SY 2020-2021

4th Quarter

MUSIC 9
(Part 1/4)

Topic/s: VOCAL MUSIC OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD

Objective/s:
At the end of the lesson, the students should have been able to:
 discuss the vocal music of the romantic period;
 listen perceptively to selected art songs and excerpts of opera and classify the different vocal ranges and voice types of opera performers.; and
 appreciate the opera composers of the romantic period.
Concept/Discussion Example

VOCAL MUSIC OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD

The parallelisms of music and literature were clearly evident in almost all forms
of vocal music during the Romantic period. Composers interpret poems, mood,
atmosphere and imagery into music. Musical compositions suc as the art song was
written for solo voice and piano. Like all program music, art song has its
inspiration from poetry in this period. Mood is often set at the beginning with
piano introduction and concluded with a piano postlude.
Romantic artists found inspiration in landscapes. Their subjects were traditional
myths, legends and folklore usually dealing with the supernatural, grotesque, and
less ordinary.
Vocal music in this period require singers to perform a greater range of tone
color, dynamics and pitch. Because of this, Opera became an important source of
musical expressions. The birth of the opera houses came. It was the place where
all the arts converged: not only music, but poetry, painting, architecture and the
dance as well.

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 OPERA COMPOSERS OF THE ROMANTIC PERIOD

Franz Peter Schubert

The proper name for Franz Schubert songs is actually lieder, which is the
German word for songs. Schubert developed lieder so that they had a powerful
dramatic impact on the listeners. He tapped the poetry of writers like Johann
Goethe. He is considered the last of the Classical composers and one of the first
romantic ones. His famous vocal music works/ Lieder were: “Gretchen am
Spinnrade”, “Erlkonig”, “Ellens Gesang III” (“Ave Maria”) and “Schwanenge
sang” (“Swan Song”). He also wrote piano pieces, string quartets, operetta and the
Symphony No.8 in B minor (“Unfinished Symphony”)
Schubert was born on the 31st of January 1797 in Himmelpfortgrund, Austria
and died in 1828 in Vienna, Austria at 31.

Listen to example music videos here:

Erlking (1815)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ToaKjCY4-A

Giuseppe Verdi
A name associated with Romantic opera is that of Verdi. His characters are
ordinary people and not those of the royal family like those found in German Franz Peter Schubert
operas. He insisted on a good libretto and wrote operas with political overtones
and for middle-class audience.
Verdi was born in Parma, Italy on October 9, 1813. He studied in Busseto and
later went to Milan where his first opera “Oberto” was performed in La Scala, the
most important opera house at the time. Almost all of his works are serious love
story with unhappy ending. Expressive vocal melody is the soul of a Verdi opera
He completed 25 operas throughout his career. His final opera ends with “All
the world‟s a joke.”Some of his famous operas are still being produced and
performed worldwide. His much acclaimed works are; La Traviata, Rigoletto,
Falstaff, Otello and Aida were he wrote for the opening of the Suez Canal. He died
in Milan, Italy on January 27,1901.

Listen to example music videos here:

Best Opera Arias Giuseppe Verdi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeYWxUsDr-M

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Giacomo Puccini
He was born in a poor family on December 22, 1858 in Lucca, Italy. He studied
at the Milan Conservatory. He belonged to a group of composers who stressed
realism, therefore, he drew material from everyday life, rejecting heroic themes
from mythology and history.
Puccini‟s famous operas were: “La Boheme”, “Tosca”, “Madame Butterfly”,
and “Turandot”.

Listen to example music videos here:

Madame Butterfly: Un bel di vedremo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01f8_3LdJdo

Richard Wagner
Wilhelm Richard Wagner was born in Leipzig, Germany on May 22, 1813. He
attended Leipzig University. He was very much inspired by Ludwig van
Beethoven. Wagner introduced new ideas in harmony and in form, including
extremes of chromaticism. He also explored the limits of the traditional tonal
system that gave keys and chords its own identity which paved the way for the rise Giacomo Puccini
of atonality in the 20th century.
Wagner exerted a strong influence on the operatic medium. He was an advocate
of a new form of opera which he called “music drama” where musical and
dramatic elements were fused together. He developed a compositional style in
which the orchestra has of equal importance in dramatic roles as the singers
themselves. The expressiveness is aided by the use of “leitmotifs” or musical
sequences standing for a particular character/plot element.
His famous works are; “Tristan and Isolde”, “Die Walkyrie”, “Die
Meistersinger”, “Tannhäuser”, and “Parsifal”. His work would later influence
modern film scores, including those of the Harry Potter and Lord of the Rings film
series. Wagner died of a heart attack on February 13,1883 at age of 69.

