• Power is transmitted through pipes by the water

(or other liquids) flowing through them.

• The power transmitted depends upon:

(a) the weight of the liquid flowing through the pipe
(b) the total head available at the end of the pipe.
Total head (energy per unit weight) H of fluid is given by:
V2 P
H  Z
2g 
Energy Energy Weight Weight
Power  x   gQ Q
time weight time time

Therefore:
Power   Q H

Units of power:
N . m/s = Watt
746 Watt = 1 HP (horse power)
Condition for Maximum Transmission of Power:
dP
The condition for maximum transmission of power occurs when : 0
dV
P  Q[ H  h f  hm ]

Neglect minor losses and use Q  AV  [ D 2
]V
4
So  LV 3
P  D 2 [ HV  f ]
4 D 2g
dP  3 fL 2
 D 2 [ H  V ]0
dV 4 2 Dg
fL V 2 H
H 3  3h f  hf 
D 2g 3
 Power transmitted through a pipe is maximum when the loss of
head due to friction equal 1 of the total head at the inlet
3
Efficiency of power transmission  is defined as
Power available at the outlet

Power supplied at the inlet
Q[ H  h f  hm ] [ H  h f  hm ] [H  h f ]
  or 
QH H H
(If we neglect minor losses)

Maximum efficiency of power transmission occurs when

H
H [H  ]
hf    max  3 2
  66.67%
3 H 3
 Example
A pipe line has length 3500m and diameter 0.5m is
used to transport Power Energy using water. Total
head at entrance = 500m. Determine the maximum
power at the Exit. F = 0.024
 Solution
Pout  γ Q H  h f 
H 500
Max. Power at  h f   m
3 3
L V2 3500 V 2 V  4.412 m/s
hf  f   0.024
D 2g 0.5 2 g

Q  AV  π
4
0.5 4.412  0.8663 m 3 /s
2
P  γQ {H  h f }

 H 
  gQ  H 
 3 

  gQ 2
3 H

 1000 9 .81 0 .8663  23 500 

2832801
 2832801 N.m/s (Wa tt)   3797.32 HP
746