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yxrtBudrf – ZGefv? 1986
'kwd,tBudrf – azazmf0g&Dv? 2000
wwd,tBudrf – Bo*kwfv? 2005 (&efatmifpmay - 2)
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tacsmoyfwnf;Nzwfol
born41987
Myanmar E-Book tNzpf

yxrtBudrf
arv? 2009 ckESpfwGif
Myanmarcupid Forum PDF Creator Group

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rif;vl www.myanmarcupid.net
(2)
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'Dwpfcgawmh tcGifhta&;udk vufvGwfcHvkdY rjzpfawmhbl;/ 'DvlBuD;udk 0ifuyfNyD; oJvGefp &atmif vkyf&awmhr,f/
olxdkifaewJYpm;yGJudk avQmufoGm;w,f/ olUa½SUrSm 0ifxdkif&if; ]][J[J}}qdkNyD; rsufESmcsKdaoG;

vdkufw,f/ olu aMumifawmifawmif jyefMunfhaew,f/ NyD;awmYrS "mwfykHq&mqkdwm ukd,fu rodayr,fY udk,fYudk
odaewJYvlawG ½SdrSmyJqkdwJY tawG;aygufoGm;ykH&w,f/ jyefNyKH;jyw,f/
udk,fu pum;pr,ftvkyfrSm pm;yGJxdk;a&mufvmNyD; ar;vkdY vufzuf&nfwpfcGuf rSmvdkufw,f/
NyD;awmh olUbuf jyefvSnfhNyD; ]][J . . . [J . . . tpfudkBuD;u "mwfykHq&maemf . . . }} vdkY ar;vkdufawmh acgif;udk

tomndwfjyw,f/
]]uRefawmf tultnDav;wpfck awmif;csifvdkY . . . }}
olUrsufESm 0if;yoGm;NyD; . . .
]]qdkprf;ygOD; . . . r*Fvmaqmifvm; . . . bGJU,lzdkYvm; . . . arG;aeYvm; . . . b,faeYvJ . . . }}
]]uRefawmf "mwfykH½dkufrvkdY r[kwfygbl; . . . }}
ol pdwf0ifpm;rSK avsmhenf;oGm;w,f/ rwwfEdkifbl;/ odcsifwmudkawmh &atmif csOf;uyf&rSmyJ/
]]'Dvdkyg . . . cke 'DxJrSm aumifrav;wpfodkuf "mwfykH½dkufMuw,f r[kwfvm; . . . tJ'godcsifwmav;wpfck½SdvkdY

. . . }}
pdwfryghwyg acgif;ndwfw,f/ udk,fuyJ qufNyD; . . .
]]tJ'gav . . . tJ'DxJu wpfa,mufu [dk'if; . . . }}
tJ'DxJu wpfa,mufvdkYyJ ajymEkdifao;w,f/ olUemrnfudk udk,frod/ b,fvdkajym&rvJ/
]][dk . . . tJ'Dwpfa,muftaMumif; enf;enf;odcsifvkdYyg . . . }}
]]b,fwpfa,mufvJ . . . }}
]][dkwpfa,muf . . . tJ . . . olwkdYxJrSm tvSqkH;yJav . . . }}
"mwfykHq&m rsufckH;yifhvdkufw,f/
]]tvSqkH; [kwfvm; . . . vSw,fqkdwm bmvJ . . . }}
15 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
olu ½kwfw&uf jyefar;vkdufvdkY ukd,f aMumifttjzpfoGm;w,f/ ukd,frajzEdkifayr,fh olu tajzudk rapmifY/
]]'Dvdk½Sdw,fuG . . . vSw,fqkdwm Munfholtay:rSm rlwnfw,f . . . wu,fawmfwJY "mwfykHq&mwpfa,muftzdkY

awmh rvSwJholqdkwm r½Sdygbl; . . . bmaMumifYvJqkdawmY "mwfykHq&mu tvSudk jrifwwfvkdYyJ . . . vlwkdif;vlwkdif;rSm tvS
wpfrsKd;pDawmh ½SdwwfMuwmyJ . . . tJ'DtvSudk txl;jyKay:vGifvmatmif t&nftcsif;½SdwJh "mwfykHq&mu vkyfay;Edkifw,f
. . . tusnf;wefaewJh tpdwftydkif;awGudk ajzazsmufay;Ekdifw,f . . . wu,fawmh "mwfykHynmqkdwm . . . }}
rvG,fygvm;/ wpfxdkifwnf;eJY "mwfykHynmudk tukeftpif oifwef;ay;awmhr,fhykHyJ/ tBuHwpfck&vkdufw,f/ olU

tBuKdufvdkufajymNyD; udk,fvdkcsifwm ar;zdkY/
]][kwfygw,f . . . uRefawmf vufcHw,f . . . 'gaMumifh tpfudkBuD;qDrSm wynfhcHNyD; "mwfykHynmudk avhvmvdkuf

pm;rvm;vdkYawmif pdwful;rdw,f . . . }}
ol ajrmufoGm;w,f/ udk,fvdkcsifwJh tuGufxJudkvnf; 0ifvmw,f/
]]'geJY aeprf;ygOD; . . . armif&if ckeajymwJh aumifrav;qkdwmu . . . }}
]]'Dvdkav . . . tJ . . . [kwfNyD . . . tjyma&mif0rf;qufeJY aumifrav; . . . odw,f r[kwfvm; . . . }}
olu pOf;pm;ovdk tif;tJvkyfaew,f/
]]'Dvdkyg tpfudkBuD;&m . . . olwdkY "mwfykH½dkufMuwm emrnfwkdY vdyfpmwkdY ajymoGm;rSmaygh . . . tJ'gav; odcsifvdkY

. . . }}
]][m; . . . rjzpfbl;av . . . igwkdY "mwfykHq&mawGqkdwmu udk,fhqDrSm "mwfykH½dkufwJhvl taMumif;udk olrsm;

avQmufrajym&bl;uG . . . pnf;urf;udk apmifYxdef;&w,f . . . }} vkdY ajymNyD; vufxJu 'l;,m;udk ESpfzGmavmuf qufzGm
w,f/
NyD;awmh ajrBuD;ay: ypfcsNyD; zdeyfeJY eif;ajcvkdufw,f/ pm;yGJay:u owåKyef;uefjym;av;xJrSm 'l;,m;vufusef r½Sd

awmh/
]]a[h . . . 'l;,m; ,lcJhygOD; . . . }} vkdY udk,fu vSrf;atmfvkdufw,f/
ol udk,fhudk wpfcsufMunfhNyD; pOf;pm;aew,f/
'l;,m;wpfyGJ xyfvmcswJhtcg udk,fu pm;yGJxkd;udk . . . ]]b,favmufusvJ . . . }}vkdY ar;NyD; q,fwefwpf½Gufay;

vkdufw,f/
"mwfykHq&mu . . . ]][m . . . aeygap . . . }} vkdY ajymao;w,f/
udk,fu . . . ]]uRefawmf jyKpkyg&ap . . . }} vdkY ajymvkdufw,f/
pm;yGJxdk;u . . .
]]vufzuf&nfwpfcGuf? euf(pf)wpfcGuf? aygufpDwpfvkH;? ylwif;wpfck? 'l;,m;av;vdyfqkdawmh ckepfusyfeJY

ajcmufq,f . . . }}
16 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
awmfawmftpm;ykyfwJhvlBuD;/ rkefYESpfckawmif pm;w,f/ euf(pf)aumfzDvnf; aomufao;w,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf wefyg
w,f/
olUrsufESmxm;u aysmhaysmif;oGm;NyD/ jrefrmvlrsKd;[m vmbfxdk;vkdY taumif;qkH;vlrsKd; jzpfvdrfhr,f xifw,f/ jrefrm

awG[m olrsm;auR;wmarG;wm pm;NyD;&if tm;emvma&m r[kwfvm;/
]]uRefawmf tultnDawmif;csifwmu wjcm;r[kwfygbl; . . . "mwfykHawG ul;NyD;wJYtcg olwdkYtdrfudk oGm;ydkY&r,f

r[kwfvm; . . . tJ'g tpfudkBuD;&JUudk,fpm; uRefawmf oGm;ykdYay;r,fav . . . tpfudkBuD;oGm;&wm oufomoGm;wmaygh . . .
}}
]]'Dvdkqkd&ifvnf; . . . tif; . . . wpfckawmh½Sdw,f . . . }}
olpOf;pm;aewmudk udk,fodw,f/ olUqDu "mwfykHawG ,loGm;NyD; aumifrav;awGudk ay;wJhtcg [dku vufusefaiG

jyeftrf;vdrfhr,f/ 'DaiGudk udk,fu olUudk jyefrtrf;bJ vpfoGm;rSm pdk;&drfwmyJ/
]]uRefawmf 'Dvdkpdwful;xm;ygw,f . . . "mwfykHzdk;usoifhaiGudk uRefawmfu pdkufNyD; ay;xm;cJhr,f . . . olwdkYqDu&

wm uRefawmf jyef,lvkdufrSmaygh . . . }}
]]'gqkd&ifawmh jzpfygw,f . . . }}
]]olwkdYvdyfpmu bmwJhvJ . . . }}
om;a&tdwfxJu rSwfpkpmtkyfudk xkwfNyD; vdyfpmrSwfxm;wJhae&mudk jyw,f/ udk,fu pm½Gufykdif;uav;wpfckrSm

vdyfpmudk ul;,lxm;vdkufw,f/
ZifZifaZmf . . .
vdyfpmu . . .
...........
Ä
]]tJ'gyJuG . . . "mwfykHq&mqkdwJhieJBuD;u cyfwkH;wkH;yJ . . . igvSdrfhwJhtuGufxJ wef;0ifvmwmyJ . . . rif;pOf;pm;

Munfhav . . . vdyfpmudk vufxJrSm &xm;NyD;rSawmh olU"mwfykHawGudk tvkyf½IyfcHNyD; oGm;,laeygawmYrvm;uG . . . }}
udk,fu ajymawmY odef;rif;xGef;u . . .
]]rif; vdyfpm&xm;w,fqdkwJh aumifrav; . . . tJ . . . ZifZifaZmfqkdwm rif;aumifrav;r[kwfyJ wjcm;

aumifrav;jzpfae&if b,fvdkvkyfrvJ . . . }}
]]at;uG . . . 'gvnf; [kwfwmyJ . . . wjcm;wpfa,mufjzpfae&ifawmh ½SnfaerSmyJ . . . olb,foGm;oGm; aemufu

vkdufacsmif;&rvdk jzpfaeNyD . . . oleJY ighaumifrav; qkHrdwJhtxd aemufa,mifcHvdkufae&r,fqkd&ifawmh rvG,fbl; . . . }}
udk,facgif;ukwfvdkufw,f/ olajymwm [kwfom;yJ/ udk,fwGufwm enf;enf;vGJoGm;w,f/ wu,fvdkY "mwfykHawG

,lNyD; oGm;ydkYw,fyJxm;/ udk,fhaumifrav; r[kwf&if bmxl;ovJ/
17 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
wwfEdkifygbl;av/ uHw&m;udkyJ tm;udk;NyD; oGm;Munfh&awmhrSmyJ/ pdwful;wpfck&vdkY odef;rif;xGef;udk ajymjyvkduf
w,f/
]]igwpfck pOf;pm;rdw,fuGm . . . wu,fvkdY ZifZifaZmfqkdwm ighaumifrav;qdk&if "mwfykHawG,lNyD; oGm;ykdYr,fuGm

. . . pum;av; bmav; ajymcGifh&wmaygh . . . tqifoifh&if &if;ESD;oGm;Ekdifw,f . . . }}
]]aumif;om;yJ}}
]]aemufwpfck ½Sdao;w,f . . . ighudk,fig "mwfykHq&m&JU wynfhvdkY ajymr,fuGm . . . enf;enf;yg;yg; ajymcGifh&r,f

qkd&if igu q,fwef;awmif ratmifao;bl;vdkY ajymr,f/ NyD;awmY odyfqif;&Jw,fayghuGm . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;u NyKH;NyD; . . .
]]bmjzpfvdkY tJ'Dvdk ajymrSmvJ . . . }}
]]olYarwåm[m ynmwkdY? &mxl;wdkY? *kPfyumoewkdYtay:rSm wnfovm; . . . wu,fhtcspfppftcspfrSefvm;qkdwm

od&atmifvkdYaygh . . . }}
]][m . . . odyfaumif;wJh tBuHyJ . . . 'DxufykdNyD; xifxif½Sm;½Sm;odcsif&if zmwpfvkH;acgif;usm; Zmwfum;xJuvdk

t½l;a,mifaqmifoGm;ygvm; . . . }}
]][muGm . . . rif;uvJ . . . }}
]]rif;vkyfykHudkvnf; MunfhOD;av . . . [dku rif;udk BuKdufr,f? rBuKdufbl; ajymzdkYaeaeomom rif;udk rSwfrdcsifrS

awmif rSwfrdr,f . . . 'gudk rif;u olUarwåm[m b,fvdktwef;tpm;vJvdkY ppfaq;Munfhcsifaeao;w,f . . . rif;bufu
odyfepfemaeygOD;r,fuGm . . . }}
'DawmYrS udk,fvnf; . . . ]]tvum; ajymwmyg . . . }} qkdNyD; avQmcsvkduf&w,f/
odef;rif;xGef;u . . .
]]rdef;uav;wpfa,mufudk oHo,pdwfeJYawmY rcspfrdygapeJYuGm . . . rdef;uav;qkdwmrsKd;u olwdkYuom a,mufsm;

av;awGudk r,kHMunfbJaecsifw,f . . . olwkdYudkawmY vkH;0,kHMunfrS BuKdufwmuG . . . udk,fu r,kHovkdvdk oGm;vkyf&if
olwkdYarwåmudk apmfum;&aumif;vm;qkdNyD; tBuD;tus,f jyóemwufNyDom rSwfawmh . . . }}
]]r,kHr½SdeJY udk,fawGU . . . qkdygawmh . . . }}
]]'gaygh[ . . . igeJY cifav; wpfcgjzpfwm Munfhygvm; . . . olUtpfudk0rf;uGJeJYtwlwl wGJoGm;wm awGYvdkY igu

rauseyfaMumif; ajymwmudk olUodu©mudk apmfum;w,f . . . olYudk txifao;w,fqkdNyD; tqufjzwfr,f bmnm jzpfwm
av . . . }}
]]at; . . . ig rSwfrdNyD . . . rif;awmif igwkdYtdrfudkvmNyD; tJ'DtaMumif;ajym&if;eJY idkao;w,fav . . . }}
]]acG;aumif . . . ridkygbl;uG . . . rsuf&nf0J½kHwifuav;yg . . . }}
18 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
uHMur®m[m [dkb0u udk,feJY aqGrsKd;awmfcJhykH&w,f/ udk,fhtay:rSm vdkufvkdufavsmavsm ½SdvmvkdYygyJ/
vdyfpmxJutwkdif; ZifZifaZmfqkdwJh aumifrav;tdrfudk oGm;½Smw,f/ olwkdYtdrfu ausmufajrmif;xJrSm/ ausmuf

ajrmif;rSmqkduwnf;u tqifhtwef;udk cefYrSef;vdkY&NyD/ vlvwfwef;pm; tqifh/ 'Dxufvnf; ydkEdkifw,f/
tdrfu wpfxyftdrf/ wkdufvdkYvnf; ajymvdkY&w,f/ ysOfaxmiftdrfqkdvnf; rSefw,f/ bmaMumifhvJqkdawmh rsufESm

pmydkif;ukd wkdufvkdjzpfatmif jyefjyifaqmufxm;wmudk;/ aemufykdif;uawmh ysOfaxmiftdrfyJ/
ywf0ef;usiftajctaeudk avhvmw,f/ [kwfw,fav/ 'gu BuKdwifavhvmxm;oifhwJhudpöwpfckyJ/ e,fajr

uRrf;usifrIqkdwm wpfyef;omwJh tcsufwpfcsufr[kwfvm;/ ,kwfpGtqkH; jyóemwpfckck ay:&ifawmif ajy;ayguf½Smxm;ESifh
vdkY&wmaygh/
tdrfeJYrsufESmcsif;qkdifrSm aq;vdyf? uGrf;,ma&mif;wJh qdkifwpfqdkif½Sdw,f/ aq;vdyf0,fovdkvdkeJY tdrf½Sd&mudk tuJ

cwfEdkifw,f/ tdrfeJY "m;vG,fckwfavmufrSm tat;qkdifwpfqdkif½Sdw,f/ okdYayr,fh MumMumxkdifvdkYawmY raumif;/ pm;yGJawG
bmawG r½Sdbl;/ acG;ajcuav;okH;vkH;avmufyJ csxm;w,f/
uHtm;avsmfpGmyJ olwdkYvrf;bufudk t0ifaxmifhrSm vufzuf&nfqkdifuav;wpfqkdif ½Sdaewm awGY&w,f/ tdrfeJY

awmh enf;enf;vSrf;w,f/ udpör½Sd/ tdrfxJu vlxGufvmwmudk vSrf;jrifEdkifavmufw,f/ NyD;awmh bwf(pf)um;rSwfwdkifudk
xGufcsif&if 'Dvrf;twkdif;yJ vm&rSmyJ/
vufzuf&nfqkdifrSmxdkif? vufzuf&nfrSmaomuf&if; apmifhaevdkufw,f/ olu tjyifxGufr,f rxGufbl;qkdwmu

awmh raocsmbl;/ udk,fu qkdifrSm xdkifaeus 'D&yfuGufuvl r[kwfawmh MumMumxkdifvkdYvnf; raumif;bl;/
'Dawmh xdkifapmifhr,fh tcsdefumvudk owfrSwfvdkufw,f/ wpfem&Dwdwd apmifhMunfhr,f/ tdrfjyifxGufrvm&if jyef

r,f/ aemufwpfaeY vmMunfhr,f/ 'DqkdifrSm okH;&ufavmufqufxkdifvkdYawmh jyóem½SdEkdifr,f rxifygbl;/
xdkifapmifhae&if;u wpfckpOf;pm;rdjyefw,f/ olwdkYtdrfudkoGm;NyD; "mwfykHawG wpf&uf? ESpf&uf? okH;&ufae &r,fqkd

wm taMumif;Mum;cdkif;vkdY vm&wmygvkdY oGm;ajym&if aumif;rvm;/
'DvdkeJY wpfem&Dwdwdom MumoGm;w,f/ odkYayr,fh xkH;pHtwdkif;ygyJ/ aemufig;rdepfavmufawmh apmifhMunfhvkdufOD;

r,favaygh/
ig;rdepfqkdwm cPav;yJ/ ig;rdepfjynfhoGm;jyefawmYvnf; wpfa,mufa,mufudk apmifh&wJhtcg udk,fvkyfaeust

wkdif; vrf;xJudk um;okH;pif;wdwd jzwfoGm;NyD;&if xjyefr,fvkdY qkH;jzwfvkdufjyefw,f/
qkH;jzwfNyD;NyD;csif;rSm rmZ'g y&ufpwdkwpfpif;u vrf;xJudk a0gueJ auGU0ifvmw,f/ aemufwpfpif;uawmh wpf

atmifhavmufMumrS 0ifvmw,f/
cPtMumrSm um;wpfpif; vrf;xJu xGufvmw,f/ okH;pif;ajrmufaygh/ odkYayr,fh tJ'Dum;u apmapmwkef;u 0if

oGm;wJh y&ufpwkdum; jyefxGufvmwmrdkYvkdY xnfhrxGufoifYbl;qkdNyD; y,fvkdufw,f/
tdrfbufudk vSrf;arQmfMunfhjyefw,f/ vlolwpfpkHwpfa,muf&JU t&dyfta,mifawmifrS rjrif&/
vmjyefNyD/ vrf;rbufuae csufAvufum;pkwfBuD;wpfpif; wtdtdeJY armif;vmaew,f/ udk,fvnf; &ifw'dwf'dwf

eJY Munfhaerdw,f/ vrf;OD;wkdufxm;wJhae&mudk a&mufvmw,f/ 'Dbufvrf;xJ csKd;r0ifbJ wnfhwnfhqufarmif;oGm;w,f/
19 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
pNyD;qkH;jzwfuwnf;u a½SUu jzwfoGm;wJh um;okH;pif;vkdYom qkdw,f/ 'Dum;u vrf;xJ csKd;r0ifbJ wnfhwnfh
qufoGm;wmrdkY tusKH;r0ifbl;vdkY owfrSwfvdkufw,f/
um;udk MunfhaerdvkdY tdrfbufudk ckrS vSnfhMunfh&w,f/
a[m . . . tdrfxJu vlwpfa,muf xGufvmNyD/ rdef;uav;wpfa,muf/ tJ . . . wpfa,mufr[kwfbl;? ESpfa,muf/

ESpfESpfom;avmuf½SdwJh uav;av;wpfa,mufudk vufqGJxGufvmw,f/
olYtpfrrsm;rsm;vm;/ r[kwfbl;? olyJ/ ZifZifaZmf/
uav;av;eJY wlwlavQmufvmwmjrifawmh udk,fpdk;&drfoGm;rdw,f/ tJ'g olUuav;rsm;vm;/
acgif;awmfawmf½IyfoGm;w,f/ olu tdrfaxmifeJYvm;/ wpfckvyfruav;rsm;vm;/ i,fi,f½G,f½G,feJY rkqkd;rjzpfae

wmvm;/ tJ'Dvdkrsm;jzpfae&if udk,fcspfEkdifyghrvm;/
olu uav;udk apmifhNyD; avQmufae&vdkY cyfjznf;jznf;yJ vmaew,f/ vufzuf&nfqkdifa½SUudk tjzwfrSm uav;u

. . . ]]tefwD rkefYpm;r,f . . . }} vdkY atmfNyD;idkvkdufwJhtoH Mum;&w,f/
&ifxJu bmrSef;rodwJh tvkH;BuD;qkdwJh[m usoGm;wm toHawmifjrnfvkdY/
Ä
olwkdYtdrfa½SUrSm a&mufaew,f/ b,fvdkac:&rSef;vnf; rod/ vlac:acgif;avmif;ESdyfzdkYcvkwfvnf; ½SmvkdYr&/ tdrfu
0if;tjynfheD;yg; aqmufxm;wm qkdawmh 0if;wHcg;u odyfra0;vS/ Mum;rSm ig;ay? ajcmufayyJ ½Sdr,f/
0if;wHcg;u oHwHcg;/ ydwfxm;w,f/ tdrfwHcg;udkawmh zGifhxm;vkdY tdrfa½SUcef;udk jrifae&w,f/ txJrSm vl&dyfvl

a,mifrawGU&/
'DaeY "mwfykHawG&w,f/ t&ifajymxm;wJhtwkdif;yJ "mwfykHzkd;aiGudk udk,fu ½Sif;cJh&w,f/ ESpf&mausmfBuD;rsm;awmif/

NyD;awmhrS ZifZifaZmfqDu jyefawmif;&rSmaygh/
"mwfykHzdk;aiGudk r,lbJ arwåmvufaqmifay;wmygvkdY ajym&ifaumif;rvm;/ odef;rif;xGef;udk wkdifyifMunfhao;

w,f/
]]rif;eJY odawmifrodao;bJeJY aiGESpf&mzdk;avmuf vufaqmifay;w,fqkdwm iaygrS vkyfrSmyJ . . . awmfMum aumifr

av;u vufcHxm;wJhvl ½SdNyD;om; jzpfae&if tacsmif aiGESpf&m qkH;aeOD;r,f . . . }} qkdvdkY tJ'DtBuHtpnfudk vufavQmh
vkduf&w,f/
tdrf½SifwkdYvdkY atmfac:&rvm;/ t[rf; . . . t[rf; . . . qkdNyD; acsmif;[efYoH ay;&rvm;/
tJ'DtcsdefrSmyJ tdrfxJu vl&dyfjrifvkduf&w,f/ toufig;q,feD;yg;avmuf½SdwJh ta':BuD;wpfa,muf tdrfxJu

xGufNyD; 0if;wHcg;qD avQmufvmw,f/
olu NyKH;NyD; . . .
]]rif;ES,fuG,f . . . arQmfaewm MumNyD . . . ckrSvmawmhw,f . . . }} qkdNyD; wHcg;zGifhay;w,f/
b,fhES,f/ udk,fhudk arQmfaewmMumNyD qkdygvm;/ udk,fvmrSmudk odvkdYvm;/ r[kwfao;ygbl;/

20 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
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udk,fhudkvnf; jrifa&m . . .
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21 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
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"mwfykHawGudk wpfykHNyD;wpfykH cyfjrefjrefMunfhvkdufNyD;awmh ukvm;xkdifwpfvkH;rSm 0ifxkdifw,f/
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ZifZifaZmfu . . .
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22 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
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r,f/
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23 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
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av;eJY xkdifaqmhaew,f/
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aew,f/
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tat;zefcGufudk ,laomufNyD; vufprowfbJ vufESpfvkH;pmavmuf csefxm;vkdufw,f/
olu csDwkHcswkH trlt&mrsKd;jzpfaeNyD;rS . . .
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. . . }} qdkNyD; q,fwefwpf½Guf pm;yGJay:csay;w,f/
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]]"mwfykHq&mBuD;eJY uRefawmfu vlcsif;cifrifaeMuwmav . . . uRefawmfu olUqDrSm tvkyfvkyfwm r[kwfygbl;

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24 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
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oljrifrSmyJ/
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25 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
BuD;aru . . .
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jyefNyD;qufqHw,f/
26 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
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vm; rodbl;/ ajymvkdufqkdvkduf aemufvkdufajymifvkdufeJY/
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Ä
udk,fa&mufoGm;wJhtcsdefrSm ZifZifaZmfwpfa,mufwnf; um;rSwfwkdifrSm &yfaewm awGU&vdkY 0rf;omoGm;w,f/
'DvdktcGifYta&;rsKd; BuKH&cJw,f/ olwkdYtkyfpkawGu ausmif;rSmvnf; wwGJwGJ/ ausmif;uaejyefawmhvnf; rSwfwdkifrSm

wwGJwGJ ½Sdaewwfwmudk;/
olu tjyefbwf(pf)um;rSwfwdkifrSm &yfaewm/ udk,fu ausmif;bufudkvmwhJ um;ay:uqif;vmwm/ um;awG

jzwfarmif;aewm r½Sif;vdkY vrf;jzwfrul;Ekdifao;bl;/
olu udk,fhudk jrifoGm;w,f/
tJ'DvdktcgrsKd;us&if odyfaMumifwufwufEkdifwmyJ/ wpfa,mufudk wpfa,mufvnf; vSrf;jrifae&NyD/ vlcsif;u

vnf; a0;ao;awmh 'DtcgrSm NyKH;jyvkduf&rvm;? olpdkufMunfhaewm rjrifovdkvdk rsufESmvTJae&rvm;/ tae& odyfcuf
w,f/
xkH;pHtwkdif;yJaygh/ wpfcsufvSrf;Munfh? NyKH;a,mifa,mifvkyf? NyD;awmY [dkMunfhovdkvdk 'DMunfhovdkvdkvkyf/ zswfueJ

wpfcsufjyefMunfh? rsufvkH;csif; qkHrdNyDqdk&if rsufESmjyefvTJ/ em&DMunfhovdkvdk? tusÐtdwfxJ [dk½Sm'D½Smvkyf/
um;awG½Sif;awmhrS vrf;jzwful;&w,f/ vrf;ul;&if;u um;rvmrSef; odvsufom;eJY b,fMunfhnmMunfhvkyfrdao;

w,f/
]]wpfa,mufwnf;vm; . . . }}
olYem;udka&mufawmh udk,far;w,f/
olu acgif;ndwfNyD; . . .
]][kwfw,f . . . }}
]]oli,fcsif;awGaum . . . }}
27 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]olwdkY ausmif;rwufMubl; . . . }}
]]av;q,fhckepf pD;rSm r[kwfvm; . . . }}
olu acgif;ndwfjyw,f/
udk,fu . . . ]]uRefawmfvnf; 'Dem; cPvm&if; . . . }} ponfjzifh ajymraeawmhygbl;/ [dktaMumif;'DtaMumif;jy

NyD; ausmif;udk vmvmae&wm tBudrfaygif; renf;awmhbl; r[kwfvm;/
um;u awmfawmfeJY rvmbl;/ vmjyefawmhvnf; vlu tjynfh/ wpfpif;wpfavuawmh wpfckHavmuf vGwfNyD;vm

w,f/ wjcm;vlawG OD;OD;oGm;vkdY olvdkufvkdYr&/
]]um;awGuvnf; b,fvdkjzpfaeovJ rodygbl; . . . }} vdkY olu cyfwkd;wkd;nnf;vkdufw,f/ aeuvnf; enf;enf;

ylawmh tkdufpyfpyfjzpfaew,f/
]]vufzuf&nf aomufrvm; . . . }}
udk,far;w,f/
]]raomufawmhygbl; . . . }}
um;tquftoG,f jywfoGm;jyefNyD/ rSwfwkdifrSm &yfae&wm q,frdepfavmuf½SdoGm;NyD/
ausmif;om;okH;a,muf rSwfwkdifudk avQmufvmw,f/ udk,feJY ZifZifaZmfudk jrifawmh tcsif;csif; wkd;wdk;ajymMuw,f/
udk,fu ZifZifaZmfudk wpfcsuf tuJcwfMunfhw,f/ olUrsufESmu tvkdrusovdk jzpfaew,f/ [dkaumifawGudk

olodykH&w,f/ ausmif;rSm olwdkYtkyfpkudk tjrJvdkufvkdufaemufaewJhaumifawG jzpf&r,f/
aumifav;awGqDu ]]0g;}} ceJ &,fvdkufwJhtoH xGufvmw,f/ olwkdYbmom &,fp&majymNyD; &,fwmvnf; jzpfcsif

jzpfr,f/
ZifZifaZmfuawmh tae& cufaeNyD/ udk,fvnf; rsufESmylvmw,f/
]]vufzuf&nf aomuf&atmif . . . }} vdkY udk,fu xyfajymw,f/
ZifZifaZmfu [dkaumifawGeJY a0;&ifNyD;a&mvdkY oabmxm;vkdufovm;rod/
]]aomufav . . . }} vdkY jyefajymw,f/
udk,fwdkYESpfa,muf um;vrf;udk jzwful;NyD; bk&m;em;u qkdifwef;awGbuf avQmufvmcJhMuw,f/
vufzuf&nfqkdifwpfqkdifrSm 0ifxkdifMuw,f/ wu,fqkd&if rSwfwdkifrSm &yfaeMuwmxuf enf;enf;ykdNyD; £aÈ´&wm

awmh rSefw,f/ wpfzufu Munfhjyefawmh oleJY udk,feJYu bmrS jzpfMuao;wm r[kwf/ udk,fu zGifhNyD;awmhawmif ajym&
ao;wm r[kwf/
'DvdktajctaersKd;rSm vufzuf&nfqkdifrSm ESpfa,mufwnf; xkdifw,fqkdwm odyfobm0rusovdk jzpfaew,f/

ZifZifaZmftwGufvnf; raumif;bl;/ udk,fhtay: odyfvdkufavsmovdkjzpfaew,f/
28 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
odkYayr,fh rwwfEdkifawmh/ vufzuf&nfqkdifrSmu xdkifrdaeMuNyD/
]]vufzuf&nfvm; . . . aumfzDvm; . . . }}
]]bmjzpfjzpf &ygw,f . . . }}
]]tat;aomufygvm; . . . pywfuvif aomufrvm; . . . rSmvdkufr,f . . . }}
]]&ygw,f . . . }}
vufzuf&nfwpfcGufeJY pywfuvifwpfykvif; rSmvkdufw,f/
vufzuf&nfqkdifxJrSm vlodyf½Sif;vSwmawmh r[kwfbl;/ odkYayr,fh udk,fwkdYxkdifwJhpm;yGJu wjcm;pm;yGJawGeJY enf;

enf;a0;w,f/
udk,fwdkYeJY teD;qkH;pm;yGJrSmvnf; vlr½Sdbl;/ uufqufu zGifhwJh oDcsif;oHuvnf; ½SdaevkdY udk,fwkdYajymwJh pum;awG

udk wjcm;0dkif;u rMum;Edkifbl;/
rSmxm;wJh vufzuf&nfeJY tat;ykvif; a&mufvmw,f/
aomufaeMuwkef;rSm udk,f tjyif;txef pOf;pm;aew,f/ 'DaeY 'DtcsdefrSm ajymp&m½Sdwmudk zGifhajymvkduf&rvm;/

wu,fawmh yg;pyfuawmif zGifhajymaep&mrvdk/ udk,fhvG,ftdwfxJrSm pmtdwfwpftdwfu tqifoifh½Sdaew,f/ tm;vkH;
tjynfhtpkH a&;NyD;om;/ 'Dpmtdwfudk ay;vkduf½kHyJ/
'DqkdifrSm vmxkdifMuwm at;at;aq;aq; pum;ajymMuzdkY r[kwfbl;/ udk,fuawmh at;at;aq;aq; xkdifcsifao;

wmaygh/ oluawmh [dkaumifawGudk a½SmifcsifvdkY r[kwfvm;/
'gaMumifh tat;udk jrefjrefukefatmif aomufw,f/ NyD;awmh pm;yGJay:u vG,ftdwfuav;udk ,lNyD; &ifcGifrSm ykduf
vkdufw,f/ ]]jyefMu&atmif . . . }} vdkY tcsufay;wJhoabm/
udk,fhpdwfawG t&rf;vIyf½Sm;vmNyD/ vG,ftdwfxJudk vufEdIufvdkufw,f/ pmtdwfudk prf;rdNyD/
tJ'Dpmtdwfudk xkwf,lvkduf&wm bmyifyef;ovJ/ pOf;pm;aep&mawmif rvkd/ tvdktavsmuf xkwf,lNyD;om; jzpf

ae&rSm/ odkYayr,fh udk,fhvufawGu wkHYqkdif;NyD; pmtdwfudkom yGwfoyfprf;aerdw,f/
udk,fykdifum;awGom armif;cGifh½SdwJh vkdifpifeJY wuúpDum; wufarmif;wJhvludk ,mOfxdef;&Ju ppfwJhtcg tdwfxJu

vkdifpifudk xkwfjy&rSm cufaeovdkrsKd;/
oluawmh vG,ftdwfxJu a½Ta&mifydkufqHtdwfjym;jym;uav;udk qGJxkwfvkdufw,f/
'DawmhrS udk,fvnf; ykdufqH½Sif;zdkY owd&w,f/
]]ae . . . ae . . . uRefawmf ay;yghr,f . . . }}
pm;yGJxdk;udk vSrf;ac:NyD; q,fwefwpf½Guf ay;vkdufw,f/ udk,fhtwGuf tcsdefenf;enf;yJ &awmhr,f/ pm;yGJxkd; jyef

vmNyD; aiGrtrf;cif ay;p&m½Sdwmudk ay;&r,f/ ay;vkdufav/
29 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
udk,fu 'Dvdkr[kwfao;bl;/ pm;yGJxkd;xGufoGm;&mudk vdkufMunfhaerdjyefw,f/ pm;yGJxdk;u aumifwmudk oGm;w,f/
q,fwefay;w,f/ ig;rwfwif;vkdY ajymw,f/ aumifwmu aiGjyeftrf;w,f/
aiGudk ,lNyD; udk,fwkdYpm;yGJudk jyefvmw,f/ udk,f &ifawG ckefaew,f/
pm;yGJxdk;u jyeftrf;aiG vmay;w,f/ 'Dtcsdeftxd udk,f bmrS rvIyf½Sm;vkduf&ao;/
ZifZifaZmfu xkdifae&mu xzdkY[efjyifvkdufw,f/ udk,fu pm;yGJxdk;udk ]]½Twf½Twf}} vdkY vkyfNyD; jyefac:vdkufw,f/
]]’l;,m;wpfvdyfavmuf . . . }} qdkNyD; taMuGjym;av;q,f ay;vkdufw,f/
pm;yGJxdk;u ]]ckeawmh wpfcgwnf; rrSmbl; . . . }} qkdwJh tMunfhrsKd;eJY wpfcsufMunfhNyD; ykdufqH,l vSnfhxGufoGm;

w,f/
[kwfom;yJ/ ‘l;,m;u jyeftxGufrSm aumifwmu 0if,loGm;vnf; &om;eJY/ aumifrav;wpfa,mufa½SUrSmrkdY BuD;

us,fw,fvkdY xifoGm;vdrfhr,f/
vG,ftdwfxJu pmtdwfudk xkwf,lvdkufw,f/ a½Suu pm;yGJay: csay;NyD; . . .
]]ZifZifaZmf ‘gav; zwfMunfhyg . . . }}
olu pmtdwfudk wpfcsufMunfhw,f/ udk,fYudkawmY rMunfh/ pmtdwfudkvnf; aumufr,l/
pm;yGJxdk;u ‘l;,m; vmay;w,f/ udk,f rD;n§dNyD; zGmw,f/ rwfwwf&yfvkdufw,f/
udk,fu . . .
]]tJ’D[m ,lvdkufOD;av . . . }} vdkY ajymw,f/
olu pmtdwfudk ,lw,f/ vG,ftdwfxJ xnfh&if; . . . /
[l; . . . armvdkufwm/
Ä
oltHhMooGm;rSmyJ/
bmaMumifhqdk udk,fay;vkdufwJhpmtdwfu yef;yGifhykH? vdyfjymykHav;awGygwJh pmtdwfvSvSuav;rsKd;rS r[kwfbJudk;/

½dk;½dk;av,mOfpmtdwfqkd&ifvnf; awmfao;w,f/ ck[mu wuúodkvf pmay;pm,loifwef;Xmeu pmpOfawG xnfhwJh tdwf
BuD;/
rwwfEkdifbl;av/ udk,fa&;xm;wJh pmawGuvnf; trsm;BuD;udk;/ tJ'DtdwfeJYrS qHhrSmrkdYvdkY/
tpwkef;uawmh 'Davmuftrsm;BuD;a&;zdkY &nf½G,fcsuf r½Sdbl;/ okH;rsufESmwnf; a&;xm;wmyg/ tJ'Dpmudk ay;r,f

ay;r,feJY ray;jzpfbl;/ 'DMum;xJrSm olUudk xyfNyD; ajymcsifwmawG ½SdvmwmeJY xyfa&;rdwmyJ/ 'DvkdeJY udk,fhpdwfxJrSm cHpm;&
wmawG a&;vkduf? ray;jzpfvkduf/ xyfNyD; cHpm;vm&vkduf? xyfa&;vkdufeJY aemufqkH;awmh udk,fhpmu pmrsufESm okH;av;
q,favmuf jzpfoGm;w,f/
30 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
'gaMumifh ckvdk pmtdwfBuD;BuD;eJY xnfhay;vkduf&wmygyJ/ cHpm;rSKpmpkawGayghav/
tJ'DpmawGudk olzwfNyD; b,fvdkcHpm;vkduf&ovJawmh rodbl;/ b,fvdkoabm&vJvkdY udk,fu ar;wJYtcg . . .
]]avmavmq,fawmh Zif bmrSrajymwwfao;bl; . . . 'DudpörsKd;u tcsdef,lNyD; pOf;pm;&rSmr[kwfvm; . . . }} vdkY

olu jyefajymw,f/
]]tcsdefu b,favmuf,l&rSmvJ . . . }}
]]'gvnf; b,ftwdtus ajymEkdifrvJ . . . }}
]]udk,fhrSm vufrcHEdkifp&mawGrsm; ½SdaevkdYvm; . . . ½Sd&ifvnf; ajymaygh . . . udk,f jyKjyifEdkifwmudk jyKjyifyghr,f . . .

}}
olu vufrcHEkdifp&m tcsufawG ½Sdw,fvdkYvnf; rajym/ wjcm;pum;udk ajymif;NyD;ajymw,f/
]]oli,fcsif;awGeJYvnf; xyfNyD;wkdifyif&OD;r,f . . . }}
]]oli,fcsif;awG . . . [kwfvm; . . . }}
]]tif;av . . . rsKd;omuDwdkY nDtpfreJY ZifeJYu tjrJwGJaeusyJ . . . olwdkY tBuHÓPfukdvnf; ,l&OD;rSmaygh . . . }}
]]wu,fqkH;jzwf&rSmu ZifZifu qkH;jzwf&rSmyg . . . }}
]]'guawmh [kwfygw,f . . . 'gayr,fY wpfa,mufwnf;&JU tBuHÓPfxuf okH;a,mufaygif; pOf;pm;&if ykdaumif;

wmaygh . . . }}
oli,fcsif;awGudk 'Davmufawmif OD;pm;ay;vGef;wmawmh udk,fodyfoabmrusbl;/ udk,fykdifOD;aESmufr½Sdwm usae

wmyJ/ NyD;awmh udk,fhudk ckvdk oli,fcsif;ESpfa,mufu pdppfOD;r,fqkdwmudkvnf; oabmrusbl;/
odkYayr,fh udk,fhtaeeJY bmrSrajymombl;/ cktcsdefrSm udk,fu b,fykHb,fenf; pOf;pm;ygvdkY tBuHÓPfay;EdkifcGifh

r½Sdbl;av/ ol(olwdkY) b,fvdkqkH;jzwfr,fqkdwmudkom apmifh½kH½Sdwmuvm;/
]]olwkdYuaum bmajymvJ . . . }}
]]pOf;pm;OD;r,fwJh . . . }}
aumif;a&m/ [dkESpfa,mufuawmif pOf;pm;OD;r,fqkdwmyJ ½Sdygao;vm;/ olwkdYu pOf;pm;NyD;awmhrS ZifZifaZmfudk

tBuHÓPfay;? 'DawmhrS ZifZifaZmfu tJ'DtBuHjyKcsuftay:rSm xyfpOf;pm;NyD; qkH;jzwf/ tqifhawGu renf;ygvm;/
]]olwdkYuaum udk,feJYywfoufvkdY xifjrifcsufawG bmawG ay;ao;vm; . . . }} vdkY pum;awmufMunfhvkdufw,f/
'Dae&mrSmawmh olu odyfryg;eyfbl;/ udk,far;wmudk ajzw,f/
]]rsKd;omuDuawmh bmrSodyfrajymygbl; . . . pdk;'gvDuawmh ajymw,f . . . udk0if;udkarmifu toufvnf; BuD;

w,fwJh . . . taMumif;odcsif;xJuvnf; r[kwfbl; . . . ausmif;uvl r[kwfawmh tuJcwf&wm cufw,fwJh . . . }}
]]wu,fvdkY olwkdYu vufrcHeJYvdkY ajym&ifaum ZifZifhtaeeJY b,fvdkqkH;jzwfrvJ . . . }}

31 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
udk,fu tidkufzrf;NyD; ar;w,f/ olu ½kwfw&ufrkdY owdvpfNyD; jyefajzawmhrvkdYyJ/ NyD;rS &,fvkduf&if; . . .
]]tJ'Dar;cGef;udk ajzvdkuf&if tckuwnf;u tajzay;vkdufovkd jzpfoGm;rSmaygh . . . }}
'Davmufqdk udk,fem;vnfoGm;NyD/ tajctaeu rqkd;bl;/ tif;av . . . udk,fu zGifhajymNyD;wJYaemufrSm ypfypfy,f

y,frvkyfbJ ckvdk vufcHpum;ajymwmudku tajctaeaumif;w,fvkdY ,lq&rSmyJaygh/ udk,fhbufu pdwf½Snfvuf½Snf
apmifhzdkYyJ vkdw,f/
'gayghav/
rdef;uav;wpfa,muf&JU tcspfudk &zdkY BuKd;pm;w,fqkdwm[m ukefypönf;wpfck 0,fcGifh&zdkY avQmufvTmwif&ovdkyJ/

b,fawmhrS wpfacgufwnf;eJY udpörNyD;Ekdifbl;av/ ESvkH;om;rSwfykHwif rygwmwdkY? arwåmaumifpDu axmufcHpm vdkaewm
wkdY? ygrpfudk vufrSwfxkd;ay;&r,fh zl;pma&;ewfu tpnf;ta0; oGm;ae&vdkY aemufwpfacguf xyfoGm;&wmwdkY/
udk,fvdkcsifwmudk jrefjref&csif&if vufzuf&nfzdk;av;bmav; ay;&w,f r[kwfvm;/ ckvnf; udk,fu tMuifem

awG? ,k,rIawGay;NyD; vmbfxdk;vkdufawmh . . .
[kwfuJh/
olYtcspf&JU txdrf;trSwfjzpfwJh rSefuav;wpfcsyfudk vuf0,fydkifykdif &½SdcJhygawmhw,f/
(3)
uRefawmfonf rSefwpfcsyfESifh tvkyf½IyfcJhNyD;aemuf tdyfraysmfEdkifao;ojzifh olESifh ywfouforQudk rSwfwrf;wpf

apmif xkdifa&;aecJhonf/ a&;vkdYNyD;oGm;awmh reufig;em&Dyif xkd;vkNyD/
tjyifbufwGif arSmifaeao;aomfvnf; rnf;eufíraeawmh/ ta&mifonf azsmhawmhvmNyD/ rD;cdk;a&mifbufodkY

vkvmNyD/
pdwfu rtdyfcsifao;aomfvnf; vlu tcsdeftawmfMumatmif pmxkdifa&;vkduf&ojzifh anmif;nmyifyef;aeNyD/
tdyf&mxJ 0ifvSJonf/ ½kwfw&uf tdyfraysmfao;/ tdyfrufxJrSm olESifhawGYcsifawGYrnf[k pOf;pm;rdawmhrS tdyfaysmf

oGm;onf/
ESpfESpfNcKdufNcKduf tdyfaysmfoGm;aomaMumifhxifonf/
tdyfruf rrufjzpfvdkufacs/
odef;rif;xGef; vmEId;awmhrSyif Ekd;awmhonf/ csufcsif;awmh tdyf&mu rxao;/ yufvufvSJae&if;uyif . . .
]]rif; b,fwkef;u jyefa&mufvJ . . . }} [k ar;vdkufonf/
]]reufuyJ . . . }}
reufu[k qkdaomaMumifh uRefawmf aMumifoGm;onf/ reufuqkdawmh ckaum b,ftcsdefa&mufaeNyDvJ/
]]aeprf;ygOD;[ . . . ck b,fESpfem&Dxdk;NyDvJ . . . }}
]]wpfem&Dxdk;NyDuG . . . wuwnf;uGm . . . pnf;pdrfuvnf; ,lvkdufwm/ xawmhuGm . . . }}
uRefawmfu rxao;bJ acgif;tkH;atmufudk vufEdIufí rSefuav;udk prf;NyD;,lonf/
olYvufxJ ay;vkdufNyD; . . .
]]tJ'g bmvJ odvm; . . . }}
]]rSefayghuG . . . }}
]]'gawmh [kwfwmaygh . . . bmt"dyÜg,fvJ . . . rif; pOf;pm;prf; . . . }}
olu rSefudk aoaocsmcsmMunfhonf/ ol t"dyÜg,fazmfaeonfudk uRefawmfu auseyfpGmNyKH;&if; Munfhae\/
]]bmrSvJ rxl;ygbl;uGm . . . }}
33 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]rSefay:rSm uwfjym;wpfck uyfxm;w,fav . . . }}
]]b,folYykHvJ . . . }}
]]ighykH . . . }}
]]bmjzpfvkdY ykHudk [dkbufvSnfhuyfxm;wmvJ . . . }}
]]rSefay:rSm igYykH xifaeatmifvkdY . . . }}
]]tJ'g bmt"dyÜg,fvJ . . . }}
]]rif;udk tJ'g pOf;pm;cdkif;wmyJ . . . }}
]]rSefrSm "mwfykHudk ajymif;jyefuyfNyD; acgif;tkH;atmufrSm xm;NyD; tdyfw,f . . . tdyfawmhvnf; aeYv,fwpfem&Dxd

awmif tdyfw,f . . . 'g bmt"dyÜg,fvJqkdawmh ½l;wmjzpf&ifjzpf rjzpf&if aygwmyJ . . . }}
]][m; . . . [m; . . . rif; t"dyÜg,f razmfEdkifwmeJY aygw,fvkdYajymwm r[kwfvm; . . . bmyJjzpfjzpf rif;odcsifae

wmawmh trSefyJ . . . }}
]]uJyguGm . . . odcsifw,fyJ xm;ygawmh . . . jrefjrefajymNyD;&if xawmh . . . xrif;pm;&ifvnf;pm;? rpm;&ifvnf;

vufzuf&nfqkdifoGm;&atmif . . . }}
xdktcgusrS uRefawmfvnf; vSJae&mrS xvdkufonf/
]]'DrSefuav;[m ZifZifaZmfu ighudk ay;vkdufwmuG . . . }}
]]bmvkyfzdkYvJ . . . usD;ajcmufzdkYvm; . . . }}
]]b,fuvm . . . tJ'DrSefuav;[m olYcspfol&JU "mwfykHyJuG . . . rif; oabmaygufvm; . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;u rSefudk axmifMunfhNyD; . . .
]]at; . . . oabmaygufw,f . . . }}
]]tJ'gyJuG . . . }}
]]at;uGm . . . odyfaumif;wJh tkdif'D,m . . . bmwJh . . . 'DrSefuav;[m olYcspfol&JU "mwfykHyJwJh . . . aumif;w,f