Listen to example music videos here:

Lohengrin – Prelude
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqk4bcnBqls Wilhelm Richard Wagner

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Georges Bizet
He was registered with the legal name Alexandre-Cesar-Leopold Bizet, but was
baptized Georges Bizet and was always known by the latter name. He was born
October 25, 1838 in Paris, France. He entered the Paris Conservatory of music at a
very young age.
Bizet became famous for his operas. His most famous opera is “Carmen”.
However, when “Carmen” first opened in Paris, the reviews were terrible. The
shows were criticized in horrible ways that resulted in poor audience attendance.
During the first round of “Carmen” performances, Bizet died (June 3, 1875). He
was only 36. Four months later, “Carmen” opened in Vienna, Austria, and was a
smash hit. It is now one of the most popular operas ever written. Bizet never knew
that audiences would come to consider it as his

Listen to example music videos here:

"Les Toreadors" from Carmen Suite No. 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4DNGMoMNLRY

Opera became increasingly popular during the Romantic period. It is a musical

composition having all or most of its text set to music with arias, recitative, Georges Bizet
choruses, duets, trios, etc. sung to orchestral accompaniment. The opera is usually
characterized by elaborate costumes, scenery and choreography.
Components of an Opera:
 Libretto - the text of an opera. Librettist and the composer work closely
together to tell the story.

 Score - the book that the composer and librettist put together. The score has all
the musical notes, words and ideas to help the performers tell the story. Often,
there are operas with overtures, preludes, prologues, several acts, finales and
postludes.

 Recitative - Declamatory singing, used in the prose parts and dialogue of opera.
Different roles in operas are created taking into account different types of voices.

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Each role requires a different type of singer, not only able to sing a given vocal
range but also with certain voice characteristics, color and power. It is also important to know the types
of voices of singers. This will serve as a
 Aria – an air or solo singing part sung by a principal character. This song is guide for singers on their choice of songs
what the public will remember best when leaving the opera house. Properly and and vocal quality expected of a singer or
well sung, a beautiful aria can bring an audience to its feet and decide the fate of opera character.
an entire opera.
For the Male Voice:
 Duet, trio, and other small ensemble 1. Tenor- highest male voice
 Chorus 2. Baritone- Middle male voice, lies
 Orchestra between Bass and Tenor voices. It is the
 Acts-main divisions of an opera common male voice.
 Scene- setting or place 3. Bass- lowest male voice
Composers like Verdi, Puccini and Wagner saw the opportunity to explore ways to
develop the vocal power of a singer. Greater range of tone color, dynamics and For the Female Voice:
pitch were employed. 1. Soprano- highest female voice
Dynamics and vocal embellishments were used to further affect the way singers  Coloratura-highest soprano voice
sing. Some musical terms are used like:  Lyric-bright and full sound
 A Capella - one or more singers performing without instrumental  Dramatic- darker full sound
accompaniment.  Mezzo-Soprano- most common
 Cantabile - In a singing style female voice; strong middle voice, tone is
 Capo - Head, the beginning darker or deeper than the soprano
 Coda - closing section appended to a movement or song.  Contralto- lowest female voice and
 Dolce - sweetly most unique among female
 Falsetto - a weaker and more airy voice usually in the higher pitch ranges.
 Glissando - sliding quickly between 2 notes/
 Passagio - parts of a singing voice where register transitions occur.
 Rubato - slight speeding up or slowing down of the tempo of a piece at the
discretion of the soloist.
 Tessitura - the most comfortable singing range of a singer.
 Vibrato - rapidly repeated slight pitch variation during a sustained note, to give
a richer & more varied sound.

Here are some examples of the story of 2

Synopsis
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Reference: Achieve Creative Experiences and Skills in MAPEH 9

SY 2020-2021
4th Quarter

ARTS 9
(Part 2/4)

Topic/s: WESTERN CLASSICAL PLAYS AND OPERAS

Objective/s:
At the end of the lesson, the students should have been able to:
 identify the history of the theatrical forms and their evolution;
 make a timeline history of the evolution of the theatrical forms; and
 appreciate the western classical plays and opera
Concept/Discussion Example
History of the Theatrical Forms and Their Evolution
Theater began from myth, ritual and ceremony. Early society perceived
connections between actions performed by groups of people or leaders to a certain
society and these actions moved from habit, to tradition, to ritual, to ceremony due
to human desire and need for entertainment. The repeated rehearsals,
performances and creation of different actions broke the ground for theater. Let us
now study the theatrical forms of the different art periods.
Theater means ―place of seeing‖, but it is more than the buildings where
performance take place. To produce theater, a playwright writes the scripts, the
director rehearses the performers, the designer and technical crew produce props
to create the scenes, and actors and actresses perform on stage. Then it will only be
a true theater act when an audience witnesses it.
Before we proceed to experience how to organize and perform in a theater, we
have to acquire information on the important periods and events in theater history.

