BIM Modeling

BIM Modeling
Handbook for Cost

Estimating
BIM Modeling Handbook for Cost Estimating (V1.0)
BIM Modeling Handbook

for Cost Estimating (V1.0)
Author(s):
Justin Bong Chunn Tat (BIM-Cost Engineer)
Li Yong Qiang (BIM Product Manager)
Glodon Company Limited 广联达科技股份有限公司
Copyright @ 2020 by GLODON, All Rights Reserved 2|P a g e

Contents
1 Foreword ............................................................................................................................................ 4
2 Acknowledgment ............................................................................................................................... 5
3 Disclaimer........................................................................................................................................... 6
4 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 7
5 General ............................................................................................................................................... 8
6 BIM Model Design Perspective ......................................................................................................... 9
6.1 Level of Definition (LOD) ........................................................................................................... 10
6.2 Common Data Environment (CDE) ............................................................................................ 12
6.3 The Responsibility of the BIM Model Designers/Modellers...................................................... 13
7 Estimating and Costing Perspective ................................................................................................ 14
7.1 The Responsibility of the Quantity Surveyor ............................................................................. 16
7.2 What is BIM Cost Model ............................................................................................................ 17
7.3 Modeling Principle for Costing .................................................................................................. 21
8 BIM Cost Model Perspective ........................................................................................................... 23
8.1 Preparation works before implementation............................................................................... 24
8.2 Defining the Non-Geometrical Aspects of Elements ................................................................. 25
8.3 Defining the Geometrical Aspects of Elements ......................................................................... 34
9 Usage Scenario of the 5D BIM ......................................................................................................... 46
9.1 BIM Cost application scenarios ................................................................................................. 46
9.2 BIM Cost application suggestions.............................................................................................. 50
9.3 The development of 5D BIM ..................................................................................................... 51

1 Foreword
Digital technologies are changing the way we work, play and live our life. The construction industry has
also been evolving towards the era of digitalization, as Building Information Modeling (BIM) unwraps
another realm of processes and techniques, reshaping and enhancing the current workflow and
professions involved in the life cycle of construction projects.
BIM have been introduced to enhance efficiency and aims to increase productivity throughout the
project life cycle and value chain of the construction industry. However, currently market faces a great
hurdle as the learning curve is high and information is not communicated and collaborated among the
stakeholders, resulting in the inability to realize the true capability of BIM.
The BIM Modeling Handbook for Cost Estimating (hereinafter referred to as "Cost modeling
Handbook") offers to the industry the recommended approach in BIM modeling to cater to the
requirements for the Quantity Surveyors for cost estimating for projects with a BIM Execution Plan
(BEP). It can be read with existing BIM Practices of various regions and is addressed to building
developers, owners, managers, architects, engineers of various discipline, construction contractors
and fabricators, students of architecture, civil engineering and the built environment. It reviews the
Building Information Modeling (BIM) model and explored the modeling techniques.

2 Acknowledgment
Our gratitude goes to our client and partners, who have contributed to the success of this document:
Singapore Region
Surbana Jurong Pte Ltd (SJ)
Obayashi Singapore Pte Ltd (OSPL)
Vigcon Construction
Malaysia Region
IJM
Econcos
Samsung C&T
Indonesia Region
PP Property
PP Construction
Adhi Karya
Special thanks to:

Zhang Ji (Jack) – Glodon IPD Managing Director
Huang Dong Mei (May) – Glodon IPD Product Director
Zhang Hong Min (Claire) – Glodon TAS Product Manager
And fellow colleagues and friends who have contributed to the success of this document.

3 Disclaimer
This Cost modeling Handbook is independent of any Software Development Company, Vendor or
Distributor, and is not authorized by, endorsed by, sponsored by, affiliated with, or otherwise approved
by any bodies.
Autodesk, the Autodesk logo and Revit are registered trademarks or trademarks of Autodesk, Inc.,
and/or its subsidiaries and/or affiliates in the USA and/or other countries.
Published by GLODON Software Co.

E-13, 10 Xibeiwang East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
www.glodon.com
No responsibility for loss or damage caused to any person acting or refraining from action as a result
of the material included in this publication can be accepted by the authors or GLODON Software Co.
Produced by the Products Department, International Business Unit, of Glodon Software Co.
@Glodon Software Co. April 2020. Copyright in all or part of this publication rests with Glodon Software
Co. No part of this work may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means including graphic,
electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or web distribution, without the
written permission of Glodon Software Co. or in line with the rules of existing license.