. . . odyfaumif;w,f . . . odyfrSefw,f . . . }}
olu acgif;wndwfndwfvkyf&if; NyKH;aeonf/
uRefawmfvnf; taumif;rSwfvdkY Munfhae&mrS wpfck owd&vkdufonf/ 'Daumifu rSefudk axmifMunfhaeawmh rSef

xJrSm 'DaumifhykH ay:aerSmaygh/ rSefrSm uyfxm;aom uRefawmfh"mwfykHu ao;aeojzifh rSefudk vkHatmifzkH;raebl; r[kwfvm;/
uRefawmfu rSefuav;udk qwfueJ qGJ,lvkdufonf/
]]acG;aumif . . . rif;eJY wefvkdYvm; . . . }} [k ajymNyD; acgif;tkH;atmuf jyefxkd;xnfhvkdufonf/

34 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
aemufudk 'DrSefuav; b,folYrS rjyrdatmif owdxm;rS/
odef;rif;xGef;u &,fí ...
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]][m; . . . [m; . . . ajymwwfrS ajymyg[ . . . olcdk;a½T& wjyjyyg . . . }}
]]rif;twGufawmh arsmufrSef& wjyjyqkd&if ykdNyD;rSefr,f . . . uJ . . . ajymprf; . . . rif; tqifajyoGm;NyDaygh . . . }}
ZifZifaZmfESifh awGYcJhykH? rSefuav;udk tcspfoauFwtjzpf ay;vkdufykHwkdYudk tao;pdwf ajymjyvdkufonf/

Ä
a&cJaowåmrS xkwf,lNyD;cgp bD,mbl;rsm;onf a&aiGYwaxmif;axmif;xaeonf/ a&pufawGu bl;rsm;\ywf
vnfwGif wGJvGJcdkaeMu\/
wpfa,mufwpfbl;pD ,lvdkufMuonf/ bl;xdyfu owåKuGif;udk vufypfAkH; peufwHjzKwfovdk qGJjzKwfvkduf\/

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&nfvdk oabmrsKd;yJqkdNyD; wpfcgwpfav aomufjzpfMuonf/
wpfcgwpfavqkd&ifwGif udkaqG oabFmu jyefvmaomtcgrsKd;rSmjzpf\/ uRefawmfwkdYbmomqkdvQif bD,mbl; 0,f

aomufzdkYrvG,f/ tjyifrSm aps;BuD;vSonf/ udkaqG 0,fvmonfhtcgwGifom aomuf&\/
bl;xJrS bD,mrsm;udk zefcGufxJ iSJYxnfhonf/ bD,mzefcGufrsm;jzpfí wpfbl;pm taeawmfyif/ tjr§KyfawGu zefcGuf

EIwfcrf;xdvkeD;yg; wufae\/
rrwl;u qwfom;ajcmufESifY tmvl;ajcmufyef;uefrsm; vmcsay;onf/
]]aumifav;awGaemf . . . wpfa,mufwpfbl;pDyJ aomuf&r,f . . . }} [k ajymonf/
uRefawmfu . . .
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qkdygawmh . . . }}
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udkaqGu . . .
]][m . . . rif;uvJ . . . ESpfbl;qdkrS wpfykvif;pmyJ ½Sdw,f . . . }}
]]tJ'g enf;ovm; . . . }}
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pDaomuf . . . igu okH;bl; . . . }}
35 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]armifaemf . . . uav;awGudk ajr§mufajr§mufray;eJY . . . }}
uRefawmfu . . .
]][m . . . uRefawmfwkdYudkrsm; uav;awGwJh . . . }}
]][JY . . . eifwdkYbmom bGJY&NyD;wmawG bmawG rodbl; . . . igYrsufpdxJrSmawmh eifwkdYu uav;awGyJ 0if;udk . . .

eifhudk igyJ jyKpkapmifha½SmufcJY&wm . . . tpfrBuD;awmh trdt&mwJh . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;u rrwl;udk 0ifzm;onf/
]][kwfw,f rrwl; . . . tpfrBuD;awmh trdt&m? tzBuD;awmh tzdt&mwJh . . . }}
]][m . . . bmqkdifvdkYvJ rif;[mu . . . }}
]]rodbl;av . . . um&efudkufatmif ajymvkdufwmyJ . . . }}
]]rif;uom uav;xifaewm . . . rif;&JU armifu . . . }} [k udkaqGu tajymwGif uRefawmfu qufrajymzdkY rsuf

&dyfjyNyD; wm;vkduf&onf/
rrwl;u bmqufajymrvJ[k em;axmifaeao;onf/
udkaqGu pum;jzwfypfNyD; . . .
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rrwl;u rsufapmif;wpfcsufxkd;NyD; xGufoGm;\/
udkaqGu bD,mcGufudk udkifajr§mufí . . .
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Muonf/ wpfusKdufESpfusKdufpD armhMuonf/
]]'geJY aeprf;ygOD; . . . rif;aumifrav;u toufb,favmuf½SdNyDvJ . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;u ar;ojzifh . . .
]]q,fhudk;ESpf . . . }}
]]i,fao;wmyJ . . . }}
]]q,fhukd;ESpfu i,frvm;uG . . . wuúodkvfrSm 'kwd,ESpfawmif a&mufaeNyDyJ[m . . . aemufNyD; . . . }}
rrwl; c&rf;csOfoD;aqmYpfyef;uefudkifNyD; 0ifvmojzifY qufrajymbJ aevkdufonf/
36 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
rrwl;udk todray;csifao;wmu qlrSmpdk;aomaMumifhr[kwf/ uRefawmfhtouft½G,fESifhqdk&if ckcsdefrS &nf;pm;xm;
jzpfonfudkyif csD;usL;&OD;rnf/ olodoGm;vQif ppfppfaygufaygufawG avQmufar;NyD; pum;aMum½Snfrnfpdk;aomaMumifhjzpf
onf/
aemufrS at;at;aq;aq; ajymjyvkdufawmhrnf/
rrwl;u tcsOfyef;uefudk csNyD;aemuf roGm;ao;bJ a,mifvnfvnfvkyfaeao;onf/
udkaqGu qwfom;ajcmufwpfzwfudk ,l0g;NyD; . . .
]]aumif;vkdufwmuGm . . . ½GaewmyJ . . . }}
]]qDuvnf; Edkifwmudk; tpfudk& . . . }}
xdkYaemuf tpm;taomuftaMumif;awG avQmufajymaeMuonf/
rrwl;vnf; vufavQmYNyD; twGif;cef;xJ jyef0ifoGm;onf/
xdktcgusrS odef;rif;xGef;u . . .
]]igqkdvkdwmu q,fhudk;ESpfqdkwJh touf[m i,fvSw,fvkdYajymwm r[kwfbl; . . . rif;eJY,SOfvkduf&if i,fw,fvkdY

ajymwm . . . }}
]]igu ESpfq,fhav;qkdawmh ig;ESpfavmufi,fwmaygh . . . tJ'g bmjzpfvJ . . . a'G;csKd;av;wkd;qkdwJh pmqkdeJY EdIif;

,SOfMunfh&if BuD;awmifBuD;aeao;w,f . . . }}
]]a'G;csKd;av;wdk; [kwfvm;/ bmvJ}}
]]a'G;csKd;qkdwm udk,fhtoufukd wpf0uf0ufvkduf . . . ightouf&JUwpf0ufqkdawmh q,fhESpfESpf . . . tJ'gudk av;wkd;

qkdwmu av;xyfaygif; . . . 'Dawmh q,fhajcmufESpfayghuGm . . . ck ZifZifaZmfu q,fhudk;ESpfqdkawmh okH;ESpfawmif BuD;ae
ao;w,f . . . bmyJjzpfjzpfav . . . ckvdk toufcsif;uGmaewmudku ykdaumif;w,fvdkY ajymvkdY&w,f . . . }}
]]bmaMumifhvJ . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;u bD,mcGufudk udkif&if; ar;onf/
uRefawmfu bD,mwpfusKduf aomufcsNyD;rS . . .
]]a,mufsm;wpfa,muftzdkY toufav;q,fqdkwm oefwkef;jrefwkef;t½G,f . . . rdef;ruawmh av;q,fqkd&if

usvmNyD . . . wu,fvkdY oufwl½G,fwlcsif; ,lxm;rd&if tJ'DvdktcgrsKd;rSm jyóemwufwmyJ . . . udk,fu EkEkysKdysKdaecsif
wJhpdwfrSm rdef;ru tr,fBuD;ykHzrf;csifaeNyD . . . uJ . . . ighvdk udk,fhxuf ig;ESpfavmufi,fwmudk ,lxm;&if tdkauyJ . . .
udk,fu av;q,frSm olu okH;q,fhig;ESpf . . . tvSaoG;MuG,fwkef;tcsdef . . . b,favmuf vkdufzufnDrvJ . . . }}
udkaqGu 0ifí . . .
]]tcspfeJYywfoufvm&if toufBuD;wmi,fwmu jyóem r[kwfygbl;uGm . . . }} [k ajymonf/
rrwl;u olYxuf toufESpfESpfavmufBuD;ojzifh rvkHrvJjzpfoGm;[efwlonf/

37 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
uRefawmfvnf; olYudk tm;emojzifh qufrajymawmh/ odef;rif;xGef;uom uRefawmfhpum;udk jyefacsonf/
]]toufcsif;uGmwmudk igu tjypfajymwm r[kwfygbl; . . . rif; ckeajymovdk toufBuD;vmwJhtcg tqifajy

w,fqkdwmvnf; [kwfygw,f . . . ig vufcHygw,f . . . BuD;vm&if toufav;ig;ESpfavmufuGmwm bmrS r[kwfawmh
bl;ayghuGm . . . 'gayr,fh toufESpfq,f&JU [dkbufeJY 'Dbufusawmh uGmoGm;jyefa&m/ rif; pOf;pm;Munfh . . . rif;bGJY&wJh
tcsdefrSm olu q,fwef;awmif ratmifao;bl; . . . }}
]]'geJY rqdkifygbl;uG . . . ckqkd olvnf; wuúodkvfa&mufaeNyDyJ . . . }}
]]vlwpfa,mufudk wuúodkvfa&mufwm ra&mufwmudk MunfhNyD; wGufvkdYr&bl;av . . . touft½G,f&,f? aexkdif

vIyf½Sm;wJh b0tajctae&,fudk Munfh&rSmaygh . . . }}
]]olu bmjzpfaevkdYvJ . . . }}
]]olu toufi,fao;w,f . . . aemufNyD; olUtajctaeu rylryif raMumifhrMubJ at;at;oufom ausmif;

wufaeEkdifw,f r[kwfvm; . . . rif;uawmh touft½G,ft& &ifhusufwJhtydkif;xJ 0ifvmNyD . . . 'Dawmh rif;wkdYESpfa,muf
Mum;rSm oabmxm;csif; rwkdufqkdifwmav;awG jzpfvmEdkifw,f . . . }}
]]aeprf;ygOD;uGm . . . rif;u ckrS 'gawG bmaMumifhvmajymae&wmvJ . . . rif; rauseyfbl;qdk&if [dk;wkef;uwnf;

u ajymygvm; . . . }}
]][dk;wkef;uwnf;u igu uefYuGuf&if rif;u aemufqkwfrSmrkdYvdkYvm; . . . }}
]]'guawmh ighoabmeJY igyJuG . . . }}
]]tJ'gajymwmaygh . . . rif;u wpfcgwpfcg wpfZGwfxdk;vkyfwwfw,f . . . NyD;awmh wpfcgwpfav rif;t,ltq

awGu wpfrsKd;BuD;jzpfaewwfw,f . . . tck igajymaewmu rif;eJY oleJYudpöudk uefYuGufwm r[kwfbl; . . . rif;
taMumif;udk odvkdY BuKdwifowday;aewm . . . }}
]]uJ . . . rif;u bmowday;csifovJ . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;u pD;u&ufrD;n§daeojzifY csufcsif;pum;rjyefEkdifao;/ pD;u&ufudk rD;n§d½kHom n§donf/ r½dIufzGmao;

yJ . . .
]]rif;wkdYESpfa,mufjzpfoGm;Muwm ig 0rf;omygw,fuGm . . . rif;eJY oleJY t½Snfojzifh vufwGJoGm;wmudkyJ jrifcsif

w,f . . . 'gaMumifh rif;udk owday;csifwmyg . . . }}
olu uRefawmfhudk tuJcwfonf/ uRefawmf em;axmifaeaMumif; odawmhrS qufajymonf/
]]olu toufi,fao;awmY enf;enf;yg;yg; uav;qefwmrsKd;? rif;pdwfwkdif;ruswmrsKd; awGYcsifawGYr,f . . . tJ'D

tcgrsKd;rSm rif;onf;cHEkdif&r,f . . . ½Sif;½Sif;ajym&&if oleJY qufqHwJhtcgrSm rif;bufu twwfEkdifqkH; avQmYay;&r,f . . .
vlBuD;qef&r,f qkdygawmY . . . }}
uRefawmfu NyKH;vkdufonf/ NyD;awmh ajymonf/
]]rif;u ighudk &ifhusufw,fvkdY ajymw,faemf . . . wjcm;ae&mawGrSmawmh [kwfcsif[kwfr,f . . . tcspfeJY ywfouf

vm&ifawmh tvGefw&mrS tawGYtBuKHEkygao;w,f . . . igeJYol[m toufcsif;uGmayr,fh ESvkH;om;csif;uawmY ½G,fwl
38 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
wef;wlyg . . . wpfpuúefYav;awmifrS ruGmjcm;Muygbl; . . . igwdkYESpfa,muf&JU ESvkH;om;awG pNyD;cspfcJhMuwJhtcsdefrSmyJ
wpfNyKdifeufwnf; arG;zGm;vmcJhMuwmyg . . . &ifcsif;quf t>rmESvkH;om;awGayghuGm . . . }}
bD,mcGufudk EIwfcrf;awhxm;aom udkaqGonf NyKH;a,mifa,mifjzpfoGm;\/
]]rif;ajymwm [kwfw,f oli,fcsif; . . . }} [k odef;rif;xGef;u ajymNyD; vufurf;ay;onf/
uRefawmfu olUvufudk qkyfudkifNyD; vIyf,rf;vkduf\/ xdkYaemuf vufusefbD,mcGufrsm;udk udkifNyD; NyKdifwlarmhcs

vkdufMuonf/ udkaqGuawmh bD,m aemufwpfbl;udk vufvSrf;vkdufav\/
Ä
rif; oleJY qufqHwJhtcg pdwf½Snf&r,f? onf;cHcGifhvTwfEdkif&r,f[k odef;rif;xGef;uajymcJhonf/ uRefawmfuvnf;
'gawG igem;vnfygw,f[k jyefajymcJh\/
aemufwpfaeYrSmyif olESifh ywfoufí pdwfr½SnfEdkifp&mtaMumif;ESifh BuKH&avawmYonf/
ZifZifaZmfESifh uRefawmfwdkY\ w&m;0if cspfoloufwrf;rSm okH;&ufcefYom ½Sdao;onf/ olUxHrS tajz&NyD; Mum;xJrSm

ausmif;ydwf&ufwpf&uf cHoGm;ojzifh 'DaeYrS jyefawGY&rnf/
Mum;rSm wpf&ufrawGUvkduf&jcif;rSm awmfawmftae&cufvSonf/ Oyrmjy&vQif udk,ftvGefvdkcsifaeaom ypönf;

wpfck oGm;0,f&mwGif qkdifydwfoGm;ojzifh r0,fcJh&ovdkrsKd;yif/
aemufwpfaeYrSm usdef;ao&rnfudk odaeaomfvnf; wpf&ufapmifhvkduf&onfudk raewwf rxkdifwwf jzpfaeonfh

oabm/
raeYuqkdvQif odef;rif;xGef;wkdYqkdifrSm wpfaeYvkH; oGm;xkdifNyD; ZifZifaZmfhtaMumif;awGcsnf; ajymaerdonf/
]]'DtaMumif;awG rif; t&ifuwnf;u igYudk ajymjyNyD;om;yg . . . cPcP xyfajymaeawmY em;NiD;vmNyD . . . rif;

ajymwm em;axmif&wm MunfhNyD;om; Zmwfum;udk jyefMunfh&ovdkyJ b,fae&mrSm bmjzpfr,fqkdwm odNyD;aeNyD . . . pdwf
r0ifpm;awmhbl; . . . }} [k qkdonf/
uRefawmfu . . .
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reuftapmBuD;uwnf;u ZifZifaZmfwdkYvrf;xdyfu vufzuf&nfqkdifrSm xdkifapmifhaeonf/
uRefawmfonf qkdif½Sifvifr,m;ESifY tawmf&if;ESD;aeNyD/ ZifZifaZmfwdkY\ rdom;pktaMumif;udk olwkdYxHrS tawmfrsm;

rsm; odcJh&jcif;jzpfonf/ olwkdYudkvnf; uRefawmfESifh ZifZifaZmfwkdYtaMumif; ajymjyxm;\/
]]rif;vmwm enf;enf;apmaeao;w,fuG . . . olu 'Dtcsdef xGufrvmwwfao;bl; . . . }} [k qdkif½Sif udkrsKd;jrifhu

ajymonf/
olUrdef;r rxm;uvnf; . . .
39 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]][kwfw,f . . . ausmif;um;awmif rvmao;bl; . . . }}
]][if . . . olu ck ausmif;um;eJY oGm;aeNyDvm; . . . }}
]][kwfygbl; . . . ausmif;um;qdkwmu uav;awG BuKdwJhum;udk ajymwmyg . . . olu ausmif;um; oGm;NyD;csdef

avmufrS xGufxGufvmwwfwm owdxm;rdvkdY . . . }}
olwdkYqkdifrSm em&D0ufavmuf xkdifapmifhae&onf/
vufzuf&nfaomufOD;rvm;[k ar;aomfvnf; raomufawmhbl;[k jyefajymvdkufonf/ ZifZifaZmfESifhtwl ausmif;

a&mufvQif pm;aomufqkdifxkdifrnf[k pdwful;aomaMumifhjzpf\/
rxm;ajymonfhtwkdif;yif uav;awG ausmif;BuKdum;vmNyD;rS olxGufvmcJhonf/
olwkdYvrf;xJrSmjzpfí olESifhuRefawmf tquftoG,fr½Sdovdk aeoifhonf xifaomaMumifh rvSrf;rurf;rS vkdufvm

cJhonf/
um;rSwfwdkifa&mufawmhvnf; wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf rodrom NyKH;jyEIwfquf½kHomjyKí cyfcGmcGmaevkdufMu\/
av;q,fhckepf tjrefum;wpfpD; qkdufvmonf/ tqifoifhpGmyif vlESpfa,mufqif;ojzifh tv,fckHESpfae&m vGwf

oGm;\/ olt&ifwufonf/ aemufu uRefawmf vkdufwufrnftjyKwGif rdef;rBuD;wpfa,mufu uRefawmfhudk wGef;z,fNyD;
wufxkdifvdkuf\/ xdkifckHjynfhoGm;NyD/ wG,fvdkuf&ayawmhrnf/ oHwef;udk tudkifwGif . . .
]]oHa,mZOfjzwfrSjzpfr,f . . . }}
py,f,mu ajymonf/
uRefawmfu . . .
]][m . . . &ygw,f . . . }}
]]xGufvkdYr&bl;As . . vSnfhuif;½Sdw,f . . . eif;xm; q&ma& . . . }}
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wkdif xdkifckHtjynfhygvmvQif vkdufvdkY&rnfr[kwf/
av;oD;oefYum;wpfpD; 0if&yfonf/ vlusyfaomfvnf; wufvkdY&ao;onf/ uRefawmf BuH&mr&bJ a,mifaMumifí

wufvkdufrdonf/ NyD;rS owd&\/ 'Dum;u olwdkYausmif;buf ra&muf/ pdefaygrSwfwdkifrSmqif;NyD; um;wpfqifh xyfpD;&OD;
rnf/
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aeNyDjzpfí qif;rnfholr½Sdrcsif; vSpfueJ vSpfueJaeatmif ajy;aernf rkcstrSefyif/
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\/ vufu tvdkvdkwm;NyD;om; jzpfaeonf/ um;&yf\/ ]]Adkvfwaxmifaumvdyf}}[k ajymvdkufonf/
40 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
um;q&mu Za0Z0g jzpfaeonf/
]]Adkvfwaxmifbk&m;em;Asm . . . }}
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aps;qpfraeawmYbJ a½SUcef;rSm 0ifxkdif&if; jrefjrefarmif;yg[k ajym&onf/
um;pxGufuwnf;u uRefawmfrSm;NyDjzpfaMumif;udk odvkdufonf/ okH;bD;um;u vlESpfa,mufwnf;udkyif w*D;*D;

½kef;uefo,faqmifae&onf/ 'DMum;xJ um;ESifhtNyKdif pkwfcsmtkdrif;aeaom um;q&mBuD;u pum;wajymajymESifh cyfat;
at; armif;aevkdufao;onf/
"mwfqDtcuftcJaMumifh um;qGJ&wm [efrusonfhtaMumif;? um;ykdif½Sifu oabmaumif;í awmfao;aMumif;?

raeYnu tjrefum;ESpfpif; acgif;csif;qkdifwkdufí vlokH;a,muf aooGm;onfhtaMumif;/
]]jrefjrefarmif;ygAs . . . }}
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]]tr,f . . . 'gawmif 'Dum;udk ig;aomif;ESpfaxmifeJY vm0,faewmuG . . . od&JUvm; . . . }}
]]uRefawmfqkd&if ig;q,fawmif ray;bl; . . . }}
olu pdwfrqkd;bJ w[m;[m;&,fí . . .
]]OD;av; jzwfvrf;u armif;ay;yghr,fuGm . . . }} [k ajymojzifh uRefawmf tm;wufoGm;rdjyefonf/
vdkif;um;rsm;oGm;onfh vrf;½dk;twkdif;roGm;bJ [dkvrf;jzwf 'Dvrf;ausmfESifh vmcJhNyD;uefawmfBuD;apmif;bufrSqif;

í odrfjzLvrf;ay: jyefa&mufvmonf/
av;q,fhckepfum;wpfpD; aemufrS vdkufvmonfudk awGU&\/ uRefawmfwkdYu jzwfvrf;rSvmojzifh olpD;oGm;aom

um;\ a½SUu BuKda&mufaewmvm;[k arQmfvifhcsufuav; 0ifvm\/
xdkum;u ausmfwuf\/ aemufbufrS ygvmaomvlrsm;xJrSm ½SmMunfhonf/ olryg/ olpD;vmaomum; r[kwf/

uRefawmfwkdYum;udk ausmfwufNyD; tjywftowf csefxm;&pfcJhonf/ vlu tacsmifBuD;/
uRefawmfonf ig;rl;ESifhNyD;&rnfhudpöudk aiGwpfq,f tv[ó ukefvkduf&avNyD/ olUudkrDzdkY rarQmfvifhawmh/ pdwf

wkH;wkH;csí a&mufcsifwJhtcsdef a&mufyavhap[k oabmxm;vkduf&awmh\/
um;q&mBuD;uawmY . . .
]]vrf;aumif;oGm;awmhvnf; um;av;u qGJom;aemf . . . }} qkdNyD; avuav;wcRefcRef vkyfaeao;onf/
urf;em;vrf;ay:ta&mufwGif wpfckoGm;owd&\/ olonf um;ay:u qif;NyD; uRefawmfhudk rSwfwdkifrSm apmifhcsif

apmifhaevdrfhrnf/ odkY&mwGif rSwfwkdifrSm olr½Sd/ apmifhaeoifhw,f[k xyfawG;vkdufrdjyefonf/ wpfqufwnf;rSmyif olapmifh
awmh apmifhrSmygav/ odyfMumaevdkY vdkufrvmEdkifbl;xifNyD; ausmif;oGm;wufwm jzpfrSmyg[k cGifhvTwfvdkuf&jyef\/
um;udk ausmif;a½SUarmif;ckdif;onf/ um;ay:u qif;NyD; ausmif;xJ0ifcJhonf/ olwdkYtwef;½Sd&modkYoGm;onf/

41 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
olYudk pmoifcef;xJrSm awGY&onf/ twef; rNyD;ao;/ olu uRefawmfhudk rjrifacs/ q&mpmoifaeonfudkom
ai;pdkufMunfhaeonf/
olYab;rSmxkdifaom rsKd;omuDEG,fu vufukwfNyD;jyrS ol uRefawmfhudk Munfhonf/ NyKH;íEIwfqufNyD; q&mhbuf jyef

vSnfhoGm;\/ q&mhtvpfwGif wpfcsufwpfcsuf ckd;Munfhonf/
twef;vTwfonf/ ausmif;olausmif;om;tcsKdU tjyifxGufMuonf/ trsm;pkuawmh qufxdkifaeonf/ aemufxyf

twef;csdefawG ½Sdao;onf xif\/
olvnf; vG,ftdwfxJudk pmtkyfawGxnfhNyD; x&yfrnfjyK\/ rsKd;omuDEG,fu vG,ftdwfudkzrf;qGJNyD; wpfpkHwpfck

ajymonf/ ol uRefawmfhudk vSrf;Munfhí NyKH;NyD; vufumjyonf/ jyefxdkif\/
q&mr twef;xJ 0ifvmonf/ 'Dtcsdefvnf; olqufwufrnfrSm aocsmoGm;onf/ q&mru uRefawmfhudk wpfcsuf

vSrf;Munfh\/ twef;xJ 0ifrxdkifbJ vpfajy;rnfh ausmif;om;wpfa,muf[k xifoGm;avovm; rod/ odkYr[kwfvQifvnf;
ckvdk twef;ab;rSm vm&yfaewm rBuKdufjcif;vnf; jzpfcsifjzpfrnf/
wjcm;ausmif;olawGuvnf; uRefawmfhudk uGufMunfhuGufMunfhvkyfaeMu\/
uRefawmfvnf; 'Dtwkdif; &yfae&wm aMumifawmifawmifjzpfvmonf/ taMumifoufomatmif aq;vdyfaomufae

rnf[k vkyfaomfvnf; aq;vdyf ygrvmcJhay/
xdkYaMumifh olwpfcsufvSrf;tMunfhwGif atmufxyfudk vufn§Kd;xdk;jyNyD; qif;vmcJhonf/
uRefawmfonf ausmif;xJrSm cyfaMumifaMumif rjzpf&avatmif vG,ftdwf vG,fvmcJhonf/ uRefawmfhykHpHu q,f

wef;udk okH;av;ESpf ajzNyD;rS atmifvmcJhaom ausmif;om;BuD;vdkjzpfaernf xifonf/ odkYayr,fh 'Du ausmif;om;awGMum;
rSm xif;xif;BuD; uGJjym;aewmrsKd;awmh r[kwf/
wpfck½Sdwmu uRefawmfwkdYwkef;uESifh ckausmif;om;awG ausmif;wufykH rwljcif;yifjzpfonf/
uRefawmfwdkYwufcJh&aom 0dZÆmodyÜHwuúodkvfrSmu ausmif;csdeftwGif; twef;xJrSma&m tjyifrSmyg ausmif;om;

ausmif;olawG ½Sdaewwfonf/ bmom&yfawGursm;? twef;cGJawGursm;? ausmif;om;awGu rsm;ojzifh ausmif;csdefrSm
twef;jyifa&mufaeaom ausmif;om;wpfa,mufonf bmrQ xl;jcm;rIr½Sd/
'DrSmusawmh ausmif;y&d0kPfu usOf;onf/ NyD;awmh twef;wufcsdefqkdvQif ausmif;om;ausmif;oltm;vkH;vkdvkd

twef;awGxJ a&mufaewwfonf/ xdktcsdefrsKd; 0&efwmpBuørSm &yfaevQif xD;wnf;BuD;jzpfaevdrfhrnf/
odkYjzpfí pm;aomufqkdifwef;rSm oGm;xkdifNyD; vufzuf&nfaomuf? aq;vdyfzGm&if;apmifhaeonf/ twef;csdefNyD;

avmufawmhrS tay:xyfjyefwufcJhonf/
avSum;tauGYrSm olwdkYESifh qkHonf/ rSef\/ olwpfa,mufwnf;r[kwf/ rsKd;omuDEG,fwkdYnDtpfryg ygvmonf/
]]b,foGm;MurvkdYvJ . . . }} [k ar;vkduf&onf/
]]uifwif;oGm;rvkdYav . . . vdkufcJhyg . . . }}
ZifZifaZmfu jyefajymonf/
42 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
rwwfomojzifh uRefawmf vdkufoGm;&\/ pdwfxJuawmh odyfrauseyf/ uRefawmfvmwmu olESifh ESpfa,mufwnf;
awGY&ef/ ckawmh olYoli,fcsif;awGyg xyfygvmonf/
wu,fqkdvQif ckvkdaeYrsKd;rSm ESpfa,mufwnf;om awGYcGifhay;zdkYaumif;onf/ olUoli,fcsif;awGuvnf; em;vnfrI½Sd

oifhonf/ ckrSawmh bmrQrwwfEdkifacs/
pm;aomufqkdifrSm xkdifMuonf/ pm;p&m aomufp&mrsm; rSmMuonf/ uRefawmfvnf; 'Dtwkdif;xkdifaevQif aMumif

wufwufjzpfaernfpdk;í 'kwd,rÜd vufzuf&nfwpfcGufudk rSmaomufvkduf&jyefonf/
odkYwkdifatmif aMumifwmuawmh aMumifwmygyJ/ taMumif;rSm uRefawmfhudk a½SUxm;NyD; olwkdYokH;a,muf pum;awG

azmifavmufatmif ajymMuonf/ xkH;pHtwkdif; ZifZifaZmfu odyfajym&jcif;r[kwf/ [dktmus,fnDtpfru pufaoewfvdk
tqufrjywf ajymMujcif;jzpfonf/ ZifZifaZmfu olwdkYajymwmudk acgif;ndwfvkduf? wpfcGef;wpfav 0ifaxmufvdkufvkyfae
&ojzifh uRefawmfhbuf rvSnfhtm;acs/
uRefawmfuawmh rauseyfEdkifaomfvnf; bmrQrwwfEkdifaomaMumifh ikwfwkwf0ifxkdifae&onf/ pdwf½Snf&rnf?

onf;cH&rnf[k odef;rif;xGef;u rSmxm;onf r[kwfvm;/
Mumawmh olwkdYpum;0dkif;udk vspfvsL½INyD; eH&Hay:u jyu©'defrsm;? tvS&dkufykHrsm;udk Munfhaevdkuf&awmhonf/ xdkyHk

rsm;xJu vlrsm;ESifh uRefawmfonf bmrQrxl;/
pm;aomufNyD;Muawmh a,mufsm;av;jzpfaom uRefawmfuyif aiG½Sif;vkduf&onf/ q,fhig;usyfeD;yg;/ 'DaeYtzdkY

aiGom tawmfrsm;rsm;ukefNyD; bmrQtusKd;r½SdcJhacs/
twef;½Sd&modkY jyefwufcgeD; xdkESpfa,muf tcsOfxkyf0,faeaomtcsdefusrSyif wufokwf½dkufí pum;tenf;i,f

ajymMu&onf/
]]reufu tdrfem;rSm bmjzpfvkdY vmapmifhae&wmvJ . . . }}
olu ar;onf/
]]awGYcsifvkdYaygh . . . }}
uRefawmfu ajzonf/
]]ausmif;rSmvmawGYvnf; &om;yJ . . . }}
]]ckvdk awGY&wmrsKd;uawmh . . . }}
uRefawmf pum;rqufjzpfvkduf/ rsKd;omuDEG,fwkdY tcsOfxkyf0,fNyD;oGm;ojzifh uRefawmfwkdYqDavQmufvmaeMuaom

aMumifh jzpfonf/ ta&;BuD;aom pum;udkom tjrefajym&\/
]]ausmif;qif;&if apmifhae&rvm; . . . }}
]]rapmifheJY . . . olwdkY tdrfudk vkdufvnfMurvdkYwJh . . . }}
]]'gqdk eufjzefaum . . . }}
]]tdrfem;awmh vmrapmifheJY . . . ausmif;rSwfwkdifuyJ apmifh . . . enf;enf;apmvmcJhr,f . . . }}

43 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]b,fESpfem&DvJ . . . }}
]]ckepfem&D . . . }}
tmus,fnDtpfrESifh rawmfwq rqkHrdatmif wjcm;rSwfwkdifwpfckcku apmifhzdkYajymrnfBuHonf/ rajymjzpf/ [dkESpf

a,muf tem;a&mufvmaomaMumifh jzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh . . .
]]uJ . . . oGm;OD;r,f . . . tm;vkH;yJ . . . }} [k EIwfqufNyD; xGufvmonf/
uRefawmfwkdYESpfa,muf\ cspfolb0 yxrqkH;awGYqkHcef;onf rpGHvSacs/ pdwf0ifpm;zG,fraumif;/

Ä
(4)
]]apmifhaewmMumNyDvm; . . . }}[k olu ar;onf/
uRefawmfu . . .
]]ajcmufem&DcGJavmufuyJ . . . }}
]]][if . . . tMumBuD;apmifhae&wmaygh . . . ckepfem&DrS vmr,fvdkY ajymxm;om;eJY . . . }}
]]a,mufsm;av;qkdwm BuKdwifNyD; a&mufae&w,fav . . . }}
]]aMomf . . . ckvdk BuKdwifNyD; vm&w,fqkdwm odaew,fqkdawmh t&ifuvnf; apmifhzl;vdkYaygh [kwfvm; . . . }}
]]apmifhzl;wmaygh . . . }}
]]b,fESpfa,mufvJ . . . }}
]]wpfa,mufwnf;yg . . . }}
]]ajym . . . b,folvJ . . . ajym . . . }}
]]ZifZifav . . . [dkt&ifuwnf;u ZifZifhudk vmvmapmifhae&wmyJ[m . . . }}
]]vkyfraeeJY . . . t&ifu olUrSm ½SdcJhzl;w,f r[kwfvm; . . . }}
]]½Sdwmaygh . . . [dkb0uav . . . tif; . . . [dkb0u qkdwmawmifrS tJ'Dol[m ZifZifyJ jzpfrSmyg . . . [dkb0wkef;

u bk&m;rSm qkawmif;cJhMuvdkY 'Db0rSm a&pufvmqkHwmaygh . . . }}
olu auseyfpGmNyKH;onf/ uRefawmfhudk,fuRefawmfvnf; tHhMo&onf/ 'DaeY olESifhawGYvQif raeYuudpöudk ajymrnf/
cspfolcsif; at;at;aq;aq; pum;rajym&bJ oli,fcsif;awGu uefYvefYygvmwmudk rauseyfaMumif; ajymrnf[k

pOf;pm;xm;\/ olESifh qkHqkHcsif; rsufESmxm;udk cyfwnfwnfaernf/ olu . . . ]]bmjzpfvdkYvJ . . . Zifhudk rauseyfwmrsm;
½Sdvm; . . . }} [k ar;awmhrS zGifhajymrnf[k pdwful;vmcJh\/
wu,fwrf;usawmh 'Dvdkr[kwfNyD/ olum;ay:u qif;vmonfudk jrifvQifjrifcsif;rSmyif ESKwfcrf;rsm;udk rxdef;csKyf

EkdifyJ NyKH;jyrdonf/ NyD;awmh olauseyfaysmf½Tifaprnfh pum;rsKd;awG ajymrdjyef\/
oluom raeYu taMumif;udk tpazmfonf/
]]raeYu odyftm;emzdkYaumif;wmyJ . . . }}
45 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]b,folYudkvJ . . . }}
]]olYudkaygh . . . }}
]]bmjzpfvkdYvJ . . . ajymygOD; . . . }}
]]uifwif;udk rsKd;omuDwkdY vdkufvmw,f r[kwfvm; . . . oleJY at;at;aq;aq; pum;rajym&bl;aygh . . . olwkdYu

oufoufrJh vkdufaemufwm odvm; . . . Zifu atmufcPqif;OD;r,fvkdY ajymawmY olwdkYu ododBuD;eJY b,foGm;rSmvJwJh
. . . tat;oGm;aomufrvkdYyg qdkawmY olwdkYvnf;vkdufr,f qkdNyD; twif;vkdufwmyJ . . . tJ'gaMumifh 'DaeY apmapmvmcJYzdkY
rSmwm . . . awmfMum olwdkYeJY wkd;aerSmpdk;vdkY . . . }}
ol\ ½Sif;vif;csufudk uRefawmf vufcHonf/ raeYu jzpfcJYaom rauseyfcsufrsm;onf b,fqDodkY a&muf½SdoGm;NyD

vJ rod/ olUtay: vkH;0ausvnfoGm;NyD/
uRefawmfwdkYESpfa,mufonf um;rSwfwdkifrSm &yfNyD; pum;ajymaeMujcif; jzpfonf/
enf;enf;awmif tcsdefvifhoGm;NyD/ 'Dae&mu tEÅh&m,fruif;/ [dktmus,frav;awGESifh pufuGif;rvGwfEdkif/ rawmf

wq ½kwfw&uf olwkdYa&mufvmNyD; raeYuvdk wwef;wef;vkdufaevQif cufrnf/ 'Dae&mu tjrefqkH; a½TUrS/
]]vufzuf&nfqkdifoGm;&atmif . . . }} [k uRefawmfu ajymvkdufonf/
ol enf;enf;NyKH;\/ NyD;awmhrS . . . ]]oGm;av . . . }} [k jyefajymonf/
[dkt&if olUudk uRefawmf pmay;jzpfcJhaom vufzuf&nfqkdifudkyif oGm;Muonf/ uHtm;avsmfpGm qkdifrSm vlenf;

enf;½Sif;onf/ aemufqkH;u pm;yGJvnf; vGwfaeojzifh 0ifxdkifMuonf/
uRefawmfhtwGufu vufzuf&nf? olYtwGufu aumfzDrSmonf/
]]rkefYpm;av . . . rqmbl;vm; . . . }}
]]tdrfrSmawmh pm;vmw,f . . . aygifrkefYaxmywfokwf . . . }}
]]wpfckckawmh xyfpm;ygOD; . . . 'Davmufqkd tpmaMuoGm;avmufygNyD . . . }}
]]ckcsdefrSmawmh apwem ½Sdaeao;wmayghav . . . }}
]]aemufawmh bmjzpfvJ . . . }}
]]aemufusawmh pm;vGef;vkdY ydkufqHukefw,f bmw,f rvkyfeJYaemf . . . }}
]]udk,fhapwemu wpfoufvkH; wpfjym;rS ravsmhap&bl; . . . }}
]]pm;csifwmpm; . . . auR;rSmyJaygh . . . }}
]]tif;aygh . . . auR;rSmyJ . . . }}
olu &,fí . . .
46 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]Zif pm;csifwkdif; oluauR; . . . Zifuvnf; eif;uefpm;&if rraomfvdk ykHrsKd;BuD; jzpfvm&ifaum . . . }}
rraomfqkdonfrSm olUtpfr oifoifaomfjzpfonf/ uRefawmfESifY rqkHzl;ao;aomfvnf; uRefawmfuawmh olUudk jrif

zl;aeonf/ ZifZifaZmfudk jrif&rvm;[k olwdkYtdrfa½SUu jzwftavQmufwGif ½kH;oGm;&ef xGufvmaom oifoifaomfudk jrif&
jcif;yif/ uRefawmfwdkYt½G,favmufyif½Sdrnf/ enf;enf;0NyD; ykHysufcgp jzpfae\/
ZifZifaZmfonfvnf; uav;wpfa,mufavmuf arG;NyD;vQif olUvkdyJ 0wkwfBuD;jzpfrSmavvm;[k pdk;&drfvdkuf&aomf

vnf; olUykHpHum; aemufq,fhig;ESpfavmufMumonftxd xl;xl;jcm;jcm; ykHysufoGm;vdrfhrnfr[kwf[k ,lqzG,f½Sdyg\/
]]uJygav . . . rkefYuav;wpfckavmuf pm;zdkYta&; 'Davmufawmif ajymae&wm raumif;ygbl; . . . pm;yg . . . }}
uRefawmfu rkefYyef;uefxJrS tDuvJ,m;wpfck,lí olYudk vSrf;ay;&if; . . .
]]'DrkefYwpfckavmufeJYawmh csufcsif;BuD; 0vmrSm r[kwfao;ygbl; . . . }}
olonf rkefYudk,lí wpfudkufudkufonf/ NyD;awmh ar;onf/
]]'DrkefYudk ay;wmu wrifa½G;ay;wmvm; . . . tqifoifhwmwpfckudk ,lay;vkdufwmvm; . . . }}
]]bmjzpfvdkY ar;wmvJ . . . }}
]]tDuvJ,m;u Zif odyfBuKdufwJhrkefYrkdYvdkYaygh . . . }}
]]wrifa½G;ay;wm&,fvkdYawmh r[kwfygbl; . . . 'gayr,fh ZifZif BuKdufr,fxifvkdY . . . }}
olbmBuKdufwwfonfudk uRefawmfu BuKdwifcefYrSef;wwfonf[k auseyfoGm;rnf trSef/
]]oluaum rBuKdufbl;vm; . . . }}
olu ar;ojzifh . . .
]][m . . . BuKdufwmaygh . . . }} qkdNyD; tDuvJ,m;wpfckudk ,lpm;vkduf&onf/
trSefuawmh [dkbufyef;uefxJu aygufpDylylaEG;aEG;udk tkyfrvkdY BuHpnfaewm/
oluaum 'DrkefYudk wu,frBuKdufbJESifh uRefawmf ,lay;wmrkdYvdkY BuKdufvScsnf&JU[k nmajymwmvm; awG;rdao;

onf/ olUudk Munfhaomtcg rkefYudk wu,fyif ESpfESpfNcKdufNcKdufpm;aeonfudk awGY&\/
rkefYwpfck ukefaomtcg . . .
]]wpfckavmuf xyf,lygOD;vm; . . . }}
ol acgif;cgonf/
]]awmfygNyD . . . 'Davmuf tpm;rykwfao;ygbl;aemf . . . }}
xdkYaemuf ol aumfzDaomuf\/ xdktcsdefwGif olUudkaphaphpyfpyf MunfhcGifh&onf/
47 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
olUtom;rSm ½kwfw&ufMunfhvkdufvQif odyfrjzLbl;[k xif&oa,mif½Sdonf/ ck aoaocsmcsmMunfhawmhrS nKdwm
vnf;r[kwf? jzLwmvnf;r[kwf/ 0gnufaejcif;jzpfaMumif; awGY&onf/
olUyg;jyifuav;onf ESif;oD;rsufESmjyifvkd wif;wif;rGwfrGwfuav;jzpfonf/ aoG;aMumuav;awG ,Sufoef;ae

onfudk awGY&\/ EIwfcrf;udk &Jaeatmif qkd;xm;ojzifh aq;qkd;xm;aom opömyef;zl;uav;ESihf wlaeonf/ rsufawmif
cwfvdkufvQif olUrsufvkH;awGu "mwfykHuifr&mrS vQyfwpfjyufrD;vdk wzsyfzsyf/ vnfwkdifum; ausmh½Sif;Munfvifaeojzifh
aumfzDaomufvQif jrif&ravmufyif/
½kH;ywDoD;udk t*Fvdyfvdk ]]av'Dpfzif;*g;}} [k ac:onf/ wkduf½dkufteufum; ]]tysKdUvufacsmif;uav;}} [l\/ olU

vufacsmif;uav;rsm;u ½kH;ywDoD;EkEkuav;xdyfrSm csOfaygifzl;yGifhzwfuav;awG uyfxm;onfESifh wl\/ vufq,facsmif;
pvkH;rSm vufonf;½Snfxm;í &J&JeDatmif aq;qkd;xm;wmudkav/
xdktvStyawGtm;vkH;udk NcKHí t"du yHhykd;ay;xm;aomt&mwpfck ½Sdonf/
xdkt&mum; i,f*kPfjzpfonf/
]]bmMunfhwmvJ . . . }}
olu ar;onf/
]]vSvkdY Munfhwmaygh . . . }}
]]rMunfheJY . . . }}
]]rMunfhapcsif&if rvSeJYaygh . . . }}
olu vdar®mfa&mif vufudkify0guav;udk xdyfESpfzufrS vufn§Kd;vufrjzifh n§yfudkifNyD; olUrsufESma½SUrSm umvdkuf

onf/
uRefawmfonf pydefEGm;½dkif;owfyGJrsm;wGif EGm;½dkif;udk pdwfxvmatmif y0gteDpjzifh jyíjyí qGay;&onfh jrifuGif;

udk jrifa,mifvmrdav\/
Ä
(5)
udkaqGonf rD;zdkacsmifxJrSm acR;wvkH;vkH;jzifh tvkyfrsm;aeonf/ 'DaeY trJausmufuyf&ojzifh oludk,fwkdif pdwf

BuKdufcsufaejcif;jzpfonf/
[dkwpfaeYu pum;BuKHojzifh . . .
]]udkaqGYvuf&m rpm;&wm MumNyD . . . oabFmjyefrxGufcif wpf&ufavmuf csufauR;prf;ygOD; . . . }} [k uRef
awmfu ajymojzifh csufauR;jcif;vnf;jzpfonf/
rrwl;uawmh MuufoGefETmay;jcif;? i½kwfoD;axmif;ay;jcif;wkdYavmufom 0ifulnDae\/
rrwl;onf [if;csufnHhvSonfawmh r[kwf/ xdkYtwl aumif;onf[kvnf; rqkdom/ zG,fzG,f&m&mjzpfatmifawmh
pDrH½Smygonf/ odkY&mwGif tpyft[yf rwnfhbJ jzpfaewwfonf/ wpfcgwpfav tqDtqdrfhawGcsnf; jzpfaeNyD; wpfcgwpf
av tcsOf[if;awGcsnf; jzpfaewwfwmrsKd;/
udkaqGuawmh e*dkuwnf;uvnf; tcsuftjyKwf 0goemygonf/ ausmif;om;b0uvnf; tjyifaqmifrSmaeNyD;
udk,fhbmom csufpm;aecJhojzifh aumif;aumif;csufwwfae\/ xdkYaMumifh oltm;vyfonfhtcg olYbmom pdwfBuKdufcsuf
pm;avh½Sdonf/
trSeftwkdif;ajym&vQif uRefawmfonf rrwl; csufwmxuf udkaqG csufwmudk ydkBuKdufonf/
olu [if;csufvQif ylylpyfpyfarT;arT;/
uRefawmfuawmh bmrScsufwwfonfr[kwf/ rD;zdkcef;xJrSm qDykvif; ,lay;vkduf? MuufoGefawmif;,lay;vkdufESifh
awmufwdkr,f&av;awG [dka,mifa,mif onfa,mifa,mif avQmufvkyfae&\/
]]twl;&,f . . . aoaocsmcsm ajymxm;&ufom;eJY . . . taphnuf½kHqdk awmfygNyDvdkY . . . }}
udkaqG toHxGufvmonf/
rrwl;u i½kwfoD;axmif;&mrS . . .
]]i½kwfoD;axmif;wmyJ[m . . . taphowfowf tcGHowfowfcGJNyD; axmif;vkdY&wmrS r[kwfyJ . . . tm;vkH;a&m
axmif;&wm . . . }}
]]'D[if;rsKd;csufwJhtcg i½kwfoD;u ig;ydvdk nufoGm;&if b,farT;awmYrvJ . . . taphnufNyD; tcGHuav;awG zdk;vdk;
zwfvwfusefrS arT;wm . . . }}
]]armif[m awmfawmfBuD;us,fw,f . . . wpfcgwpfav 0ifcsufNyD;awmhrsm; q&mu vkyfcsifao;w,f . . . }}
]]q&mvkyfwm r[kwfbl;uG . . . i½kwfoD;axmif;wmyJqkdNyD; ayghayghav; rrSwfeJY . . . vufqu vkdao;w,f . . .
'gaMumifh [dka½S;wkef;u tdrfaxmifbuf a½G;wJhtcg owdkYorD;avmif;u rdef;r yDo&JUvm;qkdwm i½kwfoD;axmif;jy&w,fvdkY
tqdk½SdaywmyJ . . . }}
49 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]tr,f . . . ckrS 'Dpum; vmajymaew,f . . . r,lcifwkef;uawmY twl; bmrSvkyfp&m rvdkbl; . . .