Ancient Theater
700 B.C.E.-410 C.E.
(Greek and Roman Theater)

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Greek Theater
European theater began in Ancient Greece. It began around 700 B.C. with Katharine Goeldner brings her Carmen to Lyric Opera of Chicago,2010
festivals honoring their many gods. One god, Dionysus, with a religious festival
called, ―The Cult of Dionysus‖, to honor Dionysus (Di-on-i-sus), the god of wine
and fertility. The city-state of Athens was the center of a significant cultural,
political, and military power during this period, where the festivals and
competitions were usually performed. The three well-known Greek tragedy
playwrights are Sophocles, Euripides and Aeschylus.
The theater of ancient Greece consisted of three types of drama: Tragedy,
Comedy and the Satyr play.
Tragedy is a compound of two Greek words, ―tragos‖ or "goat" and ―ᾠδή‖
(ode) meaning "song, referring to goats sacrificed to Dionysus before
performances, or to goat-skins worn by the performers.
In Greece, tragedy was the most admired type of play. It dealt with tragic
events and have an unhappy ending, especially one concerning the downfall of the
main character. Thespis was the first actor and introduced the use of masks and
was called the "Father of Tragedy.
The actors, directors, and dramatists were all the same person. After some time,
only three actors were allowed to perform in each play. Due to limited number of
actors allowed on-stage, the chorus played into a very active part of Greek theatre.
Music was often played during the chorus. Men performed songs to welcome
Dionysus and women were not allowed to perform. Competitions in song, dance,
music, scenic representation and bodily exercises were done during the festivals.
And to promote a common identity, Athenians spread these festivals to their
numerous allies.
Comedy plays were derived from imitation; there were no traces of their
origin. Aristophanes wrote most of the comedy plays. Out of these 11 plays,
Lysistrata survived, a humorous tale about a strong woman who led a female
coalition to end war in Greece. Cyclops was an adventurous comedy by Euripides. Ancient Theater Terms:
Satyr Play contains comic elements to lighten the overall mood or a serious Theatre buildings were called theatron. The theaters were large, open-air structures
play with a happy ending. The satyr play was a short, lighthearted tailpiece constructed on the slopes of hills. They consisted of three main elements: the orchestra, the
performed after each trilogy of the tragedies. It is an ancient Greek form of tragic skene, and the audience.
comedy. It featured choruses of satyrs, based on Greek mythology, and with Orchestra: A large circular or rectangular area at the center part of the theatre, where the
pretended drunkenness, bold sexuality (including phallic props), tricks, and sight play, dance, religious rites, and acting took place.
jokes. This featured half-man / half-goat characters known as Satyrs. They were Theatron- viewing place on the slope of a hill
awful, ridiculous, and usually drunk. The Satyr characters lusted after everyone on Skene –stage

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stage, and they delivered the most humorous lines, often at the expense of others. Parodos- side entrance.

Roman Theater
The theatre of ancient Rome started in the 3rd century BC. It had varied and
interesting art forms, like festival performances of street theatre, acrobatics, the
staging of comedies of Plautus, and the high-verbally elaborate tragedies of
Seneca. Although Rome had a native tradition of performance, the Hellenization
(historical spread of ancient Greek culture) of Roman culture in the 3rd century
BC had an intense and energizing effect on Roman theatre and encouraged the
development of Latin literature.
According to Roman historian Livy, in the 4th century BC, the Etruscan actors
were the first experienced theater. While in 240 BC, Roman drama began with the
plays of Livius Andronicus. It remained popular throughout late Antiquity. And
by the mid 4th century AD, 102 out of 176 ludi publici being dedicated to theatre,
besides a considerably lower number of gladiator and chariot racing events.
Greek theatres had a great influence on the Roman’s theater, too. The
Triumvir Pompey- was one of the first permanent (non-wooden) theatres in
Rome, whose structure was somewhat similar to the theatron of Athens. The
building was a part of a multi-use complex that included a large quadriporticus (a The usual themes for Roman theater plays were chariots races, gladiators, and public
columned quadrangle), directly behind the scaenae fron-, an elaborately decorated executions. The Romans loved a good spectacle. They loved to watch combat, admired
background of theatre stage, enclosed by the large columned porticos with an blood sports and gladiator competition. The more realistic the violence, the more it pleased
expansive garden complex of fountains and statues. There were rooms also that Roman audiences. The Christians however opposed the barbaric themes of the plays and
were dedicated to the exposition of art and other works collected by Pompey closed down all theaters.
Magnus which were located along the stretch of covered arcade. Comedy plays were popular too in the Roman Theater from 350 to 250 B.C. and women
were allowed to perform on stage.
Renaissance Theater: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Winner_of_a_Roman_chariot_race.jpg
1400-1600 Medieval Theater
Renaissance theater arts were characterized by a return of Classical Greek and 500 C.E.-1400
Roman arts and culture.
During Middle Ages, mystery plays formed a part of religious festivals in
England and other parts of Europe during the Renaissance period. Morality plays
(in which the protagonist was met by personifications of various moral attributes
who try to choose a Godly life over the evil) and the University drama were
formed to recreate Athenian tragedy. Public theatres were developed like, the
Commedia dell'arte (Italian comedy and a humorous theatrical presentation