4 Introduction
The Cost modeling Handbook is a reference document that provides a set of guidelines and principles
for BIM Modeling to enable 5D cost estimating in the QS practices. This guide will also act as an
awareness and recommendation to the BIM modelers so that they can understand the requirements
required by the QS in the 5D BIM requirements, in order to provide the relevant information for their
purposes.
Basically, the model development should consider these recommendations at the beginning of
modeling or when the initial stage of establishing the BEP, and not in the midst of modeling, where
this will result in time and cost wastage. The client should take the lead and specify the 5D costing
requirements in the BIM implementation plan.
The principals outlined in this guide is in accordance to the construction standard method of
measurement and relevant local measurement rules and calculations, construction elements which
constitutes in a BIM model is required to be regulated and defined for better & efficient usage
downstream, along all BIM processes so that each stakeholder working with the model in the BIM
environment can achieve their objective efficiently.
Hence, it is important that the BIM models are modelled in accordance to those requirements, so that
BIM data can be fully utilized downstream and information can flow along the life cycle of the
construction project. If the BIM model quality is controlled and maintained, the model can be utilized
by the QS more efficiently to derive the necessary cost deliverables and analysis.
This value will generally benefit all parties, from the owner to designers, consultants, contractors,
facility managers, where all parties can enquire information from a single source on a common
platform. This will result in better decision making, effective deliveries and less dispute.

5 General
This guide is divided into four (4) main parts which will look at the modeling recommendations from
three (3) different perspective and the usage scenario involved. They are divided into:
(A) BIM model design perspective
(B) Estimating and costing perspective
(C) BIM cost model perspective
(D) Usage scenario of the 5D BIM
BIM model design perspective will describe how a model should be modelled in accordance to the
standards with preset templates outlined by various authorities in each region. And this forms the
fundamental of model design and development.
The estimating and costing perspective will elaborate on the requirements by the Quantity Survey (QS)
or estimator to generate or advise on cost related reports. And how these requirements affect the BIM
data required to be input by the modelers during modeling
Once the BIM model is modelled and in compliance to the modeling standards and the QS
requirements, it is required to be easily understood as enquire any data within the BIM by the QS. This
guide will further explain how the BIM data is usable in the context of the QS to produce the accurate
information related to cost.
By then, it will be clear for the QS and modeler the idea how BIM is to be utilized downstream for
which purposes. In order to provide for smooth sailing, this guide will also share a few proven cases of
the usage scenario by various stakeholders in the industry, on how and when to fully utilized the BIM
model for quantification and cost estimation.

6 BIM Model Design Perspective

Before the initiation of a BIM project, the client is responsible to specify what is his requirements to
implement the project via BIM. So, the client may need to consider the processes involve in BIM.
Creating a 3D model for the project does not guarantees the fact that it’s a BIM project. A BIM project
has many processes and principals involved which is a requirement if the BIM is required to be shared
and its data allow to flow downstream. These specification and processes have been outlined in detail
through various guides according to different regions.
These guides explain comprehensively on the ‘how’, ‘who’, ‘where’, ‘when’, ‘what’ and ‘why’ to do in
a BIM project and related processes involved and should be read before reading this guide.
Some of these references can be made to the following BIM guides published:
(a) BIM Standards BS EN ISO 19650
(b) NATSPEC National BIM Guides
(c) Singapore BIM Guide Version 1.0 & 2.0
(d) Singapore VDC Guide Version 1.0
(e) Singapore HDB BIM Guide 2.0
These BIM guides are very important and may influence the result for cost estimation, which shall be
discusses in the next few chapters. However particular attention should be made on a few aspects,
particularly the Level of Model Definition, BIM Information and Modeling Principles, which will be
discussed in the next few sections.
Fig: References of BIM Guidebooks

6.1 Level of Definition (LOD)

According to BS EN ISO 19650 document, the Level of Model Definition (LOD) specification is a
reference that defines and illustrates characteristics of model elements of different building systems
at different Levels of model definition, and what the models are reliable on at each stage.
LOD = LOd (Level of Graphical Detail) + LOI (Level of Information)
It is advisable to specify Element LODs and not Model LODs, and the definition should be dependent
or considered on the following:
(a) The minimum level of detail needed by the team or the employer for each model’s purpose
shall be defined.
(b) It is wasteful for the supply chain to deliver a greater level of detail than is needed which may
also overload the IT systems and networks available. Again, this is warning against over-
modeling.
(c) The level of model definition required in a model at an information exchange shall be defined
in the Employer Information Requirements, directly connected with the intended uses of the
model.
(d) The levels of model definition shall be articulated in the BEP and understood by all the
stakeholders involved.
(e) There should exist a Model Production and Delivery Table that includes the LOD that models
need to meet at the project stages or data drops. It is recommended that the table includes
not models but ELEMENTS.
LOD Level of Model Definition (BS EN ISO 19560)