wpfoufvkH; armif csufauR;yghr,fqkd . . . ½Sifhvdk ajymaMu;qkd&if awmifay:wkdif;&if;om;awGvdk owkdYom;avmif;u usm;
b,fESpfaumif&atmif trJvkdufEkdifovJvkdY prf;Munfhvkdufcsifw,f . . . ½Sifu usm;rajymeJY? MuGufawmif rdatmifzrf;EdkifrSm
r[kwfbl; . . . }}
]]MuGufzrf;&atmif igu aMumifrS r[kwfbJuG . . . }}
olwdkYESpfa,muf 'DvdkyJ/ wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf pum;Edkifvk&if;u x&efjzpfcsifjzpfwwfonf/ awmfawmfMum
awmhvnf; ]]twl;a& . . . armifa& . . . }} jyefjzpfoGm;wwfMu\/
uRefawmfhtzdkYawmh ½dk;aeNyD/ xkdYaMumifh olwdkYESpfa,mufudk xm;cJhNyD; a&csKd;zdkY xGufvmcJhonf/ a&w0BuD; csKd;ypf
vkdufonf/ a&csKd;cef;xJu xGufNyD; uRefawmfhtcef;½Sd&modkYtvmwGif ]]0if;udk . . . }} [k vSrf;ac:aom rrwl;toHMum;
&onf/
rrwl;u &yfapmifhaeaom uRefawmfhqD avQmufvm&if; . . .
]]eifhudk ar;p&m½Sdw,f . . . }} [k qkdonf/
]]bmvJ . . . }}
uRefawmfu jyefar;\/
]]eifhrSm &nf;pm;awG bmawG ½SdaeNyDqkd . . . }}
]]b,folajymvJ . . . }}
]]'DvdkyJ igodwmaygh . . . }}
udkaqGu rrwl;udk uRefawmfhtaMumif; ajymjyvdrfhrnfqdkonfudk uRefawmf odNyD;om;/
rrwl;u ckvdk ar;vmvdrfhrnf[kvnf; odNyD;om;jzpfí cyfat;at;yif &,faevkdufao;onf/
]]aumifrav;u b,fuvJ . . . }}
]]Adkvfwaxmife,fajr wuúodkvfrSm 'kwd,ESpf . . . }}
]]olUrdbawGuaum . . . }}
]]e,fu wm0efuswJhNrKdUrSm oGm;ae&w,fav . . . olwdkYtazu &mxl;BuD;BuD;xJuygyJ . . . olwdkYtaruawmY
a&mufwJhNrKdUrSmyJ tqifoifhwJh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;wpfckck vkyfw,f . . . ck &rnf;oif;rSm a&mufaeMuw,f . . . olwdkYtaru
i½kwfoD;wkdY? refusnf;oD;wkdY yGJ½kHzGifhxm;w,f . . . }}
]][m . . . 'gqdk eifhtpfudktBuKdufyJ . . . }}
]]Asm . . . }}
]]eifwkdYtpfudku i½kwfoD; odyfBuKdufwm r[kwfvm; . . . &rnf;oif; i½kwfoD;u emrnfBuD;yJ . . . odyfpyfw,f
. . . }}
]][m . . . [kwfvm; . . . BuKHrS i½kwfoD;awmif;&OD;r,f . . . }}
]]'geJY &efukefrSmusawmh olu b,foleJYaevJ . . . }}
50 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]'DrSm olwdkYtdrf½Sdw,fav . . . tJ'DrSm olUBuD;awmfBuD;&,f? olwdkYtpfrvifr,m;&,feJY aew,f . . . }}
]]aMomf . . . aMomf . . . olwdkYu acsmifacsmifvnfvnfyJ xifw,f . . . }}
]]odyfcsrf;omw,fvdkYawmh r[kwfygbl; . . . tajctaeawmh aumif;ykH&w,f . . . olwdkYtdrfrSm wDAD ½Sdw,f . . .
w,fvDzkef;vnf; ½Sdw,f . . . }}
]]tr,f . . . eifu olwdkYtdrfawmif a&mufzl;NyD;NyDaygh . . . }}
uRefawmfu "mwfykHrsm; oGm;ydkY&if; a&mufcJhzl;onfhtaMumif; ajymjyonf/
]]"mwfykHqkdvkdY olY"mwfykH eifhqDrSm r½Sdbl;vm; . . . Munfh&atmif . . . }}
]]r½Sdbl; . . . rawmif;&ao;bl; . . . }}
]]wpf&ufavmuf tdrfudk tvnfac:cJhygvm; . . . jrifzl;wmaygh . . . }}
]][m . . . olu b,fvkdufrvJAs . . . a,mufsm;av;&JU tdrfudk . . . }}
]]tr,fav; . . . ckacwf rdef;uav;awGu t&ifvdk aMumufvefY½Suf½GHUaeMuwm r[kwfawmhygbl; . . . rvkduf&J
p&maum bm½SdvJ . . . tdrfrSm rrwl;vnf; ½SdaewmyJ[m . . . }}
]]tif;yg . . . olYudk ajymMunfhOD;r,f . . . }}
]]tJ'geJY . . . }}
]]aeygOD;Asm . . . NyD;rS qufar; . . . tusÐav; bmav; 0wfyg&apOD; . . . csrf;vSNyD . . . }} qkdNyD; vSnfhxGufrnf
tjyK . . .
]]aumifrav;u vS&JUvm; . . . }} [k rrwl;u ar;onf/
]][m . . . vSw,f . . . odyfvSw,f . . . rrwl; i,fi,fuvdkyJ . . . }}
rrwl;onf auseyfNyKH; NyKH;NyKH;BuD;jzpfoGm;um . . .
]][,f . . . 'gqkd cspf&mav;aerSmyJaemf . . . }}
uRefawmfu &,fcsifojzifh tcef;xJ jrefjrefvSnfh0ifvkduf&onf/
odef;rif;xGef; a&mufvmawmh ajcmufem&Dxkd;vkNyD/ uRefawmfhrSm olra&mufao;ojzihf qmqmESifh apmifhae&aom

aMumifh qD;NyD;a[mufvdkufonf/ olu qkdifrSm olwpfa,mufwnf;jzpfaeí qkdifydwfNyD;rS vm&aMumif; ajymonf/
xrif;0dkif;rSm xkdifrdMuaomtcg pum;rajymEkdifMuao;bJ xrif;udkom qmqmESifh zdwG,faerdMuonf/ [if;u

vnf; tvGefaumif;\/ trJausmufuyfudk t&nfpyfpyfuav;csufNyD; udkaqG rav;½Sm;rS 0,fvmaom rqvmtaumif;pm;
tkyfxm;ojzifh arT;ysHUaeonf/ ig;z,fokyf? yef;a*:zDaMumf? bl;nGefY[if;csKdwdkYESifh vkdufzufvSonf/
xrif;wpfyef;uefpDavmufudk cPcsif;rSmyif ukefoGm;Muonf/ odef;rif;xGef;u xrif;xyfxnfh&if; udkaqGYudk

ar;onf/
51 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]tpfudkYoabFmu b,fawmhavmuf jyefxGufrSmvJ . . . }}
]]vukefavmuf jzpfvdrfhr,f . . . }}
]]'gqdk eD;NyDaygh . . . }}
]]rif;u bmrSmrvkdYvJ . . . }}
]]uRefawmfawmh bmrS rSmp&m r½Sdygbl; . . . 'Daumifawmh rSmvdrfhr,f xifw,f . . . }} [k uRefawmfhbufudk Munfh

NyD; ajymonf/
udkaqGu . . .
]]bmrSmrvdkYvJ . . . }} [k ar;onf/
EIwfcrf;eDESifh vufonf;qkd;aq;aumif;aumif; rSmrnf[k t&ifuwnf;u pdwful;NyD;om;/
ckusawmh ajym&rSm ½Sufaerdonf/ NyD;awmhvnf; rrwl;a½SUrSm EIwfcrf;qkd;aq;rSmzdkY ajymrxGufbJjzpfae\/
xdkYaMumifh [if;csKdwpfZGef;cyfaomuf&if; tcsdefqGJaevkdufonf/ NyD;rS . . .
]]tpfudk aumif;r,fxifwmom 0,fcJhyg . . . }} [k ajymvkduf&\/
odef;rif;xGef;u 0ifajymjyefonf/
]]'Daumif tkdufwifcHaewm . . . ol bmrSmcsifw,fqkdwm uRefawmf odw,f . . . a'gufjrifhzdeyf 'grSr[kwf ydkufqH

tdwf 'grSr[kwf xbD . . . [m;[m; . . . }}
]]rif;uvJuGm . . . }}
uRefawmf ½SufNyD; olUudk [efYvkduf\/
]]eifaemf . . . ½SufraeeJY . . . rSmcsifwm½Sd&if wpfcgwnf;rSm . . . aemufawmhrS rrwl;twGuf ygvmwJh qvif;

bufuav; uRefawmfhay;yg rvkyfeJY . . . }}
rrwl;u uRefawmfYudk aemufovdkvdkESifh olrSmcsifwmudk wpfcgwnf; today;vkdufonf/
]]uJyguGm . . . igjyefvmawmhrS ygvmwJhtxJu rif;BuKdufwm ,laygh . . . [kwfvm; . . . }}
udkaqGu uRefawmfhudk ajymonf/ uRefawmfvnf; oloGm;cgeD;rSyif wkd;wdk;wdwfwdwf usdwfNyD;rSmawmhrnf[k pdwful;

xm;vkdufav\/
Ä
ol &,fonf/ uRefawmf ajymaompum;onf &,fp&mvkH;0r[kwfbJESifh/
uRefawmfwdkYonf xkH;pHtwkdif; cyfapmapm qkHMuonf/
52 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]vufzuf&nfqkdifoGm;&atmif . . . }} [k ajymaomtcg olu &,fjcif;jzpfonf/
uRefawmfu em;rvnfEkdifpGm ar;vkdufonf/
]]bmjzpfvkdY &,fwmvJ . . . }}
]][kwfygbl; . . . oleJY awGYvdkuf&if tjrJwrf; vufzuf&nfqkdifoGm;&atmifcsnf;yJ ajymaevkdY . . . vufzuf&nf

qkdifuvGJ&if wjcm; oGm;p&m vmp&m ae&m r½Sdawmhbl;vm; . . . }}
[kwfayom;yJ/ 'gudk uRefawmf rpOf;pm;rd/ b,favmufrsm; aMumifovJvkdY/ vufzuf&nfqkdifqdkonfrSm a,mufsm;

av; oli,fcsif;rsm;ESifhom xkdifzdkYaumif;aomae&m r[kwfvm;/
t&ifuqkdvQifawmh xm;yg/ ck[mu tjyeftvSef cspfaecJhMuNyDjzpfaom orD;&nf;pm;rsm;awmif jzpfaeMuNyD/
cspfolwdkY oGm;vkdYaumif;aomae&mawG tykHtyif jzpfygonf/ r[mAE¨Kvyef;NcH? AdkvfcsKyfyef;NcH? uefawmfBuD;apmif;?

wd&pämef½kH ponfjzifh/
odkY&mwGif xkdae&mrsm;udk uRefawmf ruRrf;usifacs/ &efukefwuúodkvf yifrausmif;0if;ESihf tif;vsm;uefpyfe,fajr

wkdYudkawmh aumif;aumif;uRrf;onf/ ausmif;rSmwkef;u olrsm;twGJawGudk vkdufvkdufacsmif;zl;ojzifh odaejcif;jzpf\/
]]vufzuf&nfqkdif roGm;csif&if b,foGm;rvJ . . . }} [k uRefawmf ar;vkdufonf/
ar;NyD;rS ckvdk rar;oifhaMumif; owd&vkdufjyefonf/ rdef;uav;wpfa,muftaejzifh b,fae&mudk oGm;csifygw,f

[k b,fajymvkdY jzpfyghrwkH;/ ckavmuf zGifhajymwmuyJ vGefvSNyD/
uRefawmfonf b,foGm;&ifaumif;rvJ[k tylwjyif; pOf;pm;&onf/ acgif;xJrSm ½kwfw&ufay:rvm/ aemufqkH;

udk,fuRrf;usifwJhae&myJ aumif;ygw,f qkdNyD; . . .
]]ausmif;xJ oGm;rvm; . . . }}
olu em;rvnfpGm . . .
]]ausmif;xJ . . . [kwfvm; . . . ausmif;xJ bmoGm;vkyf&rSmvJ . . . awmfMum rsKd;omuDwkdYeJY wdk;aerSjzifh . . . }}
uRefawmfajymaom ausmif;xJqkdonfrSm ,cif &efukef0dZÆmodyÜHwuúodkvfudk qkdvkdjcif; jzpfonf/ 'gudk olu olwdkY

ckwufaeaom Adkvfwaxmifausmif;udk ajymjcif;jzpfonf[k xifNyD; jyefajymjcif;jzpf\/
]]'Dausmif;udk ajymwm r[kwfygbl; . . . &mZl;udk ajymwm . . . }}
]][if . . . tJ'Dudk roGm;csifygbl; . . . NyD;awmh ta0;BuD; . . . }}
]]ZifZifyJ vufzuf&nfqkdif roGm;csifbl;qdkvdkY . . . }}
]]tif;av . . . vufzuf&nfqkdif roGm;csifbl;qkdwmu xkdif&wm aMumifvkdY tat;qkdifav; bmav; ajymif;xkdifzdkY

ajymwmyg . . . }}
]][m . . . bmxl;vJ . . . vGwfvGwfvyfvyf pum;ajymvkdY&wJh ae&mrsKd; . . . NyD;awmh tif; . . . vl½Sif;wJhae&mrsKd;

. . . wpfae&m&m oGm;rvm;vkdY . . . }}
53 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]'gqkdvnf; bk&m; oGm;ygvm; . . . eD;eD;em;em; . . . }}
]]aumif;om;yJ . . . }}
oabmwlvkduf&onf/ oabmrwlvkdYvnf; rjzpf/ cspfolrsm;qkdonfrSm bk&m;oGm;ausmif;wuf twlwuGjzpf&rnf

yJ/
Adkvfxaxmifbk&m;bufodkY avQmufvmcJYMuonf/
pm;aomufqkdifwef;rsm;em;odkYta&mufwGif . . .
]]wpfckck pm;OD;rvm; . . . }}
uRefawmfu ar;onf/
olu . . .
]]bmvJ . . . vufzuf&nfqkdif xkdifcsifao;vkdYvm; . . . }}
]][ifhtif; . . . reufu rkefY[if;cg; pm;vmw,f . . . ol qmvkdYvm; . . . }}
]]rqmygbl; . . . }}
bk&m;y&d0kPfxJ a&mufvmonf/ &ifjyifawmfay:odkY aea&mifu aumif;pGmjzmusaeNyD/ odkY&mwGif bk&m;&dyfonf

at;jraeqJ/ cspfolESifhtwlwl bk&m;oGm;&aom t&omudk yxrqkH;tBudrf cHpm;&onf/ wdwdusus rajymwwf/ om,m
csrf;ajrUMunfEl;jcif; jzpf&onf[líom od\/
0uFyguJYodkY jyKvkyfxm;aom twGif;vdkPfywfvrf;xJodkY 0ifcJYMuonf/ eH&HwpfckvkH;udk rSefpDa½Tcsxm;\/

bk&m;zl;vmoltcsKdUu trSwfw& jzpfpdrfYaomiSm wpfxGmwpfnKdwpfqpfcefY pmwkdpmpuav;awG a&;í rSefuluGufrsm;Mum;
uyfoD;uyfowf xkd;xnfhxm;Mu\/
taMumif;t&mrsKd;pkH/ rsm;aomtm;jzifhawmh b,folESifh b,fol b,faeYu bk&m;zl;a&mufcJhonf/ b,folUudk owd

&onf ponfjzifh a&;xm;Mu\/ vdyfpmtjynfhtpkH xnfha&;xm;olawmif ½Sdonf/
]]ZifwkdYvnf; wpfckcka&;&if aumif;r,faemf . . . }}
olu pmawGudk avQmufzwf&if; ajymonf/ uRefawmfu . . .
]][m . . . ½Sufp&mBuD; . . . }}
]]bmudk ½Suf&rSmvJ . . . olrsm;awGvnf; a&;MuwmyJ[m . . . }}
]]ra&;ygeJYuGm . . . vmprf;yg . . . }}
uRefawmfhpdwfxJwGif q,fwef;wkef;u odef;rif;xGef;ESifh usKdufxD;½dk;oGm;&mwGif ausmufwkH;BuD;awGay:rSm rD;aoG;cJ

jzifh 0if;udkarmifESifh odef;rif;xGef; cspfoli,fcsif;ESpfa,muf bk&m;zl;a&mufcJhMuonf[k a&;cJhMuonfudk owd&vkdufrd\/
]]ydkufqHxnfh&atmif . . . }} [k olu ajymonf/

54 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
tvSLcHcGufxJodkY ykdufqHudk t"d|mefNyD; ypfxnfh&jcif;jzpfonf/
]]xnfhav . . . }}
olu vG,ftdwfxJrS ydkufqHtdwfav;udk xkwfvkdufonf/
]]udk,fhqDrSm taMuGawGygw,f . . . }} [k uRefawmf ajym&m . . .
]]r[kwfbl; . . . ZifhqDrSm usyfjym;awG ygw,f . . . }} qkdNyD; ykdufqHtdwfxJu usyfjym;wpfjym;xkwf,lonf/
oHqefcgMum;xJodkY vufvQKdvkduf\/
uRefawmfu . . .
]]wpfckck t"d|mefvkdufOD;av . . . }}
]]NyD;awmhrS . . . }}
olu usyfjym;udk csdefom;udkufatmif qçaeonf/ NyD;awmY ypfxnfhvdkuf\/ usyfjym;u tvSLcHcGuf½Sd&modkYyif

ra&muf/ avSum;xpfrsm;twkdif; wGif;xJodkY vdrfhqif;oGm;onf/
olu &,fí . . .
]]tJ'gaMumifh ypfNyD;rS t"d|mefr,fvdkY ajymwm . . . t&if t"d|mefxm;NyD;rS cGufxJ r0ifyJ vGJoGm;&if b,faumif;
rvJ . . . }}
]]'gu vG,fvG,fav;yg Zif&,f . . . Munfh . . . }}
uRefawmfu ig;rl;aphwpfaphudk udkif&if; . . .
]]ZifeJY aygif;&r,fqkd&if vGJygap . . . }} [k qdkNyD; wrifvGJatmif ypfvkdufonf/
ZifZifu . . .
]]oluvnf; ZifwkdYi,fi,fwkef;u ausmufwkH;rNyD; t"d|mefovdk jzpfaeNyD . . . ausmufwkH;u enf;enf;BuD;aewJh

tcgusawmh pmar;yJGatmif&if av;ygapvkdYyJ qkawmif;w,f r[kwfvm; . . . }}
]]'gqkdvnf; jyefypfr,f . . . }}
uRefawmf rwfaphwpfaph ,lonf/
]]ZifZifu udk,fhudk wu,fcspfw,fqkd&if cGufxJudk wnfhwnfhrwfrwf 0ifygap . . . }}
ydkufqHjym;udk ypfrnftjyK? olu vufudk zrf;qGJxm;NyD; . . .
]]'Dvdk b,f&rvJ . . . tJvkdaMu;qkd&if Zifvnf; olUvkd jyefqkawmif;NyD; ypfrSmaygh . . . }}
uRefawmf NyKH;rdonf/
55 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]uJygav ... udk,frypfawmYygbl;}}
xGufaygufbufodkY jyefavQmufvm&if; uRefawmf qufajymonf/
]]vlawG[m t"d|mefjyKwJhtcgus&if udk,fvdkcsifwmudk awmif;&ovdk udk,fuvnf;ay;&w,f . . . bmay;&ovJqkd

awmh opömw&m;yJ . . . rSefuefaom pum;udk qdk&w,f . . . NyD;awmh þrSefaomopömw&m;aMumifh bmjzpfygapvdkY
qkawmif;&wm r[kwfvm; . . . 'Dawmh t"d|mefw,fqkdwm[m vlawGudk trSefw&m; ajymwwfzdkY avhusifhay;wJhoabm
yJaygh . . . }}
uRefawmf ajymonfudk olem;vnfovm;? rvnfovm;awmh rod/ acgif;awmh ndwfjyonf/
vdkPfywfvrf;xJu jyeftxGufwGif . . .
]]bk&m; r½Sdckd;&ao;bl; . . . }} [k ajymonf/
uRefawmfu . . .
]]bdvyfjyefbk&m;BuD;rSm oGm;½Sdckd;r,fav . . . qkawmif;jynfhw,fwJh . . . }}
crf;em;aom? oyf&yfaom? usufoa&½Sdaom wefaqmif;opfBuD;xJrSm xkdifMuonf/ bdvyfjyefbk&m;BuD;rSm wefcdk;

awmftrsKd;rsKd;jyojzifh jyefykdYay;onf[k tqkd½Sd\/
]]bk&m; ½Sdcdk;av . . . }}
olajymNyD; a½SUrS vufudkify0gav;udk jzefYcif;vkdufonf/ uRefawmfu OD;okH;Budrfcs½kHomjzpfonf/ oluawmh rsufpd

uav;rSdwfNyD; EIwfcrf;uav; vIyf½kHrQ bk&m;pmawG ½Gwfaeonf/
uRefawmfu olUudk wpdrfhpdrfhMunfhae\/
acwfawG b,fvdkajymif;ajymif;? 0wfpm;qif,ifykHawG b,fvkdajymif;ajymif; rdef;uav;wpfa,muf usKHUusKHUuav;

xkdifNyD; bk&m;½Sdcdk;aeykHonf usufoa& ½SdjrJ½Sdaeonf/
ck oljyifqifxm;onfrSm ckacwfrdef;uav;awG\ ykHpHtwkdif; jzpfonf/ wD½SyfqefqeftusÐav;udk 0wfxm;onfh

wkdif [kda½S;acwfu xdkifrodrf;tusÐESifh rdef;uav;wpfa,muf bk&m;½Sdcdk;aeykHESifh [efyefcsif; bmrQrjcm;[k xifonf/
&Jaeatmifqkd;xm;aom EIwfcrf;uav;u bk&m;pmawG ½Gwfzwfae\/ vuftkyfcsDxm;aom vufuav;u yef;tdk;

xJu MumikHrsm;ESifhtNyKdif/
a,musmf;av;wpfa,mufESihf rdef;uav;wpfa,muf orD;&nf;pm;jzpfMuNyDqdkvQifta&;wBuD; ajz½Sif;&aom udpö½Sd

onf/ wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf b,fvdkac:a0:oHk;EIef;MurvJqdkwm/
a,musmf;av;u rdef;uav;udk b,fvdkac:rvJ? udk,fudk,fhudk,faum b,fvdkoHk;EIef;rvJ? tac:ta0:av;rsdK;udk

pOf;pm;&ayvdrfhrnf/
56 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
uRefawmfusawmh uRefawmfu olUudkZifZif[k ac:onf/þtac:ta0:udk cHwGif;awGY\/ uRefawmfhudk,f? uRefawmf
]udk,f} [k oHk;EIef;cJhonf/ 'gvnf; BudKuf\/
olu olUudk,fol ]Zif} [kajymonf/ aumif;om;yJ/ wpfckom vdkawmhonf/ olu uRefawmfhudk b,fvdkac:rvJ/
ckxdawmh olub,fvdkrSrac:ovdkaeonf/ uRefawmfhtwGuf emrfpm;roHk;rjzpfoHk;&awmhrnf[k qdkvQif ]ol} [kajymonf/
uRefawmf odyfoabmrawGYacs/
jrefrmo'´gwGif ]ol} qdkonfrSm tajymcH tjcm;olemrfpm;jzpfonf/ tcsdKUuvnf; t*Fvdyfo'´grS o'fygpifudk jrefrm

jyefí wwd, emrfpm;[k qdkMuonf/
olqdkonfrSm tjcm;aom vlwpfa,muftaMumif;udk ajymaomtcgrSomoHk;&onf/ ajymaeaomolESifh wdkuf½dkuf

rsufESmcsif;qdkif taetxm;rSmr½Sd/ xdkYaMumifh olu uRefawmfhudk ]ol} [kac:onfhtcgwdkif; uRefawmfudk ac:onf[krxif/
tjcm;wpfa,mufudkac:aeonf [kyifxifrdonf/
uRefawmfhudk b,fvdkac:cdkif;vQifaumif;rvJ [k pOf;pm;Munfhonf/
uRefawmfhemrnfu 0if;udkarmif jzpfonf/ tpfudkawG? tpfrawG? oli,fcsif;awGu 0if;udk[k ac:Mu\/ aemufqHk;

pum;vHk; ]armif} udkjzKwfí ac:Mujcif;jzpfonf/ 'Dawmh wjcm;olawG csefxm;cJhaom pum;vHk;udk olUtm; ac:cdkif;&
raumif;bl;vm;/ aumif;onf/
armif/
uRefawmf BudKufonf/ ½kyf½SifawGxJrSm? 0wåKawGxJrSm wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf 'Dvdkac:wmawGY&if odyftm;uscJh

onf/ aemufNyD; 'Dvdktac:ta0:onf uRefawmfESifhrpdrf;cJh/ rrwl;u udkaqGYudk olYpdwfvdkvuf& ½SdonfhtcgrsdK;usvQif
armif[k ac:wwfonf r[kwfvm;/
ZifZifESihf wu,fwef; qHk&aomtcg xdktaMumif;udk pum;pzkdUcufaejyefonf/ wjcm;taMumif;awGom avQmuf

ajymaerdonf/ jyefumeD;usrS tm;wif;íajym&onf/
]]ZifZifudk udk,fajymp&m wpfck½Sdao;w,f . . . }}
]]ajymp&mu ukefyJrukefEdkifawmhbl;vm; . . . }}
]]'gawmif wpfoufvHk;ajymoGm;&rSmrdkYvdkY acRacRwmwmajymaewm . . . }}
]]MunfhMuao;wmaygh . . . aemufawmhrSom pum;av;wpfcGef;awmif rajymEdkifrac:EdkifwmrsdK; rjzpfygapeJU . . . }}
]]wpfoufvHk;rjzpfbl; . . . }}
pum;u vkd&if;udk ra&mufbJjzpfoGm;jyefonf/ olu . . .
]]ajymp&m½Sdw,fqdk ajymav . . . twef;csdefu eD;aeNyD . . . 'Duvyfpfu ysufvdkU rjzpfbl; . . . ckawmif Zifaysmuf

aevdkY rsdK;omuDwdkY a'guefaeOD;r,f . . . }}
olwdkYudk *½kpdkufraeygeJY[k ajymcsifaomfvnf; ajymvdk&if;udpöudk ra&mufrnfpdk;í rajymjzpfawmh/
]]uJ ajymav jrefjref . . . }}

57 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]][dk[myg . . . ZifZifu udk,fhudk b,fvdkac:rvJvdkY . . . }}
oluBudKwifNyD; pOf;pm;xm;[efjzihf rqdkif;rwGyif . . .
]]Zif pOf;pm;xm;wmawmh½Sdw,f . . . olBudKufyghrvm; . . . }}
]]b,fvdkvJ . . . }}
olutwefi,f&,fí . . .
]]udkudkvdkY . . . tJ'g BudKufvm; . . . }}
uRefawmfu ½kwfw&uf jyefrajymEdkifbJ aMumifawmifawmifjzpfaeonf/ xifxm;wmESifh wjcm;pDjzpfaeaomaMumihf

yif/
]]bmvJ . . . rBudKufvkdUvm; . . . }}
olar;awmhrS . . .
]][m r[kwfygbl; . . . BudKufygw,f . . . udk,fu ½kwfw&ufrdkU 0rf;omoGm;vdkU . . . }}
&,fusJusJvkyf&if; jyefajymvkduf&onf/
trSefrSm uRefawmf tHhtm;oifhoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ xifxm;wmu . . .
]]udk,fhudk b,fvdkac:rSmvJ . . . }} [kar;vQif . . .
]]b,fvdkac:apcsifvdkYvJ . . . }} [koljyefar;rnf/
]]armifvdkY ac:ygvm; . . . }} qdkvQif . . .
]]tkd . . . ½Sufp&mBuD; . . . }} [kajymrnf/
]]'g ½Sufp&mrS r[kwfwm . . . udk,fhcspfoludk udk,fcspfpEdk;ac:wmyJ[m . . . }}
]]rac:csifygbl; . . . }}
]]bmvJ . . . udk,fhudkrcspfvkdUvm; . . . }}
]]r[kwfygbl; . . . }}
]]'gqdk ac:av . . . }}
]]aemufawmh ac:r,fuG,f . . . }}
]]aemufawmh r&bl; . . . tckac:Munfh . . . }}
]]tdk; . . . yg;pyfr&Jbl; . . . odvm; . . . }}
58 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]aemufvnf; ac:&r,fhtwlwl tavhtusifh jzpfatmif ckuwnf;u ac:Munfhyg . . . }}
ol ½SufpEdk;jzpfaeojzifh . . .
]]ac:av . . . ac:ygqdk . . . }}
uRefawmfu twif;wdkufwGef;awmhrS r&Jw&J . . .
]]armif . . . uJ . . . auseyfNyDvm; . . . }}
ponfjzihf awmfawmfMumatmif cufcufcJcJ ajym,l&rnf[k wGufxm;rdonf/
ckawmh uRefawmfu b,fvdkac:rvJ ar;vdkuf½Hk ½dSao;/ olu . . . ]]udkudkvdkY ac:r,fav . . . }} [kcsufcsif;jyef

ajymojzifh pdwfxJ wpfrsdK;BuD;jzpfoGm;onf/
'DvdkudpörsdK;wGif rdef;uav;wdkUrSm ½Sufovdk? ½GHUovdkvkdESifh ElwfqGHY&jrJjzpfonf/ ckawmh oluxdktpOftvmudk azmuf

zsufjyD; tvG,fwul wHkYjyefvdkufojzifh rav;eufovdk jzpfoGm;&onf/
oluRefawmfh tay:xm;aomarwÅmonf ayghysufysufEdkifavovm;[líawmh oHo, rxm;rdyg/ olY pdwfoabm

xm;udk apmaMumwGufqzdkY? odem;vnfEdkifzdkY xyfrH BudK;pm;&OD;rnf [líom/
(6)
b,fvdkacsmhvdkYrSvJ r&? b,fvdk½Sif;jyvdkUrSvJ em;r0ifyJ jzpfaeonf/
uRefawmfwdkY\ cspfoloufwrf;umvtwGif; ol\ yxrqHk;tMudrfpdwfaumufjcif;yif jzpfavonf/ þodkU qdkaom

aMumifh 'kwd,tMudrf? wwd,ajrmuftBudrf? b,fESMudrfajrmufponfjzifh vmOD;rnf[k,lqzG,f½Sdaeonf/ ,if;odkY ,lq
aomf rSef\/ a½SUqufNyD; pdwfaumufrnhf tvm;tvmawG½dSaeonfrSm trSefyif/
ckjzpf&onfhudpöu 'Dvdk/
raeYu olESifh uRefawmf csdef;xm;onf/ cgwdkif;vdk yHkrSeftwdkif;awGY? bk&m;oGm;? tat;qdkifxdkif? urf;em;rSm vrf;
avQmufzdkUtwGufr[kwf/ xdkudpörsm;twGufqdkvQif wul;wucsdef;aep&m rvdk/ uRefawmfonf reufwdkif;vdkvdk ausmif;rSwf
wdkifrSm oGm;apmifhaeus/
raeYu csdef;xm;onfhudpöuawmh uRefawmf yg;pyfaqmhcJhjcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ wmarGaps;u rkefY[if;cg; aumif;

aMumif; pum;BuHKojzifh ajymrdonf/ olu pm;csifonf[kqdk\/ pm;csifvQif eufjzefreufapmapm ausmif;roGm;cif oGm;
pm;Murnf/ wmarGrSwfwdkifu apmifhae[k rSmvdkufonf/
nusawmh ta&;ay:udpöwpfck ay:vmonf/ oli,fcsif;wpfa,muf\ taztonf;toefjzpfojzifh aq;½HkvkdufydkU

&jcif;jzpfonf/ oli,fcsif;u c&D;xGufaeojzifh tdrfrSmr½Sd/ uRefawmfyif aq;½HkrSm napmifhay;&onf/ tbdk;BuD; nwGif;
csif; qHk;oGm;\/ xdkYaMumifh olYtdrfudk jyeftaMumif;Mum;zdkY? aq;½HkrSm pDpOfp&m½Sdwm pDpOfzdkY? oli,fcsif;qDudk aMu;eef;½dkufzdkY
uRefawmfyifvkyf&onf/ xdkaMumifh ZifZif ESifhcsdef;xm;&modkU rvma&mufEdkifcJh/
'gudk olupdwfaumufaejcif;jzpfonf/ uRefawmfu ½Sif;jyonf/ olu vufoifhrcH/
]]udkudku Zifhudk *½krpdkufbl; . . . }} [k pGyfpGJonf/
]]bmvdkY *½krpdkuf&rSmvJ ZifZif&JU . . . udk,fhavmuf *½kpdkufwm½SdOD;rvm; . . . }}
]]'gvm; *½kpdkufwm . . . aoaocsmcsmcsdef;xm;NyD;awmh rvmbl; . . . rSwfwdkifrSm wpfa,mufwnf; tMumBuD;

&yfae&wm b,favmufaMumifw,f rSwfaevJ . . . Mumawmh [dkvluMunfh 'DvluMunfheJY . . .}}
60 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]'guawmh ZifZif&,f . . . udk,fu wrifrvmyJaewmrS r[kwfwm . . . ta&;BuD;udpöu ½kwfw&ufay:vmwmudk;

. . . }}
]]'Duawmh ta&;rBuD;bl;ayghav . . . odygw,f . . . odygw,f . . . }}
ol rJhrJh½JGU½GJU ajym\/
]][m . . . r[kwfygbl; . . . ZifZifu ta&;BuD;wmygyJ . . . 'gayrJh . . . }}
]][dku ZifhxufydkNyD; ta&;BuD;w,fayghav . . . [kwfvm; . . . }}
]]'gu 'Dvdk½Sdw,fav . . . vlcsif;,SOfr,fqdk&ifawmh udk,fhtwGuf urÇmay:rSm ta&;tBuD;qHk;u ZifZifyJ . . .

'gayrhJ wpfcgwpfavtajctaeeJY tcsdeftcgt& rvTJom OD;pm;ay;NyD; vkyfvdkuf&wm ½Sdw,f . . . }}
]]Zifu 'kwd,OD;pm;ay;aygh . . . }}
uRefawmf oufjyif;cs&onf/
]]cufygvm; ZifZif&,f . . . ZifZihfudk tjrJwrf;OD;pm;ay;cJhw,f r[kwfvm; . . . ck[mu ema&;udpöjzpfaew,fav

. . . NyD;awmh udk,frulnD&ifrjzpfvdkYaygh . . . }}
]]ckvdk ulnDvdkufawmh [dku aeaumif;oGm;w,fayghaemf . . . }}
uRefawmf enf;enf;awmh pdwfysufoGm;rdonf/ ol 'Dvdkraighoifh/
]]'Dvdkawmh rajymygeJY Zif . . . vlem&JU a&m*g tajctaeu qdk;½Gm;vdkY qHk;oGm;½Smwmyg . . . bmyJjzpfjzpf vkyfoifh
vkyfxdkufwJh[m wpfckudk vkyfvdkuf&wJhtwGuf ZifZiftjypfrjrifoifhygbl; . . . }}
olpum; rSm;oGm;rSef; od[efwlonf/ jyefjyif\/
]]vlemoGm;ydkYwmudk tjypfajymwm r[kwfbl; . . . reuf ZifhqD csdef;xm;NyD; rvmwmudkajymwm . . . }}
]]udk,fajymNyD;ygyaumvm; . . vlemuqHk;oGm;wmeJY vkyfp&m½SdwmmawG . . . }}
uRefawmf pum;rqHk;cif jzwfNyD; . . .
]]vlemu nuwnf;u qHk;wmqdk . . . reufusawmh vmvdkY&om;yJ . . . aowJhvlujzifh aoaeNyD . . . }}
]]aoNyDqdkNyD; ypfxm;cJhvdkY b,f&rvJ . . . pDpOfp&m½SdwmawG taMumif;Mum;p&m½SdwmawG vkyf&ao;w,f . . . }}
]][kwfygw,f . . . [kwfygw,f . . . Zifhudk tJ'D vlaoaumifBuD;avmufawmif wefzdk;rxm;bl;aygh . . . }}
]][m . . . bmawG avQmufajymaewmvJ . . . }}
uRefawmfenf;enf; pdwfwdkvmojzifh . . .
61 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]'DrSm ZifZif . . . ZifZifeJYu raeYurawGY&ayr,hf 'DaeYawGYvdkY&w,f r[kwfvm; . . . [dkudpöuawmh raeYuvkyfrS
jzpfrSm . . . &ufa½TUvdkY &wmr[kwfbl; . . . 'gaMumifh udk,fulnDoifhw,fxifvdkY vkyfay;cJhwmyJ . . . 'gudk ZifZifu raus
eyfbl; xif&ifvnf; udk,frwwfEdkifbl; . . . }}
]]'gqdkvnf; NyD;a&maygh . . . }}
[kajymNyD; olxGufoGm;onf/ uRefawmf olYaemufudk vkdufroGm;? um;rSwfwdkifrSmyJ &yfNyD; aecJhonf/ olu ausmif;
½Sd&modkY avQmufoGm;\/
olYtay: enf;enf; rausreyfjzpfrdonfuawmh trSefyif/ vlqdkonfrSm ESpfa,mufwnf; aevdkYr&/ ywf0ef;usif

todkuft0ef;qdkwm ½Sdao;onf/ rdwfaqGtaygif;toif;qdkwm ½Sdao;onf/ tultnDay;oifhwm ay;&rnf/ 'gudk olem;
vnfzdkY aumif;onf/ vlrIa&; qdkwmudk olem;rvnfbl;qdkvQifawmh pdwfysufp&m aumif;ayvdrfhrnf/
uRefawmfonf um;ESpfqifhpD;NyD; odef;rif;xGef;qdkif½Sd&mudk vmcJhonf/ odef;rif;xGef;u taemf&xmvrf;ay:rS olY

taz\ em&DqdkifrSm ulvkyfaeonf/
odef;rif;xGef;ESihf pum;xdkifajymae&if;u 'Daumifhudk reufuwkef;u jzpfcJhwm ajymjy&if aumif;rvm;[k pOf;pm;rd

onf/ rjzpfao;? ZifZihfudk txifao;p&mjzpfoGm;vdrfhrnf/
ckvdk olYtay:txifao;rSmudk pdk;&drfaerdjcif;u olYudk uRefawmf wu,fpdwfrqdk;cJhaMumif; odomaeawmh\/ [kwf

vnf;[kwfonf/
odef;rif;xGef;\ xrif;csdKifhxJu xrif;udkESpfa,muftwlpm;MuNyD; 'l;,m;wpfvdyf rD;nSd½dIufzGmvdkufaom tcsdefrSm

yif uRefawmf olYtay:pdwfajyoGm;avawmh\/
pdwfajyoGm;½HkqdkvQifbm[kwfao;vdkYvJ/ olYudk jyefacsmhzdkYawmif qufNyD;pdwful;vdkufrdao;onf/ acsmhwmuawmh

[kwfygNyD/ ,kwåd½Sd½Sd acsmhzdkY ta&;BuD;onf/
qkdvdkonfrSm ckudpöudk aoaocsmcsm qef;ppfMunfhvQif oluvGefjcif;jzpfonf/ olu vGefaeygvsuf uRefawmfu

acsmh&rnfqdkonfrSm obm0rusacs/ 'Dawmh obm0usap&ef olYtvGefukd uRefawmfhtvGefjzpfatmif vkyf,l&rnf/
uRefawmfhbufu bmrsm;rSm;cJhrdovJ[k tylwjyif;½SmazGMunfhaerd\/ odef;rif;xGef;u pum;awGajymaeonfudk

pdwfr0ifpm;Edkif/ Mum;wpfcsuf rMum;wpfcsuf/ tif; tJvkyf&if; wHkYjyefae&onf/
[m . . . [kwfNyD/ uRefawmfh cRwf,Gif;csufwpfckudk oGm;pOf;pm;rd\/ em&Dudk Munfhvdkufonf/ olausmif;qif;zdkY

tcsdefodyfrvdkawmh/ um;pD;&mwGif MumrnfhtcsdefESifhqdkvQif rDatmif okwfajcwif&rnf/
]]a[haumif . . . igvpfawmhr,f . . . }}
[kajym&if; x&yfvdkufonf/ odef;rif;xGef;u . . .
]][m . . . b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ . . . vufzuf&nfaomufrvdkYqdk . . . cPav;yguG . . . igvlwpfa,muf apmifhp&m½Sd

vdkYyg . . . NyD;&if OD;av;BuD;qdkifrSm oGm;xdkifr,fav . . . }}
]]raomufawmhbl;uGm . . . igudpö½SdvdkY . . . }}
]]udpöuvnf; csufcsif;BuD; ay:vmwmygvm; . . . }}

62 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
olYudk pum;jyefajymraeawmh xGufvmcJhonf/ odef;rif;xGef;u ]]awmfawmfaMumifwJhaumif . . . }} [k a&½Gwf&if;
usefcJhonf/
uRefawmfum; reufwkef;u pdwftcefYroifhjzpfcJhwmawG tm;vHk;arhaysmufukefNyD; ZifZif½Sd&modkY pdwfvufayghyg;

vef;qef;pGm csDwufavawmhownf;/
*
(7)
olYudk vGwfoGm;rnfpdk;í bwfpfum; rpD;awmhyJ av;bD;um;wpfpD;udk ½SpfusyfESifhiSm;NyD; oGm;onf/ uHaumif;vkdY
oDoDuav;vGJroGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ausmif;a½SUrSm um;&yfNyD; qif;vkdufonfhtcsdefrSmyif um;rSwfwdkifbufqDokdY avQmufoGm;
aeaom ZifZifhudk aemufrS vSrf;jrifvdkuf&av\/
olYaemufodkY cyfokwfokwfvdkufoGm;onf/
]]ZifZif. . . cPaeygOD; . . . }}
uRefawmfh toHMum;aomtcg vSnfhMunfhrnfjyKNyD;rS rMunfhbJqufavQmufonf/ uRefawmfu olESifh,SOfrDatmif

ajcvSrf;oGuf&\/
]]udk,f ajymyg&apOD; ZifZif&JU . . . }}
olu bmrQrajymbJ cyfjrefjrefom avQmufaeonf/
]]aqm&D;yJaemf . . . udk,f reufu pum;ajymwm enf;enf;vGefoGm;w,f . . . wu,fawmh udk,fowdvpfoGm;wm

yg . . . raeYu reufu ZifZifqD udk,frvmEdkifbl;qdkwm ZifZihfudk wpfenf;enf;eJY taMumif;Mum;zdkYaumif;wmaygh . . .
roum ZifZifwdkYtdrfudk zkef;jzpfjzpfquf&rSmayghaemf . . . }}
olwdkYtdrfudk zkef;qufvQif vlBuD;awG oumFruif;jzpfEdkifonf qdkaom tcsufudkavmavmq,frSm ab;z,fxm;

vkduf&\/ wu,fvnf; qufjzpfcJhonf r[kwf? pum;tjzpfom ajym&jcif;jzpfojzifh ta&;rBuD;? olpdwfajyatmif acsmhzdkY
om y"mejzpfonf/
olu pum;wHkYrjyefbJ ajcaqmifhNyD; avQmufaeovdkjyKjrJ/xdkaMumifh uRefawmfuom pum;quf&\/
]]ckvdk udk,fu bmrStaMumif;rMum;bJ aeawmh ZifZif awmfawmfpdwfylaerSmyJqdkwm udk,fawG;zdkYaumif;w,f . . .

udk,fuvnf; udk,fygyJav . . . }}
[k tjypfwifaom avoHjzifhajymonf/
oluawmh aysmhaysmif;vmrnfh t&dyfvu©Pm rjyao;acs/ uRefawmfuvnf; bmqufajym&rSef;rod jzpfae\/

64 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
'Dxufxyfacsmh&vQif ajcovHk;zufNyD; awmif;yefzdkYom ½Sdawmhonf/
]]udk,fhudk pdwfrqdk;ygeJYawmhaemf . . . }}
[k ajymrnfMuHonf/ xdkpOftcdkufrSmyif olu wpfpHkwpfckudk a&½GwfNyD; vrf;avQmufae&mrS &yfvkduf\/
]]bmvJ[if . . . ZifZif ckeu bmajymwmvJ . . . }}
uRefawmfu oJoJuGJuGJ rMum;vkdufrdojzifh ar;vdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ olu cyfqwfqwfavoHNzifh . . .
]]zdeyf jywfoGm;NyD . . . }} ajymonf/
]][m . . . [kwfvm; . . . b,frSmvJ . . . }}
udkif; . . . uRefawmf raMumifvm;/ zdeyf jywfygw,fqdkrS b,frSmvJ[k ar;&ao;onf/ b,frSm jzpf&rvJ? ajc
axmufrSmayghqdkNyD; acgif;udk a'gifueJ acgufvkdufzdkYyif aumif;ao;awmh/
olYzdeyfu EdkifiHjcm;jzpf ajcn§yfzdeyfjzpfí acgifu jywfxGufoGm;jcif;yif/
uRefawmf aqmifhaMumifhxdkifcsvdkufNyD; acgifjywfaeaom zdeyfonf;BudK;udk aoaocsmcsmMunfhonf/
]]ZifZifhrSm csdwfrygbl;vm; . . . }}
ol acgif;cgjyonf/ uvpfjzpfjzpf? yiftyfjzpfjzpfygvQifvnf; jzpfonf/ bmrQryg? acgifjywfoGm;jcif;jzpfojzifh

tomjyefwnf;NyD; pD;vkdYvnf; r&Edkifacs/
]]'Dvdk vkyfygvm; . . . udk,fhzdeyfudk ZifZifpD;av . . . }}
]]tdk . . . bmqdkifvkdYvJ . . . }}
]]'Dvdkyg . . . ZifZifu udk,fhzdeyfudkpD;NyD; ausmif;xJu jyefapmifhae . . . udk,fu Adkvfwpfaxmifaps;rSm zdeyfwpf&ef

ajy;0,fvdkufr,f . . . }}
]]rjzpfygbl; . . . tMumBumBuD;apmifhae&rSm . . . }}
]]rMumygbl; . . . qdkufum;eJUoGm;rSmaygh . . . }}
]]zdeyfrygyJ oGm;vdkU&rvm; . . . }}
]]&ygw,f . . . udk,foGm;&Jygw,f . . . }}
uRefawmfu zdeyfudk cRwfay;vdkufonf/ uRefawmf zdeyfu ,ltufpf onf;BudK;tao;jzpfojzifh olpD;vQif odyf

Munfh&qdk;rnf r[kwf/
qdkufum;wpfpD;vmojzifh vSrf;wm;vdkufonf/ qdkufum;ay:twufwGif olu . . .
]]tdrfrSm zdeyf½Sdao;w,f . . . taumif;pm; r0,feJYaemf . . . avmavmq,f pD;&&if awmfNyD . . . }} [k ajymvdkuf

onf/
65 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
qdkufum; xGufcGmNyD;rS zdeyftwdkif; ,lvmzdkY owd&ojzifh jyefqif;NyD; jywfaeaom olYzdeyfwpfzufudk ,lvmcJh\/
vrf;usrS zdeyfBuD;wudkifudkifeJY raumif;ygbl;[k pOf;pm;rdojzifh vufjzifhxGmí twkdif;,lNyD; vTifhypfcJh&onf/
aps;a½SUta&mufwGif qdkufum;udkcPapmifhqdkif;xm;NyD; aps;xJjrefjref0ifcJhonf/ teD;qHk;zdeyfqdkifa½SUrSm &yfonf/
zdeyfrygyJ ajcaxmufoufouf 0ifvmonfudk jrifojzifh zdeyfqdkifu aumifrav;u jyHK;pdpdESifh . . .
]]rEåav;zdeyftppfawG ½Sdygw,f . . . apmif;aumuf ,lrvm; . . . jrrmvmvm; . . . vSnf;bD;wdkY a&Tysm;wdkYvnf;