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performed by professional players who traveled in troupes) and the elaborate
masques (a dramatic entertainment consisting of pantomime, dancing, dialogue,
and song and sometimes players wore masks) that were usually presented in court.
One of the most prominent supporters of the theater was Queen Elizabeth I. Different Western Classical Plays and Opera
The companies of players (companies of actors) were organized by the aristocrats
and performed seasonally in many places. They were called professional players A. Greek: Oedipus Rex( Ee-dih – pus Rex):
that performed on the Elizabethan stage. The tours of these players gradually (Sophocles-Playwright)
replaced the performances of the mystery and morality plays by local players. This time let us read an example of plays, Oedipus Rex
Gorboduc (authors were Thomas Norton and Thomas Sackville), also known as and Antigone . Understand the stories because after you
Ferrex and Porrex, was an English play and first performed at the Christmas have read these, you will answer the activities given in
celebration in 1561, and performed before Queen Elizabeth I on 18 January 1562, this module and choose one of them to perform in the
by the Gentlemen of the Inner Temple ( was one of the four Inns of Court culminating activity. You are given enough time to read
-professional associations for barristers and judges in London). the story.
For almost 50 years in the dramatic competitions of the
Baroque Theater city-state of Athens that took place during the religious
1600-1750 festivals of the Lenaea and the Dionysia, Sophocles
The theater of the Baroque period is marked by the use of technology in current was the most famous playwright. He won first
Broadways or commercial plays. The theater crew uses machines for special place in 24 out of 30 competitions and was never
effects and scene changes which may be changed in a matter of seconds with the judged lower than second place. Aeschylus won
use of ropes and pulleys. 14 competitions, and was sometimes defeated by
This technology affected the content of the performed pieces, practicing at its best Sophocles, while Euripides won only 4
the Deus ex Machina(a Latin word meaning "god from the machine) solution. competitions The most famous tragedies of
In which the character gods were finally able to come down from the heavens and Sophocles were Oedipus and Antigone: they were
rescue the hero in dangerous situations. known as the Theban plays, although each play was
As a result, the theater was richly decorated, the multiplicity of plot turns and aactually a part of a different tetralogy. Sophocles influenced the development of the drama,
variety of situations characteristic of Mannerism (a variety of approaches or most importantly by adding a third actor. And he developed his characters to a greater
intellectual sophistication as well as using artificial qualities of the play) wereimportance than the chorus in the presentation of the plot.
succeeded by opera.
The use of theatrical technologies in the Baroque period may be seen in the films Sophocles-Playwright
Vatel (2000), Farinelli (1999) and in the different stage productions of ―Orpheus‖ Sophocles (sofəkliːz); c. 497/6 BC 406/5 BC) is an ancient Greek tragedian. His
by Claudio Monteverdi. contemporary playwrights were Aeschylus, and Euripides. Sophocles wrote 123 plays, but
only seven have survived in a complete form:
Neoclassical Theater  Ajax,
1800-1900  Antigone,
The Neoclassical period was a movement where the styles of Roman and Greek  The Women of Trachis,
societies influenced the theater arts.  Oedipus( Ee dih - pus) the King,

