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    4 Atoms - The Inside Story

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    pianosheet123
    This document provides an overview of atomic structure and subatomic particles. It discusses how scientists have learned that atoms can be broken down into protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, while electrons orbit around the nucleus. The document defines key atomic concepts like atomic number, mass number, and standard atomic notation. It also introduces Bohr-Rutherford diagrams for visualizing atomic structure.

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    4 Atoms - The Inside Story

    Uploaded by

    pianosheet123
    49 views4 pages
    This document provides an overview of atomic structure and subatomic particles. It discusses how scientists have learned that atoms can be broken down into protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, while electrons orbit around the nucleus. The document defines key atomic concepts like atomic number, mass number, and standard atomic notation. It also introduces Bohr-Rutherford diagrams for visualizing atomic structure.

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    4 Atoms- the inside story

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    This document provides an overview of atomic structure and subatomic particles. It discusses how scientists have learned that atoms can be broken down into protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, while electrons orbit around the nucleus. The document defines key atomic concepts like atomic number, mass number, and standard atomic notation. It also introduces Bohr-Rutherford diagrams for visualizing atomic structure.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    49 views4 pages

    4 Atoms - The Inside Story

    Uploaded by

    pianosheet123
    This document provides an overview of atomic structure and subatomic particles. It discusses how scientists have learned that atoms can be broken down into protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, while electrons orbit around the nucleus. The document defines key atomic concepts like atomic number, mass number, and standard atomic notation. It also introduces Bohr-Rutherford diagrams for visualizing atomic structure.

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    of 4

    SOME USEFUL EXPERIMENTS

     Since the 1800s, scientists have been trying to


    figure out the “inside scoop” about the atom
     For centuries, we (we humans) thought that the
    atom was the smallest, indivisible unit.
     We now know that is not true – the atom can be
    broken down into smaller bits called “sub-atomic
    particles”
     These are:
    ATOMS- THE INSIDE STORY
     Protons
     Neutrons
     Electrons

    PROTONS NEUTRONS
     Are found at the nucleus of the atom (this is the  Are also found in the nucleus
    core)  They are neutral, which means they have no
     They have a positive charge charge
     Each proton has a relative mass of 1  They also have a relative mass of 1

     PROTONS AND NEUTRONS DO NOT MOVE!


    ELECTRONS
     Not found in the nucleus – they orbit around the
    nucleus and move very quickly
     Have a negative charge

     Are very light – they have a mass of about


    1/2000th of the mass of a proton or neutron

    2000
    1 proton
    electrons

    IMPORTANT NUMBERS
     Atomic number
     This is the number of protons in the atom
     Each element has a different atomic number

     The number of protons in an atom is equal to the


    number of electrons in an atom (an atom has no
    charge)
     Mass Number  If you know the mass number and the atomic
     This is the number of protons + neurons in the number, then it is really simple to find out the
    nucleus number of neutrons:
     On your periodic table, it is located at the bottom
    underneath the symbol
    Mass # - Atomic # = # of Neutrons

    (p+n) – (p) = (n)

    STANDARD ATOMIC NOTATION


     Just to make things REALLY confusing for you....
     On the periodic table, the atomic number is on
    Mass Number
    the top and the mass number is on the bottom. 35
    Easy
     But we use something called “Standard Atomic
    Notation” to communicate information about an
    Cl
    17 Atomic Number
    atom.
     For this, the mass number is on the top, and the
    atomic number is on the bottom
    OH WHAT A BOHR.... BOHR – RUTHERFORD DIAGRAMS
     Niels Bohr did a lot of research with electrons  We use these to visualize the atoms.
    and their orbits. He concluded that:  Simple to draw!
     Electrons orbit around the nucleus 1. Draw a circle to represent the nucleus
     The orbits are at certain distances from the nucleus
    2. Draw in the amount of protons and neutrons
     Electrons cannot exist between the orbits, but they
    can change levels 3. Add the electrons in orbits around the nucleus

     The maximum amount of electrons for the first three


    orbits is 2, 8 and 8 Let’s try!!!!
     The electrons that are closer to the nucleus are more
    stable
     NOTE: orbits are also called shells

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