½Sdygw,f . . . }} [kajym\/
uRefawmfu . . . ]]r[kwfygbl; . . . }} qdkNyD; rdef;rpD;zdeyfawGavQmufMunfhae\/ aemuf rdef;rpD;zdeyfwpf&efudk

aumufudkifNyD; wkdif;xGmMunfhaeonf/ qdkif½Sifaumifrav;u aMumifawmifawmifjzpfae\/
uRefawmf vdkcsifaom zdeyfudk aps;ar;onf/ ]]ESpfq,fhudk;usyf . . . }} [kqdk\/
]]ravQmhbl;vm; . . . }}
]]ydkrajymygbl; . . . }}
ta&;BuD;rSef;odí aps;ravQmhyJ xm;wmjzpfrnf/rwwfEdkif/ aiGoHk;q,fay;onf/ jyeftrf;aiGESifh zdeyfudk,lNyD; tjref

jyefxGufcJhonf/
ausmif;udkjyefa&mufí olapmihfaernfh tayguf0em;udk Munfhvkdufaomtcg tajctaeudkodvdkuf&onf/ ZifZif

onf uRefawmfhudk pdwfaumufajyoGm;avNyD/ Munfvif&TifyspGm jyHK;Munhfaeaom olUudk awGUvdkuf&aom aMumifhyif/
tif; . . . 'DtjyHK;av;wpfck&zdkY BudK;pm;vdkuf&wm zwfzwfudk armvkdY/ armwdkif;om vQmu ½SnfxGufvmrnfqdkvQif

uRefawmfhvQmonf eufuwdkifjzpfaeayvdrfhrnfwum;/
rajymyJ raeEdkifojzifh ZifZif pdwfaumufonfh taMumif;udk odef;rif;xGef;tm; ajymjyaomtcg olu . . .
]]rif; rqdk;ygbl; . . . }} [k ajymavonf/ uRefawmfwdkY ESpfa,muftMum;wGif wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf axhcsif

aighcsifonfhtcgrsdK;ü ckvdkyif ]]rif;rqdk;ygbl; . . . }} [kajymavh½Sdonf/ xdkaMumifh uRefawmfu . . .
]]rif;u ighudk&dwmvm; . . . }}
]]r[kwfygbl;uG . . . ig oabmusvkdYyg . . . }}
]]bmudk oabmuswmvJ . . . }}
]]rif;u olYudkacsmhcsifvdkY udk,fhudk,fudk,f r&ru tjypf½SmwJhtaMumif;av . . . bmwJh . . . csdef;xm;wJhaeYrSm rif;

ra&mufoGm;awmh olu rif;twGuf pdwfylaerSmyJwJh [kwfvm; . . . }}
]]at;av . . . igucsdef;xm;NyD; ra&mufvmawmh igrsm; wpfckcktEÅ&m,feJY BuHKae&vm;vdkU pdwfylcsif ylaerSmaygh

. . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;u jyHK;NyD; acgif;wqwfqwf vkyfaeonf/ eHjym;axmywfokwf wpfykdif;udk ,lNyD; pdrfajyeajy 0g;ae

\/
66 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
xdkYaemuf vufzuf&nf wpfiHkiHkNyD;rS . . .
]]NyD;awmh ½Sdao;w,f . . . zdeyf0,fay;wm . . . }}
]]tJ'g bmjzpfvJ . . . 'DvdkrS oGm;r0,f&ifvnf; jzpfrS rjzpfyJ . . . }}
]]at;yg . . . 'gayr,fh tJ'D jrifuGif;udk jrifa,mifMunfhrdvdkUyg . . . rif;zdeyfrygbJ aps;xJ0ifoGm;wm . . . NyD;awmh

zdeyfqdkifa&mufawmh rif;twGuf r[kwfyJ rdef;rpD;zdeyf0,fwm . . . qdkifuvluawmh rif;udk awmfawmfaMumifwJhaumifvkdY
xifrSmyJ . . . tajcmufBuD;vdkY xifcsifvnf; xifoGm;r,f . . . aps;xJu vlawGuawmh rif;yHkudkMunfhNyD; uG,f&mrSm [m;ae
MurSmyJ . . . igawmif pdwful;Munfh½HkeJY awmfawmf&,fcsifw,f . . . a[; . . . a[; . . . }}
olu&,fonf/ uRefawmf wpfcGef;qJvdkuf\/ olu qufajymonf/
]]ZifZifaZmf zdeyfjywfoGm;vdkY rif;ysm,mcwfaeyHkudk awG;Munfh&wmvnf; [m;&wmyJ . . . tJ'DtcsdefrSmom ab;em;

u vlemum;wpfpif; jzwfoGm;&if rif;twif;wm;rSmyJ xifw,f . . . }}
]]bmvkyfzdkYvJ . . . }}
]]ZifZifaZmfhzdeyfudk ta&;ay: vlemXmeydkYzdkYav . . . }}
]]acG;aumif . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;u tm;&yg;& &,fae&mrS uRefawmfhycHk;ukdvSrf;ykwfNyD; . . .
]]rif; rqdk;ygbl; . . . }} [kajymjyefonf/ uRefawmfu . . .
]]rif;aemf . . . rif; . . . igydwfwD;vkdufr,f . . . }}
qdkNyD; vufoD;ESifh½G,fonf/ olu vufjzifhumNyD; . . .
]]ig wu,ftaumif;ajymwmyguGm . . . }}
]]bm taumif;vJ . . . rif; . . . }}
]]ig ajymr,f 0if;udk . . . rif;u wpfcgwpfcg ajymcsifwmpGwfajym . . . vkyfcsifwm pGwfvkyfwufw,fr[kwfvm;

. . . wpfcgwpfav a'gou BuD;csifo;w,f . . . 'Dvkd aumifrsdK;u aumifrav;tay:udk ckvkd vdkufvdkufavsmavsmeJY
tavQmhay; qufqHw,fqdkwm awmf½Hkwef½HkcspfvkdY r[kwfEdkifbl;av . . . aumif;w,f oli,fcsif; . . . qufomvkyf . . . }}
'Daumif uRefawmfhudk aighaewmvm;vkdY rsufESmt&dyftuJ Munfh&ao;onf/ aighwmr[kwf? oltwnfajymaejcif;

jzpfonf/ uRefawmf tm;wufoGm;\/ olu . . .
]]rif;wkdYESpfa,muf ckvdk tqifajyaewm ig0rf;omygw,fuGm . . . ZifZifaZmfu enf;enf;i,fawmh wpfcgwav

uav;qefcsif qefr,f . . . rif;uvnf; txkduftavsmuf &ifhusufaeNyD qdkayr,hf wpfcgwpfcg xif&mjrif&m pGwfvkyf
wwfvkdY igupdk;&drfaewm . . . ckvdkqdkawmh rqdk;ygbl;uG . . . }}
uRefawmfu pm;yGJxdk;udk vSrf;ac:NyD; 'l;,m;wpfyGJrSmvdkufonf/
*
67 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]rif; rqdk;ygbl;uGm . . . }} [k odef;rif;xGef;ajymcJhaom pum;t½Sdefuav;rS rukefcif . . .
wpfaeUoü ZifZifESifh uRefawmf ½kyf½SifMunfhzdkU csdef;xm;onf/ BudKwifvufrSwf 0,fxm;&eftwGuf b,fum;Munfh

csifovJar;awmh . . . ]]pOf;pm;&cufaew,f . . . jrefrmum;vnf; Munfhcsifw,f . . . EdkifiHjcm;um;vnf; Munfhcsifw,f
. . . }} [k qdkonf/
aemufawmh . . . ]]taemf&xmvrf;eJY ql;avbk&m;vrf;axmifhu yef;jcHuav;rSm apmifhae . . . tJ'DusrS b,fum;

Munfhr,fqdkwm qHk;jzwfMur,f . . . }} [koabmwlvdkufMuonf/
xdkaMumifh yef;jcHxJu tkwfcHkrSm 'l;,m;wpfvdyfNyD; wpfvdyfzGm&if;apmifhaeonf/ q,fem&DrcGJcif ta&mufvmrnf[k

qdkojzifh q,fem&Davmufuwnf;u uRefawmf a&mufaeonf/
ol ausmif;rajy;wwfacs/ olESifh uRefawmf awGYMuonfhtcsdefrsm;rSm reufapmapm ausmif;rwufcifESifh ausmif;

qif;csdefwdkYrSmom jzpf\/ ausmif;csdefrsm;wGif ausmif;xJudk uRefawmf odyfroGm;jzpf? b,f&,faMumifhawmh r[kwf/ ausmif;
xJrSmu at;at;aq;aq; pum;ajymvdkY odyfraumif;/ pm;aomufqdkifrSm xdkifvQifyifvl½Iyfojzifh ajym&qdk&wm ouf
awmifhoufomr½Sdacs/ uRefawmfhtaejzifhvnf; ausmif;om;r[kwfawmhojzifh olwdkYMum;rSm a&ma&maESmaESm oGm;vm&wm
wpfrsdK;BuD;jzpfaeaomtaMumif;vnf; ygonf/
olESifh uRefawmfonf um;rSwfwdkifrSm &yfpum;ajym? bk&m;xJu wefaqmif;wpfckckrSm jzpfjzpf? vdyfuef ig;uef

em;rSm jzpfap aecsifae? odkYwnf;r[kwf urf;em;bufvrf;avQmuf/ xdkrQomvQif jzpfMuao;onf/
[kd[kd'D'D avQmufroGm;jzpfMuao;/ vl tvGef½Sif;aom? vGwfvyfrI½Sdaom ae&mrsdK;udk qdkvkdygonf/ ½Sif;½Sif;ajym

&vQif uRefawmf olYudkwpfcgrQ rerf;zl;ao;yg/ ykcHk;uav;udk zufzdkY rqdkxm;ESihf? vufudkawmifrS wpfcg olum;vrf;jzwf
ul;wkef; um;awG½Iyfaeojzifh vSrf;udkifxm;wmavmufom ½SdcJhyg\/ cspfolawGjzpfMuNyDqdkvQif 'Davmufawmh aecsifMuwm
rqef;vSyg/
bmyJjzpfjzpf 'DaeYtzdkYawmh tcGifhta&;&zdkY taMumif;½Sdayonf/ ½kyf½Sifjyaeaom tcsdefqdkvQif arSmifaevdrhfrnf/

tvif;a&mifatmufwGif xifxif½Sm;½Sm;jrifae&aom rsufESmuwpfrsdK;/ tarSmifxJwGif a&;a&;rIefrIefom jrifomaom rsufESm
ukd Munfh&wm tvGefpdwfvIyf½Sm;p&maumif;vdrfhrnf[k awG;qrd\/
vlodyfrrsm;aomZmwfum;udk Munfh&vQif aumif;rnf/ axmifhqHk;cHkudk &Edkifonf/ ½kyf½Sifjyaewkef;rSm

olYvufuav;udk qkyfudkifxm;rnf/ vufz0g;ESpfckMum;rSm acR;awGpdkYvmaomtcg olYykcHk;av;udk zufxm;vdkufrnf/
NyD;awmh . . .
avat;pufaMumifh olYEIwfcrf;av;rsm;onf at;pufaervm;/ odkYwnf;r[kwf aEG;aEG;axG;axG;yif ½Sdaervm;/

i,fi,fu ykPÖ&dyfyef;rsm;rS 0wf&nfrsm;udk pkyf,laqmhupm;&ovdk csdKjraervm;/ tawGYtxdudkaum rSwfrSwfom;om;
cHpm;od½SdEdkifrvm;/ rD;cdk;aiGYrsm;udk awGYxd&ovdk jzpfaerSmvm;/
xdktcdkufwGif tjriftMum;tm½Hkrsm; cPrQ aysmufuG,faevdrfhrnf xifonf/ tcsdefumvqdkonfvnf; r½SdEdkif

awmh[k xifonf/
uRefawmfonf tpOfojzifh pGwfpdkvef;qef;aeaom ol\ EIwfcrf;uav;rsm;udk jrifa,mifaeqJ . . .
]][dwf . . . }}
68 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
xdkac:oHonf 'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf jzpfvdrfhrnf/ yxrac:oHvdkvdk Mum;rdonf/ uRefawmf pdwful;t½Sdef rukefao;
ojzifh vSnfhrMunfhrdjcif; jzpfonf/ ckrS vSnfhMunfhvdkuf&m . . .
uRefawmfonf acsmwdkifxyfzsm; a&mufcgeD;rS atmufudk ½kwfw&uf avQmusovdk cHpm;vkduf&avonf/ pdwful;xJ

u MunfEl;om,mrIawG tm;vHk;b,faysmufukefonf rod/ a'gojzpfovdkvdk 0rf;enf;ovdkvdk bmvdkvdkBuD; jzpfoGm;&\/
taMumif;um; ZifZifESifhtwl rsdK;omuDEG,fESifh pdk;'gvDoG,fwdkY nDtpfrudkyg awGYvkduf&aomaMumifhyif/
]]bmaMumifaewmvJ . . . xav . . . oGm;&atmif . . . }}
ZifZifu owday;awmhrS uRefawmf aMumifpDpD ai;Munfhae&mrS xvkdufonf/ [dknDtpfruawmh wcpfcpf&,foH

rsm;ESifhtwl pwifEIwfqufavonf/
olwdkUuawmh 'DvdkyJ/ r&,fbJESifh pum;rajymwwfawmhbl;vm; rod/ xpfceJqdk &,fvdkufMuonfyif/ ½kyf½Sif½Hk

bufodkY avQmufvmMu&if; uRefawmf ar;onf/
]]bmum; MunfhrSmvJ . . . }}
]]bmMunfh&rSef; rodao;bl; . . . pdwful;xm;wm ½Sdvm; . . . }}
ZifZifu jyefar;onf/
tpuawmh *kPf½Hkuum; Munfhrnf[k pdwful;xm;onf/ [dkESpfa,mufyg ygvmojzifh ½kyf½SifMunfhcsifpdwfawmif

ukefoGm;onf/ xdkUaMumifh . . .
]]bmrSpdwfrul;xm;ygbl; . . . Munfhcsifwm Munfhaygh . . . }} [líom jyefajymvdkufonf/
ZifZifu [dkESpfa,mufbufudk vSnfhar;aejyefonf/ pdk;'gvDoG,fu . . .
]]&J&ifh½Hku um;Munfhr,f . . .}} ajym\/ &J&ifhu um;u tdE´d, ½kyf½Sifum;/
tdE´d, ½kyf½Sifum;awGudk uRefawmfrBudKufbl;[kawmh rqdkvdk? BudKufaom Zmwfum;awG ½Sdygonf/ ck Zmwfum;u

awmh odyfaumif;rnf rxif/
aumif;aumif; raumif;aumif; 'DaeYvdk paeaeYrsdK;wGif vufrSwf &Edkifrnf r[kwf/ r&vnf; wjcm;um;Munfh

wmaygh qdkwmrsdK; vkyfvkdYvnf;rjzpf/
uRefawmhfudk txifao;oGm;rnf/
'DawmhvufrSwfudk tjyifu0,f&rnf/ wpfapmifudk wpfq,favmufawmh ay;&Edkifonf/ av;a,muftwGuf av;

q,f/ ½kyf½SifNyD;vQif pm;MuaomufMuOD;rnf/ a½Tvrif;rSm MumqHcsufESifh vufzuf&nfyJxm;OD;/ ESpfq,favmufukefrnf/
aiGajcmufq,favmufudk uRefawmfu rwwfEdkifbl;awmh r[kwf/ uRefawmfh twdkif;twmESifhqdkvQif wpfaeUwnf;

aiGajcmufq,f oHk;ypfvdkufonfqdkonfrSm rsm;onf[k qdkaumif;qdkEdkifygonf/ wpfzufu Munfhjyefawmhvnf; wpfcgwpf
av vdktyfvQif 'DxufruoHk;Ekdifaom tajctaerSm½Sdonf/
Zmwfum;aumif;wm raumif;wm? ydkufqHukefwm? rukefwm t"du r[kwf/ ydkufqHtukefcH&NyD; ukef&usdK;reyf

jcif;om pdwfysufzdkUaumif;onf/
69 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
ZifZifESifh ESpfa,mufwnf;om Munfh&vdkYuawmh vufrSwfwpfapmif tpdwfqdkvnf; ta&;rBuD;/ ay;aysmfonf/
ck[mu tcsnf;ESD; tusdK;rJhukef&rnfh udpö/
NyD;awmh olwdkYvdk rdef;uav;rsdK;awGrSm tusifhwpfck½Sdwwfonf/ rpm;Edkif raomufEdkifavmufatmif csdKUwJhaewm

vnf; r[kwfyJeJU a,musmf;av;wpfa,mufudk tukeftuscHcdkif;NyD; n§Of;wufonf/ uG,f&musawmh xdktaMumif;udk ajymNyD;
[m;wwf\/ a,musmf;av;awGu aiGvnf; tukefcH&ao;/ iaygBuD;vnf; jzpf&ao;/
uRefawmfu 'grsdK;tjzpfrcHEdkifjcif;yif jzpf\/ odkY&mwGif ckcsdefrSmawmh bmrQ rwwfEdkifawmhyg/ rMunfhawmhbl;? Jyef

r,fqdkNyD; pdwfaumufvkdY&onfvnf; r[kwf/
&J&ifh½Hkudk vSrf;jrifomonfhae&ma&mufuwnf;u wGufudef;rSefaMumif;udk odvdkuf&onf/ ½Hka½SUrSm vlawGu trsm;

BuD;/ vufrSwfukefaeavmufNyD/
vrf;jzwful;zdkY rD;ydGKifhrSm um;t½Sif;udk apmifhaewkef; vlwpfa,muf tem;uyfvmNyD; . . .
]]'DpD ,lrvm; . . . pawm ,lrvm; . . .}} [k cyfwdk;wkd;ar;onf/ uRefawmfu . . .
]]'DpDb,favmufvJ . . . }}
]]q,fhESpfusyf . . . }}
uRefawmfu xifxm;wmxufawmif aps;rsm;aeao;onf/
½kwfw&uf pdwfcsOfaygufvmojzifh . . .
]]'Davmufaps;rsm;ae&ifawmh rjzpfbl; . . . }} [kajymvkdufonf/ vufrSwfa&mif;olu . . .
]]av;apmif,lrSm r[kwfvm; . . . wpfq,feJY,lav . . . }}
uRefawmfu ZifZifhudk ]]b,fvdkvJ . . . }} qdkaom yHkpHjzifh Munfhvdkufonf/ olu 0,fapcsifonfh rsufESmxm;rsdK;

jyojzifh 0,fvkduf&onf/
rdef;uav; oHk;a,mufjcH&HNyD; ½kyf½Sif½Hktay:xyfudk wufvmcJhonf/ uRefawmfhudk,fuRefawmf *sdef;pbGef;[k rxif

rSwfrdyg/ ½kyfjrifoHMum;xJrS rdef;rpHkaxmuf csm;vfpftdef*s,frsm;u zrf;qD;ac:aqmifvmaom w&m;cHwpfOD; yHkpHrsdK;om
aygufaeEdkifayonf/
tukodkvfrsm; vmvdkufvQif taygif;tazmfawGyg ac:vmwufonf[k qdkpum; ½Sdonf/ tqifrajyrIqdkonfrSm

vnf; "mwfqDwef;pDaom um;awGvdk qufwdkuf0ifvmwwfav\/
uRefawmfwdkU ½HkxJa&mufvkdY ae&m,lrnf jyKaomtcgusrS vufrSwfa&mif;wJhaumif ynmjyvTwfvdkufaMumif;

odMu&avonf/
vufrSwfav;apmifrSm eHygwfuawmh qufvsufyif jzpfonf/ tdkifig;rS ½Spftxd/ odkY&mwGif xdkifcHkawGuawmh wpf

qufwnf; r[kwf/ ig;? ajcmuf? ckESpf NyD;awmh rif;vrf;jcm;onf/ NyD;rS tdkif½Spf/
'Dawmh olwdkYoHk;a,mufu wpfwGJxdkif? uRefawmfu rif;vrf;jcm;xm;aom [dkbufu tdkif½SpfrSm oGm;xdkif½Hkom

½Sdawmhwmaygh/
70 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
'gwifruao;? uRefawmf xdkif&aom xdkifcHku wjcm; ab;ucHkawGxuf edrfhaeonf/ jzpfyHku [dkt&if ½Hkp
aqmufpOfu 'DcHkae&m½Sd[efrwl/ ausmbufu 0ifaygufESifh rvGwfwvGwfjzpfaeí 'Dae&mudk vTwfxm;yHk&onf/ aemuf
awmhrS 'DcHkudk xyfwdk;xm;jcif;jzpfvdrfhrnf/ atmufcH tkwfcHkwef;u b,fbufcHkeHygwfudk;txdom ½Sdonf/ xdkUaMumifh uRef
awmfxdkif&aom cHkeHygwf½SpfrSm atmufcHktkwfcHkay:rSm r[kwfbJ tjcm;cHkrsm;xuf edrfhaejcif;yif jzpfavonf/
'gudk olwdkYoHk;a,mufuvnf; owdxm;rdonf/ [dknDtpfrESpfa,mufu olwdkUcsif;ajymvdkuf? wcpfcpf&,fvkduf?

uRefawmfhudk uGufMunfhuGufMunfhvkyfvkduf jzpfae\/ ZifZifawmifrS raeEdkifbJ jyHK;pdpdvkyfaeonf/
uRefawmfonf olrsm;ESifh wef;wlydkufqHay;xm;&NyD;rS olrsm;xufedrfhNyD; xdkif&ojzifh tawmf atmifhoufoufjzpf

ae&onf/ wu,fqdkvQif uRefawmfuawmif olrsm;xuf ydkay;xm;&ao;onf/ ig;usyfudk wpfq,fay;cJh&onf r[kwf
vm;/
odkUjzpfí rD;awGrdSwfNyD; ½kyf½Sifpjyonfhwdkif Zmwfvrf;xJrSm pdwfr0ifpm;Edkifawmhacs/ Zmwfum;uvnf; uRefawmf

odyfrBudKuf/ rif;orD;u pwdwf½dI;vdkvdk bmvdkvdkeJY oDcsif;qdkNyD; u&mwGif tdE´d,tu r[kwfacs/ abmif;bDzifusyf0wfNyD;
xdk;xdk;wGefYwGefYjcif; jzpfonf/
'DMum;xJrSm uRefawmfhab;rSm xdkifaom t&mBuD;wpfa,mufu uRefawmhfykcHk;udk wdkYwdkYNyD; tJ'gu bmajymwmuG?

awGUvm; . . . a[m . . . ponfjzifh bmomjyefaeao;onf/
uRefawmfuvnf; pdwfnpfvmojzifh e*dku edrfhaeaom xdkifcHkwGif aemufrSDudk acgif;wifí cyfavQmavQmxdkifvkduf

aomtcg bmrQ rjrif&awmhacs/ t&mBuD;\ owif; bmomjyefjyaeonfh&efukdvnf; umuG,f&ef rsufpdrSwfNyD; tdyfcsif
a,mifaqmifaevdkuf&onf/
uRefawmfum; pdwfyifyef;qif;&JrIudk arSmifcdkrS aps;BuD;ay;í 0,fcJholomwnf;/
*
½kyf½SifMunfhonfhudpöESifhywfowfí ZifZifu . . .
]]aqm&D;yJ udkudk&,f . . . ausmif;ydwf&ufBuD;qdkawmh tdrfuwpfa,mufwnf; xGufvdkYr&bl; . . . 'gaMumifh rsdK;om

uDwdkYudk tultnDawmif;&wmav . . . olwdkYvmac:awmh tdrfuxGufvdkY tqifajyoGm;wmaygh . . . tpuawmh olwkdYu
tdrfu ac:xkwfay;½HkygyJ . . . aemufrS olwdkYvnf; ½kyf½SifMunfhcsifw,fqdkvdkY ac:vm&wm aqm&D;aemf . . . }}
rsufvHk;uav; ayuvyfayuvyf? EIwfcrf;uav;udk jyHK;a,mifjyKNyD; uRefawmhfykcHk;udk wkdYum wdkYum ajym

vkdufaomtcg uRefawmf\ rauseyfrIrsm;onf yaysmufukefNyD;vQif . . .
]]&ygw,f . . . }} [k jyefajymrdvdkufavonf/
þodkYjzifh uRefawmf\ cEDÅyg&rDrSm wqifhwdk;í &ifhusufvmcJhjyefonf/ xdktaMumif;awG odef;rif;xGef;udk jyefajymjy

vQif ]]rif;rqdk;ygbl; . . . }} [ktajymcH&rnfrSm aocsmonf/
ZifZifu uRefawmfhudk tavQmhay;onfhtaejzifh wpfckvdkufavsmonf/ uRefawmfwdkYtdrfudk vdkufvnfNyD; rrwl;

ESifhawGYzdkU oabmwlvdkufjcif;yifjzpfonf/
71 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
olYudk uRefawmf oabmusonfh tcsufwpfcsuf½Sdonf/ olonf acwfrdef;uav;yDyD 0wfpm;qif,if ajymqdkaexdkif
aomfvnf; £ajEódu©mrrJhjcif;yifjzpfonf/ vljywfaom? vGwfvyftm;vGef;BuD;aom ae&mrsm;rSm uRefawmfhudk awGYcGifhray;/
olYudk erf;cGifhr&ao;onfudkyifMunfh/
uRefawmfwdkYtdrfudk vmvnfzdkYudpörSmvnf; uRefawmfu nmac:avovm;[k r,Hkr&J jzpfcJhao;onf/
]]tdrfrSm rrwl;vnf; ½SdrSmyg ZifZif&JU . . . udk,fcPcPajymzl;w,f r[kwfvm; . . . rrwl;u ZifZifhudk awGUzl;

csifaew,fvdkY . . . aemufNyD; udk,fholi,fcsif; odef;rif;xGef;eJUcifav;wdkUvnf; vmvdrfhr,f . . . }} [k ajymawmhrS olvuf
cHonf/
xdkYaMumifh ZifZifonf olYudk,fol wefzdk;xm;wwfaom rdef;uav;rSef; aumif;aumif;odomyg\/
'Dwpfcgawmh olYtdrfuxGufEdkifzdkYudk uRefawmfuyif wm0ef,lvdkuf&onf/ odef;rif;xGef;\ aumifrav;jzpfaom

cifav;udk ZifZifwdkYtdrfodkY vTwfvdkuf\/ olu oli,fcsif;wpfa,muf aq;&Hkwifxm;&ojzifh oGm;Munfh&ef[k
taMumif;jyNyD; ZifZifhudk ac:xkwfvmcJhonf/
uRefawmfESifh odef;rif;xGef;wdkUu vrf;uapmifhaeNyD; tdrfudk twlvmcJhMuonf/ ZifZifvmrnfh taMumif; rrwl;udk

BudKwifajymrxm;cJhacs/ ajymxm;NyD;rS ZifZifrvmjzpfrSm pdk;í jzpfonf/
uRefawmfwdkUudk jrifaomtcg rrwl;u ½kwfw&uf tHhMooGm;onf/ NyD;awmh 0rf;omtm;& BudKqdkElwfquf\/
]][,f . . . nDrwdkYvnf; ygvmMuwmudk; . . . vmMu . . . vmMu . . . }}
[k Elwfqufpum;ajym&if; ZifZifhudk wpfcsuftuJcwfMunfhonf/ ZifZifu vlBuD;wpfa,mufESifh awGY&rSmrdkY

vm;awmh rod? twufEdkifqHk; cyf½dk;½dk; jyifqifvmcJhonf/ xdktcgusrSyif ydkí vSaeavawmhonf/
olu rrwl;udk jyHK;jyvdkufonf/ xdktjyHK;uaumif;aumif;BuD; qGJaqmifrI½SdoGm;\/ rrwl;auseyftm;&oGm;yHk&onf/
]]uJ xdkifMuOD; . . . }}
[k ajymNyD; rrwl; tdrftwGif;buf 0ifoGm;onf/ uRefawmfwdkYcsnf; usefcJhaomtcg odef;rif;xGef;u cifav;udk

...
]]uJ. . . wdkUvnf; oGm;Mu&atmif . . . }}
ZifZifu ]]b,foGm;rSmvJ . . . }} ar;onf/
]]igwdkY wm0efu ZifZifaZmfhudk tdrfuae ac:xkwfay;zdkY r[kwfvm; . . . ckawmh igwdkU wm0ef ukefNyDav . . .
'Dawmh oGm;Mu½Hkom ½Sdwmaygh . . . }}
]][if tpu olajymawmh . . . }}
ZifZifu uRefawmhfbuf vSnfhMunfhonf/ uRefawmfu &,faevdkuf\/
]][kwfvm;[if rr . . . }}
cifav;ukd ar;jyefonf/ cifav;u jyHK;ae\/ odef;rif;xGef;u . . .
72 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]'gxHk;pHyJ ZifZifaZmf& . . . 'DvdkyJ a½Smifay;Mu&w,fav . . . Munfhae . . . rrwl;uvnf; jyefxGufvmrSm r[kwf
awmhbl; . . . olUtcef;xJatmif;NyD; pmzwfaeawmhrSm . . . }}
]][if 'Dvdkqdk Zifvnf;jyefr,f}} qdkNyD; x&yfvdkufonf/
uRefawmfu . . .
]]tvum;ajymwmyg ZifZif&m . . . 'Daumifaemufaewmyg . . . }}
]]tr,f . . . a[haumif . . . aemufwmr[kwfbl; . . . cifav;eJY ig 'Dudkvmwkef;uvnf; 'DvkdyJr[kwfvm; . . .

rif;av . . . vufzuf&nfoGm;0,fOD;r,fqdkNyD; xGufoGm;wm naeusrS jyefvmw,f r[kwfvm; . . . }}
cifav;u . . . ]]ol awmfawmfrsufESmajymifw,f . . . }} qdkum odef;rif;xGef;vufarmif;udk qGJqdwfonf/ ZifZifh

rsufvHk;av; uv,fuv,f jzpfaewkef; rrwl;u bmvD&nfzefcGufrsm;jzifh {nfhcef;xJ jyef0ifvmonf/ vifyef;udk pm;yGJ
ay:csNyD; . . .
]]uJ aomufvkdufMuOD; . . . }}
]]rrwl;u jyefxGufrvmawmhbl; rSwfaewm . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;u apmapmu pum;t"dyÜm,fudk qufí ajymonf/ rrwl;u bmrQrodojzifh . . .
]]at;uG,f a&cJu aumif;aumif; rcJwufao;vkdU apmifhae&wmeJU enf;enf;MumoGm;w,f}}
uRefawmfu jyHK;pdpdvkyf&if; ZifZifhudk vSrf;Munfhonf/ ZifZifu uRefawmfhudk olrsm;awGrjrifatmif

rsufapmif;wpfcsuf tvsiftjrefxdk;vkdufonf/
]]0if;udkwdkY vkyfvdkuf&if tJ'DvdkBuD;yJ vmr,fqdkvnf; BudKBudKwifwif ajyma&maygh . . . wpfckckpm;zkdY pDpOfxm;&wm

aygh . . . }}
rrwl;u ajym&m odef;rif;xGef;u . . .
]][m . . . ckvnf; &ygw,f . . . xrif;avmufawmh auR;EdkifrSmaygh . . . }}
]]at; [kwfw,f . . . xrif;pm;Muaygh . . . rrwl;vuf&mav;vnf; jrnf;Munfh&wmaygh . . . }}
]]bmcsufovJ rrwl; . . . }} [kodef;rif;xGef;u pyfpkaejyefonf/
]]0ufom;udk o&ufoD;oeyfeJY csufw,f . . . NyD;awmh rkefvmOcsOfa&&,f? c&rf;csOfoD;? iydcsuf&,f . . . }}
pm;&ifawmh b,fvdkaernf rod/ Mum;½HkESifhyif oGm;awGusdef;vmonf/ rrwl;u 'DvdkyJ/ wpfcgwav

pdwful;wnfh&mawG avQmufvkyfwwfonf/ [if;pyfwnfhrSef; rod/ rwnfhrSef;rod/
]]awmfawmf cHwGif;vdkufrSmyJaemf . . . }} [k odef;rif;xGef;u yifhay;onf/ 'gudk rodyJ . . .
]][,f ckrS owd&w,f . . . ykef;&nfBuD;vnf; ½Sdao;w,f . . . okwfvkduf&if . . .}}
73 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]][m rrwl;uvnf; . . . xrif;rauR;ygeJY . . . xrif;u olwdkUtdrfrSmvnf; pm;ae&wmyJ . . . rav;½Sm;acgufqGJ
0,fauR;vdkufyghr,f . . . }} [k uRefawmfu tvsiftjref 0ifajymvkduf&onf/
]]'gqdk igeJYcifav; oGm;0,fvdkufr,fuGm . . . naepmrDatmif jyefvmcJhyghr,f . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;u ZifZifhukd xyfpjyefonf/ 'Dwpfcgawmh prSef;odojzifh ZifZifu jyHK;½HkomjyHK;aevdkufonf/
rrwl;uawmh bmrSef;rodyJ . . .
]][m r[kwfwm . . . rif;wdkY oli,fcsif;ESpfa,muf oGm; 0,fMu . . . }} [k ajymojzifh &,fMu&\/
uRefawmfESifh odef;rif;xGef;wdkY rav;½Sm;acgufqGJ0,f&efxGufvmMuonf/ vrf;wGif odef;rif;xGef;u . . .
]]rrwl;u ZifZifaZmfhudk awmfawmfoabmusaeyHk&w,fuG . . . }}
]]at;uG . . . igvnf; owdxm;rdw,f . . . }}
]]rif; aumifrav;u rqdk;bl;aemf . . . vlBuD;awGudk b,fvdkqufqH&r,fqdkwm odaew,f . . . }}
]]olu BuD;awmfeJY ae&wmudk; . . . tbGm;BuD;u oifxm;rSmaygh . . . olYyifudkuvnf; ,Ofaus;odrfarGYwJh

ADZygrSmyg . . . }}
]]rif;uawmhuGm . . . enf;enf;av; tuGuf&vdkufwmeJY pGwfwifawmhyJudk; . . . }}
uRefawmfwdkYem;rSm pm;aomufqdkifwpfqdkif½Sdonf/ qdkifBuD; r[kwfaomfvnf; tpm;taomufrqdk;vSacs/ rav;½Sm;

acgufqGJaMumf ig;xkyfESifh q,fhESpfrsdK;[if;csdK0,fonf/
]]'D&ufydkif; rif;bwf*suf awmfawmfxdaeNyDaygh . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;u ½kyf½SifMunfhonfh udpöudkyg &nf½G,fí ajymonf/
]]'DaeYawmh igrxdygbl;uGm . . . rrwl; xdwm . . . acgufqGJaMumf0,fzkdY ydkufqHu olay;vkdufwmav . . . }}
uRefawmfwdkYtdrfjyefta&mufwGif tajctaeu xifxm;wm xufawmifydkNyD; pdkjynfaewm awGY&\/
rrwl;u olESifhudkaqGwdkY r*Fvmaqmifwkef;u "mwfyHkawGxnfhxm;aom t,fvfbrfudk xkwfjyaeonf/ ZifZifu

yHkawGMunfhNyD; . . .
]][,f . . . rrwl;u vSvdkufwm . . . t½kyfuav;usaewmyJ . . . }} [kajymonf/
rrwl;rSm oabmawGusNyD; . . .
]]at;uG,f . . . tckrS tpm;taomufrqifjcifvkdU enf;enf;0vmwm . . . tJtcsdefwkef;u ydefydefav;&,f . . . }}
[k jyHK;jyHK;BuD;ajym&if; auseyfae\/ cifav;u odef;rif;xGef;udk MunfhNyD; rsufpdrSwfjyonf/
rrwl;u t,fvfbrfwpfae&mudk vSefjyNyD;
]]'g 0if;udk yHkav . . . rrwdkU r*Fvmaqmifwkef;u ol q,fwef;atmifpyJ ½Sdao;w,f . . . }}

74 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
ZifZifu aoaocsmcsmMunfhNyD; uRefawmfhudk vSrf;ajymonf/
]]tJ'Dwkef;u olYyHku uav;½kyf raysmufcsifao;bl; . . . }}
]]ckvnf; rBuD;ao;ygbl; . . . ½kwfw&uf Munfh&if ZifZifeJY½G,fwlavmuf xif&w,f . . . }}
uRefawmfu jyefajymvkduf&m rrwl;u . . .
]]tr,f igharmifuvnf; Ekygw,faemf . . . [kwfw,f r[kwfvm; nDr . . . }}
ZifZifhudk ar;onf/ odef;rif;xGef;ESifh uRefawmf wpfa,mufudk wpfa,mufMunfh&if; jyHK;rdMu\/ rrwl;ESifhZifZifwdkY

awmfawmfav; ajyvnfrI&aewm aocsmaeavNyD/
pm;Mu aomufMuaomtcgwGifvnf; rrwl;onf ZifZihfudk t&dyfwMunfhMunfhESifh ½Sdae\/ olUpdwfxJwGif awmf

awmf oabmusauseyfojzifh ZifZifhudk t&rf; *½kpdkufaeonf/
]]nDr [if;csdKav; aomufvkdufOD;av? MuufoGefcsOfav;eJUpm; 'grS ttDajyoGm;rSm}}
ZifZifhudkcsnf; *½kpdkufaeojzifh cifav;udk tm;awmifemrdonf/ cifav;u em;vnfrI½Sdí awmfao;onf/
odef;rif;xGef;uawmh . . .
]]pm;av cifav;? rukefEkdif&ifvnf; ajymaemf? usefwm udk,fpm;ypfvkdufr,f}} rrwl;udk apmif;í ponf/
rrwl;u uRefawmfhudk,fpm; ZifZifhudk *½kpdkufaeojzifh uRefawmf taejzifh bmrQ vkyfcGifhr&atmifyif ½Sdaeavonf/

bmyJjzpfjzpf pm;0dkif;aomuf0dkif;onf aysmfp&maumif;aeonfawmh trSefyif/
pm;aomufNyD;aomtcg ZifZifESifh cifav;wdkYu yef;uefawG ulo,fay;onf/ rrwl;u . . .
]]aeygap . . . rrwl;bmom vkyfyghr,f . . . }} [kajymonfudk r&/ twif;yif 0ifulavonf/
]]rr at;aq;aeyg . . . yef;uefawG ZifwdkYaq;vdkufr,f . . . }} [k ZifZifu ajymonf/
]]tdk r[kwfwmuG,f . . . tm;emp&mBuD; . . . }}
]]tm;em&atmif {nfhonfawGrS r[kwfwm . . . }}
[k cifav;u taESmifhtoGm;rvGwfajymawmh ZifZifu ½SufjyHK;jyHK;onf/
]]vkyfygap rrwl;&JU . . . }} uRefawmfu ajymonf/
]]uJ 'gqdkvnf; vkyfMuayawmh . . . rrwl; aumfzDazsmfvkdufOD;r,f . . . ttDpm pm;NyD;&if tat;aomufwm

raumif;bl; . . . ylylav; aomufvkdufrS tpmaMuwm . . . }}
rrwl;u aMumiftdrfudkzGifhNyD; eufpfaumfzDbl; topfazmufonf/ ZifZifESifh cifav;wdkYu yef;uefawGaq;Muonf/

rrwl;u aumfzDazsmfae&mrS olwkdYbufudk rsufpypfNyD; jyHK;jyonf/ odef;rif;xGef;u a&aEG;Murf;wpfcGufudk iSJUaomuf&if;
...
75 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]w,f[kwfygvm;uG . . . }} [k wkd;wdk;ajym\/
]]'gayghuG . . . aemufqdk 'DtdrfrSm olvmaerSm r[kwfvm; . . . ckuwnf;u &if;&if;ESD;ESD;aexm;awmh [dktcgus&if

ydkNyD; tqifajywmaygh . . . }}
]]at;uG . . . [kwfw,f . . . tpuawmh enf;enf;rsm; uav;qefrvm;vkdY . . . ckawmh . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef; pum;rS rqHk;cif ]]cvGrf}} qdkaom wpfpHkwpf&m usuGJoH Mum;vdkuf&onf/ uRefawmf? odef;rif;xGef;?
rrwl;wkdY toHMum;&modkU jydKifwlMunfhrdMu\/
ZifZifhvufxJu yef;uefvHk;onf qyfjymawGESifhacsmNyD; usuGJoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ xdkyef;uefvHk;rSm udkaqG a[mif

aumifu ygvmonfh taumifpm; [if;&nfaomuf aBuGyef;uefvHk;/ rrwl;u w½kdwaoodrf;xm;NyD; ckrS ZifZifhrsufESmESifh
xkwfoHk;jcif;jzpfonf/
ZifZifu yg;pyfuav;[NyD; yef;uefuGJp wpfpudk a,mifNyD; aumufudkifonf/ rrwl;u . . .
]]&ygw,fuG,f . . . }}
[k ESajrmaomfvnf; [efvkyfjyHK;xm;onfh rsufESmBuD;jzifh ajymonf/ ZifZifu vQmuav; wpfvpfvkyfNyD; Zwfudk

ykí uRefawmfhudk vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/
uRefawmhf rsufESmum; . . . ]]cJavorQ uGJacsy[ . . . }} qdkwmrsdK; jzpfaumif;jzpfaervm; rod/

*
(8)
]]aqm&D;yJ udkudk&,f . . . }} [k olajymonf/ uRefawmfwdkYtdrf vmvnfwkef;u yef;uefvHk;usuGJonfhudpötwGuf

ajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ ]]aqm&D;yJ udkudk&,f . . . }} qdkonfrSm ol uRefawmfhudk ajymaeuspum;vdk jzpfaeNyD/ uRefawmfuvnf;
xHk;pHtwdkif; . . .
]]&ygw,f . . . }}
]]rrwl;u Zifhudk awmfawmfpdwfqdk;rSmyJaemf . . . yef;uefu taumif;pm;r[kwfvm;? awmfawmfay;&r,fxifw,f
. . . }}
]]rrwl;u pdwfrqdk;ygbl; . . . }}
uRefawmfu olpdwfcsrf;omatmif nmajymjcif;r[kwf? rrwl;onf yef;uefvHk;udk ESajrmaomfvnf; ZifZifhudk
tjypfrjrifacs/ rawmfwq usuGJwmyJ[k cGifhvTwfonf/
]]pdwfrqdk;wJhtjyif ZifZifhudkawmif tm;emaeao;w,f . . . }}
]]ZifZif pdwfraumif;bl; . . . odvm; . . . tJ'Dvdk yef;uefawG bmawGusuGJw,fqdkwm raumif;bl; r[kwfvm;
. . . }}
]]ZifZifu tJ'gawG ,HkvdkYvm; . . . }}
]],Hkw,fawmh r[kwfygbl; . . . vlBuD;awG ajymwm Mum;zl;vkdY . . . }}
]]tvum;yguGm . . . 'gawG acgif;xJrxm;prf;ygeJY . . . ZifZifhudk udk,far;p&mwpfck½Sdao;w,f . . . tdrfrSmaum
ZifZif tdrftvkyfawG ulvkyf&JUvm; . . . }}
]]BuD;arua&m rrua&m Zifhudk bmrSvnf; vkyfrcdkif;bl; . . . }}
]]rckdif;ayr,fh ZifZifu 0ifulaygh . . . }}
olu&,fí . . .
]]BuD;aru ajymw,f . . . nnf;bmom at;aq;aeprf;yg[,f . . . nnf;0ifulwm ydkqdk;w,fwJh . . . }}
77 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]'Dvdkvnf; b,f[kwfyghrvJ . . . 'DvdkyJ vkyf&if;udkif&if;eJY wjznf;jznf; wwfoGmwmaygh . . . }}
]][dkwpfcgwkef;uaygh . . . BuD;arudk rD;zdkxJrSm 0ifulwm a*:zDxkyfvSD;&if; vuf"m;½SoGm;vkdY . . . aoG;awGudk
wtm;xGufwmyJ . . . tJ'Duwnf;u BuD;aru bmrS rcdkif;awmhwm . . . }}
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]]bmvJ . . . }}
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]]udkudku bmudkqdkvdkwmvJ . . . }}
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]]ZifZif cefYrSef;Munfhaygh . . . jzpfvmEdkifwJh tvm;tvmudk . . . }}
]][ifhtif; . . . rcefYrSef;wwfbl; . . . tJ'Davmuftxd ½Snf½Snfa0;a0;vnf; Zif rawG;csifbl; . . . }}
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]]jzpfrS jzpfrvmao;wJh[mudk BudKwifpOf;pm;NyD;awmh bmvkyf&rSmvJ . . . }}
]]oabmwlr,f rwlbl;qdkwm odrSrod&ao;wmyJ udkudk&,f . . . BudKNyD;ylaevdkY tydkaygh . . . Zifawmhav . . . vuf
xyfwJhudpöudk wpfcgrS rpOf;pm;MunfhcJhzl;bl; . . . }}
79 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
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oufoufyJvm; . . . }}
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*
uRefawmfonf ZifZifhudk enf;enf;awmh em;vnfvmNyD[k qdk&ayvdrfhrnf/
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EdkifMuolrsm; jzpfonf/ um;0,fpD;rnfqdkvQif pD;Edkifonfh tajctaerSm½Sdonf/
ZifZifu ti,fqHk;jzpfí tm;vHk;u tvdkvdkufxm;onf/ 'DMum;xJ BuD;a':BuD;u ZifZifhudk tvGefcspfonf/
enf;enf;rS tjidKjiifrcHatmifxm;onf/ xdkYaMumifh olu qdk;csifonf/
NyD;awmh pdwfaumufwmudk 0goemygonf/ bmr[kwfwmav;ESifh pdwfaumufcsif aumufaewwfonf/ olESifhcsdef;
xm;NyD;rS ta&;ay:udpöaMumifh roGm;jzpfojzifh yxrtBudrf pdwfaumufonfrSpí 'kwd,tBudrf? wwd,tBudrf? aemuf
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aeygNyD/
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]]ZifZif pdwfraumufwm awmfawmfMumNyDaemf}} [kponf/
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pdwfaumufjcif;qdkonfrSm wefaqmifwdkifrD;xGef;yGJvdk b,fESpfBudrfajrmuf[lí *kPf,laMumfjimzdkY aumif;onfawmh
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odaeovdk olpdwfaumufvmvQif b,fvdk acsmh&rnf[k odae\/
olpdwfaumufNyDqdkvQif cPavmufMumatmif acsmhvdkuf? pdwfaumuf½Sdefenf;enf; avQmhvmNyDqdk olUudk rcHcsif
atmifp&onf/ olu uRefawmfhausmukef;udk xkcsifxk? vufarmifudk qGJvdrfcsifvdrfvdrfhrnf/
]][m emw,f ZifZif& . . . rvkyfygeJUuG . . . }}
[k uRefawmfu ajym&onf/
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wwf/ pdwfaumufNyD; pdwfajyoGm;onfESifh olbmrQrjzpfcJhovdk aysmf½Tif&,farmaewwf\/
olYtouft½G,fESifhpmvQif olYtjyKtrlu wpfcgwpfcg uav;qefaeonf[k qdk&rnf/ 'guawmh olae&aom ywf
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refppfAdkvfawG? jrif;pD;a*smfuDawG0wfaom abmif;bDrsdK; 0wfMu\/ csmvDabmif;bDqdkyJ/
ykqdk;usawmhvnf; t&ifu tuGufpdyfuav;awGom 0wfMuonf/ tuGufusJusJ 0wfolrsm;rSm bmblukvm;BuD;
rsm;ESifh tbdk;BuD;rsm;omjzpf\/ cktcgwGifum; ykqdk;uGufusJBuD;rsm;rS acwfrDovdkjzpfaeavonf/
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. . . }} [k a0zefonf/
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abmif;bDuawmh uRefawmf 0wfavhr½Sdojzifh ta&;rBuD;/ oluvnf; abmif;bD0wfyg[lí rwdkufwGef;acs/
uRefawmfESifh abmif;bDrvdkufaMumif;? 0wfvkdufvQif yHkvmrnf r[kwfaMumif; olodaeaomaMumifhjzpfEdkifonf/
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********
olYoli,fcsif;awGESifh ywfowfí uRefawmf odyf oabmrusvSyg/ txl;ojzifh rsdK;omuDEG,fESifh pdk;'gvDoG,f/
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at;at;aq;aq; vGwfvGwfvyfvyf pum;rajym&awmh/ uRefawmfwdkY oGm;av&modkY wwef;wef;vkdufaeawmhonf/
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uRefawmfodonf/ auR;vnf;auR;&ao;? uG,f&musvQif uRefawmfhudk [m;vdrfhOD;rnf/
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jzpfjzpf ZifZifuawmh olwdkYESifh raygif;bJ raeEdkif/
82 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
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uRefawmfu aumuf,lNyD; a&ajrmif;xJ ypfxnfhvdkufonf/
olwdkYu uRefawmfh tjyKtrludkMunfhí jyHK;onf/ tydkawGvkyfw,f[k ,lq[efwlonf/ uRefawmhftzdkYawmh i,fi,f

uwnf;u tusifhygaejcif; jzpf\/
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onf;aeMuonf/
xdkwdwfacGudk uRefawmfvnf; Munfhzl;ygonf/ *sufqif\ ajcaxmufturSm xl;jcm;qef;opfNyD; MunfhvdkYaumif;

onfrSm trSefyif/ csD;vnf;csD;usL;rdygonf/ odkY&mwGif aqGYaqGYckefavmufatmifawmh rjzpfoifh/ tarwdkY wzGzGajymaeqJ
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ajcaxmuftuawGom *kPf,lxkdufonf[k xifyg\/
olwdkYu tqdkawmf bGdKif;a*smh rdef;rvdk0wfNyD; pwdwf½dI;xGufonfudk rMunfhzl;wm emavjcif;[k wufwacguf

acguf jzpfae½Smonf/
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(9)
olYoli,fcsif;awGeJY ywfowfNyD; olESifhuRefawmf tacstwifajymMu&ao;onf/