LOI: Model information communicating the brief, performance
requirements, performance benchmarks and site constraints.
LOD 100 Brief
LOd: Graphical model will either not exist or will inherit information from
the existing AIM (Asset Information Model).
LOI: Models which communicate the initial response to the brief, aesthetic
intent and outline performance requirements. The model can be used for
early design development, analysis and coordination. Model content is not
LOD 200 Concept
fixed and may be subject to further design development.
LOd: Graphical design may only show a massing diagram or specify a symbol
in 2D to represent a generic element.
LOI: A dimensionally correct and co-ordinated model which communicates
the response to the brief, aesthetic intent and some performance
information that can be used for analysis, design development and early
contractor engagement. The model can be used for coordination,
sequencing and estimating purposes including the agreement of a first
LOD 300 Developed stage target price.
Design
LOd: Objects shall be represented in 3D with the specification attached. The
level of detail should as a minimum represent the space allocation for the
product’s access space for maintenance, installation and replacement space
in addition to its operational space. Generalized systems with approximate
quantities, size, shape, location and orientation.
LOI: A dimensionally correct and coordinated model that can be used to
verify compliance with regulatory requirements. The model can be used as
the start point for the incorporation of specialist contractor design models
LOD 350 Production
and can include information that can be used for fabrication, co-ordination,
sequencing and estimating purposes.
LOd: Object shall be based on a generic representation of the element.
Copyright @ 2020 by GLODON, All Rights Reserved 10 | P a g e

The specification properties and attributes from design allow selection of a

manufacturer’s product, unless the product is nominated, free issue or
already selected. It is a “design intent model representing the end of the
design stages.
LOI: An accurate model of the asset before and during construction
incorporating co-ordinated specialist subcontract design models and
associated model attributes. The model can be used for sequencing of
LOD 400 Installation installation and capture of as installed information.
LOd: Object shall be replaced with the object procured from the
manufacturer. Any essential information to be retained shall be reattached
or relinked to the replacement object.
LOI: An accurate record of the asset as a constructed at handover, including
all information required for operation and maintenance.
LOd: All necessary information about the product shall be included in the
LOD 500 As Constructed
handover document and attached to the commissioning and handover
documentation. The as-constructed model shall represent the as-
constructed project in content and dimensional accuracy.
LOI: An updated record of the asset at a fixed point in time incorporating
LOD 500 In Use any major changes made since handover, including performance and
condition data and all information required for operation and maintenance.
Fig: Definition of LOD according to excerpt from BS EN ISO 19650

6.2 Common Data Environment (CDE)

A Common Data Environment (CDE) is defined under the BS EN ISO 19650 and is the gold standard for
managing project information when multiple parties are involved. It is built on the principle of the
controlled sharing of data once certain checks have been made. The advantages of implementing a
CDE is as follows:
(a) Ownership of information remains with the originator, although it is shared and reused, only
the originator can change it.
(b) Shared information reduces the time and cost in producing coordinated information.
(c) Any number of documents can be generated from different combinations of model files.
Fig: Excerpt from BS EN ISO 19650
This CDE is important for information sharing among the project team. Everyone especially the QS is
required to access the files in the CDE to review the BIM Model for costing and estimating purposes.

6.3 The Responsibility of the BIM Model Designers/Modellers

The roles and responsibilities of all the stakeholders of the BIM project is very important and should
be understood by all parties. Eventually, this will also form part of the BEP document. The roles and
responsibilities of the BIM Model Designers/Modellers is divided into 2 parts, BIM Author and BIM
User/Reviewer. Hence, there are some restriction for model information. If the model is not modelled
according to the requirements of the model users, they will be unable to extract the accurate
information. Besides model users are not authorize to change the information to their required output.
Hence it is vital that the data input needed should be done by the model authors in the initial stage.
Fig: Roles and Responsibility Matrix – Excerpt from a sample BEP

7 Estimating and Costing Perspective

According to the Wikipedia, the quantity Surveyors is a construction professional with expert
knowledge on construction cost and contracts. Qualified professional quantity surveyors are also
certified as Chartered Surveyors by the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors (RICS). RICS is a
professional body promoting and enforcing the highest international standards in the valuation,
management and development of land, real estate, construction and infrastructure, for the benefit of
all.
According to RICS, the QS is responsible for managing all aspects of the contractual and financial side
of construction projects and ensure that the construction project is completed within is projected
budget. Subsequently, they will need to prepare tender document in the tendering stage and Bill of
Quantities is a part of tender document. Measurement and quantification are required to provide a
complete Bill of Quantities (BQ) according to national measurement standards or element/trade
specification categorization, such as:
(a) Standard Method of Measurement (SMM)
(b) New Rules of Measurement (NRM)
(c) International Construction Measurement Standards (ICMS)
(d) Code of Practice for Electronic Measurement Standard (CEMS)
(e) Specification from Construction Specification Institute (CSI)
(f) Intelligent National Productivity and Quality Specification (iNPQS)
Fig: Sample of an excerpt from Singapore CEMS CP 97: Part 1: 2002