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During the Neoclassical period, the theater was characterized by its grandiosity.  Electra,
Costumes and sceneries were highly elaborate. The main concepts of the plays  Philoctetes and
were to entertain and to teach lessons. Stages were restyled with dramatic arches  Oedipus at Colonus.
to highlight the scenes. Multiple entry points on the stage were evident in many
plays. Lighting and sound effects intensified the mood and message of each scene, Renaissance: Romeo and Juliet
enhancing the dramatic experience. The idea of changing scenery and backdrops (William Shakespeare)
become more noticeable, particularly with the invention of pulley systems that Genre: Tragedy
allowed parts to move more quickly across the stage. William Shakespeare was born and baptized on
The concept of decorum (meaning right and proper audience behavior) was April 26 1564 and died on April 23 1616.
applied in this period which means classical concepts and appropriate social Shakespeare was born and brought up in
behavior must be observed. Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18, he
This period officially established just two types of plays, tragedy and comedy. married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had
They never mixed these together, and the restriction led to the use of the now well- three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and
known pair of happy and sad masks that symbolize the theatrical arts. Tragedies Judith. He was an English poet and playwright,
portrayed the complex and fateful lives of the upper classes and royals, while widely known as the greatest writer in the
comedies, which were either public discourse or comedies of manners, tended to English language and the world's pre-eminent
focus on the lower ranks of society, Observance to these genres was critical to a dramatist. He’s been known also as the "Bard of
play's success. Avon". His existing works consist of about:
Three playwrights achieved a significant amount of success. Pierre Cornielle  38 plays,
(1606 – 1684) was often called the father of the French tragedy, writing scripts for  154 sonnets,
more than four decades. One of these was “The Cid‖. Jean-Baptiste Poquelin,  two long narrative poems
better known as Molière (1622 – 1673) was known for his comedies, “Tartuffe
and The Missanthrope‖ was one of his works. Jean Racine (1639 – 1699) was a Between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and
tragedian beloved for his simple approach to action and the linguistic rhythms and part-owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the
effects he achieved. ―Andromache and Phaedra” was one of his scripts. These King's Men. He appears to have retired to Stratford around 1613 at age 49, where he died
men were able to take elements from classical Greek and Roman literature and three years later. With the exception of Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare's most famous
transform them into plays. tragedy and one of the world's most enduring love stories, William Shakespeare's early
plays were mostly histories written in the early 1590s. Shakespeare also wrote several
Romantic Theater comedies during his early period:
1800-2000  A Midsummer Night's Dream
Romantic Playwrights:  Merchant of Venice
During Romantic period, melodrama and ―operas‖ became the most popular  Much Ado About Nothing
theatrical forms. Melodrama originated from the French word “melodrame”,  As You Like It and
which is derived from Greek ―melos”, music, and French‖ drame”, which is  Twelfth Night
derived from Greek ―dran” to peform. Melodrama can be also be described as a  Titus Andronicus

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 dramatic work that puts characters in a lot of danger in order to appeal to the  The Comedy of Errors
emotions and in which orchestral music or song was used to accompany the  The Taming of the Shrew and
action. Opera, in the other hand, is an art form in which singers and musicians  The Two Gentlemen of Verona
perform a dramatic work combining text (called a libretto) and musical score.
Such as acting, scenery, and costumes and dance were important elements of Later Works: Tragedies and Tragicomedies
theater. It is usually performed in an opera house, accompanied by an orchestra or  Hamlet
smaller musical ensemble.  King Lear
 Othello

Reference: Achieve Creative Experiences and Skills in MAPEH 9

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 SY 2020-2021
4th Quarter

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 9
(Part 3/4)

Topic/s: ENJOYING RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES

Objective/s:
At the end of the lesson, the students should have been able to:
 discuss the history of table tennis and basketball;
 perform some basic skills in table tennis or basketball; and
 analyze the importance of recreational activities for every individual.
Concept/Discussion Example

TABLE TENNIS

A Brief History Of Table Tennis

Table tennis has been around for over 140 years and in that time a lot has
changed since its humble beginnings being played in homes by the upper classes
to now being played by millions of players in hundreds of countries all over the
world.
Table tennis (or Ping Pong as it is more commonly known in the US) was
invented in 1880s Victorian England. It was an adaptation the popular game lawn
tennis as a way of continuing to play inside during the winter when it was too cold
to play outside.
It caught on very quickly being a lot more accessible for people to play at home
as they didn’t need a big outside space. 
Lots of games companies began marketing sets that came with nets, bats and
balls. Back then the game went by a lot of different names depending on the
company that was selling the equipment. Some of the names that it was known by
are:
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  Ping-Pong or Gossima
 Table Tennis
 Whiff Waff
 Pom-Pom
 Pim-Pam
 Lots of others
Eventually, Ping Pong and Table Tennis stuck and in 1901 The Ping Pong
Association and The Table Tennis Association were formed.
Fitness for Table Tennis
General conditioning exercises; such as press ups, sit ups, lunges, squats etc.
are all great for table tennis. However, the emphasis should be on speed, quickness
and explosiveness, rather than simply good technique of exercise.
Rules for Table Tennis
Service Rules
1. The service must start with the ball in an open palm. This stops you from
throwing it up with spin.
2. The ball must be thrown vertically, at least 16 cm. This stops you from
serving straight out of your hand and surprising your opponent.
3. The ball must be above and behind the table throughout the serve. This
stops you getting any silly angles and gives your opponent a fair chance at
returning. Table Tennis Equipment and Table Dimensions
4. After throwing the ball, the server must get their free arm and hand out of
the way. This is to allow the receiver to see the ball.
Doubles Rules
1. The service must go diagonally, from the server’s right-hand side to the
receivers’ right-hand side. This stops you from getting the opposing pair
tangled up before they’ve even hit a ball.
2. A doubles pair must strike the ball alternately. This makes doubles
challenging. None of that front court/back court tennis nonsense.
3. At the change of service, the previous receiver becomes the new server and
the partner of the previous server becomes the receiver. This makes sure
everybody does everything. After eight points you’re back to the start of
the cycle.
General  match play
1. You have two serves before it is your opponent’s turn to serve twice. This
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 used to be five serves each but since changing to 11 it’s now just two.
2. At 10-10 it’s deuce. You get one serve each and must win by two clear
points. This is sudden death or table tennis’ equivalent of a tie break.
3. If you are playing a best of 3, 5 or 7 (as opposed to just one set) you have
to change ends after each game. This makes sure both players experience
conditions on both sides of the table. You also change ends when the first
player reaches five points in the final game of a match.
Summary of points awarded on any of the following situations:
 Ball bounces twice
 Ball does not hit after a bounce on one’s side
 Ball bounces on one’s side after hitting
 Hitting a ball before it bounces on one’s side
 Hitting a ball twice
 Ball touches anything other than paddle
 Not returning the ball
 Touching the table with the free hand
 Unsuccessful service