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csif;twGuf rdbudkyif tefwkwmrsdK;yif½dSwwf\/
cspfolESifh oli,fcsif; ,SOfvmaomtcgusawmhaum/
uRefawmfht,ltquawmh cspfoltay: OD;pm;ay;rdonhftwGuf oli,fcsif;u em;vnf cGifhvTwfEdkif&ayrnf/
olUoli,fcsif;awGu 'DvdkudpörsdK;wGif odyfem;vnfrI½Sd[efrwlacs/ uRefawmfu olwdkUvufxJrS ZifZifhudk vk,lzdkY
BudK;pm;aeonf[k xifovm;rod/
wpfcgwav uRefawmfESifh csdef;xm;rSef;odvsifESifh wjcm;wpfae&modkY r&ru ac:oGm;wwfonf/ xdktcgrsdK;wGif
uRefawmfu rausreyfajymaomtcg . . .
]]olwdkYu twif;ac:aeawmhvnf; tm;emwmeJY . . . aemuf olwdkYeJY rvdkuf&if jyóem½SmrSm . . . }} [k oluajym
onf/
]]ZifZifu olwkdYudkaMumufvkdYvm; . . . }}
uRefawmfu ar;onf/
]]aMumufw,fvdkYawmh b,f[kwfrvJ udkudk&,f . . . oli,fcsif;awG jzpfaeawmhvnf; . . . }}
]]udk,fuvnf; ZifZif&JUcspfolqdkwm owdxm;prf;ygOD; . . . }}
]][kwfygw,f? 'gayr,hf udkudkyJ wpfcgajymzl;w,fav? vlqdkwm wpfa,mufwnf;aevdkUr&bl;/ taygif;toif;
ywf0ef;usifqdkwm &Sdao;w,fqdk}}
wpfcgu olESifhcsdef;NyD;rS ta&;ay:udpö ay:vmojzifh roGm;jzpfojzifh olpdwfaumuf&mwGif uRefawmfajymonfh
pum;jzifh jyefvnfacsyonf/
]]ZifZifhudk udk,fwpfckar;r,f . . . oli,fcsif;awGeJY udk,feJY b,folYudkykdcspfovJ . . . }}
]]tdk udkudkuvnf; . . . 'gEdIif;p&mrS r[kwfwm . . . tcspfcsif; rwlbl;av . . . oli,fcsif;udkcspfwmu ig;&mESpf
q,fh½Spf . . . udkudkYudk cspfwmu axmifhig;&m r[kwfvm; . . . }}
'Dvdkae&mrsdK;usawmhvnf; olu wwfodem;vnfrI½Sdaejyefonf/
84 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]udk,fwpfckajymr,f . . . oli,fcsif;qdkwm tckom aygif;oif;aeMuwm . . . aemufusawmh uGJukefMurSmyJ . . .
udk,fuawmh ZifZifeJY wpfoufvHk; wlwlaeoGm;&rSmyg . . . }}
]]olwdkYuvnf; ZifeJYaygif;oif;vmwm MumNyDyJ . . . ypfypfcgcg vkyfvkdYb,f&rvJ . . . wu,fqdk&if udkudkeJYu
aemufrSawGYwm . . . olwdkYeJYu t&ifawGYwmvdkYawmif ajymvdkY&w,fav . . . }}
enf;enf;awmh atmifhoGm;onf/ b,foleJY,SOf,SOf udk,fhcspfolu udk,fhudkom OD;pm;ay;apcsifonfrSm obm0us
ygonf/ olu &,f&,farmarm aemufajymifovdkajymaejcif;aMumifhom uRefawmf a'gojzpfroGm;jcif; jzpf\/
]]'DvdkudpörsdK;rSm b,folu t&ifqdkNyD; wdkuif,lzdkY vkdao;ovm; . . . }}
ol &,fonf/
]][kwfw,fav . . . arG;uwnf;u oduRrf;NyD; twlwlaevmcJhwJh udk,fhrdbudkawmif cGJcGmNyD; cspfoleJY wpfoufvHk;
aeoGm;&rSm r[kwfvm; . . . uJ . . . udk,far;ygOD;r,f . . . wu,fvdkY udk,fhudk tqufjzwfrvm; . . . oli,fcsif;awGudk
tqufjzwfrvm;qdkwJh tajctaersdK; a&mufvm&if ZifZif bmudka&G;rvJ . . . }}
]]'gu jzpfEdkifp&mrS r½Sdwm . . . }}
]]wu,fvdkY jzpfvmr,f qdk&ifaum . . . }}
]]jzpfrS rjzpfao;wm . . . jzpfvmwJhtcgusrS pOf;pm;&rSmaygh . . . }}
]]aMomf . . . ZifZifu udk,fhudk ckxd cspfolwpfa,mufvkdY jynfhjynfh00 rowfrSwfao;bl;aygh . . . }}
]]bmqdkifvdkYvJ . . . }}
]]cspfolwpfa,mufvkd wu,fcspfw,fqdk&if tJ'Dvl[m eHygwfwpf OD;pm;ay; jzpfae&rSmaygh . . . }}
uRefawmf enf;enf;pdwfqdk;oGm;aMumif; ol&dyfrdonf/
]]udkudkuvnf; olYpdwfcsnf;yJ . . . }}
uRefawmf bmrQjyefrajym/
]]udkudk[mav . . . wpfcgwpfcg odyfuav;qefwmyJ odvm; . . . rsufESmBuD;u plykyfrxm;eJYav . . . MunfhvdkY
raumif;bl; . . . ½kyfuav;u acsmom;eJY . . . }} [k uRefawmfhvufarmif;udk udkifNyD;ajymonf/ olpdwfaumufvQif uRefawmf
ajymaeuspum;awGtwdkif; jyefajymaejcif; jzpfonf/
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cspfw,f . . . udkudkYudk tcspfqHk;? auseyfNyDvm; . . . }}
qdkNyD; uRefawmfhar;aphudk udkifí vIyfcgonf/
uJ Munfhawmh . . ./ uRefawmfhrSm pdwfqdk;&tcuf rqdk;&tcuf/
(10)
aEG&moD ausmif;ydwf&uf/
reufjzefqdkvQif ZifZifonf olUrdbrsm;½Sd&m &rnf;oif;jrdKUodkY oGm;&rnfjzpfonf/ ausmif;ydwf&uftwGif; [kdrSmae
NyD; ausmif;zGifhrS jyefvmrnf/ wpfvausmfausmfavmufawmh cGJae&ayOD;rnf/
'DaeYusawmhvnf; rsdK;omuDEG,fwdkYu oabmtaumif;om;/ ZifZifhudk olYtdrfrS ac:xkwfay;onf/
]]uJ ZifZifhudk udk0if;vufxJ xnfhcJhw,faemf . . . wpfcgwnf;awmh ac:rxm;vdkufeJYOD; . . . awmfMum rsdK;wdkY? pdk;wdkY
jyóem wufaeOD;r,f . . . }}
[k aemufoGm;ao;onf/
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vGwfvyfaom ae&mwpfckrSm oGm;xdkifNyD; tvGrf;o,fMuzdkUaumif;onf/ odkY&mwGif 'Davmufxd tcGifhta&;r&/
tpDtpOfu ½kyf½SifMunfhMu&efjzpfonf/ enf;enf; apmaeojzifh AdkvfcsKyfaps;xJ 0ifcJhMuonf/
aps;BuD;uawmh xHk;pHtwdkif; cHhcHhnm;nm; pnfpnfum;um;yif/ AdkvfcsKyfaps;pnfum;yHkrSm wjcm;aps;awGvdk tkwftkwf
usufusuf wdk;wdk;a0SYa0SY r[kwfacs/ vl0ifvlxGuf twefoifhrQESifh xnfxnf0g0gpnfum;jcif;rsdK;jzpfonf/
yifraps;½HkBuD;wpfckvHk;onf a½Tqdkifrsm;rSxGufaom ta&mift0grsm;aMumifh jydK;jydK;jyufjyuf ½Sdae\/ a½TqdkifcHkrsm;rS
xdkifaeaom trsdK;orD;BuD;i,fwdkY\ tom;ta&rsm;onf a½Ta&mif[yfí 0g0g0if;aeMuavonf/
uRefawmfonf [dk[kd'D'D avQmufMunfh&if; pOf;pm;rdonf/ AdkvfcsKyfaps;xJodkU tacgufacguf tcgcga&mufzl;onf/
ausmif;wkef;uvnf; oli,fcsif;awGESifh taysmfoufoufvmzl;onf/ ck aemufydkif;vnf; vrf;BuHKonfhtcg aps;xJ0ifNyD;
[dka,mif? 'Da,mif avQmufMunfhzl;onf/
odkY&mwGif bmypönf;rS rnfrnf&&r0,fzl;acs/ ajrmufbufwef;½Sd OD;bndefom; aq;qdkifrSm wpfcgwpf&H aq;av;
bmav;0,fwmwdkY? ukefya'omqdkifrSm awmufwdkrnf& uav;awG 0,fwmwdkYavmufom ½Sdonf/
]]udkudk cP . . . }}
qdkNyD; ZifZifu om;a&tdwfawG a&mif;aomqdkifa½SUrSm &yfvdkufonf/ qdkif&Sifu ysmysmovJ . . .
86 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]bmrsm; tvdk½SdygovJ . . . qvif;bufvm;? vufudkiftdwfvm; . . . }}
ZifZifu avQmufMunfhaeNyD;rS . . .
]][dk[mav; jyprf;yg . . . }}
qdkif½Sif trsdK;orD;BuD;\ rsufESmu 0if;yoGm;\/
]]'D[mvm; nDrav; . . . }}
qdkNyD; tawmf tom;aumif;yHk&aom ycHk;odkif;om;a&tdwf tjzLa&mifudk wkwfESifhnTefjyonf/
]]tif; tJ'DxJuyJ . . . tjzLr[kwfbl; . . . tndK . . . }}
uRefawmf wpfckck 0ifajymrnfBuHonf/ rajymjzpfvdkuf/ qkdif½Sifu vufxJrS wkwfxdyfzsm; ½Sd oHcsdwfuav;jzifh
om;a&tdwfukd csdwf,lvkdufNyD; ZifZifhudk vSrf;ay;onf/ ZifZifu om;a&tdwfudk aoaocsmcsm vSnfhywfppfaq;Munfh
aeonf/
]]pdwfcsprf;yg nDr&JU . . . 'Dqdkifu ypönf;awGtm;vHk; azm&def;rdwfcsnf;ygyJ . . . }}
]]yHku enf;enf; ½dk;ovdkyJ . . . }}
[k ZifZifu cyfwdk;wdk;ajym\/ cyfwdk;wdk;qdkaomfvnf; qdkif½SifMum;avmufonf/
]]aMomf . . . tif; . . . 'Dtdwfu nDrav;eJYqdk enf;enf;BuD;aerSmaygh . . . 'gav;Munhfygvm; . . . a[mif
aumifu a&mufvmwm wpfywfavmufyJ ½Sdao;w,f . . . }}
ZifZifu aemufxyfjyaom tdwfudk ,lMunfhaejyefonf/ uRefawmfu &ifwxdwfxdwf jzpfae&\/ xdktdwfrSm oHk;
av;&mawmh ay;&rnf/ tu,fí ZifZifu vdkcsifonfqdkvQif uRefawmfu aiGxkwfay;rSaumif;rnf/ uRefawmfhqDrSm aiGwpf
&mavmufom ygonf/ ZifZihfpdwfu,Hk&onf r[kwf/ wpfcgwpfcg bm&,fnm&,f rpOf;pm;yJ vkyfwwfonf/ udkudk
0,fay;ygvm;qdkvQif uRefawmf t½SufuGJrnf/
]]b,favmufvJ . . . }}
[k olar;onf? qdkif½Sifu . . .
]]av;&mhtpdwfwnf;yguG,f . . . }}
uRefawmf rsufvHk;jyL;oGm;\/ ZifZifuawmh cyfat;at;yif . . .
]]rsm;vdkufwm . . . }}
]]rrsm;ygbl;uG,f . . . 'grsdK;awGu wpfaps;vHk;rSm 'DwpfqdkifyJ½Sdwm . . . r,Hk&if avQmufMunfh . . . 'DqdkifrSmawmif
oHk;vkH;yJ½Sdwm . . . aqGZifxdkufu wpfvHk;,loGm;vkdY ESpfvHk;yJ usefawmhw,fav . . . }}
[kwfwmr[kwfwm tyxm;? ½kyf½Sifrif;orD;wpfa,mufESifhqifwlqdkvQif aumifrav;awGoabmusrnfqdkNyD; qG,f
vkdufjcif; jzpf\/
]]nDrav; ,lcsif&if twdeJY,loGm;av . . .}}
ZifZifuacgif;cgonf/
87 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]nDrav;u b,favmufay;csifvdkYvJ . . . }}
]]ESpf&m . . . }}
rwefwqaps;qpfjcif; jzpfaomfvnf; qdkif½SiftrsdK;orD;BuD;u pdwfqdk;[efrjyacs/ tenf;i,f jyHK;vdkufNyD; . . .
]]'DavmufBuD; cGmNyD; qdkrxm;ygbl; . . . uJ . . . uJ . . . oHk;&mhig;q,f [kwfvm; . . . }}
ZifZifu tifwifwif vkyfaeonf/
]]nDrav;uvnf; enf;enf;ydkay;MunfhygOD;vm; . . . }}
ZifZifu pOf;pm;ovdk vkyfaeonf/ oHk;&mavmuf ay;vkdufvQif Budrf;aoa&mif;awmhrnf[k uRefawmf odvkduf
onf/ xkdaMumifh uRefawmfu 0ifajymvdkuf&\/
]]tdrfrSmvnf; tdwfawG av;ig;vHk;½SdaewmyJ ZifZif&JU . . . }}
olu . . .
]]tif;av [kwfygw,f . . . aps;uvnf; odyfuGmaew,f . . . }}
[k ajymNyD;xGufvmonf/
]]vlawGuvnf; cufvkdufwm . . . paumhxJrSm aps;0,f&if acgufcsdK;qpf&r,fvkdY yHkaoum;us rSwfxm;Muw,f
xifyg&JU . . . }}
qdkif½Sifu rMum;wMum; ajym&if; usefcJhonf/ cyfvSrf;vSrf;a&mufrS ZifZifu . . .
]]udkudku rqdk;bl;aemf? azmfvdkvdkufwufom;yJ}}
]]bmazmfvdkvJ ZifZif&JU . . . ZifZif qvif;bufvdkcsifw,fqdkvnf; ukd,fhudkajyma&maygh . . . udkaqG jyefvmcgeD;NyDyJ
. . . 'grsdK;awGu [dkrSmqdk b,favmufrSaps; ½Sdwm r[kwfbl; . . . }}
ZifZifu&,fí . . .
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]]'gjzifh bmjzpfvdkY . . . }}
]]'g ZifwkdYvkyfaeusyJav . . . oli,fcsif;awGeJYvmMuNyDqdk&if 'DvdkyJ aps;0ifar; . . . NyD;awmh ra&mif;EdkifwJh aps;
avmufudk zrf;NyD;qpf? r&awmh rsm;w,fqdkNyD; xGufvmwmaygh . . . oufouf 0ifaemufwmav . . . 0,frvdkY r[kwfbl;
. . . udkudkeJYrdkYvdkYaygh . . . oli,fcsif;awGeJYqdk wpfqdkif0if wpfqdkifxGuf avQmufar;MuwmyJ . . . }}
]]Munfhvnf; vkyfOD; . . . awmfMum odef;rif;xGef;vdk jzpfaeOD;r,f . . . }}
]]olu bmjzpfvdkUvJ awmfawmf&,f&rSmyJ . . . }}
]][m . . . ajymawmif rajym&ao;bl; . . . 'Dvdk 'Daumifvnf; wpfcgu ZifZifwdkYvdkyJ yg;pyfaqmhNyD; *sif;abmif;bD
wpfxnfudk qdkifu ESpf&mhig;q,fajymwm . . . ckESpfq,fhig;usyfeJY qpfa&m . . . [dkuaps;OD;aygufrdkYvkdYqdkNyD; ay;vdkufwm
atmifhoufoufeJY 0,fcJh&wmaygh . . . }}
88 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]ckESpfq,fhig;usyfqdkawmh wefom;yJ . . . }}
]]b,fuvm wef&rSmvJ . . . *sif;twkBuD; . . . ydwfMurf;udk aq;qdk;xm;wm . . . wpfcgavQmfvdkufwmeJU aq;awG
tukefuRwfNyD; jzLjzJjzJBuD; usefcJhwmaygh . . . tck 'Daumif tJ'gBuD; ntdyf0wfae&w,f . . . }}
tpm;taomuf aps;½HkxJu qDcsufacgufqGJqdkifrSm xkdifonf/ uRefawmfvnf; qDcsufpm;onf/ olu wpfzufqdkifrS
eef;BuD;okyfrSmpm;onf/
]][dk rdef;rBuD;uawmh rcsifhr&JjzpfNyD; usefcJhrSmyJaemf . . . }}
olu apmapmu om;a&tdwfqdkifrS taMumif;udk pum;jyefaumufonf/ olonf qdkif½SiftrdsK;orD;BuD;udk aemufcJh&
ojzifh awmfawmfaysmfae[efwlonf/ pm;&if; aomuf&if; jyHK;pdpdjzpfae\/
uRefawmfhpdwfxJ wpfrsdK;BuD; jzpfoGm;&avonf/ wu,fqdkvQif ckcsdefonf pdwfvufayghyg; ½TifjrL;ae&rnfh umv
r[kwf/ olESifhuRefawmfonf reufjzefrSpí wpfvausmfausmfavmuf cGJae&rnf r[kwfvm;? 'DvdktcsdefrsdK;rSm olu t½Twf
taemufawG vkyfaeojzifh uRefawmfESifh cGJcGm&awmhrSmudk arhavsmhrsm;aeovm;[k awG;rdjcif;yif/
]]ZifZif . . . }} [k uRefawmfac:vdkufonf/
olu eef;BuD;okyfawG yg;pyfxJrSmjynfhaeojzifh pum;rajymEdkifyJ ]ajymav} qdkaom oabm acgif;omqwfjy\/
]]eufjzefqdk&if ZifZifoGm;&awmhr,faemf . . . }}
olu eef;BuD;okyfudk [if;csdKESifharQmí rsdKcsvdkufNyD;rS . . .
]]tif;av . . . bmjzpfvkdYvJ . . . }} [k rxl;jcm;ovdk jyefajymonf/
]]ZifZifhqDudk udk,fpma&;&rvm; . . . }}
]]ra&;eJYav . . . tdrfu odoGm;rSmaygh . . . }}
]]oli,fcsif;wpfa,mufa,mufu wpfqifhay;vdkY r&bl;vm; . . . tJ'Dvl&JUvdyfpmeJYxnfhrSmaygh . . . }}
]]rjzpfygbl; . . . [dkrSm odyf&if;ESD;whJvl r½Sdao;bl; . . . pdwfcs&rSm r[kwfbl; . . . rawmfwq tdrfudk owif;
aygufMum;oGm;rSm pdk;&w,f . . . }}
]]ZifZifuaum udk,fhqD pma&;rSmvm; . . . }}
]]a&;rSmaygh . . . pmawGt½SnfBuD;a&;r,f . . . ZifhpmawG zwfNyD; udkudk r[m;&bl;aemf . . . }}
]][m . . . bmvkdU[m;&rSmvJ . . . tJ'DpmawGzwfNyD; pdwfudkajz&rSm . . . ZifZif oGm;aewJhtcsdefrSm udk,fawmhvGrf;
usef&pfcJhrSmyJ . . . ZifZif udk,fhudk rvGrf;bl;vm; . . .}}
]]vGrf;rSmaygh udkudk&JU . . . }}
]]vGrf;rSmayghom qdkw,f . . . ckawmh ZifZifhudk Munfh&wm udk,feJYcGJ&awmhrSmudkawmif owdawmifr&ovdkyJ . . .
aemufvdkuf ajymifvkdufeJY . . . }}
olu rsufvHk;uav; aMumifawmifawmifeJY . . .
]]udkudkajymwm Zif em;rvnfbl; . . . }}
89 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]eufjzefqdk&if ZifZifeJYudk,feJY cGJ&awmhr,fav . . . tJ'gukd rawG;rdbl;vm; . . . }}
]]awG;rdom;yJ . . . }}
]]tJ'Dawmh rvGrf;bl;vm; . . . }}
]]udkudkuvnf; . . . ckrSrcGJ&ao;wm . . . udkudkeJYZifeJY awGYae&wmyJ[m? wu,fcGJ&wJhtcgusawmh vGrf;rSmaygh . . .
}}
]]r[kwfbl;av . . . cGJ&awmhr,fqdkwm usdef;ao odaeNyDyJ[m . . . }}
]]udkudk&,f . . . wu,fvnf; rcGJ&ao;bJeJY BudKwifNyD; vGrf;vdkY&yghrvm; . . . tJ'DvdkaMu;qdk&if tjrJyJvGrf;ae&rSm
aygh . . . bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh wpfaeUaeUus&if ZifZifa&m udkudkygaoMu&rSmr[kwfvm; . . . tJ'DtcgrSmcGJMu&rSmaygh . . .
'gudkawG;NyD; udkudkajymovdk BudKwifvGrf;ae&&if cuf&csnf&JU . . . ckvdk ESpfa,mufawGUMuwJhtcsdefrSm bmudkvGrf;&rSmvJ . . .
aysmfaysmfyJae&rSmaygh [kwfbl;vm; . . . }}
olajymwm rSm;onf[k rqdkEdkif/ pdwfxJuawmh b0ifrusbJ jzpfae\/ olu tvGrf;pum;udk jzwfí . . .
]]rkefYvufaqmif; aomufcsifw,f udkudk . . . [dkbufqdkifu vSrf;rSm ay;prf;yg . . . }}
*
aps;xJujyefxGufvmNyD; AdkvfcsKyfvrf;twdkif; avQmufvmcJhMuonf/ vrf;rSm olYudk pum;rajymrD uRefawmfhrsufESm
odyfrMunfvifonfudk ol&dyfrd[efwlonf/
]]udkudku bmjzpfaewmvJ . . . }} [k ar;onf/
]]bmrS rjzpfygbl; . . . }}
]]bmrSrjzpfbl;omqdkw,f . . . okefokefrIefrIefeJY . . . bmvJ . . . ZifeJYcGJ&awmhr,fqdkwm awG;rdNyD; aqG;aewmvm;

. . . }}
uRefawmfu bmrSjyefrajym/ ]r[kwfbl; . . . cGJ&rSmrdkYvdkY aysmfaewm . . . } [k ajymcsifaomfvnf; rajymjzpfacs/
]]udkudk&m . . . awGY&wJhtcsdefuav;rSm aysmfaysmf½Tif½Tifaeprf;yg . . . Zif oGm;cgeD; pdwfraumif;atmif rvkyfygeJY

. . .}}
[k olu ajymonf/
uRefawmf oufjyif;wpfcsufESifhtwl pdwfudk avQmhvdkuf&onf/ [dka&muf&ifawmh ighudk arhaerSm r[kwfygbl;av[k

pdwfudkajzvdkuf\/
½kyf½Sif½HkxJ0ifcgeD;wGif olu tmvl;aMumf? ig;rkefY? aeMumaph? tcsOfxkyfawG wayGYBuD;0,fao;onf/
]]rsm;vScsnfvm; . . . }}
[k uRefawmfu ajymawmh . . .
]]ZifhtusifhyJav . . . ½HkxJrSmrkefYpm;&wm odyft&om½Sdwm . . . odvm; . . . }}
90 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
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pdwful;aeaomol? uRefawmfuawmh tarSmifudk tcGifhta&;,lzdkY BuHpnfpdwful;aeolrsm; jzpfavrvm;/
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olYrsufvHk;u zsufceJ vufoGm;onf[k xif&onf/
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*
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(11)
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*
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*
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96 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
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aphpyfaocsmao;w,fa[h . . . }}
½SufjyHK;om jyHK;aevdkuf&onf/
wu,fawmh 'Dxufawmif aocsmao;onf/ pm½GufvGwfay:wGif ZifZifhajcz0g;udk eif;cdkif;NyD; abmvfyifjzifh tem;

owfrsOf;rsm;qGJí twdkif;,lxm;cJhaomaMumifhwnf;/
(12)
]]vGrf;vdkufwm udkudk&,f . . . }} [kolu xyfajymonf/
ZifZifu ausmif;rzGifhcifwpf&uftvdkrSm Nyefa&mufvmonf/ oljyefa&mufonfh owif;udk nwGif;csif;yif uRefawmf

od&\/ vGefcJhaom ckESpf&ufavmufuwnf;u naewdkif;vdkvdk olwdkYvrf;xdyfu vufzuf&nfqdkifrSm oGm;oGm;xkdifNyD; tajc
taeudk apmifhMunfhcJhaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
raeYu naeydkif;wGif vufzuf&nfqdkifudk a&mufoGm;aomtcg qdkif&SifudkrsdK;jrifhu . . .
]]reufu jyefa&mufvmNyD . . . }} [k owif;ay;onf/
uRefawmf tdrfayguf0qDodkU rsufawmifrcwf apmifhMunfhae\/ cPtMumwGif ol tdrfa½SUxGufvmonfudk vSrf;jrif

&onf/
uRefawmfapmifhMunfhaernfudk oluvnf;od[efwl\/ olUwluav;udk vufqGJí tdrfa½SYrSm oHk;av;acguf avQmuf

NyD;aemuf csmwdwfudk aumufcsDvdkufonf/ uRefawmfhbuf wpfcsufvSrf;Munfhonf/ csmwdwf\ ezl;udk erf;vdkufonf/ NyD;
awmhtdrfxJ jyef0ifoGm;onf/
eufjzefreuf olausmif;wufrnf/ apmifhaeyg[k tcsufay;oGm;jcif;jzpfaMumif; uRefawmf odvkdufonf/
'DaeY/
awGYvQifawGYcsif; ]vGrf;vkdufwm udkudk&,f . . . } [kEIwfqufpum; qdkonf/
]]'DaeY ausmif;zGifhwJhaeYqdkawmh pmoifrSm r[kwfao;bl; . . 'Dwpf&ufawmh ausmif;ajy;vkdufawmhr,f . . . wpfae

&m&mrSm at;at;aq;aq; pum;ajym&atmif . . . }}
qkdojzifh OD;Ow¬ryef;jcH (,cif uefwdkrif)odkY vmcJhonf/ uefbufudk rsufESmrlNyD; xdkifonf/ olu vGrf;vdkufwm
udkudk&,f qdkaom pum;udk wpfcgxyfajymjyef\/
uRefawmfu . . .
99 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]ck udk,feJYjyefawGY&NyDyJ . . . vGrf;wkef;vm; . . . }}
]]t½Sdefu raoao;bl;av . . . }}
]]udk,fhxufawmifqdk;aeygvm; . . . udk,furcGJ&cif BudKwifvGrf; . . . ae&wJhtcsdefrSmvnf; vGrf;w,f . . . ckjyef

awGY&NyDqdkawmh aysmfoGm;NyD . . . ZifZifuawmh . . . }}
]]'Dvkd½Sdw,fav . . . wpfcgwpfav odyfpdwfnpfp&mawG BuHKvdkY idkcsifayrJh idkvdkYrjzpfvkdY atmifhxm;&wmrsdK; ½Sdw,f

r[kwfvm; . . . aemufqHk; pdwfnpfp&mawGr½SdawmhrS pdwfudkavQmhcsNyD; tm;&yg;& idkvdkuf&wmrdsK;aygh . . . ckvnf; udkudkYudk
jyefawGY&awmhrS ydkawmif vGrf;vmao;w,f . . . }}
olu uRefawmfhvufarmif;udk qkyfudkifvkdufonf/ olYrsufESmav;rSm ckyifidkawmhrvdk jzpfvm\/
]]a[h idkawmh ridkvdkufygeJUaemf . . . }}
uRefawmfu pawmhrS vufarmif;udkqGJqdwfNyD; ]][D;[D; . . . }} [k&,fjyefonf/
][kdrSmwkef;u ZifZif idkao;vm; . . . }}
uRefawmfuar;onf/
]]wpfcgawmh idkvkeD;eD;jzpfzl;w,f . . . idkawmhridkjzpfygbl; . . . udkudka&m idkao;vm; . . . }}
]][m . . . udk,fu idkvdkY&rvm; . . . 'gayr,hf aqG;awmh awmfawmfaqG;w,f . . . }}
]]usef&pfcJhwJhvleJY xGufoGm;&wJhvl . . . b,folu ydkNyD;vGrf;&r,f xifovJ . . . }}
olYar;cGef;onf tawG;tac:awmfawmfuav; ygvmojzifh uRefawmf oabmusoGm;\/ olonf cGJcGmjcif;udk vuf

awGYcHpm;vdkuf&ojzifh eufeufeJeJ awG;wwfvmyHk&onf/
]]ZifZifu b,fvdkxifvdkYvJ . . . }} [k uRefawmfjyefar;onf/
]]xGufcGmoGm;&wJhvlu ydkvGrf;&wmaygh . . . }}
]]twlwlyJ r[kwfvm; . . . bmjzpfvkdUvJ . . . }}
]]b,fwlrvJ . . . usefcJhwJhvlu udk,faeom;usaewJhae&mrSm aecJh&wm . . . NyD;awmh udk,fawGUaeus vlawG?

taygif;toif;awG ½Sdaeao;w,fav . . . ajzomao;wmaygh . . . xGufoGm;&wJhvluawmh tm;vHk;udkxm;cJhNyD; wpfa,muf
wnf; oGm;&wm r[kwfvm; . . . udk,feJYpdrf;wJhae&mrSm taygif;tazmfr½SdyJ oGm;&wmqdkawmh tm;i,fNyD; ydkaqG;wmaygh . . .
}}
uRefawmf oabmuspGmjyHK;rdonf/
]]ZifZifawmif awmfawmfwdk;wufaeNyDyJ . . . }}
]]'gaygh . . . tawGYtBuHKu oifay;vdkufwJh oifcef;pmaygh udkudk&,f . . . }} [k olu vlBuD;wpfa,muf\ [efyef

rsdK;jzifh ajymonf/
100 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
ol ckvkd av;av;eufeuf awG;wwf ajymwwfvmojzifh uRefawmf auseyfrdavonf/
olu vG,ftdwfxJu puúLtdwfwpfckudk qGJxkwfNyD; . . .
]]udkudkYudk jyp&mwpfck½Sdao;w,f . . .}}
]]bmvJ . . . }}
]]aeOD; . . . ajymNyD;rS jyr,f . . . }}
puúLtdwfudk aygifay:wifxm;NyD; . . .
]][dku jyefvmawmh udkudkYtwGuf vufaqmifwpfck 0,fcJhr,fvkdY pOf;pm;wm . . . [dkrSmaygwmu refusnf;oD;eJY

i½kwfoD;av . . . tJ'gawGuawmh bmvkyfrSmvJ . . . ararhyGJ½HkrSm azmjcif;aomjcif; . . . &efukefutdrfrSmvnf; enf;wmrS
r[kwfwm . . . ydkaevdkY oli,fcsif;awGawmifay;ae&ao;wm . . . udkudkYudkawmif i½kwfoD;awGay;ao;w,f . . . udkaqGu
BudKufw,fqdkvdkYav . . . tJ'geJU bmay;&rvJ pOf;pm;aewkef; aps;xJrSm rmq½dkufvHkcsnfawG awGYvdkY 0,fvmcJhw,f . . . }}
olu puúLtdwfxJrS vHkcsnfudk xkwfay;onf/ rmq½dkufcsnfacsmvHkcsnf/ tom;a&m ta&miftaoG;a&m ajymp&m

r½Sd/ tuGufuav;om enf;enf;usJonf/
]]udkudk BudKuf&JUvm; . . . }}
]]BudKufygw,f . . . }}
]]udkudk . . . cPavmuf xprf;yg . . . }}
]]bmvkyfzdkUvJ . . . }}
]]xygqdk . . . }}
uRefawmf rwfwyfx&yfonf/
]]tJ'Dykqdk;udkjzefYNyD;udk,frSm uyfMunfhprf;yg . . . udkudkeJYvkduf&JUvm;vdkY MunfhcsifvkdY . . . }}
]][m . . . ZifZifuvnf; . . . vljrifuGif;BuD;rSm . . . }}
]]tkd . . . ukd,fhbmomaewm bmjzpfvJ . . . vkyfyg udkudk&JU . . .}}
qufajymvnf;&rnf r[kwfojzifh ykqdk;udkcg;rSm ywfjyvdkuf&onf/
]]enf;enf;aemufqkwfOD; . . . }}
wpfvSrf;ESpfvSrf;qkwf&onf/
]]aumif;w,f . . . udkudkeJYvdkufw,f . . . tpdrf;u enf;enf;rsm;aMumifaervm; xifrdao;w,f . . . tckvdk

jzefYMunfhawmh aumif;om;yJ . . . }}
101 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
olu auseyfESpfodrfhpGm Munfhaeonf/ uRefawmfuawmh rvHkrvJjzpfNyD; [dk[dk'D'DvSrf;Munfhrdonf/ uefywfvrf;t
wdkif; avQmufvmaeaom toufcyf½G,f½G,ftwGJwpfwGJu uRefawmfwkdYudk vSrf;Munfhaeonf/ trsdK;orD;u wpfpHkwpf&m
ajymvkdufojzifh trsdK;om;u&,fonf/ uRefawmf ½Sufudk; ½Sufuef;jzpfNyD; xdkifcsvdkuf&\/
]]ZifZifhudkvnf; udk,fay;p&m½Sdw,f . . . }}
uRefawmf yvufpwpfvufqGJtdwfxJudk vufEdIuf&if; . . .
]]udkaqG ygvmwm . . . }} [k ajymaewkef; olu . . .
]]bmvJ . . . }}
qdkNyD; tdwfudk qwfceJ qGJ,lonf/txJu a'gifjrifhzdeyfudk jrifaomtcg . . .
]][,f . . . }}
zdeyfudk qGJxkwfonf/
]]om;em;w,fq&m . . . 'DyHkrsdK; rawGUzl;ao;bl; . . . }}
olawmfawmfaysmfoGm;onf/ [efyifraqmifEkdifbJ csufcsif;pD;Munfhonf/ rwfwyfx&yfNyD; vrf;avQmufMunfhonf/

olYyHkpHu zuf½SifjyyGJawGrSm udk,f[efjyaeovdkrsdK;/
uRefawmfu olUvufudk vSrf;qGJNyD; . . .
]]xdkifygOD; ZifZif&JU . . . }}
ol uRefawmfhab;rSmxdkifonf/
]]'Dzdeyfudk tckyJ ppD;awmhr,faemf . . . }} [k uav;wpfa,mufvkd ajym\/
]]pD;av . . . zdeyfta[mif;u b,fvdkvkyfrSmvJ . . . }}
]]tJ'DtdwfBuD; Zifhudkay;vdkufav . . . tJ'DxJxnfhNyD; jyef,loGm;rSmaygh . . . }}
]]zdeyftopfu b,fu&ovJvdkY tdrfuar;&if b,fvdkvkyfrvJ . . . }}
]][kwfom;yJ . . . }}
olu cPpOf;pm;NyD;. . .
]][m . . . [kwfNyD . . . ausmif;u oli,fcsif;wpfa,mufqDu 0,fwmvdkY ajymr,f . . . [kwfw,f . . . 'gqdk tydkif

yJ . . . tdrfu ydkufqHxyfawmif;vkdY&w,f . . . 'Dzdeyfqdk qdkifawGrSm ESpf&mausmfausmf ay;&rSmyJaemf . . . }}
uRefawmf acgif;ndwfonf/
102 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]][d . . . [d . . . ZifwdkYrsm; ydkifcsifawmh aiGESpf&mawmif xyf&OD;rSmygvm; . . . [if . . . 'Dvdkqdkawmh b,fw&m;
rvJ . . . udkudkay;wJhvufaqmifu ESpf&mausmfawmif wefw,f . . . Zif0,fvmwJhvHkcsnfu ajcmufq,fhig;usyfyJ ay;&wm
. . . 'Dvdkvkyf . . . udkudkYudk Zifu wD½Syfwpfxnf 0,fay;r,f . . . }}
]]awmfygNyDuGm . . . vufaqmifay;wmyJ omw,f? emw,f wGufaep&mrvdkygbl; . . . apwemu t"duyg . . .

aemufNyD; 'Dzdeyfu udkaqG ygvmwmyJ[m . . . udk,fydkufqH ukef&wmrSr[kwfwmyJ . . . }}
]]udkaqGwdkY rrwl;wdkYudkvnf; aus;Zl;wifaMumif;ajymjyygaemf . . . tif; udkaqGYtwGuf i½kwfoD;,lvmay;OD;rS

aumif;r,f . . . }}
]]udk,fhrSm ZifZifhudk ay;p&m wpfckusefao;w,f . . . }}
uRefawmfu ½SyftusDtdwfxJrS EIwfcrf;eDbl;udk xkwfay;onf/ ol ][,f} ceJjzpfoGm;jyefonf/ bl;udkzGifhNyD; EIwfcrf;

eDawmifhudk vSnfhxkwfonf/
]][muGm . . . udkudkuawmh odyfawmfwmyJ . . . 'Dvdk rufw,fvpfumvmrsdK;vkdcsifaewm . . . }}
ol uRefawmfhvufudk qkyfudkifvIyf,rf;&if; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om ajymonf/ uRefawmfu . . .
]]tJ . . . tJ'DEIwfcrf;eDudkvnf; tckqdk;MunfhOD;av . . . }}
]]tdrfusrSyJ qdk;Munfhawmhr,f udkudk&,f . . . tckvnf; qdk;xm;om;yJ r[kwfvm; . . . }}
]]tckqdk;xm;wmawG zsufvkdufaygh . . . aeOD; . . . udk,fzsufay;r,f . . . }}
uRefawmfu olYykcHk;ESpfzufudkudkifNyD; qGJvSnfhvdkuf\/
]][if; . . . udkudkodyfvnfwmyJ . . . }} [kajymonf/
EIwfcrf;eDvufaqmifay;&wm t½HI;r½Sdygbl;qdkaom udkaqG\ pum;udk owd&vdkuf\/
*
ajcvSrf; wHkUoGm;onf/
ausmif;pm;aomufqkdifrSm olwpfa,mufwnf;r[kwf/ rsdK;omuDEG,fwdkY nDtpfryg ygonf/ xdkrQru pm;yGJrSm 0dkif;

xdkifaeMuolrsm;wGif ausmif;om;oHk;a,mufyg ygonf/
ESpfa,mufudk uRefawmfodygonf/ rsdK;omuDEG,fwdkYu rdwfqufay;zl;aomaMumifh jzpfonf/ olwdkY emrnfawGu

½Snfvsm;axGjym;aomaMumifhvnf;aumif;? olwdkYudk odyfpdwfr0ifpm;aomaMumifhvnf;aumif; emrnfawGudk rrSwfrd/ olwdkYu
[dknDtpfrESifh bm*vdkwdk jzpfaeMuonf[k odxm;&\/
'gjzifh wwd,aumifua&m/ olYudk uRefawmf rod/ jrifvnf; rjrifzl;cJh/ yHkpHuawmh ausmfolwdkU? pdk;olwdkYvdk
0wfpm;qif,ifxm;onf/ toufu ZifZifwdkYESifh ½G,fwlavmufyif ½Sdrnf/ ½kyfajzmifhonf/
olwdkYu uRefawmfhudk rjrifao;/ ajymvufp pum;xJwGifom pdwf0ifpm;aeMuonf/ rsdK;omuDEG,fu wpfpHkwpf&m

0ifajym&m tm;vHk;&,fMu\/
olwdkYqDavQmufoGm;onf/ ZifZifu uRefawmfhudk t&ifqHk;jrifonf/ tHhMooGm;yHk&onf/ NyD;rS . . .

103 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]a[m . . . vmav . . . }} [k Elwfqufonf/
tm;vHk; uRefawmfhudk 0dkif;MunfhMu\/ olwdkYpm;yGJem;rSm &yfonf/
]]xdkifav . . . rwfwwfBuD; . . . }} [k ZifZifuajym\/
olwdkYpm;yGJrSm cHkvGwfr½Sdawmh/ [kdbufpm;yGJu cHkwpfvHk;,lNyD; xdkifp&mae&mMunfhonf/ ZifZifhab;rSm ae&mr½Sdawmh/

twif;0ifuyfxdkifvdkYvnf;rjzpf/ xdkaMumifh ZifZifESifh rsufESmcsif;qdkif½Sd vGwfaeaom ae&mrSmyif cHkudkcsNyD; 0ifxdkifvkduf
&onf/
ZifZifESifh wwd,aumifwdkY ae&m,lxm;MuyHkrSm ab;csif;uyfawmh r[kwf/ okdY&mwGif pm;yGJ\ axmifhpGef;wpfzufpD

wGif us,fwG,fyHk xdkifaeMujcif;jzpfí tvGefeD;pyfaeonf/ uRefawmfuawmh ZifZifESifh rsufESmcsif;qdkifjzpfí tvSrf;a0;
ae\/ pdwfxJu atmifhoufoufjzpfoGm;&onf/ NyD;rS pdwfukd jyefxdef;onf/
'D0dkif;xJrSm uRefawmfu touftBuD;qHk;/ uav;awGvdk wpfpHkwpfck tvdkrusovdk rsufESmBuD; plykyfxm;vdkY rjzpf

ao;acs/
ZifZifuvnf; uRefawmfhudk jrifjrifcsif; tHhMo[efjzpfoGm;aomfvnf; aemufawmh bmrQ rxl;jcm;ovdkyif . . .
]]reufuvmOD;rvm;vkdY . . . }} [k ajymonf/
]]reufu tdrfuxGufcgeD;rS udkaqGu uyfpwef½Hk;udk ckdif;vkdufvkdY ra&mufjzpfwm . . . ck½Hk;u udpöNyD;NyD;csif; vmcJh

wmyJ . . . twef;xJrSmrawGUvdkU 'DrSm½SdrSmyJqdkNyD; vkdufvmwm . . . }} [k avoHrSefrSefjzifh jyefajymvdkufonf/
pdk;'gvDEG,fu 0ifí . . .
]]txl;{nfhonfa&mufaevdkY uifwif;rSm vm{nfhcHMuwmav . . .}} [kajym\/ txl;{nfhonfqdkwm [dkaumifav;

udk qdkvdkjcif; jzpfvdrfhrnf/
]]rdwfqufay;vkdufOD;av . . . }}
rsdK;omuDEG,fu ZifZifhudk ajymvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ odkYjzpfí 'Daumifav;onf ZifZifESifh wpfpHkwpfck ywfowfaeay

vdrfhrnf/
ZifZifu . . .
]][kwfom;yJ . . . arhaevkdufwm . . . 'gu aX;EdkifwJh . . . ZifeJY q,fwef;wkef;u wpfwef;wnf;yJ . . . 'guawmh

udk0if;udkarmif . . . }}
uRefawmfusawmh b,folb,f0g[k qufrajymbJ jyHK;½kHomjyHK;aeonf/ rsdK;omuDEG,fwdkYnDtpfrxHrS &,foHoJhoJh

xGufvm\/
uRefawmfu twufEdkifqHk; azmfa½GpGmjyHK;í aX;EdkifqdkolxH vufurf;ay;vdkufonf/ olu uRefawmfhvufudkqGJí EIwf

qufyHkrSm ajyajyjypfjypfr½Sd/ vufudk zsufceJ vSrf;ykwfvkdufovdkjzpfoGm;onf/
olUvufrsm;onf aEG;aEG;axG;axG; r½Sdacs/ NyD;awmh olYMuGufom;awGudk wif;xm;yHk&onf/
104 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,muf rsufvHk;csif; wpfcsufqHkonf/ ol uRefawmfhudk pl;prf;ovdkMunfhonf/ uRefawmfuvnf;
olYudk tuJcwfMunfhvdkuf\/ or®wa&*ifESifh a*:AmacsmhAfwdkUxdyfoD;aqG;aEG;yGJrSm vufqGJEIwfqufMuvQif 'DvdkyJjzpfvdrfh
rnf xifonf/
rdwfqufay;NyD;vQif wpfckckawmh {nfhaxmufcH pum;ajym&ayvdrfhrnf/ 'DyvdkarpD oabmayhgav/
]]udkaX;Edkifu tm,lbDpDuyJvm; . . . }}
&efukefwúodkvf Adkvfwaxmife,fajruyJvm;[k uRefawmfu ar;jcif;jzpfonf/ olUrsufESmrSm tajymif;tvJ wpfckjzpf

oGm;onf/
]]uRefawmf ratmifao;ygbl; . . . }}
[k jyefajymonf/
xdktcsdefwGif olYudk uRefawmf txufpD;uMunfhcsifvQif MunfhvdkU&NyDjzpf\/ NyD;rScsufcsif; owd&onf/
bmqdkifvkdYvJ/ bmaMumifh txufpD;u Munfh&rSmvJ/ olESifh uRefawmf bmrS rywfowf/ olYudk jrifjrifcsif; jydKif
bufwpfa,mufvkd oabmxm;rdrvdk jzpfoGm;onfrSm xl;qef;vSonf/ pdwfxJu xifhceJ jzpfoGm;onfuawmh trSef/
wjcm;vlawGudk uRefawmfMunfhonf/ yGJBuD;yGJaumif; awGY&avrvm;[k apmifhaeMuovdkrsm;vm;/ ZifZifuawmh

bmrSrjzpfovdkyif/ a&cJokyfudk wpfZGef;NyD;wpfZGef; t&omcHaomufae&if;u . . .
]]vufzuf&nfyJ r[kwfvm; . . . }}
[k uRefawmfhudk ar;onf/
]]raomufawmhbl; . . . [dk½kH;u vlawGeJU aomufcJhw,f . . . }}
aX;Edkifu . . .
]]wkdU oGm;OD;r,f . . . }} [k ZifZifhudk ajymonf/ NyD;awmh . . .
]]tm;vHk;yJ . . . oGm;ygOD;r,f . . . }}
[k uRefawmfwdkUudk EIwfqufNyD; xGufoGm;onf/ olxGufoGm;NyD;awmh [dknDtpfrESpfa,mufxHrS &,foHxGufay:

vmonf/ aumifav; ESpfa,mufu vkduf&,fonf/ ZifZifu jyHK;aeonf/
aX;EdkifESifhuRefawmfwdkY pwifawGYqHkcef;onf &,fp&mrsm; jzpfaeavovm;rod/
aX;Edkifonf ZifZifESifh q,fwef;wkef;u oli,fcsif;jzpfonf[k qdkonf/ odkYqdkvQif b,ftwdkif;twmavmufxd

&if;ESD;cJhMuoenf;/
wpfckaocsmwmu aX;Edkifonf ZifZifhvdk rdef;uav;rsdK;udk pdwf0ifpm;rdrnfyif jzpfonf/ ol\ pdwf0ifpm;rIudk b,f

avmufxd taumiftxnfazmfEdkifcJhovJ/ olu ZifZifhudk zGifhajymcJhovm;/ ajymcsifvnf; ajymayvdrfhrnf/ ajymcJhonf[k
uRefawmfuawmh xifaerdonf/ ZifZifu olYudkvufcHcJh[ef rwlacs/
105 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
olwdkYESpfa,mufonf wpfcsdefcsdefucspfcJhMuNyD; taMumif;wpfckckaMumifh uGJuGmaecJhwm ckusrS aX;Edkifu jyefquf
oG,fzdkY BudK;pm;wm rjzpfEkdifbl;vm;[kvnf; awG;Munfhjyef\/ 'gawmh rjzpfEdkif[k pdwfxJu tvdkvdk odaeonf/
uRefawmfonf bmjzpfvdkU 'gawG avQmufawG;ae&ovJ/ wu,fawmh bmrQ a&;BuD;cGifus,fr[kwf/ oli,fcsif;

wpfa,mufvmvnfí pm;aomufqdkifrSm oGm;auR;arG;jcif;omjzpfonf/ aX;Edkifuvnf; uRefawmfESifh ZifZifwdkYtaMumif;
odoGm;rnfyifjzpfonf/
uRefawmfonf ZifZifESifh ywfowfvmvQif tpdk;&drfvGefNyD; avQmufawG;aerdjcif;twGuf udk,fhudk,fudk,f pdwfxJu

jyHK;rdonf/
bmyJjzpfjzpf ckvdk ZifZifwpfa,muf a,musmf;av;awGESifh pm;aomufqdkifrSm twlwlxdkifNyD; w½kef;½kef;aeonfudk

awmh uRefawmf rBudKuf? owday;&rnf/
]]ukdudku bmjzpfaewmvJ . . . }}
uRefawmf twefMumatmif jidrfNyD;awG;aeojzifh oluar;jcif;jzpfonf/
]]ZifZifhudk udk,fwpfck ajymp&m½Sdw,f . . . }}
]]bmvJ ½kyf½SifMunfhzdkYvm; . . . 'grSr[kwf [dkyef;jcHudk oGm;zdkYvm; . . . }}
]]r[kwfbl; . . . }}
uRefawmf csufcsif;qufrajymao;/ tusÐtdwfxJrSm pD;u&uf½Smonf/ rawGU/
]]bmajymrvkdYvJ . . . }}
ol xyfar;onf/
]]reufwkef;u . . . }}
]]bmjzpfvkdUvJ . . . }}
[k olu pum;axmufonf/
tJ'Dvdk a,musmf;av;awGeJY a&ma&maESmaESmraeoifhbl;xifw,f . . . }}
]][m . . . ukdudkuvnf; . . . oli,fcsif;awGcsnf;yJ[m . . . }}
]]ab;vlawGu oli,fcsif;awGyJvdkY odyghrvm; . . . wpfrsdK;vnf;xifEdkifwmyJ . . . NyD;awmhvnf; MunfhOD; . . .

a,musmf;av;u oHk;a,muf? rdef;uav;u oHk;a,muf? twGJoHk;wGJvdkY xifroGm;Edkifbl;vm; . . . }}
]]xifoGm;awmhvnf; tjrwfaygh . . . }} [k olu rcsdKrcsOfrsufESmay;jzifh ajymonf/
]]aemufraeeJYZifZif . . . udk,fu wu,fajymaewm . . . }}
]]aMomf . . . cufvkdufwm udkudk&,f . . . udkudkYt,ltqawGu atmufaeNyD . . . ausmif;rSm olrsm;awGvnf; 'DvdkyJ

aeMuwmyJ . . . oli,fcsif;tkyfpkawG trsm;BuD; . . . }}
106 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]bmyJjzpfjzpfav . . . tJ'Dvdk aewm udk,frBudKufbl; . . . }}
]]udkudku o0efwdkwwfvm;[if . . . }}
]]wdkoifh&if wdk&rSmyJ . . . }}
]]Zif 0rf;omygw,f . . . }}
]]bmajymw,f . . . }}
]]aMomf . . . udkudk Zifhudkodyfcspfw,fqdkwm od&vdkYav . . . cspf&ifo0efwdkw,f qdkMuwmudk; . . . }}
]]'DrSm ZifZif udk,fwpfck ajymOD;r,f . . . cspf&if o0efwdkwwfovdkyJ tcspfBuD;&ifvnf; trsufBuD;wwfw,fwJh

. . . }}
uRefawmfhavoHu enf;enf;qwfoGm;onf/
]]uJyg . . . udkudku odyfvnf; a'gorBuD;ygeJY . . . Zif udkudkYtay:b,fawmhrS opömrrJhbl;qdk&if auseyfayghaemf .

