This type of tourism considers its current and future economic, social, and
environmental effects. It not only visits a location as a tourist but also has a positive
impact on the local area. Weak tourism can have an effect not only on the environment
but also on the economy.
According to (Bramwell& Lane, 2012), tourism development has been seen as a
solution capable of creating positive changes through the ideas of sustainable tourism.
Sustainable tourism has played an important role in identifying ways to secure positive
benefits, as well as the established approaches of regulation and development control.
Identify and reassess the variables that need to be improved is one of the main goals of
this study. As a result, it is critical to identify the factors influencing tourism sustainability
and to move quickly to assist tourism in improving. Identifying these factors will provide
guidance to various tourist infrastructures and beaches on how to eventually improve
sustainability. The researchers see this study as useful in this context. The aim of this
research is to identify the factors influencing the sustainability of the tourism industry in
General Santos City.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Factors affecting Sustainability of Tourism Industry in General Santos

Kobal and Shobi (2000), examined on their study that the areas that are characterized
by political, national, cultural and religious conflicts, issues concerning conservation and
development become particularly complex. One prominent example of this tension can
be seen in events that have taken place over the last decade in the city of Nazareth,
which hosts some of Christianity's holiest sites. Results showed in the study of Bilan
(2015), that rural tourism is incorporated into technological, economic, social, cultural,
human and local structures and that there are clear correlations between these factors,
but only fragmentary exploration of the individual factors and their effect on the growth
of rural tourism. Since international tourism is a transboundary operation that links
individuals and institutions in "developed" and "developed" societies, this type of
categorization of conceptualization of tourism that should function internationally and
systemically is of little use now. The foreign, regional and domestic tourism model is
presented and the final section shows how tourism in ASEAN parts can be analyzed
from this general perspective. This is the first step towards a tourist policy economy and
a second (Harrisom, 2015).

Sustainability of Tourism Industry in General Santos City

Sharpley (2010) examined that despite the important attention paid to sustainable
development by tourism scholars and practitioners in recent years, the idea of
sustainable development has not been consistently linked to the philosophy of its
parenting model. There are significant variations between sustainable tourism and
sustainable development definitions that indicate that sustainable development values
and goals cannot be transposed into a particular tourism context. Dianmond Model was
a study conducted by Agillon, 2018 about sustainable tourism model of diamond seeks
to include objective guidelines to assist organizations in the decision-making process for
monitoring the number of tourist tourists or attractions in order to ensure the appropriate
creation of tourist activity that does not endanger the future of the tourist commodity
itself.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Factors in terms of; economic, environment and society are the independent variable
because researchers would then gather and obtain data from respondents without even
any support from the other component and also because those identifies the effects of
those factors is the main objective of this study.
However, any attempt to research the level of sustainability of tourism industry base on
local residents were chosen to be the respondents will be deemed a dependent
variable, as researchers cannot continue with the study simply by trying to seek the
level of sustainability of tourism industry in General Santos City.
Thus, the factors in terms of; economy, environment, and society can stand
independently unlike with the level of sustainability in tourism industry base on the
respondent’s view, which requires support from the other variable. These variables have
always been closely linked to each other in order to complete the study.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Factors affecting
Sustainability of Tourism
Industry in General Santos Sustainability of Tourism
 economy City Industry in General Santos
City
 environment

 society

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To identify the factors affecting the tourism industry of General Santos City;
2. To determine the level of sustainability of tourism industry in General Santos City;
and
3. To show the relationship between the factors in terms of; economics, environment
and society and the sustainability of tourism industry in General Santos City.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The following are the study's beneficiaries and benefits.
To the Business Owners
This study will be beneficial to the owners of various tourist destinations in General
Santos because it will provide them with the ideas about how to improve their facilities
and infrastructures. This will give them an idea of the potential consequences of making
sustainable tourism.
To the Department of Tourism-GSC
Through this study the Department of Tourism can be helpful on reducing negative
social, economic, and environmental consequences increases economic benefits for
locals and improves the well-being of host communities improves working standards
and industry access involves local residents in decisions that impact their lives and
opportunities.
To the Future Researchers
It will assist them in being a resource for additional knowledge as well as developing
and improving better ideas. This will provide them with information on the factors
influencing the tourism industry's sustainability. This research paper will also act as a
guideline and foundation for future tourism-related research papers.
To the Public
This research would arm the public with the expertise and determination to start their
own businesses in order to draw more tourists. The knowledge in this study will assist
them in the creation of their own tourism-related business.
To the Researchers
This will assist them in having to complete their requirements for their undergraduate
thesis. And this will give them a better understanding of the factors influencing the
tourism industry's sustainability and how those factors impact the tourism industry. It will
also assist them in gaining knowledge if they wish to start their own tourism-related
company.
To the Tourists.
This will offer the tourist the impression that such a tourist attraction occurs in the
specific location. It will allow tourists to make more informed decisions. It will entice
tourists to visit more tourist attractions in General Santos City.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

In this context, the following words were used to define the variables mentioned below.
The locations, participants, variables, and other key concepts of this study are listed
below.
To help better understand the words used in this analysis, the following will be derived.

1. Economy- This is one of the factors that will be identified in the study that may
have an effect on the tourism industry's long-term viability. An economy is a
 largecollection of interconnected production and consumption activities that aid in
determining how scarce resources are distributed.
2. Environment- Refers to one of the factors that may have an effect in regards to
the sustainability of tourism industry in General Santos City. It defines as the
totality of all living and non-living elements and their effects on human life.
3. Factors – The term use to describe the sub-variables to the study that may affect
the sustainability of tourism industry.
4. General Santos City - This will be the location in which the researchers will
perform their analysis. The establishments and other tourist attractions are
commonly situated in the said locale which makes it suitable to the prevailing
problem.
5. Local Residents – This refers to the respondents of the study and will answer
the questionnaire to get the data on the prevailing problem of this study. Also,
they are the people who live in the region and are knowledgeable about tourism.
6. Society- The term use as one of the factors that may affect the sustainability of
tourism industry. It refers to the individuals' interactions with one another give rise
to groups. The interaction of social groups and the development of relationships
between them results in the formation of a community.
7. Tourism Industry – This is the main topic of the study where researchers will try
to find those factors that affects its sustainability. The collection of industries that
promote travel for various purposes and travel to places of leisure and business
interests by providing infrastructure, goods, and services

REFERENCES

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conflict: the case of ‘Nazareth 2000’”
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https://oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/tourism-policy-responses-to-the-
coronavirus-covid-19-6466aa20/
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https://www.123helpme.com/essay/The-Philippines-The-Importance-Of-Tourism-
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https://medcraveonline.com/AHOAJ/dianmond-model-a-theoretical-framework-
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