A Brief History of Basketball

Basketball was invented in 1891 by Dr James Naismith, a Canadian of
Scottish descent at Springfield College Massachusetts. The college was the
International YMCA Training School and the game was invented to provide an
indoor activity for trainee YMCA leaders. When the game was first played, peach
baskets were nailed up at each end of the gymnasium as “goals”, hence the origin
of the name “basketball”.

Fitness for Basketball

Fitness is a very important component of success in basketball. Of course you
generally need to be tall and have good skills, but you also need the right physical
fitness attributes. Players require excellent strength and power, running speed,
balance and agility, as well as a good level of aerobic endurance fitness.

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Basketball Basic rules and Skills
In basketball, there are two opposing teams playing in a court. Only five
players at a time per team are allowed inside the playing area. The objective of the
game is to shoot the ball in a hoop or ring, and the ball is handled throughout the
court by dribbling or passing. At the end of the game, the team with more points
wins.
Basic skills needed in basketball are dribbling, passing, and shooting.
Variants of dribbling include the low control, the crossover, between-the-legs,
behind-the-back, the reverse dribble, and the speed dribble. Variants of passing
include the chest pass, the bounce pass, the overhead pass, the outlet pass, and the
behind-the-back pass. Variants of shooting techniques include the set shoot, the
lay-up, the underhand shot, the jump shot, the hook shot, and the dunk shot.
Other skill sets in basketball involve blocking (the ball is attempted to be
blocked, but only when the ball is at the upward arc), rebounding (retrieving a ball
that bounces off after a failed shot), zone defense (guarding anyone that comes in a
specific area), man to man defense (guarding a specific player one-on-one), cutting
(moving quickly to gain a better position while not holding the ball), and screening
(a move to stop an opponent guarding a team mate).

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 LIFE SKILLS AND ACTIVITIES
Life skills and activities are topics grouped together due to a common set of
skills and activities a man needs in the primitive setting, but these skills are still
relevant today. There is a skill needed to maneuver water and land. A skill needed
to hunt and gather food, as well as defend one's territory from attacks. There is
also the skill needed for arts and crafts for various purposes, for recreational
activities to pass time and for enjoyment, as well as to provide alternative
activities for the injured, physically challenged, and aged. Translated to modern
times, these activities can be grouped into aquatics or water sports, mountaineering
that may include trekking, orienteering, birdwatching, martial arts or self-defense,
and community recreation. MOUNTAINEERING
Recreational activities are those activities held during one’s leisure time. Their EQUIPMENTS
purpose is to refresh oneself by doing activities that are considered by an
individual enjoyable. Active recreational activities are highly recommended for
health promotions. Swimming and mountaineering are two popular activites that
people do for rest and recreation.

Mountaineering
Enjoying nature through treks and hiking up mountains involve more
preparation than just deciding to go for these activities. A group needs to meet up
for a pre-climb to discuss all details of the climb such as the location, terrain,
supplies, and roles of all members joining the climb. While the climb itself is the
main activity, a lot of tasks are performed before and after the climb. The group is
supposed to meet up after the climb for assessment and reporting. Mountaineering,
aside from being a moderate to vigorous physical activity, involves the formation
of other values such as being able to work with others, being responsible in tasks
delegated to one's person, being able to appreciate and take care of nature, and
being able to practice discipline when involved in an activity that needs utmost
care.