. . udkudkaemf . . . }}
uRefawmfpdwfajyoGm;&jyefonf/ rsufESmxm;udkawmh wnfxm;wkef;/ olu . . .
]][if udkudk&,f . . . Zifhudk tJhvkdrsufESmxm;BuD;eJYrMunfheJYav . . . ZifaMumufw,f . . . odvm; . . . Munfhav

. . . ajymvdkYr&bl;vm; . . . jyHK;jyHK;av; aeygudkudk&JU . . . a[m jyHK;awmhr,f . . . jyHK;awmhr,f . . . }}
uRefawmf qufrwnfEdkifawmh/
ZifZifraemufprf;eJY[k ajym&if; &,frd&awmhonf/ awmfawmfvnf; wwfEdkifwJh aumifrav; ZifZif/
(13)
a½T0wfrIefpm;aomufqdkif\ oD;oefYpm;yGJrSm xdkifMuonf/ oD;oefYpm;yGJqdkaomfvnf; yk*¾vdu pm;aomufqdkifawGvdk
tcef;awGbmawG um&Hxm;wmrsdK;awmh r[kwfacs/ acgufqGJaMumfponfh tpm;taomufrsm; rSm,lpm;oHkEkdif&ef owfowf
jyifqifxm;aom pm;yGJrsm;om jzpfonf/ vufzuf&nf pm;yGJrsm;xufawmh ydkNyD;oyf&yfaom tcif;tusif;½Sdonf/ pdrf;jymjym
rSeftumt&Hrsm;? jzLazG;oefY½Sif;aom pm;yJGcif;rsm;? rvif;vGef; rarSmifvGef;aom tvif;a&mif ponfwdkUaMumifh oufawmifh
oufom ½SdNyD; pdwfat;csrf;ompGm pm;oHk;Edkif\/
tDwvDacgufqGJ rSmpm;onf/ NyD;awmh ylwif;? aemuf tat;wpfykvif;pD rSmvdkufonf/
uRefawmfu pD;u&ufudk rD;ndSzGm&if; olUudkajym&rnfhpum;awGudk pOf;pm;aeonf/ oluawmh tpm;taomuf

aumif;aumif;pm;&ojzifh oabmusaeyHk&onf/
tat;ykvif;rsm; a&mufvm\/ olu zefcGufawGxJ iSJYxnfhay;onf/ uRefawmf raomufao;bJ pD;u&ufudkom

qufzGmaevdkuf\/ av;ig;zGm zGmNyD;rS . . .
]]ZifZifhudk udk,fwpfckajymp&m½Sdw,f . . . }}
]]udkudkYrSmawmh tjrJwrf;vdkvdk ajymp&mwpfckckawmh ½SdaewmyJaemf . . . }}
]]½Sd&rSmaygh . . . wu,fawmh ajymp&mawGutrsm;BuD;yJ . . . udk,fwdkYESpfa,muf&JUa½SUa&;twGuf wdkifyifcsifvkdY . . .

}}
]]a½SUa&; [kwfvm; . . . b,fvdka½SUa&;vJ[if . . . }}
olu pyufuvif wpfiHkudk at;aq;pGm jrHKae&if;ar;onf/
]]ZifZifeJY udk,feJY wpfaeYaeYus&if vufxyfMu&rSm r[kwfvm; . . . }}
]]'gawmh 'gaygh . . . }}
]]ZifZifu b,fawmhavmuf vufxyfr,f pdwful;ovJ . . . }}
]]b,fodrvJ udkudk&JU . . . 'gu udkudkuajym&rSmyJ[m . . . }}

108 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]ZifZif bGJY&NyD;&ifqdkygawmh [kwfvm; . . . tJ'DtcgrSm bmjyóemawG ½SdvmEdkifovJqdkwm ZifZif awG;rdzl;ovm;
. . . }}
]][ifhtif; . . . Zifawmh bmrSrawG;wwfbl; . . . }}
]]ZifZifwdkY rdbawGu udk,feJYoabmwlyghrvm; . . . }}
]]bmjzpfvkdY oabmrwl&rSmvJ . . . ZifcspfwJhvlqdk&if oabmwl&rSmaygh . . . azazwdkYararwdkYu Zifhudk odyftvdk

vdkufxm;wmyJ[m . . . }}
]]wjcm;ae&mrSm tvdkvdkufayrJh vlBuD;qdkwmrsdK;u om;orD;&JU tdrfaxmifa&;usawmh wpfrsdK;av . . . olwdkYpdwf

BudKufyJ pDrHcsifMuwm r[kwfvm; . . . }}
oljyHK;onf/
]]udkudku vlBuD;awGpdwfBudKufjzpfEkdifygw,f . . . bGJYvnf;&NyD;NyD . . . udkudkYbuf*a&mif;uvnf; rqdk;ygbl; . . .

NyD;awmh udkudkY½kyfuvnf; ajzmifhygw,f udkudk&JU . . . }}
]]ta&;tBuD;qHk; wpfck usefao;w,f ZifZif . . . ckcsdefxd udk,fhrSm tvkyfr½Sdao;bl; . . . }}
]]tvkyf . . . tJh'gu ta&;rBuD;ygbl; . . . }}
tat;cGufudk vSrf;udkifawmhrnfh uRefawmfhvuf wefYoGm;onf/
]]tvkyfu ta&;rBuD;bl; [kwfvm; . . . vlwpfa,muf&,fvdkYjzpfvm&if tvkyfwpfckawmh vkyf&rSmaygh . . . 'grS

vnf; b0twGuf? pm;0wfaea&;twGuf tmrcHcsuf ½SdawmhrSmaygh . . . }}
]]pm;0wfaea&;twGufawmh bmrSylp&mr½Sdygbl;av . . . udkudkajymwmawmh ZifvufcHygw,f . . . tvkyfwpfckck

awmh vkyf&rSmaygh . . . 'grS*kPf½Sdr,f r[kwfvm; . . . }}
uRefawmf enf;enf; pdwfoufom&m &oGm;onf/ olonf tvkyf\ *kPfudkawmh em;vnfwefzdk;xm;wwfayom;yJ/
]][kwfwmaygh ZifZif . . . 'gaMumifh udk,fajymwmaygh . . . udk,fhtaeeJY tvkyfeJYtudkifeJYqdkawmh ZifZifhrdbawGudk

udk,fhtaMumif;ajymjywJhtcg rsufESmri,f&awmhbl;ayhg . . . }
]]wu,fawmh udkudk&m . . . *kPfwdkY aiGwdkYu ta&;rBuD;ygbl; . . . wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,muf opöm½SdzdkYu ta&;BuD;

wmyg . . . }}
w,f[kwfygvm;/ odkY&mwGif olajymaompum;onf 0wÅKawG ½kyf½SifawGxJrSm ajymwwfonfhpum;rsdK;udk jyefajym

jcif;omjzpfonf/ wu,fwwfodem;vnfaevdkYawmh r[kwf/
]]ZifZifajymwm rSefygw,f . . . 'gayr,hf rSefwdkif;vnf; wu,fvufawGYb0eJY tH0ifcsifrS 0ifwwfwmudk; . . . }}
]]aeygOD; . . . udkudku bmvkyfcsifwmvJ . . . }}
]]bm&,fvkdYr[kwfygbl; . . . tqifajywJhtvkyfwpfckckaygh . . . }}
]]tpdk;&tvkyfvm; . . . }}
109 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]'gvnf; jzpfEdkifwmyJ . . . }}
]]'gqdk&ifawmh bmrS ryleJY . . . udkudkat;at;aq;aq;omae . . . olYtvdkvdk jzpfvmvdrfhr,f . . . }}
]]b,fvdk . . . }}
]]azazu ½Smay;rSmaygh . . . rraomfwkef;uvnf; 'DvdkygyJ . . . olwdkYaphpyfwJhtcsdefxd udkrsdK;rif;u tvkyf½Sdao;wm

r[kwfbl; . . . vufxyfcgeD;usrS azazuajymay;vdkY zdk;zpfwD;pau; 'g½dkuf&oGm;wmyJ . . . udkudkvnf; vkyfcsif&if azaz
ajymay;rSmaygh . . . tvkyftwGufawmh bmrSylraeygeJUav . . . }}
olajymyHkuawmh tvGefvG,fonf/ uRefawmf bmjyefajym&rSef; rodatmifyifjzpfoGm;&\/
]]Zif bGJY&zkdYu ESpfESpfawmif vkdygao;w,fav . . . 'DMum;xJrSm wpfckcktqifajyoGm;rSmaygh . . . udkudkYrSmvnf;

BudKwifNyD;vGrf;&wmeJY . . . BudKwifpdwfyl&wmeJY . . . 'gawG[m jyóem r[kwfygbl; udkudk . . . tm;vHk; ajyvnfoGm;rSmyg
. . . bmrS acgif;xJrxm;eJY . . . Zifhudk cspfwmu vGJ&ifaygh . . . }}
olUavoH at;at;av;jzifh ajymae\/
*
odef;rif;xGef;u olYqdkifudkodrf;aeonf/em&DawGudk yvufpwpftdwfawGxJrSm wpfvHk;csif; owfowfpD xnfhonf/
vufywfBudK;awGudkawmh trsdK;wlwmawGudk om;a&uGif;ESifh vufqGJtdwfxJxnfhNyD; tdwfudk aomhcwfonf/ aemufeH&HrSm
jr§Kyfxm;aomAD½dkxJodkU om;a&tdwfudkxnfhonf/ AD½dkudk aomhESpfxyfcwfonf/
vHkjcHKa&;tpDtpOfuawmh awmfawmfckdifrmatmif jyKvkyfxm;wmyJ[k awG;rdonf/ rvkyfvdkUvnf; rjzpfacs/ 'Dem&D

rsm;onfyif olYb0 r[kwfvm;/
tcef;ydkif½Sif tbdk;BuD; tbGm;BuD;vifr,m;udk EIwfqufNyD; xGufvmcJhMuonf/
]]OD;av;BuD;rSm xdkifrvm; . . . }}
[k odef;rif;xGef;u ar;onf/
]]tdkufw,fuGm . . . vufzuf&nf raomufcsifao;bl; . . . }}
]]BuH&nf aomufygvm; . . . }}
a½TbHkomvrf;axmifhu BuH&nfqdkifrSm xdkifMu\/
ZGefvukefcgeD;jzpfí rdk;OD;umva&mufNyD[k qdk&rnf/ rdk;uwpfcgwpfcg ½Gmwwfaomfvnf; r½GmonfhaeYqkdvQif

tvGefyltdkufonf/ 'DaeYvnf; reufydkif;uom rdk;tenf;i,f½GmNyD; wpfaeYvHk;aeylaeojzifh wpfudk,fvHk; acR;awGoHawGESifh
jzpfNyD; a&csnf;iwfaeonf/
BuH&nfwpfcGufudk wpfcgwnf; tjywf½Sif;vkdufNyD;onfhwdkif &ifylroufomao;/ a&cJa&wpfcGuf xyfrSm&onf/

enf;enf;a&iwfwm ajyawmhrS . . .
110 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]cifav;awmif rawGYwmMumNyD . . . }} [k ajymonf/ odef;rif;xGef;u . . .
]]oifwef;wufae&vdkYuG . . . }}
]]rif;wdkY oDwif;uRwf&if aocsmNyDvm; . . . }}
]]aocsmoavmuf ½SdaeNyD . . . &efolrsdK;ig;yg; raESmuf,Suf&ifaygh . . . }}
]]bmvJuG . . . }}
olu&,fí. . .
]]ighqdkif olcdk;cdk;cH&wmwdkY? igwdkYtdrf rD;avmifwmwdkY rjzpf&ifaygh . . . }}
olaemufaejcif;jzpfonf/ olESifhcifav;wdkYtwGJuawmh awmfawmfvkdufzufonf/ ESpfa,mufpvHk; cyfat;at;orm;

awG? olwdkYudkMunfh&wm pdwfcsrf;omp&maumif;onf/
]]rif;wdkYaum at;at;aq;aq;yJ r[kwfvm; . . . }}
olu jyefar;onf/
]]at;at;aq;aq;ygyJ . . . }}
ajymNyD; tdwfxJu pD;u&ufbl;ESifh rD;jcpfudk pm;yGJay:csonf/ oluESpfvdyfxkwf,lNyD; uRefawmfhqDudk

wpfvdyfvSrf;ay;onf/ pD;u&ufudk rD;ndSzGmae&if; olYudk ZifZifhtaMumif; ajymcsifvmonf/
]]wpfckawmh ½Sdw,fuG . . . }}
oluvnf; uRefawmf ZifZifhtaMumif; ajymrnfudk odí em;axmif&ef toifhjyifxm;yHk&onf/
]]ig raeYu ZifZifeJYawGYw,f . . . }}
]]bmvJ . . . [dku pdwfaumufjyefvdkYvm; . . . }}
]]r[kwfygbl;uG . . . }}
qdkNyD; raeYu ZifZifESifhajymcJhonfh taMumif;awGjyefajymjyonf/ olu pum;qHk;atmif em;axmifaeNyD;rS . . .
]]b,fqdk;vdkYvJuG . . . rif;udk igawmif tm;usvmNyD . . . }}
]]bm tm;uswmvJ . . . rif;u . . . }}
]][ . . . 'DxufZdrfus&OD;rvm; . . . aumifrav; vSvSav;udk &r,fhtjyif tvkyfaumif;aumif;yg ½Smay;OD;r,f

qdkawmh . . . }}
]]olYtaz½Smay;awmhrSyJ igu tvkyf&&awmhrSmvm;uG . . . }}
]]b,folu ½Smay;ay;ayghuGm . . . tvkyf&&if NyD;wmyJ . . . }}
111 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]tJ'Dvdk tomav; arQmvdkufoGm;csifwJhpdwfrsdK; ighrSmr½Sdbl; . . . olYtazeJYigeJYawGYwJhtcg . . . ]tefu,f&,f . . .
uRefawmfhrSm tvkyfawmhr½Sdao;ygbl; . . . tefu,f oifhawmfr,fxifwJhtvkyfwpfck ½Smay;yg . . .} vdkU igu ajym&rSmvm;
. . . tJ'DtcsdefrSm udk,fhtvkyftudkifeJYudk,f twnfwusjzpfaerS *kPf½SdrSmaygh . . . }}
]]rif; 'Dvdkajymvdrfhr,fvdkU xifom;yJ . . . }}
]]olu xifaewmu tvkyfwpfck&zdkYqdkwm ½kyf½SifvufrSwfBudKwif0,f&wmavmufawmif rcufbl;vdkYxifaewmuG

. . . }}
]]at;av . . . olwdkYtwGufuvnf; cufrSrcufbJudk; . . . }}
]]olwdkYtwGufrcufayr,fh wjcm;vlawGtwGuf b,favmufcufw,fqdkwm odatmif jy&OD;r,f . . .

vufawGYb0qdkwm bmvJ odoGm;atmif olYudkenf;enf;awmh ynmay;&OD;r,fuG . . . }}
]]a[ b,fvdkay;rSmvJ . . . }}
]]rif; aemufawmh odrSmayghuGm . . . }}
uRefawmf pD;u&ufwdkudk jymcHcGufxJ xdk;acsvdkuf\/ odef;rif;xGef;u jyHK;aeonf/
*
]jrdKUxJ avQmufvnf&atmif . . . ZifZifhudkvnf; jyp&mawG½Sdw,f . . . } qdkNyD; olYudk ac:cJhonf/
yxrqHk;tpDtpOft& olYudk bwfpfum; pD;cdkif;rnf jzpfonf/ olonf bwfpfum;rpD;bl;acs/ tedrfhqHk; tjrefum;

avmufom rpD;rjzpf pD;ae&jcif;jzpfonf/ bwfpfum;wdk;pD;&onfh'ku©udk olodapcsifonf/
um;rSwfwdkifrSm &yfaeMuwkef; tjrefum;awGu 'DaeYusrS acsmifaeonf/ tqufrjywf wpfpD;NyD;wpfpD; vmonf/
]]pD;&atmifav . . . }}
[k olajymonf/ uRefawmfu . . .
]]aeygOD; . . . bwfpfum;pD;&atmif . . . ZifZif pD;zl;w,f ½Sdwmaygh . . . }}
olrpD;csifbl;[k ajymvdrfhrnf xifaomfvnf; . . .
ZifZifwdkYrsm; uHaumif;csifawmh oHk;q,hfwpfbwfpfum;wpfpif; xdk;qdkufvm&m um;uacsmifaeonf/ xdkifp&mae&m

&rnfpdk;í wjcm;vlawG t&ifwufatmifapmifhNyD;rS wufvdkuf\/
xdkifp&mawmhr&/ okdY&mwGif um;ay:rSm vl v;ig;a,mufom rwfwyf&yfaeojzifh acsmifacsmifcsdcsd oufoufom

om vkdufygEdkifonf/ udpör½Sd/ a½SUrSwfwdkifawGrSm xyfwufMuOD;rSmyJ/
xifonfhtwdkif;yifjzpfonf/ ykZGefawmifpmwdkufrSwfwdkifrSm vlwpftkyfBuD;wufvmonf/ aps;rSwfwdkif ta&mufwGif

ydkqdk;onf/ um;wpfpD;vHk; usyfnyfoGm;onf/
112 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
ZifZifrSm vlawGMum;xJnyfaeojzifh tawmfae&cufae[ef wlonf/ NyD;awmh olYeHab;rSm uyfvsufu EGm;EdkYonf
ukvm;tbdk;BuD;/ uRefawmfu olYudkjyHK;jyvdkuf&m olu rsufESmudkrJhNyD; eSmacgif; ½HIUjyonf/
bm;vrf;rSwfwdkifa&mufaomtcg vlawGudk twif;wdk;a0SYz,f½Sm;NyD; qif;cJh&onf/
]]b,fvkdvJ ZifZif . . . bwfpfum;pD;&wm . . . }}
olu [l;ceJvkyfNyD; . . .
]]um;u usyfvdkufwm . . . vludkacR;jyefoGm;wmyJ . . . NyD;awmh Zifhab;u tbdk;BuD;uvnf; EGm;EkdUnSDapmfeHvdkuf

wm . . . }}
uRefawmf auseyfoGm;onf/
]]'DvdkyJav ZifZif&JU . . . udk,fydkifum;r½SdwJhvlawG? wpfusyfum;rpD;EdkifwJhvlawG[m bwfpfum;udkyJ 'ku©cHwdk;a0SYNyD;

aeYpOfeJYtrQ pD;aeMu&wm . . . }}
oljyefajymaom pum;u . . .
]]'Dbwfpfum;BuD;awGu usyfw,fqdkayrJh vl;omvGefYom ½Sdygao;w,f . . . }}
uRefawmf arhaejcif;jzpfonf/ wpfcgwpfav ausmif;csdefeD;aevQif ol av;oD;oefYpD;NyD; pdefaygrSwfwdkifusrS

um;ajymif;pD;wwfonf/
oifcef;pmtrSwfwpfuawmh olYtwGuf odyfrxl;jcm;acs/ ta&;rBuD;/ quf&ef ½Sdao;onf/
'kwd,tpDtpOft& olUudkvrf;avQmufcdkif;rnf/ ajcaxmufawG anmif;avmufatmif avQmufcdkif;rnf/ vrf;avQmuf

&if;u jyp&m½SdwmawG jyrnf/
t&ifqHk; ukefwkdufESpfudk ac:oGm;onf/ ypönf;wdk;aeolawGudk jyonf/ acR;awGoHawGESifh jzpfaomfvnf; 0wf

aumif;pm;vS0wfí vG,ftdwfvG,folvG,f? ydkufqHtdwfukdifoludkifESifh ukefwdkufatmufxyfrSm vrf;ovm;aeMuol trsdK;
om;? trsdK;orD;rsm;udk jyonf/ wpfqifhjyefaumufolrsm;/ NyD;awmh xdkolrsm;xHrS ypönf;awGudk odrf;usHK;0,fNyD; qdkifwGif
a&mif;csolrsm; ½Sd&m odrfBuD;aps;udk vdkufjyonf/
odrfBuD;aps;xJu xGufvmNyD;aemuf uDvDaps;udk ac:oGm;onf/ c&D;u awmfawmfvSrf;ao;onf/ um;pD;oGm;vkdY&

aomfvnf; wrifvrf;avQmufac:oGm;onf/ olodyfawmh rqdk;? rnnf;rnLbJ vkdufvmonf/
]]uDvDaps;rSm bmoGm;vkyfrSmvJ . . . }}
[líawmh ar;onf/
]]ZifZifa&mufzl;w,f ½Sdatmifaygh . . . aemufqdk&if ZifZifu tdrf½SifrBuD;jzpfawmhrSm r[kwfvm; . . . aps;awGbm

awG 0if&rSmr[kwfvm; . . . 'gaMumifh avhvmzdkY vkdufjyrvdkY . . . }}
uDvDaps;onf vufum;aps;qefonf/ tjcm;aps;awGrSm wpfqifhjyefa&mif;zdkYtwGuf uDvDaps;rSm vm0,fMu&onf/

xkdYaMumifh aps;uGJcsdefjzpfonfhwdkif tkwftkwfusufusuf ½Sdaewkef;yif/
113 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
atmf[pfoH? um;oH? aps;ac:oHawG qlnHaeonf/ te,fe,f t&yf&yfrS avSor®mefrsm;? oabmFrsm;? armfawmfum;
rsm;jzifh a&mufvmaom [if;oD;[if;½Gufrsm;? opfoD;0vHrsm;? ig;ykpGefrsm;udk o,fcs ajymif;a½TUaeMuonf/ ykcHk;xrf;? Tvkyf
orm;rsm;u awmif;rsm;? aowÅmBuD;rsm;udk o,fNyD; ukefum;BuD;awGtay: wifay;aeMu\/
ZifZifu jyyGJcef;xJ a&mufaeaom uav;i,fwpfa,mufvdk jrifjrifu&m txl;tqef;awGvdk avQmufMunfhae\/

uRefawmfuawmh i,fi,fwkef;u uRefawmfwdkYarmifESrudk tazu oabFmqdyfac:vmNyD; ynmrwwfvQif ulvDxrf;&rnf[k
qHk;rcJhonfudk owd&rdonf/
ykcHk;xrf;tvkyform;rsm;onf [kdt&iftacgufawGuvdk r[kwfawmh/ tpnf;t½Hk;awGbmawGESifh pepfwus½dSaeNyD;

wpfaeYwpfaeY 0ifaiGav;ig;q,f &aeMuNyD[k Mum;zl;onf/ bmyJjzpfjzpf cGeftm;oHk;í yifyifyef;yef; vkyfMu&onfawmh
trSefyif/ xkdtaMumif;ukdawmh ZifZifhudk ajymrjzpfacs/
wjcm;aps;awGrSm wpfqifhjyefa&mif;&rnfh aps;onfuav;rsm;onf rdrdwdkYvdkcsifaom ukefypönf;udk aps;vnf;rSefrSef?

ypönf;vnf;vwfvwf&atmif BudK;pm; ½SmazGaeMu\/
t0ifenf;aeaomukefqkdvQif r&r½Sdatmif tvkt,uf0,fMu&onf/ aps;onfawGa&m? aps;0,fawGa&m at;at;

aq;aq;r½SdMu/ tm;vHk; okwfokwfysmysm/ pum;ajym&mrSmyif jrefjrefoGufoGufajymMuonf/
aps;onfawGxJwGif rdef;uav;i,frsm;vnf; yg0if\/ ZifZifwdkYt½G,f aumifrav;rsm;rSm tvStyudk *½krpdkufEdkif/

rdk;tHkYaeonfhwdkif olwkdYtusÐausmbufrSm acR;uGufawGpGef;aeNyD; rsufESmay:rSm oeyfcg;? rdwfuyfwdkYvnf; uGufwduGuf
usm; jzpfaeNyD/ em;o,fpyfrSm acR;pD;aMumif;awGESifh? zufoDzufoD ajy;vTm;vIyf½Sm;aeMuonf/
]]awGYvm; ZifZif . . . pm;0wfaea&;twGuf ½kef;uefvIyf½Sm;Mu&wm rvG,fbl; . . .}}
uRefawmf uajymvkdufonf/ olu jyefí . . .
]]ynmrwwfawmhvnf; 'DvdkyJ yifyef;Mu&½Smwmygh udkudk&,f . . . }} [k ajymonf/
]]ynmwwfwm rwwfwmeJY rqdkifbl; ZifZif . . . tajctaet& ynmwwfayr,hf yifyifyef;yef; vkyf&wmvnf;

½Sdw,f . . . udk,fholi,fcsif;wpfa,mufqdk&if bGJY&NyD;NyD . . . tck ukefpdrf;a&mif;aew,f . . . oluajymjyw,f . . . ukefpdrf;
udk vwfvwfqwfqwfvdkcsif&if reufav;em&DavmufuxNyD; vm&w,fwJh . . . wpfcgwpfav nq,fhwpfem&D q,fhESpf
em&Dxd apmifh,l&wmrsdK;vnf; ½Sdw,fwJh . . . }}
]]bmyJjzpfjzpfav ynmwwfxm;awmh wpfyef;omwmaygh . . . }}
olajymwmrSefaeojzifh uRefawmf qufrajymawmhbJaeonf/ tvkyfwpfckvkyfzdkUqdkonfrSm vufwifuav; cyfvG,f

vG,f rjzpfEkdifaMumif;udkawmh odoGm;avmufygNyD/
uDvDaps;xJu jyefxGuftvmwGif . . .
]]qmvdkufwm udkudk&,f . . . }} [k oluajymonf/
uRefawmfvnf; awmfawmfqmaeNyD/
]]qm&if xrif;pm;Muwmaygh . . . }}
]][m . . . xrif;u tdrfrSm tjrJpm;ae&wm . . . rav; ½Sm;acgufqGJ pm;&atmif . . . }}

114 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]ZifZifhudk pm;vdkYaumif;wJhxrif; auR;csifvdkY . . . ZifZifpm;zl;rSm r[kwfao;bl; . . . }}
þonfrSm uRefawmf\wwd,tpDtpOfjzpf\/ olYudk cspfwD;xrif;qdkifac:oGm;onf/ qdkifxJ 0ifvdkufvQifyif

ZifZifu rsufarSmifukwfNyD; tcif;tusif;udk Munfhaeonf/
qdkifu tvif;a&mif aumif;pGmr0ifojzifh arSmifukyfukyfjzpfaeonf/ xrif;pm;aeMuoltrsm;pkrSm tdEd´,trsdK;om;

rsm; jzpfonf/ usefolrsm;rSmvnf; qdyfurf;rS ukefwifukefcs tvkyform;rsm; jzpf[efwlonf/ acR;awGoHawGESifh rsufESmawG
vufawGrSmvnf; zGJrIefYawGvm; bmawGvm;rod ayuyfae\/
olbmrQ rajymEdkifrD uRefawmfu . . .
]]vm ZifZif . . . 'DbufrSm xdkif&atmif . . . }}
vGwfaeaom pm;yGJwpfckrSm xdkifcdkif;onf/ uRefawmfwdkYxdkifvkdufvQifyif pm;yGJxdk;uav;wpfa,muf tajy;tvTm;

a&mufvmNyD; . . .
]]bm[if;eJYpm;rvJ q&m . . . }}
]]bmawG &vJ . . . }}
]]Muufom;? qdwfom;? ig; ? qdwfacgif;? qdwfuvDpm? bJO . . . }}
uRefawmf ZifZifhbufvSnfhNyD; . . .
]]bm[if;eJUpm;rvJ . . .}}
ar;onf/ olonf pm;yGJay:rSm zdwfusayusHaeaom yJ[if;&nfrsm;udk Munfhae&mrS . . .
]][ifhtif; . . . rodbl; . . . pm;csifwm rSmav . . . }} [k ajymonf/ uRefawmfu jyHK;í . . .
]]Muufom;wpfyGJ? qdwfuvDpmwpfyGJ . . . }}
pm;yGJxdk;uav;u . . . ]]MuufwpfyGJ? qdwfuvDpmwpfyGJ? pm;r,f . . . }} [k atmfvkdufonf/ pm;yGJay: iSufaysm½Guf

awGvmcif;\/ wpfqufwnf;rSmyif wpfa,mufu iSufaysm½GufawGay: xrif;vmyHkxnfhay;onf/
ZifZifu yg;pyfta[mif;om;ESifhMunfhNyD; . . .
]][if . . . 'Dtwdkif;pm;&r,f . . . }}
]][kwfw,fav . . . 'g olwdkYvlrsdK;xHk;pHyJ . . . cspfwD;xrif;pm;&if 'Dvdkpm;rS t&om½Sdwm . . . }}
ajymvdkUrqHk;cif pm;yGJxdk;wpfa,mufu csdKifhawG cGufawGudkifía&mufvmonf/ yJ[if;qrf;ay;onf/ a½SmufoD;oeyf

ESifh bm*sDaMumfac: [if;oD;[if;&GufaMumfudk yHkay;onf/ wpfa,mufu [if;cGufrsm;ESifh rwfcGufESpfcGufvmcsonf/ ajymif
vufaeatmif wdkufxm;aom owåKa&cGuf½Snfuav;ESpfcGufvnf; vmcsay;onf/
olu taMumifom; ai;Munfhae\/ uRefawmfu Muufom;ESifhqdwfuvDpmudk olYxJcyfxnfhay;NyD; . . .
]]pm;av ZifZif . . . }}
115 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
[k ajymonf/ olu . . .
]]vufvnf; raq;&ao;bl; . . . }}
]][m . . . [kwfom;yJ . . . vm . . . vm . . . }}
a&pnfydkif;jywfuav;½Sd&modkY c:oGm;NyD; vufaq;cdkif;onf/ qyfjymu oajyndK qyfjymrnf;rnf;/
xrif;pm;yGJrSm jyefxdkifMuNyD;awmh uRefawmfu ajymonf/
]]pm;av . . . tm;&yg;& pm; . . . xHk;pHu t0pm;&wmyJ . . . xrif;wdkYyJ[if;wdkY bm*sDaMumfwdkY BudKufoavmuf

xyfawmif;vdkU&w,f . . . }}
olu tom;enf;enf;zJh? xrif;vkyfwpfvkyfESpfvkyfavmufudk wdkUueef; qdwfeef;pm;aeonf/ uRefawmfu wrif

wum tm;&yg;&pm;jyonf/ wu,fvnf; qmaewmudk;/ cPcsif;rSmyif ajymifoGm;ojzifh xrif;ESifhyJ[if; xyfxnfhcdkif;&
onf/ olYudkMunfhaomtcg oHk;yHkwpfyHkavmufawmh usdK;aeaMumif;awGY&\/
uRefawmf 'kwd,tBudrfxrif;xnfhaomtcg olvnf; ukefvkeD;aeonfudk jrifojzifh . . .
]]ZifZif . . . xrif;,lOD;rvm; . . . }} [k ar;vdkufonf/ olu uRefawmfhudkMunfh&if; pyfjzJjzJjzpfvmonf/ ]][D;[D;

. . . }} [k &,fvdkufNyD; . . .
]]vrf;avQmuf&vdkY AdkufqmoGm;wmeJY awmfawmfpm;vdkY0ifoGm;w,f . . . enf;enf;awmh xyf,lOD;rS . . . }}
pm;yGJxdk;uav;u tqifoifhapmifhaeNyD; xrif;xnfhay;onf/ yJ[if;qrf;ay;onf/
]]bm*sDaMumf,lOD;rvm; tpfr . . . }} [k ZifZifhudk ar;&m . . .
]]tif; ,lr,f? [dktcsOfvnf; enf;enf;ay;}}
[k jyefajymonf/ olonf cPcsif;rSmyif 'DqdkifESifh aeom;usoGm;ojzifh uRefawmf enf;enf;awmh thHMooGm;rdonf/

ckvnf; xrif;ESifhyJ[if;udk e,fzufNyD; tm;&yg;&pm;aeonf/ rwfcGufxJrS [if;csdKudk ,ljrnf;MunfhNyD; . . .
]]rqdk;bl; . . . csOfjzHK;jzHK;eJY . . . bmac:vJ . . . }} [k ar;onf/
]]rvkyfoeDvdkUac:w,f . . . refusnf;oD;[if;csdKaygh . . . }}
oG,fvsaom vufacsmif;? eD&Jaom vufonf;uav;awGrSm yJ[if;awGayusHaeonfudk uRefawmf owdjyKí Munfh

rdonf/ oluawmh [if;csdKwpfusdKuf? xrif;wpfvkwfjzifh jrdef&nf,Suf&nf pm;aeav\/
]]uJ . . . Adkufawmh jynfhoGm;NyD . . . b,foGm;OD;rSmvJ . . . }}
a&aomuf&if;u olar;onf/
]]½kyf½SifMunfhr,fav . . . }}
]]Edkufpf . . . odyfaumif;wJh tpDtpOfyJ . . . }}
116 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
xrif;qdkifESifh ½kyf½Sif½HkawGu awmfawmfvSrf;ao;onf/ oluawmh b,fvdkaervJrod/ uRefawmfawmif vrf;
avQmuf&ojzifh awmfawmfanmif;aeNyD/
]]ZifZif . . . vrf;avQmufEdkifao;&JUvm; . . . anmif;aeNyDvm; . . . }}
uRefawmf ar;&m . . .
]]anmif;wmuawmh 'Davmuf r[kwfao;bl; . . . Adkufav;aewm cufw,f . . . }}
]]'gqdkvnf; um;pD;oGm;Muwmaygh}}
uRefawmf wpfxpfavQmhay;vdkufonf/ uRefawmfhtpDtpOf rNyD;ao;? usefaeao;onf/ &kyf&SifMunfh&mwGif

cgwdkif;vdk tay:xyfuyif Munhfvdrfhrnf[k olwGufxm;ayvdrfhrnf/ r[kwf/
um;ay:u qif;NyD; ½kyf½Sif½HkawGbuf avQmuftvmwGif . . .
]]ZifZif . . . wpfusyfcJGwef;u Munfhzl;vm; . . . }}
]][ifhtif; . . . rMunfhzl;bl; . . . }}
]]wpfusyfcGJwef;u Munfh&atmif . . . }}
]]wpfusyfcGJwef;qdk wef;pD&rSmaygh . . . vlawGvnf; wdk;&rSmyJ . . . }}
]]tJ'Dvdkwdk;&wm b,fvdkaeovJqdkwm tawGUtBuHKwpfck&wmaygh . . . r[kwfbl;vm; . . . }}
]]vkyfvkdufav . . . }}
]]bmum;MunfhrvJ . . . }}
]]jrefrmum;yJ Munfh&atmif . . . cspfESif;qDvSvSav; Munfhcsifw,f . . . }}
½Hka½SUrSm vlawmfawmfrsm;aeNyD/ wpfusyfcGJwef;rSm wef;pDaeaom vlwef;uvnf; tawmf½Snfae\/
]]vlrsm;vdkufwm . . . &yghrvm; . . . }}
olu ajymonf/
]]&ygw,f . . . vmyg . . . }}
olYudka½SUuaecdkif;onf/ olYa½SUrSm rdef;rBuD;wpfa,muf½Sdaeonf/ cPtMumwGif uRefawmfwdkUaemufu xyfpDol

awG a&mufvm\/ vufrSwfa&mif;rnfhtcsdefeD;vmav vlwef;u ydk½Snfvmav/ ajrGvdrfajrGaumufjzpfvm\
apmapmu rdk;tHkYae&mrS aeylvmjyefonf/ tumtuG,frJhaeaom uRefawmfwdkYtay: aea&mifu wdkuf½dkufusvm\/

yltdkufNyD; acR;jyefvmonf/ aMuGrdwfuyfvdrf;xm;aom ZifZifhrsufESmuav;onfyif tqDa0hNyD; ajymifaeonf/
]]tdkufvdkufwm . . . a&cJa& aomufcsifw,f . . . }}

117 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
[k oluajymojzifh a&cJa&onfudk ESpfcGuf vSrf;rSm&onf/ aeylBuD;xJrSm aemufxyf q,fhig;rdepfavmufawmh &yf
ae&OD;rnf/
yl&tdkuf&wJhMum;xJ apmapmu vrf;avQmufcJh&onfht½SdefaMumifh ajcovHk;awGawmifhae\/ uRefawmfwpfa,muf

wnf;omqdkvQif qufNyD;wef;rpDyJ xGufoGm;rdrvm; rod/ ckawmh olYudk wpfusyfcGJwef;uMunfhrnf[k ajymvufppum;
½Sdaeojzifh qufNyD; pDae&\/
]]ZifZif ranmif;bl;vm; . . . }}
]]anmif;wmaygh . . . 'gayrJh &ygw,f . . . ½HkxJusawmh tMumBuD;xkdif&OD;rSmyJ . . . }}
cPtMumwGif vlwef;BuD; vIyfvIyf½G½Gjzpfvmonf/ vufrSwfay;awmhrnf/ apmapmu cyfcsJcsJpDxm;aom vlrsm;

onf Mum;0ifrwdk;Edkifatmif a½SUvlaemufvl aphaeatmif wGef;xm;Muonf/ jynfolY&JwyfzGJY0ifESpfOD;u wef;pDaeolawGudk
xdef;odrf;ay;&ef ab;rS acgufwkHYacgufjyef avQmufaeMuavonf/
vufrSwf pay;NyD/ vlawG ydkí vIyf½Sm;vmonf/ toHawG nHnHpDpD xGufvmonf/ ydkí wdk;vmonf/ a½SUodkUa½GU
onfqdk½HkrQ wa½GUa½GUwdk;vmonf/
vufrSwfaygufESifh eD;vmav ydkíwdk;vmavyif jzpfonf/ ZifZifonf uRefawmfESifh a½SUurdef;rBuD;Mum;wGif nyfae

onf/ 'DMum;xJu ol uRefawmfhudk vSnfhMunfhNyD; ]rvG,fbl;} qdkonfh rsufESmxm;rsdK;vkyfjyonf/
uRefawmfwdkYa½SUrS vlESpfq,favmufom ½Sdawmhonf/ vlawGuvnf; ydkí wdk;Budwfvmonf/ wpfcsufwpfcsuf

aqmifhwGef;Muojzifh vlwef;tjyifudk xGufroGm;atmif renf;BuD; xdef;ae&onf/
ZifZif\ udk,fuav;onf uRefawmfh&ifcGifxJrSm a&mufaeonf/ ckcsdefrSm xdktjzpfudk om,mrdzdkU tcsdefr&acs/
]]a[h . . . odyfrwdk;eJYav . . . }}
a½SUu rdef;rBuD;u ajym&m . . .
]]aemufu wdk;aewm . . . }}
[k ZifZifu jyefajymonf/
vlwef;BuD;rSm ajzmifhajzmifhwef;wef; rjzpfawmh/ auGUauGUaumufaumuf jzpfaeonf/
xdktcsdefwGif aemufu t½dSefESifh 0kef;ceJaqmifhwdk;vdkuf&m uRefawmfonf r[efEdkifyJ ,dkifoGm;onf/ aemufwpfBudrf

wGif rxdef;EdkifawmhbJ vlwef;tjyifbufudk uRefawmf vGifhpOfxGufoGm;\/
uRefawmfu vlwef;twGif;odkY jyef0ifzkdYBudK;pm;onf/ r&awmh/ vlwef;onf csufcsif;jyefaphoGm;\/ uRefawmfu

ZifZifaemufodkY twif;wdk;0ifonf/ xdktcg aemufu vlrsm;u . . .
]]a[h . . . bmvkyfwmvJ . . . }}
]]Mum;rjzwfeJYuG . . . }}
]]qGJxkwf . . . }}
118 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
uRefawmfu . . . ]]r[kwfbl;As . . . uRefawmfh ae&m . . . }} qdkNyD; 0ifwdk;aomfvnf; r&/ wpfpHkwpfa,mufu
uRefawmfhudk ukyfuudkifNyD; qGJxkwfvkdufonf/ uRefawmf aemufudk,dkifNyD; ygoGm;\/ qwfceJ vSnfhMunfhonf/
jynfolY&JwyfzGJY0if wpfOD;/
]]bmjzpfvdkY Mum;jzwf0ifwmvJ . . . emcsifvkdYvm; . . . }}
]]r[kwfbl;As . . . uRefawmf pDxm;wmyJ . . . aemufu 'Dtwdkif;wdk;vdkU tjyifa&mufvmwm . . . r,Hk&if olYudkar;

Munfh . . . oleJYuRefawmf wlwlpDwm . . . }}
uRefawmfu ZifZifhudk vufnd§K;xdk;jyonf/ ZifZifuawmh vlwef;xJrSm ½Sdaewkef;/ olonf olYa½SUu rdef;rBuD;udk

twif;wG,fuyfxm;ojzifh vGifhxGufrvmjcif; jzpfonf/
ZifZifu . . .
]][kwfw,f . . . uRefrwdkYESpfa,muf wlwlvmwm . . . r,Hk&if 'Dta':BuD;udk ar;Munfh . . . }}
]]tvdkawmf . . . ½Iyf½Iyf,Suf,Suf . . . usKyf bmrSrodbl; . . . }}
[k ajAmifBuD;jiif;vkdufojzifh aemufu vlawGuvnf; ][kwfw,f . . . rodbl; . . . } [k 0dkif;atmfMuonf/

uRefawmhfaemufrSmpDaeoludk tultnDawmif;rnf MuHonf/
xkdolrSm cktcg ZifZifhaemufudk a&mufaeNyD/ ZifZif\ aemufrSmuyfae&ojzifh auseyfaeyHk&onf/ olYrsufESmxm;udk

uRefawmf rBudKuf/ xdkaMumifh . . .
]]ZifZif . . . vm . . . xGufcJhawmh . . . }}
qdkNyD; vlwef;xJu qGJxkwfonf/ ZifZifonf vlwef;xJu tjyifudk ygvmaomfvnf; . . .
]]tdk . . . bmvdkY xGufay;&rSmvJ . . . 'Dvkd rw&m;vkyfvdkY &rvm; . . . }} [k ajymonf/
rdef;rBuD;u olYudkapmif;ajymwmyJ qdkNyD; . . .
]]tr,f . . . bmajymw,f . . . ½kyfuav; oem;urm;eJYawmf . . . awmfawmfpGmygvm; . . . }}
ZifZifu qwfceJ vSnfhMunfhNyD; . . .
]][kwfw,f? pGmw,f? bmjzpfvJ/ owdå&Sd&ifxGufchJ ygvm;}}
[k pdefac:vdkufonf/
jynfolY&JwyfzGJY0ifonf ZifZifuJhodkY om;om;em;em; rdef;uav;wpfa,mufu uwfuwfvef &efawGYaeojzifh

bm0ifajym&rSef;rodyJ aMumifawmifawmif jzpfae\/
rdef;rBuD;onf xGufrvm/ olxGufvmvQif ae&maysmufoGm;rSmpdk;vdkUvm;? ZifZifhudk jzHKoGm;vdkYvm; rod/
vlwef;xJuyif . . .
]][if . . . &J&if a½SUwdk;vmcJhav . . . }}

