ANNEXURE-11

Homework Title / No. : Homework 1 Course Code : CSE-102

Course Instructor : Ms. Nancy Bhatia Course Tutor (if applicable) :

Date of Allotment : 22-01-2011 Date of submission : 03-02-2011

Student’s Roll No. RG1001A21 Section No. : G1001

Declaration:
I declare that this assignment is my individual work. I have not copied from any other student’s work or
from any other source except where due acknowledgment is made explicitly in the text, nor has any part
been written for me by another person.

Student’s Signature : Rajat Miglani

Evaluator’s comments:
_____________________________________________________________________

Marks obtained : ___________ out of ______________________

Content of Homework should start from this page only:

PART-1

1. A circuit board is made of which hardware components and

instead of wires how these are connected to each other.

Ans 1.
A circuit board is made up of hardware components like:
a) Mouse and Keyboard Ports
b) USB Ports
c) Parallel Ports
d) Ram Slots
e) PCI Slots
f) CPU Chip/Microprocessor
g) RAM Slots
h) Floppy Controller
i) IDE Controller
j) ISA Slots
k) C-MOS Battery
l) AGP Slot
m) CPU Slot
n) Power Supply Plug in
Mouse and Keyboard ports, USB Ports, Parallel Ports, RAM Slots,PCI
Slots, ISA Slots, C-MOS Battery, AGP Slot, CPU Slot, IDE Controller and
Floppy Controller are connected to the motherboard by the process of
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 soldering and they are made recognizable to the various other
hardware components by making logical circuits on the motherboard
using transistors, resistances and capacitors.

2. Write the BIOS features and the major areas the BIOS support
the CPU, chipsets, memory, drives, plug and play support,
power management, USB, parallel port and so on.

Ans 2.

• The main feature of BIOS is that it creates an interface between the

hardware components and the operating system. When the power is
turned ON it launches the configuration of the computer. If BIOS would
not be present then the devices attached to the motherboard are not
recognizable by the computer and the system will not be able to open
up even.

• The BIOS support the CPU, Chipsets, Memory, Drivers, Plug and Play
Support, Power Management, USB and Parallel Port. If these above
things lack the support of the BIOS then that feature is either
unavailable or will have limited functionality.

3. Write the BIOS features and what information is stored in the

BIOS and where it is stored?

Ans 3.
• The main feature of BIOS is to load the Operating System. To make
sure that every Hardware Components are working properly on the
system it performs a power-on self-test (POST) and make the interface
between both of them.
• The information stored by BIOS is the list of installed drivers and many
low-level configuration parameters that determines how PC functions.
It is stored in non-volatile C-MOS memory.

PART-2

4. Write down the way of writing data in CD/DVD with a data

organization and its physical layout. Both the devices are
having same physical structure but rather the amount of data
stored differs. Why?

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Ans 4.

There are 2 ways of writing data in CD/DVD The blank disc has a pre-
groove track onto which the data are written. The pre-groove track, which
also contains timing information, ensures that the recorder follows the same
spiral path as a conventional CD. A CD recorder writes data to a CD-R disc by
pulsing its laser to heat areas of the organic dye layer. The writing process
does not produce indentations (pits); instead, the heat permanently changes
the optical properties of the dye, changing the reflectivity of those areas.
Using a low laser power, so as not to further alter the dye, the disc is read
back in the same way as a CD-ROM. However, the reflected light is
modulated not by pits, but by the alternating regions of heated and
unaltered dye. The change of the intensity of the reflected laser radiation is
transformed into an electrical signal, from which the digital information is
recovered ("decoded"). Once a section of a CD-R is written, it cannot be
erased or rewritten. A CD -Writer can write to a CD-R using several
methods including:

1. Disc At Once - the whole CD-R is written in one session with no gaps
and the disc is "closed" meaning no more data can be added and the
CD-R effectively becomes a standard read-only CD. With no gaps
between the tracks the Disc At Once format is useful for "live" audio
recordings.
2. Track At Once - data are written to the CD-R one track at a time but the
CD is left "open" for further recording at a later stage. It also allows
data and audio to reside on the same CD-R.
3. Packet Writing - used to record data to a CD-R in "packets", allowing
extra information to be appended to a disc at a later time, or for
information on the disc to be made "invisible". In this way, CD-R can
emulate CD-RW; however, each time information on the disc is altered,
more data has to be written to the disc. There can be compatibility
issues with this format and some CD drives.

5. Suppose we have a Pentium III and we want to enjoy the

features of Pentium IV for graphics. What are the
considerations to be taken to upgrade a motherboard?

Ans 5.

• We first have to see the form factor of the cabinet and have to
change RAM nearly to 1GB and hard drive to nearly 40+ GB. Also
we have to upgrade our power supply too.
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 • Also probably have to install Graphic card..

6. Taking an example, show how and why device drivers are

necessary for a hardware component to work.

Ans 6.
Taking an example of Wi-Fi Lan Card. As we have not installed the
wireless driver the screen will not display the wireless connections. As
soon as we install wireless driver our PC shows the network present
near to us.
As the driver is not been installed the BIOS will not know how or from
which path it guide PC to access the wireless connection.

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