Reference: Achieve Creative Experiences and Skills in MAPEH 9

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 SY 2020-2021
4th Quarter

HEALTH 9
(Part 4/4)

Topic/s: INJURY PREVENTION, SAFETY, AND FIRST AID (INTENTIONAL)

Objective/s:
At the end of the lesson, the students should have been able to:
 discuss different types of intentional injuries;
 suggest some ways to prevent and control intentional injuries; and
 analyze the risk factors related to intentional injuries to one’s health.
Concept/Discussion Concept/Discussion

INTENTIONAL INJURIES

Intentional injuries are injuries resulting from violence. It can be divided

into two: self-inflicted, when a person harms himself/herself on purpose and
assault, when person/persons harm another on purpose.
Suicide and parasuicide are intentional injuries that are self-inflicted, while
assault has four classifications: (1) those that were committed within the family;
(2) those that were committed by peers; (3) those that were committed by other
groups; and (4) those that were committed by the family, peers or other groups.
Within the family, domestic violence may happen. Domestic violence happens
when one or more members of the family harms or abuses another family member.
Peers in school or in the community may commit bullying, stalking, and extortion.
Other groups may commit gang and youth violence, illegal fraternity-related
violence, kidnapping and abduction, and different acts of terror. Sexual
victimization and other forms of abuse and harassment may be committed by the
family, peers or other people. This includes verbal abuse, incest, molestation or

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rape.

Suicide And Parasuicide

Suicide is the intentional taking of one’s own life. Many of those who attempt
suicide do not receive mental and emotional counselling because their families try
to hide the problem because they are ashamed of it. Because of this, the problem is
not solved and the attempt to commit suicide happens again. Studies also indicate
that other family members are also at risk of committing suicide.
On the other hand, a suicide attempt in which a person does not intend to die is
called parasuicide. It is often a cry for help meaning, the person wants others to
know what s/he is feeling. Despite this, parasuicide should be taken seriously
because it may also lead to death.
How will you recognize a person who has suicidal tendencies? Oftentimes, the
person gives clues through his/her behavior and speech. Some of these clues may
be:
 talking about suicide or death
 writing farewell letters or giving away valuable things to their friends and
siblings
 showing changes in behavior, moods and feelings
A Philippine study conducted for the development of a suicide prevention
strategy showed that commonly used methods by those who decided to end their
lives include hanging, strangulation and suffocation. For those who tried to kill
themselves but ended up with just injuries, the preferred means ranged from self-
poisoning (mainly ingestion of silver cleaner) to exposure to other chemicals and
poisonous substances. Aside from these methods, there were also cases of drug
overdose, using firearms to kill oneself, jumping from heights, and drowning. And
among the youth, self-cutting has been observed in some of those that suffer from
major depression.

Domestic Violence
Domestic violence is an act that includes physical assault (hitting, pushing,
shoving, etc.), sexual abuse (unwanted or forced sexual activity), and verbal abuse.
These are behaviors that are used by one person in a relationship who tries to
control the other. This may occur to partners who may be married or not married. Conceptual Framework for Intentional Injuries
They may be heterosexual or homosexual (i.e. gay or lesbian) couples and may be
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living together, separated or dating.
Who are the possible victims of domestic violence? Anyone can be a victim, or is
at risk of it, especially if his/her partner: Domestic violence includes abuse and
 is very jealous and/or spies on him/her will not let him/her break off the actions such as:
relationship o name-calling or putdowns
 hurts him/her in any way, is violent, or brags about hurting other people
o keeping a partner from contacting
 puts him/her down or makes him/her feel bad
 forces him/her to have sex or makes him/her afraid to say no to sex
 abuses drugs or alcohol; pressures him/her to use drugs or alcohol
 has a history of bad relationships and blames it on others
There are some children who experience domestic violence in their homes.
Their parents may think that their children do not know about the violence, but
most of the time, the children are aware of it. They can feel helpless, scared and
upset. Some of them blame themselves as they feel like the violence is their fault.
Nevertheless, children in a violent home experience different problems as they
grow up and these problems do not go away on their own. They can be there even Bullying behaviors involve actions such
as the child gets older. as:

Bullying o Teasing
Bullying is an unwanted, aggressive behavior. The behavior is repeated, or can be o Name-calling
repeated, over time. Both kids who are bullied and who bully others may have o Making inappropriate sexual
serious, lasting problems. comments
In order to be considered bullying, the behavior must be aggressive and include: o Taunting
 An imbalance of power: Kids who bully use their power—such as physical o Threatening to cause harm
strength, access to embarrassing information, or popularity—to control or o Telling other children not to be
harm others.
friends with someone
 Repetition: Bullying behaviors happen more than once or have the
potential to happen more than once. o Spreading rumors about someone
There are different classifications of bullying. These are: o Embarrassing someone in public
o Hitting/kicking/pinching CYBER BULLYING
 Verbal bullying – saying or writing mean and nasty things.
 Social bullying sometimes referred to as relational bullying hurting o Spitting
someone’s reputation or relationships. o Tripping/pushing
 Physical bullying – hurting a person’s body or destroying his/her o Taking or breaking someone’s
possessions. things
 Cyberbullying – verbal and social bullying done through use of technology o Making mean or rude hand gestures
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 and electronic means.