119 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
[k wHkUjyefonf/
ZifZifu a½SUwdk;&ef ajcvSrf;jyif\/
uRefawmfvnf; ckrS owd0ifvmNyD; olYvufarmif;udk zrf;qGJvdkuf&onf/ vlawGuvnf; yGJBuD;yGJaumif; Munfh&

awmhrnf qdkNyD; 0dkif;MunfhaeMu\/
uRefawmf ½Sufpdwfjzifh xlyloGm;onf/
]]vmyg ZifZif&,f . . . ajymraeygeJUawmh . . . }}
ZifZifu olYvufarmif;udk udkifxm;aom uRefawmfhvufudk qGJz,f&if; . . .
]]vludk bmrSwfaevdkYvJ . . b,folYrS raMumufbl; odvm; . . . }}
uRefawmfvnf; . . .
]]vmyg . . . ZifZifuvnf; . . . }}
qdkNyD; olYudk twif;qGJac:cJh&onf/ olonf qkwfuefqkwfuefESifhygvm&if; aemufudk rausreyfjzifh vSnfhMunfh

vSnfhMunfhvkyfaeonf/
jynfolY&JwyfzGJU0ifBuD;um; ai;Munfh&if; usefcJh½Smavownf;/
(14)
]][m; . . . [m; . . . olYudk ynmay;wm oluynmr&yJ rif;u ynm&vmwmaygh . . . [kwfvm; . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;u ajym&if; &,faeonf/
]]rif;rqdk;ygbl; . . . }} [k ajymaeustwdkif; aighrvm;[k xifrdao;onf/ ajymawmhrajym/ odkY&mwGif olY[efu

ajymaeonfhyHkrdsK;/
]]at;uGm . . . ig rxifbl; . . . ZifZifu awmfawmfpGmwmyJ . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;u wpfpHkwpfck jyefajymrnfjyKpOf qdkifudk vlwpfa,muf a&mufvmojzifh rajymjzpfvkduf/
]]bmvdkcsifvdkYvJ . . . Munfhyg . . . atmfwdkrufwpfvm;? oHywfvm; . . . }}
[dkvlu ]]Munfhwmyg . . . }} [kajymNyD; xGufoGm;\/
]]aeprf;ygOD;uG . . . rif;u bmoabmeJY tJ'Dvdk avQmufvkyf&wmvJ . . . wpfusyfcGJwef;u 0ifwdk;cdkif;wmwdkY . . .

cspfwD;qdkifrSm pm;cdkif;wmwdkY . . . bwfpfum; wdk;pD;cdkif;wmwdkY . . . }}
]]olu aewmxdkifwm ajymwmqdkwm av;av;eufeuf r½Sdbl;uGm . . . olYausmif;&,f? olYtdrf&,f

tJ'Dtodkuft0ef;avmufyJ odw,f . . . 'gaMumifh olYudk tjrifus,foGm;atmif vkdufjywm . . .}}
]]tJ'Dawmh tjrifus,foGm;a&m qdkygawmh . . . }}
uRefawmf rajz/ a&ykvif;udk zGifhí wpfiHkarmhaomufvkdufonf/
]]aomufyg . . . rif;u a&iHkaewmayghav . . . }}
uRefawmfu jyHK;½Hkom/ olu qufí . . .
]]rif;u qEávmBuD;wmudk;uG . . . 'grsdK;qdkwmu oGm;&if;vm&if; BuHK&ifBuHKovdk ajymjy&w,f . . .

rodromwjznf;jznf; pnf;½Hk;,l&wmrsdK;yJ . . . rif; tckvkyfyHku wpfaeYwnf;eJY rif;ajymcsifwm jycsifwmawGudk w&Murf;
121 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
vdkufjyawmh olYudk txl;tqef;awG vdkufjyovdk jzpfoGm;wmaygh . . . awmpcef;xGuf&ovdk aysmfp&mpGefYpm;cef;awGvdkY ol
xifoGm;wmaygh . . . }}
]]at;uGm . . . rif;ajymwmvnf; [kwfwmyJ . . . }}
]]rif;vkyfoifhwmu olYudk pmrsm;rsm;zwfcdkif;uG . . . tJ'gqdk todÚmPf&ifhusufvmvdrfhr,f . . . 'DawmhrS vufawGY

b0udk jy&r,f . . . jyw,fqdkwmrSvnf; odyfjyif;jyif;xefxef vkyfjyp&mrvdkbl; . . . bmjzpfvkdYvJqdkawmh rif;a&m ola&m
aemufcHtiftm; ½dSaewmyJ . . . odyfEGrf;yg;edrfhuswJh tajctaeudk a&mufroGm;Edkifygbl; . . . pmemwwf? em;vnfwwf
atmifawmh ajymjyxm;&rSmaygh . . . }}
]]bmyJjzpfjzpfav . . . wu,fvdkY BuHKvm&wJhtcg cHEdkif&nf½SdzdkUawmh vdkwmaygh . . . }}
]]'DrSm 0if;udk . . . vli,fawG[m . . . at;av. . . vli,fqdkawmh igwdkYvnf; ygwmaygh . . . xm;ygawmhuGm

vli,fawGyJ . . . olwdkY[m Munfhvkduf&if ayghayghae? ayghayghpm;vkdYxif&ayr,hf wu,fta&;BuHKwJhtcg cHEdkif&nf ½SdwwfMu
w,fuG . . . ckyJ Munfh . . . ydkNyD; cHEdkif&nf½Sdao;w,f r[kwfvm; . . . rif; ZifZifhudk txifrao;eJYaemf . . . ol[m touf
t&G,f&vmwmeJYtrQ &ifhusufwnfjidrfvmvdrfhr,fvdkY igxifw,f . . . rif;&JU xdef;odrf;jyKjyifrItay:rSm rlwnfNyD;awmhaygh
av . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;\pum;aMumifh uRefawmf tm;wufvmrdjyefonf/
*
odkY&mwGif aemufwpfBudrfjyefawGYaomtcg ZifZifonf uav;qefjrJqefaeonfudk awGY&jyefavonf/
[dkwpfaeYu ½kyf½SifrMunfhvdkuf&yJ wpfacgufjyefvmcJh&ojzifh pdwfrausyJGxyfoGm;Mujcif; jzpfonf/ wpfusyfcGJwef;

u0ifwdk;Muwmawmh r[kwfawmhacs/ ig;usyfwef;uMunfhMujcif; jzpfonf/ olYtzdkY wpfusyfcGJwef;u wdk;&onfh ]t&om}udk
odoGm;NyD r[kwfvm;/
olonf xHk;pHtwdkif; tmvl;aMumf? ig;rkefYaMumf? tcsOfxkyfponfwdkY 0,fvmonf/ NyD;awmh wpfxkyfNyD; wpfxkyf

azmufpm;onf/ uRefawmfhudkvnf; cGHYauR;onf/ NyD;awmh xHk;pHtwdkif; olYxHrS EIwfcrf;eDeHY? ZD;xkyfeHYESifh ESif;&nfeHYwdkYa&m
aeaom tmcHwGif;eHYudk&onf/ xdktcg xHk;pHtwdkif; . . .
]]udkudk . . . }} [k ac:onf/
]][if . . . }}
]]pm;rvm; . . . }}
uRefawmhfyg;pyfem;odkY wpfpHkwpfck vmawhay;onf/ teHYu oif;ceJ jzpfoGm;\/
]]bmvJ . . . }}
uRefawmfu ar;onf/
]]yDauyg . . . }}
]][m . . . udk,frpm;csifbl; . . . }}
122 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
yDaupm;wm uav;uvm;Edkifonf[k uRefawmf xifaomaMumifh jzpfonf/
]]pm;yg udkudk&JU . . . }}
]]udk,f rpm;csifvkdYyg . . . }}
]][ihftif; . . . r&bl; . . . Zifhudkcspf&if pm;&r,f . . . }}
uJ . . . Munfh? azmufvmNyD/ Zifhudkcspf&if "l0HMu,fudk qGwf,lay;yg/ odkYwnf;r[kwf &efukefjrdKUu vrf;awGudk

nDoGm;atmif a½Gay:xdk;ay;ygqdkvQif awmfao;onf/ ckawmh olYudk cspf&if yDaupm;&rwJh/
]]ZifZifuvnf; . . . }}
]]pm;rvm; rpm;bl;vm; . . . }}
]]uJuJ pm;r,f . . . }}
olauseyfatmif yg;pyf[ay;vkduf&onf/ yg;pyfxJ a&mufvmawmhvnf; r0g;bJaevdkYr&ojzifh 0g;aevkduf&onf/
cPMumawmh tcsdK"mwfukefoGm;NyD; a&mfbmudk 0g;&ovdkjzpfvmonf/
]]udkudk . . . }}
ol ac:jyefonf/ yDau0g;&if; ac:aom toHjzpfojzifh ryDro jzpfaeonf/
]]tif; . . . }} [k uRefawmf xl;onf/
]]yDaucsif; vJNyD; pm;&atmif . . . }}
]][if . . . }} [lí tmar#dwfjyKrd\/b,fhES,f yDaucsif; vJNyD;pm;&rSmvJ/
]][m . . . ZifZifuvnf; . . . }}
]]bmvJ . . . udkudku ½GHvdkYvm; . . . }}
]]r[kwfygbl; ZifZif&,f . . . [dk . . . }}
]]vkyfraeeJY . . . vJrvm; rvJbl;vm; . . . }}
]]tif; . . . [dk; . . . &ygw,f . . . }}
r&vdkYvnf; rjzpf/ olYpdwfu ,Hk&onf r[kwf? rawmf pdwfqdk;NyD; ½HkxJu xGufoGm;rSm pdk;&onf/
]]ay;av . . . udkudkYyDau . . . }}
uRefawmhfyg;pyfu yDauudk xkwfvkduf&onf/
]]cGHYay; . . . }}
123 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
olYyg;pyfxJ cGHYay;vdkuf&\/
]]tifh . . . }}
olYyDauudk uRefawmfhyg;pyfxJ vmxnfhonf/
uRefawmfonf ol0g;xm;aom yDauudk 0g;&ojzifh ½GHuawmh r½GHyg/ pdwfxJu wpfrsdK;BuD;yJ/
Zifhudkcspf&if tJ'DyDaueJY ylazmif;rIwfjyyg[k rckdif;onfyif aus;Zl;wif&ayrnf/
(15)
jyóemwpfck ay:aygufvm\/ jyóemjzpfaeNyD [líawmh wpfxpfcsrajymEdkifao;/ odkY&mwGif jyoem\

teHYtoufudk ½I½dIufrdonf[kqdkEdkifonf/
udkaqGaeraumif;ojzifh olYoli,fcsif;wpfa,mufudk *sLwDtpm;0ifay;zdkYajymcdkif;ojzifh xGufvmcJhonf/ xdkoli,f

csif;qdkolu tdrfrSmr½Sd/
olYrdef;ru . . .
]]jrdKUxJxGufoGm;w,f . . . naeapmif;qdk&ifawmh csdzfatmfzpfqmeJY atmifyifv,frSm csdef;xm;w,fajymw,f . . .

odvm; tJ'Dqkdif . . . }}
]]odygw,f . . . }}
atmifyifv,f pm;aomufqdkifodkY vdkufoGm;onf/ udkaqGYoli,fcsif;udk awGYonf/ udkaqG rSmonfudk ajymjy&onf/

olu pdwfcsyg[k txyfxyfajymaeonf/ aomufwm enf;enf;rsm;ojzifh ajymNyD;om; pum;udk xyfcgxyfcg ajymaejcif;
jzpfonf/ uRefawmfhudk twif;wdkufojzifh renf;awmif;yefNyD; xGufcJh&onf/
um;rSwfwdkifodkYtvmwGif aemufu uRefawmfhemrnfac:oHvdkvdkMum;&\/ vSnfhMunfhawmh ZifZifwdkYvrf;xdyf vuf

zuf&nfqdkifu udkrsdK;jrifh/
]]a[haumif . . . aysmufvScsnfvm;uG . . . ighqdkifbufawmif rvmwmMumNyD . . . }}
]]at;Asm . . . uRefawmfu olYudk ausmif;rSmyJ oGm;oGm;awGYaewmudk; . . . cifAsm;qdkifrSm xdkifapmifhp&mrS rvdkawmhyJ

. . . }}
]]vdkw,fuG . . . apmifhzdkYvdkw,f . . . }}
]]bmjzpfvdkY . . . }}
]]rif;udk igajymp&m½Sdw,f . . . vmuGm . . . vufzuf&nf aomuf&atmif . . . }}
]][m; . . . vufzuf&nfqdkifzGifhxm;wJhvlu wjcm;qdkifrSm ydkufqHay;aomufrvkdYvm; . . . }}

125 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]rif;udk ig at;at;aq;aq; pum;ajymcsifvdkYyg . . .}}
a½TjrdKUawmf vufzuf&nfqdkifxJ 0ifcJhMuonf/ vufzuf&nf rSmNyD;aemuf . . .
]]uJ . . . ajymprf;ygOD; . . . bmudpv

ö J . . . bmulnD&rvJ . . . ½Iyf½Iyf,Suf,SufawGawmh rulnDEdkifbl;aemf . . .
rxm;udk jyefwdkifvdkufr,f . . . }}
uRefawmf aemufvkdufonfudk olr&,f? rsufESmu wnfjidrfav;eufaeonf/
]]rif;udk ig owday;p&m ½SdvdkY . . . }}
xifhceJ jzpfoGm;onf/ pdwfyloGm;avmufatmifawmh r[kwf/
]]qdkprf;ygOD; . . . }} [k aNymvdkufNyD; uRefawmf pum;raxmufawmhyJ olUtajymudkom apmifhaeonf/
]]rif; pae we*FaEG wpf&ufavmuf ighqdkifrSm vmxdkifprf;yg . . . }}
]]bmvkyfzdkUvJ . . . }}
]]rif;udk jycsifwm&SdvdkU}}
enf;enf;pdwfylpjyKvmNyD/ vufzuf&nfudk ESpfusdKufavmufESifh ukefatmifaomufvkdufonf/ pdwfjidrfoGm;atmif pD;

u&ufaomufonf/ udkrsdK;jrifhu . . .
]]pae we*FaEGawGvdk aeYawGus&if olwdkYtdrfudk aumifav;wpfa,muf vmvmvnfwwfw,fuG . . . }}
pD;u&ufrD;ckd;awG oD;rwwfjzpfoGm;\/ touf½IrSm;oGm;wmvm; rod/
]]b,folvJ . . . }}
uRefawmf csufcsif;jyefar;onf/
]]b,folvJawmh rodbl;uG . . . qdkifu,feJYvmwmyJ . . . rif;aumifrav;eJY ½G,fwlavmuf½Sdr,f . . . }}
aX;Ekdifudk csufcsif;owd&vdkufonf/ jzpfEdkifonf/
]]olYoli,fcsif;wpfa,mufawmh ½Sdw,f . . . }}
[k cyfjznf;jznf;ajymvkdufrdonf/
]]oli,fcsif;r[kwfEdkifbl; . . . }}
]]cifAsm; bmawG odxm;vJ . . . ajymprf;ygAsm . . . }}
ajymrnfrSef;odvsuf avmaqmfrdav\/
olu . . .
126 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]ighpdwfxJrSm rodk;roefYjzpfrdwmeJY ighrdef;rudk pHkprf;cdkif;w,f . . . 'DvkduG . . . rif;aumifrav;tdrfrSm tvkyfvkyf
aewJhaumifrav;u igwdkYqdkifrSm EGm;EdkYvmvm0,fwwfw,f . . . tJ'Daumifrav;udk ighrdef;ru wD;acgufMunfhawmh olu
ajymw,f . . . }}
ol uRefawmfhudk wpfcsufpdkufMunfhNyD; . . .
tJ'D aumifav;eJY rif;aumifrav;eJY aphpyfxm;w,fwJh . . . }}
]]Asm . . . }}
csufcsif;yif em;xifaMumawG w'dwf'dwf ckefwdk;vmonf/
]]odyfawmh pdwfryleJYOD; . . . [dkaumifrav;u olYpdwfxif &rf;orf;ajymoGm;wmvnf; jzpfEdkifw,f . . . bmyJ

jzpfjzpfav . . . rif;wpf&ufavmufawmh vmMunfhOD;aygh . . . }}
*
udkrsdK;jrifhqdkifrSm oGm;xdkifapmifhaeonf/ paeaeYreufjzpf\/ aeYvnfwdkifonfxd b,folrS rvm/
we*FaEGaeYqufapmifhzdkY oGm;onf/ uRefawmf a&mufvQif udkrsdK;jrifhu . . .
]]rif; enf;enf;av; aemufusoGm;w,fuG . . . }}
]]vmoGm;NyDvm; . . . }}
]]at; . . . 'gayrJh apmifhae . . . jyefawmh rjyefao;bl; . . . }}
ZifZifwdkYtdrfa½SU vSrf;Munfhonf/ qdkifu,fwpfpif; &yfxm;\/ uRefawmf vufzuf&nfwpfcGufaomuf&if; xdkif

apmifhaeonf/ vufzuf&nfonf av½SL&ovdkyif bmt&omrQ r½Sd/
]]rif; bmxyfod&ao;vJ . . . xm; . . . }} [k udkrsdK;jrifhu olYrdef;rudk ar;onf/ rxm;u . . .
]]odyfawmh rxl;jcm;ygbl; . . . olwdkYESpfa,mufawGY&if aemufvkdufajymifvdkuf vkyfaewwfMuw,fqdkwmavmufyJ

od&w,f . . . }}
olwdkY aysmfaeMuovm;? odkYwnf;r[kwf uRefawmfhudk ESpfa,mufaygif;vSdrfhae&ojzifh 0rf;omNyD; [m;aeMuwmvm;/
]]a[m . . . [dkrSm xGufvmNyD . . . }}
rxm;uajymonf/ uRefawmf vSrf;Munfhonf/ aumifav;wpfa,muf tdrfxJuxGufvmonf/ qdkifu,fpD;OD;xkyf

udkaqmif;onf/ qdkifu,fay: wufonf/ tdrfbufqDodkY vufjyEIwfqufonf/ qdkifu,fpufEdI;onf/ t½Sdefjzihf armif;
xGufonf/ qdkifu,fonf qwfceJckefNyD; vSpfceJ½kef;xGuf\/
aX;EdkifrS aX;Edkiftppf/
*
ZifZifhudkMunfh&wmawmh yHkrSeftwdkif;yif/ bmrSvnf; xl;xl;jcm;jcm; ajymif;vJrIr½Sdacs/ uRefawmfhudk ajymqdkquf
qH&mrSmvnf; rvHkrvJjzpfaeonfh [efyef? wpfpHkwpfck zHk;uG,fxm;onfh trlt&mrsdK; rawGU&/
127 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]udkudk . . . aemufqdk&if ausmif;udk cPcPrvmeJYawmhaemf . . . pmar;yGJueD;aeNyD odvm; . . . [dkoGm;'DoGm;vnf;
odyfvkyfvdkU rjzpfawmhbl; . . . }}
]]udk,fhudk cPcPrvmeJYvdkYajymwmu pmar;yGJeD;aevdkYqdkwJh tcsufwpfcsufwnf;aMumifhyJvm; . . . }}
uRefawmfu pum;vrf;cif;vkdufonf/
]]'gaygh udkudk&JU . . . wjcm; bm½Sd&OD;rSmvJ . . . }}
]]ZifZifhudk udk,fwpfckar;r,faemf . . . rSefrSefajzrvm; . . . }}
]]rSefrSefajz&atmif Zifu aA'ifq&mrS r[kwfwm . . . }}
oluaemufaeao;onf/ uRefawmfu r&,fbJ pum;qufonf/
]]ckwavm ZifZifwdkYtdrfrSm {nhfonfawG t0iftxGufrsm;aew,fqdk . . . }}
ol aMumifawmifawmifjzpfoGm;NyD; . . .
]]b,fu {nfhonfawGvJ . . . rvmygbl; . . . }}
]]pae we*FaEGqdk&ifav . . . }}
]][ifhtif; . . . rodbl; . . . }}
uRefawmf jyHK;vdkufonf/
]]{nfhonfwpfa,mufawmh vmygw,f . . . qdkifu,feJYav . . . }}
]]aMomf . . . aX;Edkifvm; . . . 'Daumifpkwfudk {nfhonfpm&if;rSm xnfhrxm;bl; . . . }}
]]'gjzifh tdrf½Sif pm&if;rSm xnfhxm;w,faygh . . . }}
olqwfceJ armhMunfhNyD; . . .
]]udkudk bmudk qdkvdkwmvJ . . . }}
]]aX;EdkifeJYZifZif aphpyfxm;w,fqdk . . . }}
]]aMomf . . . 'gvm . . . aphpyfxm;wm r[kwfygbl; udkudk&JU . . . vlBuD;csif; oabmwlxm;wmyg . . . }}
olu toHvGifvGifuav;jzifh &,fonf/ 'Dvkd udpörsdK;udk &,f&,farmarm ajymaeEdkifojzifh uRefawmf pdwfwdkoGm;\/
]]tJ'Dudpöuawmh &,fp&m r[kwfygbl; . . . udkudk jzpfaeyHkuawmh &,fp&myJ . . . }}
]]bmajymw,f . . . 'Dudpö[m udk,fwdkYtwGuf b,favmuf ta&;BuD;w,f rSwfovJ . . . 'gudk ZifZifu ayghaygh

av;vdkU xifaeovm; . . . }}
olu uRefawmhfvufarmif;udk udkifí cyfat;at;ajymonf/

128 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]Zif ajymyg&apOD; . . . odyfvnf; jzpfraeygeJY . . . 'Dvdkyg . . . arareJY aX;EdkifwdkYararu oli,fcsif;awG . . . 'D
awmh aX;Edkiftaru olYom;udk ZifeJYoabmwlaewm rqef;ygbl; . . . wu,fvkdY Zifuom aX;Edkifudk BudKufr,fqdk&ifawmh
ruefYuGufbl;qdkwJh oabmaygh . . . }}
]]vlBuD;awGu oleJYZifZifhudk pDpOfay;csifw,fvdkY jzpfvm&ifaum . . . }}
]]'gu ZifoabmwlrS jzpfwmyg . . . NyD;awmh azazwpfa,mufvHk; ½Sdygao;w,f . . . azazu Zifhudk vGwfvyfcGifh

ay;xm;wmyJ[m . . . aemufwpfckuvnf; azazu aX;Edkifudk odyfMunfhvdkY&wm r[kwfbl; . . . aqmifhMuGm;MuGm;rdkYvdkYwJh
. . . }}
uRefawmf enf;enf;pdwfat;oGm;onf/ odkY&mwGif olu qufajymonfrSm . . .
]]wpfckawmh ½Sdw,f . . . udkudk odxm;&atmifvdkY ajymwmyg . . . odyfawmh ta&;rBuD;ygbl; . . . }}
uRefawmfu bmvJ[k 0ifrar;awmhyJ em;omaxmifaevdkufonf/ olajymonf/
]]aX;Edkifu Zifhukd pmay;zl;w,f . . . }}
]]bm . . . }}
'Dvdk jzpfcsifjzpfvdrfhrnf[k t&ifuwnf;u pOf;pm;rdzl;aomfvnf; wu,fMum;&aomtcg tHhMocsifrdao;onf/
]]oleJYZifZifeJY q,fwef;wkef;u wpfwef;wnf;av . . . olu ususefcJhwm . . . olu Zifhudk pmay;ayr,fh Zifu

vufrcHygbl; . . . q,fwef;atmifatmif BudK;pm;ygvdkYvnf; ajymvkdufw,f . . . }}
]]b,fvdk . . . b,fvdk . . . q,fwef;atmifatmif BudK;pm;yg . . . [kwfvm; . . . tJ'gu bm&nf½G,fcsufeJY ajymchJ

wmvJ . . . }}
]]bm &nf½G,fcsufeJYrS ajymwm r[kwfygbl; . . . em;at;atmif ajymvkdufwm . . . awmfMum ZihfaMumifh ol pmar;

yGJawG bmawGusaew,f jzpfrSmpdk;vdkY . . .}}
]]ZifZifajymvkdufwmu b,fvkdoabmrsdK; oufa&mufoGm;ovJqdkwm rawG;rdbl;vm; . . . olYudk ]q,fwef;atmif

atmifom BudK;pm; . . . atmif&iftajzay;r,f . . . }vdkU uwday;ovdk jzpfroGm;bl;vm; . . . }}
]][if . . . tJ'Dvdk jzpfoGm;vkdYvm; . . . }}
]]jzpfwmaygh . . . wu,fvdkY ckcsdefrSm olu pmar;yGJ atmifoGm;vkdY ZifZifhudk tajz vmawmif;&ifaum . . . }}
]][m . . . jyóemyJ . . . }}
[k qdkNyD;rS . . .
]]awmif;r,f rxifygbl; . . . udkudkeJY ZifeJYtaMumif;udk olodaeNyDyJ[m . . . }}
]]wu,fvkdY vmawmif;r,fqdk&ifaum ZifZif b,fvdkqHk;jzwfrvJ . . . }}
]]vG,fygw,f . . . aemufusoGm;NyD . . . aqm&D;yJaygh . . . }}
129 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
olUpum;aMumifh pdwfat;oGm;&ovdk½Sdonf/ pdwfxJuawmh r½Sif;ao;/
]]ZifZifhajymyHkt&qdk&if oluaemufusoGm;vkdUomaygh . . . aemufrus&if tajzay;r,faygh . . . 'Dvdkvm; . . . }}
]]tif; . . . 'gawmh b,fajymEdkifrvJ . . . }}
]]b,fvkdajymvkdufwmvJ[if . . . ZifZifhpum;u . . . }}
uRefawmfhavoHwGif rauseyfrIawG ygaeonfudk oefYpifz,f½Sm;zdkYtcsdefr&/ olu . . .
]][kwfw,fav . . . pOf;pm;Munfhygvm; . . . wu,fvkdYom udkudkeJY ZifeJY rawGYcJh&if olYudktajzay;csifay;rdrSmaygh

. . . udkudkeJYawGYcJhvdkUom olaemufusoGm;wmaygh . . . }}
]]ZifZif . . . ZifZif olYudk oHa,mZOf jzpfcJhzl;w,faygh . . . [kwfvm; . . . }}
]]'Dvdk rqdkvdkygbl; . . . jzpfwwfwmav . . . udkudkaum ZifeJYom rawGY&if wjcm;rdef;uav;wpfa,mufudk BudKufrd

rSmyJ r[kwfvm; . . . wpfoufvHk; b,folYrSrBudKufyJaerSm r[kwfygbl; . . . wu,fawmh 'gawG bmvdkYavQmufpOf;
pm;ae&rSmvJ . . . tydkawG . . . ZifeJY udkudkeJYawGYvdkY cspfaerdMuNyDyJ . . . NyD;NyD;aygh . . . Zifuvnf; udkudkuvGJ&if wjcm;vl
udk rcspfbl; . . . udkudkuvnf; ZifuvGJ&if b,folYrSrcspfeJYayghaemf . . . }}
olajymwm obm0usaeonf/ jiif;csuf rxkwfomacs/ aX;Ekdif pmar;yGJratmifygapeJY[líom qkawmif;&aumif;r

vm; rod/
(16)
xdktawmtwGif;rSm uRefawmf tvkyfwpfckckvkyfzdkYudpöESifh ywfowfNyD; tdrfESifh wdkifyifonf/
udkaqGu oabFmvdkufcsifvQif olBudK;pm;Munfhrnf[k ajymonf/
rrwl;u pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;wpfckckvkyfzdkU tBuHay;onf/ aiGt&if;tESD; toifhtwifhavmuf olxkwfay;rnf[kqdk

onf/
uRefawmfu 'gawG pdwfr0ifpm;/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;udk 0goemryg/ uRefawmfhtzdkU aiGrsm;rsm;&zdkYrvdk/ tvkyftudkif

twnfwusESifh at;at;aq;aq;ae&vQif auseyfNyDjzpfonf/
wu,fawmhvnf; uRefawmfhtzdkY pm;0wfaea&;ESifhywfowfNyD; ylp&mrvdkacs/
uRefawmfwdkYrSm armifESrESpfa,mufwnf;om ½Sdonf/ rdbrsm;r½Sdawmhonfhaemuf ,ckvuf½Sdaeaom tdrfESifh twGif;

ypönf;wcsdKU? aiGtoihftwifh usef&pfcJhonf/
uRefawmfwdkYarmifESrESpfa,mufrSm tarGcGJp&mvnf; rvdkacs/ rrwl;onf udkaqGESifh tdrfaxmifusaomfvnf; om;

orD;wpfa,mufrQ rxGef;um;cJh/ uRefawmfESifholonf toufcsif;vnf;uGmojzifh uRefawmfonfyif olwdkY\ arG;pm;om;vdk
jzpfaeonf/
udkaqGonf oabFmt&m½Sdwpfa,mufjzpfí 0ifaiGaumif;onf/ ol½SmaomaiGudk uRefawmfoHk;csifovdk ,loHk;vdkY

&aeonf/
uRefawmf rdef;r,lvQif ckvuf½Sdtdrfay: tqifoifhac:wifxm;vdkuf½Hkyif/ uRefawmfwkdYu om;orD;awG arG;vmvQif

vnf; uav;r½Sdaom olwdkYvifr,mu olwdkYom;orD;t&if;vdk cspfMurnfyifjzpf\/
xdkYaMumifh uRefawmfhtzdkY aiGrsm;rsm;&atmif pD;yGm;½Smp&mrvdk/ wnfjidrfaomtvkyfwpfck ½SdzdkYomvdkonf/
uRefawmfonf bGJY&NyD;ESpfESpfausmfausmfavmufMumatmif bmrQrvkyfjzpfcJh/ 0efxrf;a½G;cs,favhusifha&;tzGJYu ac:

aom tvkyfpmar;yGJ oHk;Mudrf0ifajzzl;onf/ wpfcgrQ ratmif/
131 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
xdktcsdeftwGif; uRefawmfhrSm vkyfp&mqdkvkdY pmawGzwfjcif;? wpfcgwpf&H c&D;xGufí A[kokw½Smjcif;? udkaqG
oabFmxGufaewkH;tcsdefrSm tdrfudpöawG vdkufvkyfjcif;wdkYavmufom ½Sdonf/
bmyJjzpfjzpf aemufESpfESpf? oHk;ESpfqdkvQif uRefawmf tdrfaxmifjyKawmhrnf/ xdktcg pm;0wfaea&;twGuf

rylryif&onfhwdkifatmif udk,fhajcaxmuftay: udk,f&yfEdkifaom tvkyfwpfckawmh &Sd&ayrnf/
uRefawmfhpdwful;u avmavmq,f tpdk;&XmewpfckrS tqifajyonfhtvkyfwpfck 0ifvkyfrnf/ xdktawmtwGif;

XmewGif;pmar;yGJjzpfap? 0efxrf;a½G;cs,favhusifha&;rSac:aom pmar;yGJjzpfap 0ifajzrnf/ ZifZifESifh vufxyfrnfh tcsdef
avmufqdkvQif oHk;&mhESpfq,fpau;avmufawmh jzpfEdkifrnf[k cefYrSef;xm;onf/
odkYqdkvQif ZifZifwdkYrdbrsm;ESifh awGYqHkonfhtcg udk,fhbufu rsufESmri,f&awmh/
ZifZifhudk tvkyftaMumif; wpfcgajymcJhzl;onf/ olu tvkyfudpöudk odyfta&;rBuD;[k oabmxm;yHk&onf/ bmyJ

jzpfjzpf wjznf;jznf;awmh em;vnfvmvdrfhrnf/
ckvnf; olYudk uRefawmfhpdwful;ajymjyonf/ rrwl;tBuHay;onfudkvnf; ajymjy\/
]]rrwl;u ajymw,f . . . oHk;av;aomif;wefum;av;wpfpD; olaiGxkwfNyD; 0,fay;r,fwJh . . . "mwfqDxkwfNyD;

a&mif;zdkYaygh . . . ]}
]][m . . . aumif;om;yJ . . . "mwfqDwef;pDNyD;vkdY tm;wJhtcgusawmh udkudkeJYZifeJY um;eJYavQmufvnfvkdY&w,f . . .

ZdrfyJ . . . }}
]]udk,f tJ'g rvkyfcsifbl; . . . }}
]][if . . . bmjzpfvkdUvJ . . . }}
]]tJ'gu tcdkuftwefYyJav . . . tcgtcGifhoifhwkef; aiG½SmwJhoabmavmufyJ½Sdwm . . . }}
]]udkudkuom tmrcHcsufawG bmawGajymaewm . . . wcsdKUqdk&ifum;zdk;awmif ausaeNyD . . . }}
]]ZifZif&,f . . . "mwfqDwef;pDwJhtvkyf[m ukefwkdufrSm ypönf;wkd;NyD; jyefa&mif;pm;wmeJY bmrSrxl;ygbl; . . . vl

udk,fwdkif 0ifwdk;&wmeJY um;eJYwdk;&wmyJuGmw,f . . . }}
]]bmyJjzpfjzpf um;eJYqdkawmh £ajE´&wmaygh udkudk&JU . . . }}
uRefawmf oufjyif;wpfcsufcsonf/
]]udk,fuawmh ½Hk;rSmtvkyfvkyfzdkY avQmufvTmawmif wifvkdufNyD . . . }}
]][kwfvm; . . . bm&mxl;vJ . . . }}
]]pma&;aygh . . . }}
]]aMomf . . . udkudkuvnf; cufvkdufwm . . . aiGuav; wpf&mhig;q,f ESpf&m&zdkYudk wpfaeYvHk; ½Hk;rSmwukyfukyf

oGm;vkyf&r,fvdkY . . . }}
132 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]udk,f ajymNyD;ygyaum . . . aiGtwGuf vkyfwm r[kwfygbl;vdkY . . . tcsdefwef t½G,fa&mufvm&if tvkyfvkyfrS
*kPf½SdrSmaygh . . . }}
]]tdk . . . bmrSrvkyfyJaewmurS *kPf½SdOD;r,f . . . }}
olYpum;udk uRefawmf tHhMooGm\/
]]b,fvkd ZifZif . . . bmrSrvkyfyJaewmurS . . . }}
]][kwfw,fav . . . bmrSrvkyfyJaewmurS oabFmvdkufzdkY pDpOfaew,f . . . tvkyfcefYpmra&mufao;vdkY apmifhae

w,f ajymvdkY&ao;wmaygh . . . }}
uRefawmf yg;pyfta[mif;om; jzpfoGm;onf/ bmrQ jyefrajymEdkif/
olYudk uRefawmfvdkcsifaomyHkpHrsdK;0ifatmif pnf;½Hk;,lvdkYvG,fyghrvm;[k yxrqHk;tBudrf oHo,0ifvm&avonf/
*
rnfodkYyifjzpfap uRefawmfuawmh tvkyf0ifvkyfzdkY qHk;jzwfNyD;om;yif jzpfonf/olu oabmrwlvdkY rvkyfvdkuf&
wmrsdK; rjzpfcsif/
tvkyf0ifvkyfonfhtwGuf ZifZifrauseyfvQifvnf; acsmhvdkufrnf/ em;0ifatmif wjznf;jznf;½Sif;jyrnf/ ZifZifh

taMumif; uRefawmfodonf/ cPcP pdwfaumufwwfaomfvnf; Mum½Snfpdwfrqdk;wwf/ pma&;uav;tjzpf tvkyf0if
vkyfojzifh olpdwfqdk;csifqdk;rnf/ aemufawmhvnf; olYxHk;pHtwdkif; NyD;oGm;rnf[k arQmfvifh&ayonf/
'DaeY vlawGYppfaq;cH&onf/ ar;cGef;awGu taxGaxGA[kokwrsm;onf/ 'DaeYjzpfay:aeaom EdkifiHwum ta&;t

cif;rsm;udkar;onf/ uRefawmfajzEdkifonf/ tajctaeaumif;onf[k qdk&ayrnf/
bwfpfum;pD;NyD; jrdKUxJbuf jyefvmcJhonf/ we*FaEGjzpfaomaMumifh ZifZifhqD oGm;vdkYr&/ 'DaeY ZifZifwdkYtdrfudk aX;

Edkifrsm; vmvnfaeOD;rvm;[k awG;rdao;onf/
odef;rif;xGef;qDoGm;vQif aumif;rvm;? ½kyf½SifMunfhvQif aumif;rvm;/ ½kyf½Sift&if0ifMunfhrnf/ NyD;rS odef;rif;

xGef;qDoGm;rnf[k qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/
bwfpfum; jzwf&mvrf;wGif txufwef;ausmif;wpfausmif;udk awGYonf/ ausmif;a½SUrSm ausmif;om;awG ½Hk;pk½Hk;pk

vkyfaeonfudk jrif&\/ xkdtcgusrS owd&vkdufonf/ 'DaeY q,fwef;atmifpm&if;awG xGufNyD/
aX;Ekdif pmar;yGJatmifavovm;rod/ atmifvmvQif olu jyóem½Smaumif; ½SmEdkifonf/ uRefawmfESifh ZifZifwdkY

taMumif;udk olodaeNyD;rSm aocsmonf/ odkY&mwGif 'DvdkaumifrsdK;av;awGu odyf,Hk&onfr[kwf/ ZGwfw½Gwfvkyfcsif vkyf
wwfonf/ ZifZifu uRefawmfhbufrSm ½SdNyD;aomfvnf; pdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpfp&mawmh BuHKaumif; BuHKvm&Ekdifavonf/
tcsdefenf;enf;apmao;ojzifh a½Tvrif;vufzuf&nfqdkifudk 0ifonf/ prlqmESifhvufzuf&nf pm;aomufonf/ NyD;

awmh *kPf½HkbufodkY xGufvmcJhonf/
½Hka½SUrSm vlenf;enf;½IyfpjyKaeNyD/ vufrSwfawmh &Edkifao;onf[k awG;aewkef; . . .
133 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
wpfpHkwpfckudkvSrf;jrifNyD; ajcvSrf;wHkYoGm;\/ ½Hka½SUu um;&yf&efae&mwGif &yfxm;aom armfawmfqdkifu,fwpfpD;/
eHygwfudk uRefawmfrrSwfrdaomfvnf; tqiftjyifawGudk aumif;pGmodaeonf/ vufudkifrSm teDa&mif yef;zGm;awGwyfxm;
onf/ "mwfqDwdkifuDrSm ]rif;udk igrkef;w,f}[k t"dyÜm,f&aom t*Fvdyfpmwef;udk uyfxm;onf/ aX;Edkif\ qdkifu,f/
½HkbufodkY vSrf;Munfhonf/ vlawG½Iyfaeonfukdom jrif&\/ &yfxm;aom um;awG aemufbufuG,fNyD; avQmufcJh

onf/ ½Hk0ifaygufudk vSrf;jrif&onf/ NyD;awmh vufrSwfayguf/
aX;Edkifonf ig;usyfwef;vufrSwfaygufa½SUrSm &yfNyD; vufrSwf0,faeonf/ 'DbufrSm &yfaeolu ZifZif? olYvuf

xJrSm tmvl;aMumf? ig;rkefUaMumfawG wayGYwydkufESifh/
&efukefjrdKUay:rSm½Sdaeaom armfawmfum;awGtm;vHk; wpfjydKifeuf [Gef;wD;vdkufMuonf[k xifonf/
*
]]bmoabmvJ[if ZifZif . . . bmoabmvJ . . . }}
aq;vdyfrD;yGm; tavmifcH&olvdk qwfqwfcgaom toHjzifh uRefawmfar;onf/ oluawmh olvkyfaeustwdkif; cyf

at;at;/
]]udkudk bmjzpfvmwmvJ . . . }}
]]bmjzpf&rSmvJ . . . raeYuudpöaygh . . . }}
]]raeYu . . . }}
olu rodovdkvkyfaeojzifh ydkí aqGYaqGYckef&onf/
]]bmjzpfvkdY rodcsifa,mifaqmifae&wmvJ . . . aX;EdkifeJY ZifZifeJY ½kyf½SifMunfhMuwJh udpöaygh . . . }}
]]aMomf . . . 'gvm; . . . olu pmar;yGJatmifwJhtxdrf;trSwfeJY wpfckckauR;r,fqdkvdkY oGm;&if;u pdwful;aygufwm

eJY ½kyf½Sif0ifMunfhMuwm . . . }}
olu ayghayghqq ajymaeqJ/ uRefawmf ydkí pdwfqdk;vm\/
]]'DrSm ZifZif . . . [dkvSnfh'DvSnfeJY ta&;rBuD;wJhudpörsdK;jzpfatmif vkyfraeeJY . . . }}
]]bmawG ajymaewmvJ udkudk&,f . . . }}
]]aMomf . . . rodcsifa,mifaqmifaerSawmh ajymjy&ao;wmaygh . . . aX;Edkifu ZifZifhudk olpmar;yGJatmifvdkY tajz

vmawmif;w,f r[kwfvm; . . . 'Dawmh ZifZifu . . . }}
olu jzwfajymonf/
]]olu tajzrawmif;ygbl; . . . }}
]]at; . . . awmif;aep&mrS rvdkawmhyJ . . . rawmif;cifu ay;vkdufNyD r[kwfvm; . . . }}
]]b,frSm ay;vdkUvJ . . . }}
134 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]'gu tajzay;wmeJY bmxl;ovJ . . . olpmar;yGJatmifwJhaeYrS ESpfa,mufwnf; ½kyf½SifMunfhw,fqdkwm . . . }}
]]ESpfa,mufwnf; r[kwfbl; . . . rsdK;wdkY pdk;wdkY nDtpfrvnf; ygw,f . . . }}
]]bmjzpfvdkYvdrfcsif&ovJ ZifZif . . . aoaocsmcsm rsufpdeJYwyftyfjrifwm . . . ESpfa,mufwnf; . . . }}
]]r[kwfbl; av;a,muf . . . }}
]]ajAmifjiif;zkdY rBudK;pm;eJY . . . r&bl; . . . }}
]]udkudk r,Hk&ifvnf; rwwfEdkifbl; . . . }}
]]r,Hkbl; . . . udk,fhudk cspfa&;qkdxm;wJhvlwpfa,mufeJY ½kyf½SifwlwlMunfhw,f . . . MunfhwJhaeUuvnf; pmar;yGJ

atmifpm&if;xGufwJhaeY . . . 'g ½Sif;aewmyJ . . . }}
]]bm½Sif;&rSmvJ . . . bmrS r½Sif;bl; . . . ½kyf½SifwlwlMunfhwmvnf; oli,fcsif;awGeJY MunfhaeusyJ . . . }}
]]aMomf . . . ckrSodw,f . . . a,musmf;av;awGeJY ½kyf½SifwlwlMunfhwm ZifZiftwGuf tqef;r[kwfawmhbl;aygh . . .

}}
uRefwmfu aighoHjzifh ajymonf/ avSmif&,fvnf; &,fonf/
]]udkudk bmoabmeJY 'DvdkajymwmvJ . . . }}
]]½Sif;aewmyJ . . . ZifZihf&JUtwGif;o½kyfrSefudk odvkduf&wJhoabmaygh . . . 'DrSm . . . odyfNyD; taMumuftuefjiif;

raeeJY . . . aX;Edkifudk tajzay;vdkufNyD r[kwfvm; . . . }}
]]tdk . . . bmtajzrS ray;bl; . . . udkudkr,Hk&if aX;Edkifudk oGm;ar;Munfh . . . }}
]][m; . . . [m; . . . ighr,Hk&if igh&nf;pm;ar;MunfhqdkwmrsdK;ygvm; . . . }}
]]udkudkYpum;u &ifhvScsnfvm; . . . }}
ol ajym&if; rsuf&nf0Jvmonf/
]][m . . . idkawmhridkvdkufygeJY . . . opömrJholwdkY&JUrsuf&nf ajrrusaumif;bl; . . . }}
ol qwfceJ armhvmonf/ 0Jvmaom rsuf&nfonf &yfoGm;\/ ,dkpD;í usrvmcJh/
uRefawmf xyfíajymonf/
]]'DrSm ZifZif . . . rif;u ig;&HUESpfaumif zrf;csifaeovm; . . . avSeHESpfzuf eif;csifovm; . . . ig[m

todÚmPfr½SdwJh wd&pmäefr[kwfbl; . . . touf0dOmOf uif;rJhwJh opfom;wHk;BuD;vnf; r[kwfbl; . . . vluG . . . vl . . .
od&JUvm; . . . }}
olYrsufESmonf ½kwfw&uf wif;rmoGm;onf/ uRefawmfhudk aphaphMunfhí ajymonf/
]]udkudk[m 'Davmuf oabmxm;ao;odrfvdrfhr,fvdkU rxifcJhbl; . . . udkudkYudkcspfrdwm rSm;NyDxifw,f . . . }}
135 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]tckawmh 'DvdkyJ ajymawmhrSmayghav . . . at; . . . ighudkcspfrdwm rSm;ovm;? rrSm;bl;vm;qdkwm rif;bmom pOf;
pm;Munfhaygh . . . iguawmh rif;udkcspfrdwm trSm;BuD;rSm;NyDqdkwm odvkduf&NyD . . . igaemufqHk;pum;wpfcGef; ajymcJhr,f
. . . igaemufqkwfvkdufNyD . . . 'gyJ . . . }}
uRefawmf csmceJ vSnfhxGufvmcJhonf/ av;ig;vSrf; vSrf;NyD;rS olYudkwpfcsufMunfhNyD; at;pufpuf avoHjzifhajym

onf/
]]rif; rqdk;ygbl; . . . }}
olYrsufESmonf vwfvwfqwfqwf'Pf&mwpfckvdk azG;ceJjzpfoGm;NyD; csufcsif; &Jwufvmonf/
(17)
]]&nf;pm;vlvk
tlEkuRJcwf
rsufpyfydk;0if
qHwpfyifwif; cspfNcif;r,m; . . . }}
[laom pum;tvFumtm; um&efuav;ESifhjzpfí ½GwfqdkvdkYaumif;aomfvnf; wu,fcHpm;Munfhaomtcg qdk;½Gm;

vSonf/
qHwpfyifwif;jcif;onf tcH&cufonf/ tlEkudkawmh uRJcwfrcHzl;acs/ rsufpdxJodkY ydk;aumif0ifjcif;onf cdk;vdk;ckvk

ESifh tcH&cufvSonf/ odkY&mwGif xdkydk;aumifudk z,f½Sm;ypfvkdufvQif oufomaysmufuif;oGm;\/
ESvHk;om;xJodkY0ifa&mufaeaom ydk;rTm;aumifudkum; z,f½Sm;ypf&ef cufonf/ ydk;owfaq;? y#dZD0aq;wdkYjzifh okwf

oifívnf; r&/ rsuf&nfjzifhyif aq;aMumypfvkdU rjzpfEdkifacs/
tcgrvyf wppfppfemusifaeNyD; raumif;qdk;½Gm; yl;uyfaESmifh,Sufovdk wzsyfzsyfvefU&aom a0'em/
uRefawmfum; usL;ausmf&yfuGufrSm tdrfaqmufrdolom jzpfonf/ w&m;r0ifacs/ ckawmh zsufodrf;ajymif;a½GUcdkif;

jcif; cHcJh&avNyD/
*
odef;rif;xGef;u uRefawmfhudk tjypfajymcsifonf/
]]rif; ZifZifhqD roGm;cif ighudk bmvdkYrwdkifyifovJ . . . bmvdkY todray;wmvJ . . . }}
]]rif;udk ajymvkduf&if rif;u 'guawmh 'Dvkd½Sdygw,fqdkNyD; ajy&majyaMumif; ajymrSmyJ r[kwfvm; . . . }}
]]at; . . . ajymrSmyJ . . . ckawmh rif;ighudk wdkifyifcJhzdkYaumif;ygw,fvdkYyJ ajym&awmhrSmaygh . . . }}
]]wdkifyifaep&m rvdkygbl;uGm . . . jyóemu ½Sif;½Sif;av;yJ . . . aX;Edkifudk oltajzay;vdkufNyD . . . 'gyJaygh . . . }}
]]tajzay;vdkufNyDvdkY rif;u b,fvdkvkyfodEdkifovJ . . . }}

137 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]'Dxuf xif½Sm;wm½SdOD;rvm;uG . . . aX;Edkifu olYudkcspfa&;qdkzl;w,f . . . olu pmar;yGJatmifatmifBudK;pm;ygvkdY
ajymw,f . . . [dkaumifu pmar;yGJatmifw,f . . . olwkdYESpfa,mufwnf; ½kyf½SifMunfhMuw,f . . . }}
]]ZifZifu ESpfa,mufwnf;r[kwfbl; . . . olYoli,fcsif;awGvnf; ygw,fvdkY ajymw,fqdk . . . }}
]]'gu olYtajymyJ . . . igudk,fwdkifjrifwmu olwdkYESpfa,mufwnf;yJ . . . }}
]]olUoli,fcsif;awGu rif;jrifwJhtcsdefrSm wjcm;wpfae&m&moGm;aevdkY rawGYwmrjzpfEdkifbl;vm; . . . Oyrm wpfckck

oGm;pm;aevdkY . . . }}
]]rjzpfEdkifygbl;uGm . . . ½Hka½SUrSm aX;Edkif&JUqkdifu,fawGYw,f . . . olwdkUESpfa,muf qdkifu,feJY wlwlvmwmawmif

jzpfEdkifw,f . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;u acgif;,rf;onf/ NyD;awmh . . .
]]rif; xif&mjrif&mawG pGwfajymraeeJYuG . . . ck[mu rif;aumufcsufcsxm;wmudk rrSefrSefatmif twif;qGJ,lpOf;

pm;ovdk jzpfaew,f . . . }}
]]'Davmuf aocsmaewmyJuG . . . }}
]]cufw,f oli,fcsif; . . . txiftjrifvGJp&mjzpfvm&if tHhMop&maumif;avmufatmif wdkufqdkifrIrsdK;awG BuHKvm

wwfw,f/ . . . jzpfoifhwmu rif;taeeJY 'DxufydkNyD; wduscdkifvHkwJhtcsufudk ½SmzdkYyJ . . . }}
]]'Dxuf wdus&OD;r,f . . . [kwfvm; . . . }}
]]at;av . . . Oyrm aX;EdkifeJYawGYNyD; ½Sif;wmrsdK;aygh . . . ZifZifu r,Hk&if aX;Edkifudk oGm;ar;vkdY aNymw,f r[kwf
vm; . . . }}
]][dkaumifu . . . ][kwfw,f . . . ZifZifu olYudktajzay;vkdufNyD . . . }vkdY ajym&if iguGJNyDaygh . . . }}
]]rif; wpfckpOf;pm;OD;av . . . rif;eJYZifZifeJYtaMumif;udk aX;Edkifu odNyD;aeNyDyJ . . . olu tajzawmif;wmawG vkyf

yghrvm; . . . olaemufusoGm;wm odNyD;aeNyDyJ . . . }}
]]olwdkYvdkaumifrsdK;awGu ,Hk&wm r[kwfbl; . . . cspfol½Sdw,f r½Sdbl; *½kpdkufaerSm r[kwfbl; . . . ZifZifawmifrS

wpfrsufESmu wpfrsufESmajymif;zdkY pdwful;&Jao;wmyJ . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;u bmrSrajymao;bJ aq;ayghvdyfudkom zGmaeonf/ uRefawmfvnf; a&aEG;Murf;wpfcGufiSJYaomuf

onf/ aomufvufpaq;ayghvdyfudk ,lzGmonf/ rD;aoaeNyD/ rD;jcpfudkvSrf;t,lwGif olu . . .
]]wpfck½Sdw,fuGm . . . ZifZifu aX;Edkifudk tajzay;vkdufNyDqdk&if rif;pGyfpGJwmudk bmjzpfvkdY jiif;aep&mvdkovJ . . .

[kwfw,fvdkYajymvdkuf½HkyJaygh . . . rif;udkrcspfawmhbl;qdkwm today;vdkufrSmaygh . . . }}
]]'guawmhuGm . . . olupNyD; opömazmufw,fvkdY tjzpfrcHcsifvdkYaerSmaygh . . . igu pNyD; tquftoG,fjzwfvdkY

oluvnf;jzwf&w,f qdkwmrsdK;vkyfcsifvkdYaygh . . . NyD;awmhrS aX;EdkifeJYvufwGJr,f BuHxm;vdkYjzpfrSmaygh . . . 'grS r[kwf&if
aX;Edkifudk olu oHa,mZOfjzpfaeayr,hf pdwfurjywfao;vdkY ighudkBudK;½Snf½SnfeJY vSefxm;wmvnf; jzpfEkdifw,f . . . olwdkY
ESpfa,mufu wpfcsdefcsdefuywfowfcJhzl;r,f . . . aemufawmh taMumif;wpfckckaMumifh uGJcJhMur,f . . . tJ'D aemufydkif;rSm
138 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
ZifZifeJYigeJY awGYr,f . . . ckusrS [dkaumifu jyefcsOf;uyfr,f . . . tJ'DrSm ZifZifu [dkaumifhudk jyefvufcHcsifayr,hf ig½Sdae
awmh tcufawGYaer,f . . . igu aX;Edkifae&mrSm cPtpm;0if&wJhaumif jzpfaeNyD . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;u jyHK;onf/
]]rif;u b,fvkdjzpfaeovJqdkawmh igwdkYausmif;wkef;u *sDMoarBwDykpmäwGufovdkyJ . . . wGufenf;udkrodyJ tajzudk

r&&atmif qGJ,lovdkaygh . . . tusdK;taMumif;cdkifvHkwm? ,kwåd½SdwmawGxuf tajzxGufzdkY t"duxm;NyD; BudK;pm;wmrsdK;av
. . . }}
ighae&mu rif;0ifcHpm;Munfhav . . . ig ckeuajymwmawG rjzpfEdkifbl;qdk&if jzpfEdkifwmwpfckyJ½Sdawmhw,f . . .

ZifZifu &nf;pm;ESpfa,muf wpfjydKifwnf; xm;csifaevdkYyJ . . . ig tJvdk&nf;pm; rjzpfrcHEdkifbl; odef;rif;xGef; . . . }}
]]'gqdk rif; olUudk jywfNyDaygh . . . }}
uRefawmf csufcsif;rajz/ wu,fawmhvnf; olYudkjywfNyDvm; rjywfao;bl;vm; qdkonfudk uRefawmf rqHk;jzwfrd

ao;/
]]'gudk igu bmrSajymp&mrvdkbl; . . . opömazmufwJholu igrSr[kwfyJ . . . jyóemudk igup½SmwmrS r[kwfyJ

. . . wpfckawmh ½Sdw,f . . . olu ighudkrcspfawmhbl;qdkwJhtcgrSm igu bmjzpfvkdY oHa,mZOfwG,fwmae&OD;rSmvJ . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;u oufjyif;csonf/ NyD;awmh . . .
]]igwpfckajymcsifw,f 0if;udk . . . vlwpfa,mufudk apmfum;zdkYqdkwm odyfvG,fw,f . . . apmfum;NyD;rS udk,furSm;

rSef;odvdkY jyefawmif;yefzdkYusawmh odyfcufw,fuG . . . }}
(18)
[dkwpfaeYu awGYcJh&aom jrifuGif;u pGJaeonf/ pdwfxJrSm pGJjrJaejcif;jzpfojzifh azsmufzsufí r&Edkifacs/
qdkifu,fwpfpD;? aX;EdkifvufrSwf0,fae? ZifZif pm;p&mawG wayGYwydkufESifhapmifhae? vufrSwf0,fNyD; xGufvmaom

aX;Edkifu ZifZifhudk wpfpHkwpfckajym? ZifZifu aysmf½TifpGm &,farmae/
wu,fjrifcJh&aom jrifuGif;xuf rjrif&aomjrifuGif;udk rSef;qMunfh&onfrSm ydkí pdwfyifyef;qif;&JNyD; tcH&cuf

onf/
½kyf½Sif½HkxJrSm ESpfa,mufwGJxkdifMurnf/ ½kyf½Sifjyaomtcg ZifZifu aX;Edkifudk pm;p&mawG wpfckNyD;wpfck cGHYauR;

rnf/ aemufawmh ZifZifhxHrS EIwfcrf;eDeHYESifh ESif;&nfeHY? ZD;rqvmeHYudk &rnf/ xdktcg . . .
tjyefwGif qdkifu,fjzifh twlwljyefMurnf/ aX;Edkifu qdkifu,fudkt&rf;armif;aomtcg ZifZif aMumufNyD; aX;Edkif

\cg;udk zufxm;rnf/ olwdkY&,fMurnf/
uRefawmfonf rsufpdudkrSdwfNyD; acgif;udk cg,rf;ypfvkdufonf/
uRefawmf olYudk rkef;vdkufNyDvm;/
odef;rif;xGef;tm; ajymcJhovdk uRefawmfupaom jyóemr[kwfojzifh ½kwfw&uf rkef;vdkUr&ao;/ rkef;csifonf/

rkef;zdkY BudK;pm;csifonf/ pdwfxJrSm xdxdcdkufcdkufemrdonfawmh trSefyif/
ol uRefawmfhudk tajzay;cJhwkef;u rSefuav;wpfcsyfudkay;NyD; oauFwjyKchJonf/ rSefxJrSmay:vmwJh ½kyfoGif[m

olYcspfol&JU "mwfyHkygwJh/ xdkpOfu uRefawmf aysmfvkdufonfhjzpfjcif;/ rSefuav;udk xkwfMunfh&onfrSm tarm/ rSefxJu
udk,fh½kyfyHkudkMunfhNyD; MunfEl;auseyfrd&onfrSm tcgcg/ xdkrSefuav;udk tjrwfwEdk; odrf;xm;cJh&onf/
wu,fawmh uRefawmf tvSnfhpm;cHcJh&jcif;omwnf;/
rSefqdkonfrSm opöm½Sdonf/ yuwdt½Sdtwdkif;om wHkUjyefwwfonf[k qdk\/

140 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
tjcm;wpfzufu pOf;pm;MunfhvQifrl rSefwpfcsyfwGif yifudkt&nftcsif;r½Sd/ udk,fydkif yHk&dyfr½Sd/ ckdifjrJpGm pGJxifae
aom ½kyfoGifr½Sdacs/
olYa½SUwGifa&muf½Sdaeaom ½kyfoGifwdkY\yHk&dyfudk xif[yfjyvdkufonf/ xdk½kyfoGifudk z,f½Sm;vdkufonfESifh yHk&dyfaysmuf

uG,foGm;onf/ aemufxyfa&mufvmaom ½kyfoGifwpfck\ yHk&dyfudk zrf;,ljyefonf/
þodkYjzifh yHk&dyfaygif;rsm;pGm/
olYESvHk;om;onf rSefwpfcsyfESifh bmrsm;xl;ygoenf;/
xkdrSefudk ½dkufcJGypfzdkY tBudrfBudrf BudK;pm;onf/ rcGJjzpf/ udk,fhudk,fudk,f aysmhnHhvScsnfvm;[k ½Iwfcsonf/
wpfBudrfwGif rSefudk wtm;ypfaygufvdkufonf/
acgif;tHk;ay:odkY/
*
tdrfruf rufae\/
½kyf½Sif½HkwpfckxJrSm uRefawmfa&mufaeonf/ arSmifESifhrnf;rnf;jzpfí bmrQrjrif&/ jyaeaomum;uvnf; uRefawmf
wpfcgrQ rMunfhzl;aomZmwfum;/ jyuGufawGuvnf; tquftpyfr½Sd/ tdEd´,rif;om;awGu *syefvdkajymonf/ pmwef;u
jrefrmvdkxdk;ay;onf/ ]aq;vdyfraomuf&}? ]OD;bndrf;om; pwkr"k}? ]ukvor*¾aeY} ponfjzifh/ Zmwfum;ESifh bmrQrqdkif/
½kwfw&uf rD;rsm;vif;vmonf/ uRefawmfhab;rSmuyfvsufxdkifaeolu aX;Edkif? [dkbufu ZifZif/ olwdkYu uRef
awmfhudk rjrif/ olwdkUESpfa,muf wpfa,mufcg;wpfa,mufzufNyD; ½HktjyifbufxGufoGm;Muonf/
]]ZifZif . . . }}
[k uRefawmf a'gowBuD; atmfac:onf/ toHxGufrvm/ olwdkYaemufudk uRefawmfajy;vkdufonf/ ajcaxmufawG
u av;vHaeNyD; b,favmuf tm;oGefajy;ajy; ae&mura½GUacs/ olwdkYESpfa,muf avSum;rS qif;oGm;onf/
uRefawmf avSum;xyfa&mufaomtcg xdkae&monf avSum;r[kwfyJ tkwfeH&HtjrifhBuD;jzpfaeonf/ uRefawmf ukyf
uyfwG,fNyD; cufcufcJcJqif;onf/ atmufa&mufaomtcg &efukefjrdKUv,f r[kwfyJ opfyifcsHKEG,fawG xlxyfaom awmBuD;
rsufrnf; jzpfaejyefonf/
aX;EdkifESifhZifZifwdkYu qdkifu,fjzifh xGufajy;onf/ opfyifawGMum;u auGYaumufNyD; armif;\/ZifZifu aX;Edkif\
cg;udk zufxm;&if;&,faeonf/ qdkifu,foHu wpfpHkwpfckudk xkESufvdkufovdk w'Hk;'Hk;jrnfaeonf/
tdyf&mu vefYEdk;vmonf/ w'Hk;'Hk;jrnfoHu raysmufao;/ uRefawmfh tcef;wHcg;udk xkaejcif;jzpfonf/
]][Jh . . . 0if;udk . . . xawmh . . . b,fESem&D ½SdaeNyDvJ . . . }}
rrwl;\toHudk Mum;&onf/ nu awmfawmfnOfheufrS tdyfcJhojzifh rrwl;u vmEId;onfudk &kwfw&ufpdwfwdk
oGm;aomfvnf; tdrfrufqdk;rS vefYEdk;apojzifh aus;Zl;wifrdjyefonf/
]]q,fem&Dxdk;awmhr,f . . . xawmh . . . }}
]]bmtvkyfrS r½SdyJeJY bmvdkY 'DavmufEdI;ae&wmvJ . . . rD;avmifaevdkUvm; . . . }}
141 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]rD;avmifovm; bmvm;awmhrodbl; . . . {nfhonfa&mufaevdkY . . . }}
]][if . . . b,folvJ . . . ½Iyfvkdufwm . . . }} [k ajymrnfjyKpOf rrwl;u . . .
]]qdkifu,feJY vmwmyJ . . . }}
qdkojzifh ][if}qdkNyD; vl;vJxvdkufonf/ rsufESmjrefjrefopfonf/ t0wftpm; cyfokwfokwfvJonf/ xdktcsdef
twGif; uRefawmfhacgif;xJrSm tawG;awG trsm;BuD;jzwfoef;oGm;Mu\/
olbmvmvkyfovJ? ZifZifESifhudpö jyóem½Sif;zdkYqdkwmuawmh ajymaep&mrvdk/ b,fyHkb,fenf; ½Sif;zdkY vmovJ
qdkwmom pOf;pm;&rnf/
uRefawmfhbufuawmh odyfpOf;p&mrvdk/ ajymp&mvnf; odyfr½Sd/ wu,fqkdvQif rdef;uav;wpfa,muftwGuf jydKif
bufa,musmf;ESpfa,muf awGYqHkajz½Sif;&wmrsdK;udk uRefawmf odyfoabmrusacs/
bmyJjzpfjzpf olESifhawGYvQif pdwfudkcsKyfwnf;í vlBuD;vlaumif;qefqef ajymqdkqufqHzdkYawmh owdxm;&rnf/
'Dtdrfonf uRefawmfhtdrf r[kwfvm;/
odkY&mwGif {nfhcef;xJodkYxGufvmNyD; olYudkawGYvdkufonfESifh pdwfu wif;ceJjzpfoGm;&awmhonf/ taMumif;rSm aX;Edkif
onf at;at;aq;aq;xdkif&if; 0g;NyD;om; yDaujzifh ylazmif;rIwfaeaomaMumifhyifjzpfonf/ uRefawmfhudk jrifaomtcg
olu yDauudk vQmjzifh odrf;\/ yg;pyfxJjyefxnfhNyD; 0g;vdkuf&mrS jyHK;jyonf/
]]udpö½Sdvm; . . . }}
ukvm;xdkifrSm0ifxdkif&if; uRefawmf cyfqwfqwfar;rdonf/
olu . . .
]]uRefawmf udk0if;udkeJY pum;enf;enf;ajymcsifvdkYyg . . . }} [k yDauudk0g;&if; AvHk;AaxG;ajymonf/
]]&ygw,f . . . }}
]]'DrSmyJ ajymrvm; . . . }}
uRefawmf cPpOf;pm;í . . .
]]yef;jcHxJrSm cHkwef;vsm;½Sdw,f . . . }}
uRefawmf xxGufvmonf/ olu aemufrSvdkufvm\/ tdrfa½SUrSm&yfxm;aom qdkifu,fudk wpfcsufvSrf;MunfhcJhrd
ao;onf/
cHkwef;vsm;udk vufESifhnTefjyonf/ ol 0ifxdkif\/ uRefawmfu olYab;rSm 0ifxdkifzdkY cufaeonf/ xdkaMumifh rwf
wyf&yfvsufyif olajymrnfh pum;udk apmifhaevdkufonf/
]]uRefawmf udk0if;udkudk ajymp&m½SdvdkY vmcJhwmyg . . . }}
olu tpysdK;pum;udk xyfajymjyefonf/ uRefawmf pum;rjyefyJ qufajymygqdkaom oabm acgif;qwfjyvkduf\/
]]wjcm;awmh r[kwfygbl; . . . uRefawmfeJYywfowfNyD; udk0if;udkeJY ZifZifwdkY jyóemjzpfMuw,fqdkvdkY . . . tJ'Dudpö
½Sif;&atmif vmwmyg . . . }}
142 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
uRefawmfjyHK;onf/ ckcsdefrSm uRefawmfhpdwfrsm;onf xl;xl;jcm;jcm; at;pufwnfjidrfaeaMumif; owdjyKrd\/
]] ½Sif;zdkY rvkdygbl; . . . ½Sif;NyD;om;yJ . . . ½IyfaewmudkrS ½Sif;zdkUvdkwm r[kwfvm; . . . }}
ol uRefawmfhpum;udk em;rvnf[ef Munfhonf/ uRefwmf olYudk wnfhwnfhpdkufMunfhí . . .
]]udk,f aemufqkwfay;zdkY qHk;jzwfNyD;ygNyD . . . }}
ol tHhMooGm;onf/
]]Asm . . . aemufqkwfay;r,f . . . [kwfvm; . . . }}
uRefawmf acgif;ndwfNyD; . . .
]][kwfw,f . . . armif&ifeJY ZifZifeJYu i,fi,fuwnf;u wpfa,muftaMumif;wpfa,muf odchJMuwmyJ . . .
vlBuD;csif;vnf; ajyvnfNyD;om; . . . 'DZmwfvrf;rSm udk,fu vlMurf;0ifrvkyfyg&apeJY . . . }}
]udk,f? armif&if} [laomtoHk;tElef;awGudk tvdkvdkoHk;vdkufaerdonf/ olu . . .
]][m . . . bmawG ajymaewmvJ . . . }} [k qdkonf/
]]bmawGvJqdkawmh ZifZifu armif&if pmar;yGJatmifvkdY tajzay;vdkufNyD r[kwfvm; . . . ½kyf½Sifawmif MunfhMu
ao;w,fav . . . }}
olu ][m} qdkNyD; yg;pyfxJu yDauudk axG;xkwfvdkufonf/ NyD;awmh [m;wdkuf&,f\/ uRefawmf aMumifoGm;onf/
'Daumif uRefawmfhudk vmavSmifaewmvm;/ rsufESmxm;wif;oGm;aMumif; oljrifNyD; rsufESmydk;owfonf/
]]udk0if;udk . . . uRefawmf ajymwmudk aoaocsmcsmem;axmifygOD; . . . ½kyf½SifMunfhw,fqdkwm [kwfygw,f . . .
'gayr,hf uRefawmfwkdYESpfa,mufwnf; r[kwfbl; . . . rsdK;omuDwdkY? pdk;'gvDEG,fwdkY nDtpfrvnf; ygygw,f . . . tJ'DaeYu
oluRefawmfhudk tajzay;w,fqdkwmawmh vHk;0 r[kwfbl; . . . }}
]]armif&ifu tajzrawmif;bl;vm; . . . }}
]][ifhtif; . . . tajzawmif;wmawG? bmawG arhawmifarhaew,f . . . [kwfw,fAs . . . 'DvdkAsm . . . q,fwef;
wkef;u olUudk uRefawmf pmay;zl;w,f . . . udk0if;udk odNyD;om;yg . . . olu uRefawmfhudk jyefrcspfbl; . . . pmar;yGJatmif
atmif BudK;pm;vdkYawmh ajymw,f . . . uRefawmf odom;yJ . . . oli,fcsif;wpfa,muftaeeJY pdwfavrSmpdk;vdkY tJ'Dvdk
ajymw,fqdkwm . . . uRefawmf 'Davmufvnf; rwHk;ao;ygbl; . . . ck uRefawmf pmar;yGJ atmifvmwmvnf; olYtcspfudk
&rvm;vdkYqdkwJh arQmfvifhcsufeJY BudK;pm;vdkY r[kwfygbl; . . . uRefawmf usufxm;wmawGeJY ar;cGef;eJY oGm;wdkufqdkifvdkY
atmifwm . . . olajymvdkY BudK;pm;wmqdk&if aemufwpfESpfrSm atmif&rSmaygh . . . ckawmh ESpfESpfxyfajzNyD;rS atmifwmav
. . . }}
olu enf;enf;&,fNyD; . . .
uRefawmfu [dkwkef;u odyfqdk;wmAs . . . ckawmh odyfrqdk;awmhygbl; . . . xm;ygav . . . uRefawmf ajymcsifwmu
ol uRefawmfhudkrcspfbl;qdkwmodNyD;awmh uRefawmfvnf; olYudk rarQmfvifhrdawmhygbl; . . . aemufawmhvnf; 'DvkdyJ
NyD;oGm;wmygyJ . . . olYudkcspfcJhzl;ygvm;qdkwm arhawhawhawmif jzpfaeygNyD . . . ckcsdefrSm oleJYuRefawmfu oli,fcsif;awG
tqifhxuf rydkygbl; . . . }}
143 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
uRefawmf pOf;pm;&NyD/ ol uRefawmfhudk vmywfaewmvm;/ ywfvdkYaum bmtaMumif;xl;p&m½SdvJ/ ,Hkawmh r,Hk
ao;/ olu uRefawmf awGaeojzifh oufaoxyfjyonf/
]]½Sif;½Sif;ajymr,f udk0if;udk&m . . . uRefawmfeJY udk0if;udkeJY bmrS jyóemr½Sdbl; . . . uRefawmfeJY jyóem½Sdwm
at;jrifhOD;eJYyJ . . . ola&m uRefawmfa&m 'gvDudk BudKufaewmudk; . . . udpör½Sdygbl;av . . . pdk;'gvDudk uRefawmfyJ &rSmyg
. . . }}
]]cifAsm; wu,f ajymaewmvm; . . .}} [k uRefawmf Za0Z0gjzifh ar;onf/ ol &,fjyef\/
]]udk0if;udk&,f . . . uRefawmfu tdrfxdatmif wul;wuefYvmNyD; vdrfyghrvm;As . . . }}
]]cifAsm; 'DtaMumif;awG b,fuodvmwmvJ . . . }}
uRefawmf todcsifqHk;udk ar;onf/
]]pdk;'gvDu ajymvdkYodwm . . . 'gawGu ta&;rBuD;ygbl; . . . udk0if;udk 'DaeY ZifZifeJY oGm;awGYvkdufyg . . . 'DaeY
olwdkY pmar;yGJ aemufqHk;aeYyJ . . . aemuf&ufawGqdk awGYzdkYrvG,fbl; . . . 'Dn&xm;eJYawmif olYrdbqD oGm;csifoGm;rSm . . .
pmar;yGJu q,fhESpfem&DNyD;r,f . . . ckq,fhwpfem&Dq,frdepf . . . tcsdefr½Sdawmhbl;As . . . }}
uRefawmf qwfceJ x&yfvkdufonf/ olu . . .
]]udk0if;udk pdwfrqdk;bl;qdk&if uRefawmf wpfckajymcsifw,f . . . }}
uRefawmf olYudkMunfhNyD; acgif;ndwfjyonf/
]]udk0if;udkudk uRefawmfhqdkifu,feJY vkdufydkUay;yg&ap . . . }}
aX;EdkifESifhywfowfí b,fawmhrS ajymjzpfcJhrnfrxifaom pum;wpfcGef;udk uRefawmf vdIufvSJpGm ajymvkdufonf/
]]aus;Zl;yJ udkaX;Ekdif . . . }}
*
Munfhprf;? b,favmufxl;qef;ovJ/ wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf jydKifbufawG jzpfvdrfhrnf[k xifcJhol/
aemufaemif rsufESmcsif;awmifqdkifjzpfrnf[k rxifcJholESpfa,mufwdkYonf armfawmfqdkifu,fwpfpD;wnf;jzifh twlw

uG pD;eif;oGm;aeMuygyaum/
aX;Ekdifu qdkifu,fudk tjrefqHk;armif;aeonf/ csdKifhcGufrsm;? a½SUuoGm;aeaom armfawmfum;rsm;udk ajrGvdrfajrG

aumuf a½SmifuGif;ausmfjzwfaeonf/ uRefawmfonf tonf;wat;at;jzpfaeonfhMum;uyif nu rufcJhaom tdrfrufudk
owd&vdkufao;onf/
q,fhig;rdepfawmif rMumvdkuf/ ausmif;a½SUodkYa&mufvmonf/ uRefawmf qdkifu,fay:u qif;\/
]]aus;Zl;yJ . . . }}
qdkaompum;udk wpfcg xyfajymonf/ em&D0ufavmuftwGif;rSm aX;Edkifudk &efolawmfBuD;tjzpfrS toufocif

aus;Zl;½SifeD;yg;wrQ jzpfoGm;&onfrSm tHhMop&m/
]]uJ *Gwfvyf udk0if;udk . . . tqifajyygap . . . }}
144 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
olu vufjyí qkdifu,fudk armif;xGufoGm;onf/ qdkifu,foHonf w'Hk;'Hk; r[kwf/ nifnifomom/ uRefawmf
onf qdkifu,f awmfawmfa0;a0;a&mufoGm;onfxd vufjyaerdonf/
wpfa,mufwnf; usefcJhawmhrS udk,fhtjzpfudk jyefoHk;oyfMunfh&onf/ aX;Edkifa&mufvm? jyóem½Sif;/ uRefawmfu

rauseyfaomtrlt&mjzifh½Sdae? aemuf ol½Sif;jyí trSefudkod&/ olESifh vdkufvm/ ausmif;udka&muf/ wpfem&Davmuf twGif;
rSm uRefawmfhOD;aESmufu tvkyfawGtrsm;BuD;vkyfvdkuf&onf/ qefYusifbuftawG;awG awG;cJh&onf/ awmifu ajrmufjzpf?
ta½SUu taemufjzpf/
ckawmh ausmif;a½SUu uRefawmf apmifhaeNyD/ ZifZifhudk awmif;yef&ef/ uRefawmfonf tcsdefudk vkívm&ojzifh at;
at;aq;aq; pOf;pm;cGifhr&/ ZifZifhudk ajym&rnfh pum;awGudk BudKwifjyifqifvmjcif; rjyKEdkifcJhacs/
ckvdk apmifhae&aomtcgusawmhvnf; pmar;yGJcef;xJ0ifcgeD; ausmif;om;wpfa,mufvdk pdwfawGylaeNyD; bmajym&

rnf[k twif;pOf;pm;zdkY BudK;pm;Munfh&m r&yJjzpfaeonf/
pmar;yGJtcsdefaph&ef rdepfydkif;omvdkawmhonf/ wcsdKUausmif;om;awGyif tcef;jyifxGufvmMuNyD/ ZifZifuawmh

tcsdefaphatmif ajzvdrfhrnfxifonf/ ol pmar;yGJajzcgeD; pdwftaESmuft,Sufjzpfatmif vkyfrdonfhtwGuf awmif;yef&rnf
[k tcsuftvufwpfck &vdkuf\/
tcsdefaphacgif;avmif; xdk;onf/ ausmif;om;ausmif;olawG xGufvmMu\/ ar;cGef;pm½Gufav;awG wudkifudkifjzifh

tajznd§olu nd§? ajzEdkifí aysmfoluaysmf? rdIifvmolu vm/
olwdkYtzdkYawmh pmar;yGJwpfckNyD;oGm;NyD/ uRefawmf wpfa,mufom usefonf/ uRefawmfonf ZifZifhxHrSm Elwfar;pm

ar;yGJudkajz&OD;rnf/ ajzEdkifrvm;? rajzEdkifbl;vm;/ atmifrvm;? usrvm;/
olYudk cspfa&;qdkpOfu? olYxHrS tajzawmif;pOfu ckefcJhzl;aom &ifckefEIef;pHcsdefudk ckwpfcg tjywftowf csdK;vdkufNyD

[k xif&onf/ pdwfawG vIyf½Sm;vGef;ojzifh vltkyfMum;rSm olYudk½SmMunfhzdkUyif tcuftcJawGYae&av\/
avSum;rS qif;vmol rsdK;omuDEG,fwdkYnDtpfrudk jrif&onf/ NyD;awmh olwdkYab;rSm uyfygvmaom ZifZifhudk awGY

\/
rsdK;omuDEG,fwdkYu uRefawmhfudkjrifNyD; jyHK;jyEIwfqufonf/ ZifZifuawmh uRefawmfhudk rjrifonfh yHkrsdK;/ uRefawmf

onf olYtzdkYudk,faysmufaeaom olwpfa,mufuJhodkY jzpfaeonf/
olwkdY uRefawmfha½SUrS jzwfavQmufoGm;onf/ uRefawmfaMumifí &yfaerdqJ/ pdk;'gvDoG,fu aemufjyefvSnfhMunfhNyD;

vkdufvmcJhavqdkonfh oabm rsuf&dyfjyrS owd0ifvmNyD; olwdkYaemufudk tarmwaumvdkufonf/
olwdkYudkrDvmNyD; ZifZifhab; 0ifuyfvkdufonfhtcsdefrSm [dknDtpfru tomaemufcsefae&pfcJhonf/
]]aqm&D;yJ ZifZif&,f . . . }}
uRefawmfajymonf/ tdrfrufxJrSmvdkyif uRefawmfhtoHudk olMum;yg&JUvm;[k pdk;&drfrd\/ olonf b,fvkdrQ rwHkY

jyef/
]]aqm&D;yJ ZifZif . . . }}
uRefawmf xyfajymjyefonf/ ol vSnfhíyif rMunfh/ olYrsufESmay:rSm cHpm;csufuif;rJhaeovdk at;pufaom t&dyf

ta&mifrsm;om jrif&onf/ uRefawmf ab;rSmygvmonfudk todtrSwfawmifrjyKonfhyHkrsdK;/
145 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
uRefawmf pdwfylvmrd\/ ZifZifhxHrSm 'Dvdktrlt&mrsdK; wpfcgrQ rawGYcJhzl;acs/ uRefawmfhudkawGUvQif jyif;xefaom
pum;vHk;rsm;jzifh &efawGYrnf/ rkef;w,f[k ajymrnf/ uRefawmfhudk ukwfzJh½dkufESufwmrsdK; vkyfcsifvkyfrnf xifcJhonf/ odkYqdk
vQif uRefawmfu olauseyfonftxd tEl;tnTwfawmif;yefvdkufrnf[k pdwful;cJhonf/ ckvdk jyefrajym em;raxmif
Oayu©myHkpHjzifh aeaeomtcg uRefawmf vefYvmavonf/
]]aqm&D;yJaemf . . . }}
pum;wpfvHk;wnf;om wwfaom Muufwla&G;wpfaumifvdk aqm&D;yJqdkaom pum;wpfvHk;udkom txyfxyf½Gwfae

&awmhonf/ olYudk bmqufajym&rSef; rodwwfatmif jzpfae\/
rdk;zGJuav;awG usvmonf/
olu vrf;avQmufae&mrS &yfvkdufonf/ uRefawmf a,mifNyD;vkduf&yfonf/ ol vufjyonf/ oHk;bD;um;wpfpD;

xdk;qdkufvmonf/ ol um;ay: apGYceJwufonf/ ½kwfw&ufrdkU uRefawmf aMumifNyD;Munfhaerdonf/ um;pxGufonf/
um;xGufvmeD;wGif ol pum;wpfcGef;ajym\/
]]½Sif rqdk;ygbl; . . . }}
uRefawmf ]cgceJ} jzpfoGm;onf/
um;xGufoGm;NyD/
rdk;u ydkonf;vmonf/
rdk;pufwpfpufonf jrm;wpfpif;rsm; jzpfaeava&mhovm;/
(19)
]]rif;udk igtjrJ owday;w,fuGm . . . pdwful;aygufwdkif; avQmufavQmufrvkyfygeJYvdkY . . . ckawmh Munfhav . . .

ZifZifeJYaX;Edkifudk rif;txifvGJwJhudpörSm aoaocsmcsm wdwdusus rpHkprf;bl; . . . pOf;pOf;pm;pm; rvkyfbl; . . . ZifZifu
½Sif;jywmudkvnf; vufrcHyJ wpfzufowftjrifeJY qHk;jzwfcsufawG csNyD; avQmuf&rf;w,f . . . ckawmh . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;u wzspfawmufawmuf ajymaeonf/ uRefawmf vufumNyNyD; . . .
]]awmfyguGm . . . 'DrSm pdwfnpf&wJhtxJ rif;u ighcsnf; tjypfwifaewmyJ . . . NyD;wJhudpöu NyD;aeNyD . . . }}
]]NyD;wmawmh [kwfw,f . . . aemufudk rif; 'grsdK;rvkyfrdatmif owday;wm . . . }}
udkaqGu . . . ]]aeprf;ygOD; . . . }} qdkNyD; . . .
]]rif;bufu rSm;oGm;NyDqdk oGm;awmif;yefvkdufayghuGm . . . . }}
]]awmif;yefNyD;NyD tpfudk& . . . [dku 'Daumifhudk tzufawmif rvkyfyJaevdkY 'Daumifckvdk cHae&wm . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;u 0ifajym&m udkaqGu . . .
]]'gqdkvnf; aemufwpfBudrf xyfBudK;pm;aygh . . . }}
uRefawmfu . . .
]]BuKd;pm;vkdY r&awmhbl; . . . olu raeYun&xm;eJY olYrdbawGqDoGm;NyD . . . ausmif;zGifhrS jyefvmrSm . . .
ausmif;zGifhawmhvnf; yifrwuúodkvfajymif;wuf&rSm . . . }}
]]'gu ½SmvkdY vG,fygw,fuGm? ausmif;u b,favmufMumMum ydwfrSmvJ . . . }}
]]ESpfv ausmfausmfavmufyJ . . . }}
]][m . . . rif; tMumBuD; cHae&rSmaygh . . . }}
]]cH&wmuawmh cH&rSmyJaygh . . . 'DMum;xJrSm ol uRefawmfhudk rkef;NyD; wjcm;avQmufvkyfaerSmom pdk;wm . . . }}
147 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
]]ckawmhvnf; odyfaMumufaeNyDaygh . . . [kwfvm; . . . }}
[k odef;rif;xGef;u 0ifaighonf/ uRefawmfu olYudk jyefajymrnfjyKpOf udkaqGu . . .
]]'geJY olYvdyfpm rif;rodbl;vm; . . . pmxnfhvdkufygvm; . . . }}
]]vdyfpmawmh odw,f . . . 'gayrJh pmu olYrdbawG vufxJ a&mufoGm;&if jyóemwufr,f . . . uRefawmf
pOf;pm;xm;wm wpfckawmh ½Sdw,f . . . }}
]]bmvJ . . . }}
]]&rnf;oif;udk uRefawmf vdkufoGm;rvdkY . . . }}
]]bm . . . b,fjzpfrvJ . . . ydkqdk;rSmaygh . . . rif; [dka&mufawmh bmvkyfrvJ . . . olYudkawGYzdkY BudK;pm;rSmyJr[kwf
vm; . . . 'gqdk olYrdbawGu odoGm;EdkifwmyJ . . . [dktxdvdkufvmw,fqdk&if ydkNyD; rouFmp&m jzpfukefvdrfhr,f . . .
[dkrSmu rif;u vlpdrf;oufouf . . . aemufNyD; obufcgus&if rif;tvkyf0if&awmhr,f r[kwfvm; . . . tvkyfp0if&
r,fhaeYrSm rif; ½Hk;rwufvdkU jzpfrvm;uG . . . }}
uRefawmf idkifoGm;jyefonf/ udkaqGu . . .
]]odyfpdwfrylaeygeJYuGm . . . rif;u olYudkawGYNyD; awmif;yefzdkY BudK;pm;w,fqdkwm olodNyD;NyDyJ . . . oljyefvmwJh
tcgusawmh xyfqufoG,fMunfhaygh . . . 'DMum;xJrSm aX;EkdifwdkYu rif;bufu0ifNyD; ajymay;MurSmyg . . . ESpfvavmuf
awmh onf;cHNyD; aevkdufayghuGm . . . }}
]]ESpfvqdkwm enf;wJhtcsdefvm; tpfudk& . . . }}
]]ckusrS tjzpfonf;ae . . . igydwfxdk;vkduf& . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;u 0ifajymonf/ qufí . . .
]]rif;udk ig wpfckawmh ajymxm;csifw,f . . . aemufqdk&if rif;wZGwfxdk; rvkyfygeJYawmh . . . ZifZif[m wpfouf
vHk; tyltyif taMumifhtMur½Sd aevmcJh&wm . . . tm;vHk;u tvdkvdkufxm;wmudk cHcJh&wm . . . tJ'Dvdk tajctaersdK;rSm
rif;u jyóemoGm;½Smawmh tJ'D'Pfudk olcHEkdif&nf r½Sd½Smbl;uG . . . odyfpdwfxdcdkufoGm;wmaygh . . . pdwfrylygeJUuGm . . .
ol rif;udk rrkef;Edkifygbl; . . . ta&;BuD;wmu aemufudk rif;owdxm;zdkYyJ . . . olYudk avmuBuD;taMumif;? vlawG
taMumif;? b0qdkwm tjrJtqifajyajyjzpfaerSm r[kwfwJhtaMumif;? rajyvnfwmawG 'ku©a&muf&wmawG ½SdwJhtaMumif;
em;vnfatmif ½Sif;jyaygh . . . nifnifomomuav; pnf;½Hk;,laygh . . . ZifZifu em;ra0;Ekdifygbl;uGm . . . wpfaeYus&if
&ifhusufwnfjidrfvmrSmyg . . . rif;vdkcsifwJhyHkpHrsdK; 0ifvmrSmyg . . . toufenf;enf; i,fao;vdkYyg . . . olY&JU yifudkpdwf
&if;u ½dk;om;jzLpifw,fqdkwm rif; odygw,fuGm . . . }}
odef;rif;xGef;ajymvdkufrSyif uRefawmf olUudk ydkí owd&vmonf/ 'gudk udkaqGu &dyfrd[efwlonf/
]tJ'gayghuGm . . . vGwfoGm;wJhbwfpfum;u vlydkacsmifw,fvdkY xif&w,fqdkwm . . . }} [k uRefawmf pdwfvufaygh
yg;oGm;atmif ajzodrfhaomtm;jzifh aemufvkdufonf/
uRefawmf r&,frd/ &,farmaysmf½Tifjcif;ESifh ESpfvausmfausmfavmuf tqufjywfaerSm aocsmavonf/
*
uRefawmf ½Hk;rSm tvkyf0ifonf/
148 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
reufudk;em&DcGJ ta&mufoGm;? nae av;em&DcGJjyef? ½Hk;rSm tvkyfcGifpnf;urf;twdkif;ae? udk,hfudk,fudk,f pepfZ,m;
usatmif aeonf/ þenf;tm;jzifh tvGrf;udk tvkyfESifh tpm;xdk;zdkY BudK;pm;onf/
tvkyfudk BudK;pm;aejcif;r[kwf/ udk,fhtaMumif;ESifhudk,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf vlBuD;awGuawmh uRefawmfhudk csD;usL;Mu\/
]]'DyHkpHtwdkif;qdk&if rMumcifrSm armif0if;udkarmif t&m½Sduav;jzpfrSmyJ . . . }}
[k rSwfcsufjyKMu\/
tvkyfcGifxJrSm uRefawmf A[kokwawG trsm;BuD;&onf/ uRefawmfhudk,fuRefawmf todOmPf&ifhusufvSNyD xifcJh

wm rSm;onf/ uRefawmf rodwmawG trsm;BuD;½SdaeaMumif;awGY&\/ avmutaMumif;? vlawGtaMumif;? avhvmp&mawG
trsm;BuD; usefao;onf/ uRefawmfhtvkyfudk uRefawmf pdwf0ifpm;vmonf/
vGrf;wmawmh vGrf;wmyJ/
tvkyfvkyfae&if; tcef;xJu jrefrmjynfajryHkay:rSm &rnf;oif;jrdKUudk ½SmMunfhwwfonf/ &efukefESifh&rnf;oif;

onf ajryHkay:rSm vufav;vHk;avmufom uGma0;\/ wu,fhtjyifrSmawmh rdkifaygif;&mESifhcsDonf/
tvGrf;ESifhc&D;tuGmt0;wkdYonf wdkuf½dkufqufEG,ftcsdK;usjcif;r½Sdaomfvnf; a0;ae&aomtcg ydkíowd&rdav\/
trkef;udk emMunf;jcif;ESifh axvdkY&csif&rnf/ tvGrf;udk aemifwESifhacsvdkUr&Ekdif/ aemifwonf tvGrf;ay:rSm

xyfudef;wifNyD; uRefawmfhtm; wmukefatmif ESdyfpufuvljyKayawmhonf/
]vlwpfa,mufudk apmfum;zdkYvG,fw,f . . . jyefawmif;yefzdkYcufw,f . . . }qdkaom odef;rif;xGef;\pum;udk rMum

cPowd&aerd\/
*
½Hk;tm;onfhtcsdefrsm;wGif jrdKUxJbufxGufNyD; aX;Ekdifudk awGYvkdawGYjim;½Smonf/ ½Smonfqdkaomfvnf; oloGm;aeus
ae&mrsm;udk odír[kwfacs/ wpfae&m&mrSmrsm; rawmfwq BuHKBudKufrvm;qdkaom oabmjzpfonf/ aX;Edkifuvnf; aysmuf
csufom;aumif;vSonf/ olYtdrfvdyfpmudk ar;rxm;rdcJhojzifh tcufawGYae&onf/
olESifhawGYvQif ZifZif\tajctaeudk odEdkifaomaMumifh awGTYcsifjcif;yifjzpf\/ ckawmhjzifh uRefawmfhtjzpfu &efukef

jrdKUv,frSm OD;wnf&mwdwdususr½SdyJ a,mifvnfvnfjzpfaeonf/ qdkifu,fawGYwdkif; aX;Edkifrsm;jzpfaervm;[k Munfh&onf
rSm tarm/
'DMum;xJ ZifZifESifh ywfowf&m owd&p&muav;awGu r½SmygyJvsuf tvdkvdkawGYBuHKae&onf/ aps;qdkifuav;

awGrSm yDauudkawGYvQif owd&onf/ a½SUaqmif½Hka½SUjzwftavQmufwGif olESifhuRefawmf wpfusyfcGJwef;u 0ifwdk;cJhyHkrsm;/
ZifZifhudk tvGrf;ajytjzpf wrifwumoGm;a&mufcJhonfh ae&mrsm;vnf;½Sd\/
OD;Owåryef;jcH/ uRefawmfvufaqmifay;aom zdeyfuav;udkpD;NyD; udk,f[efjyovdk vrf;avQmufMunfhaeonfudk jrif

a,mifvmonf/
Adkvfwaxmife,fajrwuúodkvfudkvnf; a&mufcJhonf/ ausmif;BuD;onf ausmif;ydwf&ufjzpfaomaMumifh

wdwfqdwfajcmufuyfvQuf/
149 rif; rqdk;ygbl;
olYudk pmay;cJhaomae&m/ aemufvnf; rMumcP oGm;xdkifjzpfcJhMuaom vufzuf&nfqdkifrSm 0ifxdkifonf/ pm;yGJ
xdk;uav;u tvkdufurf;qdk;rod/
]]wpfa,mufwnf;vm; q&m . . . }}
[k ar;onf/ NyD;awmh tDuvJ,m;rkefUwpfyGJ vmcsay;onf/ ZifZifonf xdkrkefYudk tvGefBudKufonf/ uav;i,f

wpfa,mufvdk tm;&yg;&pm;NyD;vQif olYEIwfcrf;eDeDuav;ay:rSm c&ifrfjzLjzLawG ayusHaewufavonf/
vufzuf&nfwpfcGufudk pdwfrygyJ aomufonf/ bmt&omrQ r½Sdovdkyif/ tvGrf;a0'emonf vQmudkyif ul;puf

ysHUESHYaeNyDvm;rod/
bk&m;0if;xJ 0ifvmcJhonf/ bdvyfjyef bk&m;wefaqmif;xJrSmxdkifonf/ cHhnm;aom wefaqmif;BuD;twGif;rSm pHae

awmfrlaom bk&m;qif;wkkBuD;\ oyÜm,faomrsufESmawmfaMumifh pdwfxJrSm twefi,fat;oGm;onf/
odkY&mwGif aouGJuGJjcif;udkom w&m;ojzifh ajzí &aumif;rS&Edkifygvdrfhrnf t½Sifbk&m;/
apwDvdkPfywfvrf;xJ 0ifcJhjyefonf/ eH&H½Sd rSefuluGufMum;rSm xdk;xnfhxm;aom pm½Guftydkif;tpuav;rsm;ay:rS

pm½Guftwdkuav;awGudk avQmufzwfMunfhaerdjyef\/
pdk;? pef;? jzL? vJh ? jrifh? oD? at; (*sdK;odef; aq;vdyfcHktvkyforrsm;)/
b,fawmhrS rarhEdkifbl;/
jrifhaqG
r*FvmESpfywfvnfaeY aumif;rIukodkvfayghaemf/
atmifjrifh? cifrm
uRefawmfonfvnf; . . . ]udk,fawmif;yefygw,f ZifZif&,f . . . } qdkNyD; a&;vdkufcsifonf/ ra&;&J/
t"d|mefNyKNyD; tvSLaiGypfxnfh&aom ae&modkYa&mufvmonf/ tvSLcHzvm;xJudk ZifZifESifh uRefawmf ydkufqHypf

xnfhcJhMuzl;ygonf/
tdwfxJu ydkufqHtaMuGwpfaph xkwfvdkufonf/ rwfaph/ zvm;xJodkY ypfxnfhrnf jyKonf/ vufuwkefae\/ rypf

&J/
(20)
tdrfjyefvmcJhonf/
uRefawmfhpdwfrsm;onf &rnf;oif;ESifh&efukef tacgufaygif;rsm;pGm vl;vmwHkYjyefaecJh\/ pdwfoGm;wdkif; udk,fyg

ygoGm;ovdk cHpm;&onf/ c&D;rdkifaygif;rsm;pGmudk trSefwu,fyif ajy;vTm;vdkuf&ouJhodkU yifyef;EGrf;vsaeonf/
]]eif b,foGm;aewmvJ . . . }} [k rrwl;u qD;ar;onf/
]]odef;rif;xGef;qD oGm;wmyg . . . }}
]]0if;udkwpfa,mufeJYawmh cufygao;w,f . . . eifhudkMunfh&wm igpdwfrcsrf;omvkdufwm . . .}} [k ck&ufydkif;rSm

ajymaeuspum;udk ajymawmhrnfrSef; odí a½SmifxGufzdkU BudK;pm;vkdufonf/
]]0if;udk . . . }}[k ac:ojzifh ]]bmvJ . . . }} [krxl;csifxl;csif xl;vdkuf&jyefonf/
]]ZifZif &efukef jyefa&mufaeNyD . . . }}
]]Asm . . . rrwl;udk b,fol ajymovJ . . . }}
]]ckeu aX;Edkif vmajymoGm;wm . . . tJ'g eif ZifZifhudk oGm;awGYvdkufygwJh . . . }}
]][kwfvm; . . . ZifZifu awGYcsifw,fajymvdkYvm; . . . }}
]]ZifZifu ajymvm; bmvm;awmh rodbl; . . . awGYjzpfatmif oGm;awGYvkdufygvdkY ajymoGm;wmyJ . . . }}
]]awGYjzpfatmif awGY&r,f . . . }}
]][kwfw,f . . . ZifZif tckaq;½Hkay:rSmwJh . . . }}
]][if . . . bmjzpfwmvJ . . . bmjzpfwmvJ . . . }}
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