Stalking
Stalking is a pattern of behavior that makes you feel afraid, nervous, Stalking behaviors involve actions such as:
harassed, or in danger. It is when someone repeatedly contacts you, follows you,
o Knowing your schedule
sends you things, and talks to you, even when you don’t want them to. It is very
threatening to the person being stalked, because the behaviors and actions of the o Showing up at places you go to
stalker often invade his/her privacy.
You can be stalked by someone you know casually, a stranger, or a past or current
friend, boyfriend or girlfriend. Getting notes and gifts at your home, in your
locker, or other places might seem sweet and harmless to other people, but if you
don’t want the gifts, phone calls, messages, letters, or e-mails it can be scary and
frustrating.
A person unknowingly being stalked
Extortion
Extortion is the act of using force or threats to force people to hand over their
money or properties, on favors. Extortion can happen outside or near schools
wherein children are victimized to give up their allowances, in exchange for the
promise that they will not be beaten up. The act is different from robbery. In
robbery, there is a very real and very immediate violence. In extortion, a person School extortions
may only suffer from the fear of harm if he/she gives in to the demand/s of the one
who extorts.

Gang And Youth Violence

A gang is defined as a relatively tough, mostly street-based group of young
people who regard themselves and may be seen by others as a group that engages
in a range of criminal activity and violence. Oftentimes, they are in conflict with
other similar gangs.
Young people join gangs and groups for lots of reasons. One of these is their need
to belong, be included or be part of a group they can identify themselves with.
This is oftentimes true for those who do not feel a sense of belonging or care at
home. Another reason is their desire for adventure, as they believe that joining
gangs will give them the excitement and thrill of their lives. Lastly, they feel
protected and looked out for if they are members of a gang.
Gang members are responsible for a majority of serious crimes, like extortion,
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theft and robbery. They are also likely to be involved in selling drugs and are more A typical gang portrayal
likely to bring weapons to school for fear of attack from rival gangs.

Illegal Fraternity-Related Violence

A fraternity is a group of people with similar backgrounds, occupations,
interests, or tastes. In campuses and universities, fraternities are represented Greek Republic Act No. 8049,
letters. The youth may think of several benefits in joining a fraternity. They may known as the Anti-
see it as again in power and protection, as fraternities have a reputation for being a Hazing Law – an act
powerful group.
However, it is not easy to join fraternities. To maintain their exclusiveness,
fraternity members would require an applicant to undergo a series of initiation
rites to become part of the “brotherhood”. One of these is hazing, or activities that
involve harassment, abuse, or humiliation. Hazing can be very dangerous to
applicants, as they will be subjected to physical and psychological suffering like
being beaten with wooden paddles and may cause them a lot of injuries. Some
even die in the process, which is why hazing and other forms of initiation rites in
fraternities, sororities and organizations are now being regulated under the Physical Hazing
Republic Act 8049, known as the Anti-Hazing Law.

Kidnapping And Abduction

Kidnapping is taking away or forcefully moving a person against his/her will
and holding him/her in unjust captivity. The act is usually done for a motive like
getting a monetary reward/ransom or getting some sort of benefit from the person
or their family. The kidnapper is usually a family acquaintance who knows about
the family’s wealth and influence, or a stranger who targeted the victim based on
their outward appearance of wealth or information given to the kidnapper from
someone who knows the victim intimately, such as a household employee or
someone else who suspects that the victim has a lot of cash.
On the other hand, abduction is the use of deceit or force in order to take a
person or a child away from their home or relatives. In abduction, the victim
usually knows or has some sort of relation with the abductor. Most of the time, the
abductor is not holding the victim for profit or any monetary gain. Abduction
usually happens to children with separated parents, wherein the child will be
tricked by one parent to come with him/her and take the child away from the other Girl being kidnapped
parent who has sole custody of the child. This is usually because of an emotional

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 disorder created when the abductor feels that the child’s welfare and best interests
are at risk or that the child will be gone completely from his/her life. Sometimes,
abductions occur out of revenge. People take hostages during periods of anger and
deep loss, like abducting the child of an ex-lover for revenge or to blackmail the
ex-lover to think again resuming their relationship.

Acts Of Terror
Acts of terror, or terrorism, is the use of violence for political goals and
putting the public or a great number of people in fear. The purpose of these
terrorist groups is to produce terror in their victims through the use of violence,
fear and pressure. Terrorists commit acts of violence that draw the attention of the
local masses, the government, and the world to their cause. They plan their attack
to get the greatest publicity, choosing targets that symbolize what they oppose.
The effectiveness of the terrorist act lies not in the act itself, but in the public’s or
government’s reaction to the act.

Reference: Achieve Creative Experiences and Skills in MAPEH 9

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