The primary purposes of the BQ, which becomes a contract document, are to provide a co-ordinated
list of items, together with their identifying descriptions and quantities, that comprise the works to
enable contractors to prepare tenders efficiently and accurately; and when a contract has been
entered into, to: provide a basis for the valuation of work executed for the purpose of making interim
payments to the contractor; and provide a basis for the valuation of varied work.
Essentially, the BQ consist of a list of the items with detailed identifying descriptions and quantities,
which make up the component parts of a building. Irrespective of what contract strategy is used, at
some stage in the procurement process one party will need to quantify the extent of works to be
executed; whether it be the employer’s quantity surveyor, the main contractor or the subcontractors
for the purpose of obtaining a price for completing the works involved, valuing the extent of work
complete for purposes of payment, valuing variations in the content or extent of building works, or to
support applications for tax or other financial incentives. Consequently, detailed measurement for the
purpose of bill of quantities (BOQ) production is crucial for the following reasons:
(a) It provides a consistent basis for obtaining competitive bids;
(b) it provides an extensive and clear statement of the work to be executed;
(c) it provides a very strong basis for budgetary control and accurate cost reporting of the contract
(i.e. post contract cost control), including:
(i) the preparation of cash flow forecasts,
(ii) a basis for valuing variations,
(iii) a basis for the preparation of progress payments (i.e. interim payments),
(iv) it allows, when the BQ items are codified, reconciliation and any necessary transfers
and adjustments to be made to the cost plan
`
Fig: Excerpt from a sample BQ, showing the categorization of element under separate Bills, thus requiring
element to be separate by different floor instead of 1 full floor

7.1 The Responsibility of the Quantity Surveyor

Generally, Quantity Surveyor is a profession in the industry who is responsible for all cost related
aspects of a project. It is a requirement for them to produce a cost schedules or estimation reports
according to the specific QS code of practice. The QS is involved in the project from the inception to
feasibility to tendering of the project, through construction up to the handing over and successful
operation of the project. Thus, it is vital that all information related to cost is required to be
communicated to the QS, which currently, the information is unconnected and difficult to retrieve.
Fig: Duties of QS in Collaboration Map – Excerpt from Singapore BIM Guide Version 2.0
Traditional QS usually utilize traditional tools and traditional way for Quantities Take off. Generally
they use some 2D measurement tools to get some basic dimensions on the 2D design drawings that
from the upstream. Then input the basic dimensions into the excel template, and get the final
Quantities according to the calculation formula.
The emerging BIM QS working methods have changed dramatically. Usually they get the 3D model
from the upstream, and then import it into professional BIM Quantity takeoff software to generate
BIM cost Model and directly generate the Quantities they want via one step. In terms of work efficiency,
it is usually an exponential increase, and it frees traditional QS from simple, repetitive and tedious
calculations, reshapes the value of QS, and truly experiences the power of BIM.

7.2 What is BIM Cost Model

Before determining the modeling standard of the upstream BIM software, it is necessary to understand
what a BIM cost model is. BIM Cost Model is a 3D model with quantitative information. Quantitative
information usually refers to all the information of Costing, such as material information, concrete
grade, BQ and other information. This information supports the calculation of quantities and the
extraction of quantities. In terms of information, this is also the main difference from the BIM Design
Model, and why the BIM Design Model needs to be converted to a BIM Cost Model. In addition, the
BIM Cost Model should also be a three-dimensional, editable model. Three-dimensional model,
carrying more meaning. First, if it is not three-dimensional, it cannot be called a Model, and it cannot
cooperate with the upstream BIM Design Model; second, if it is not three-dimensional, it cannot be
automatically calculated according to the built-in calculation rules.
At present, there are many types of Quantity take off software on the market. However, they cannot
be called BIM Cost Model, which does not conform to the concept of BIM, nor does it conform to the
concept of BIM Cost Model. The data compatibility with the upstream BIM software and the work
mode are also very different. So before determining the modeling standard of the upstream BIM
software, It is recommended to first understand the working principle of the Cost software. It can be
considered from the following aspects:
Fig: Sample Cost Model for a Food Centre in Singapore
(1) Understanding the Background and Logic of Application Tools for BIM Cost Model
In general, if the overall logic of the BIM Cost software is similar to the upstream BIM design software,
then the transfer of model data will be smooth, and the simpler the modeling standards between them,
the more conducive to implementation.
Take a Cubicost serious software example, it’s a BIM Cost Software. It is used to explain the calculation
logic: 3D model, Quantity takeoff is performed by built-in local calculation rules. The modeling method
is also classified and modeled in the form of sub-components. This is very similar to the running logic
of BIM design software on the market, both run their business logic on the basis of 3D models. So
model data transfer between upstream and downstream becomes easy.
Other calculation software also supports the import of upstream BIM models. However, since it is not
a 3D model software internally. Therefore, this type of calculation model essentially does not have
upstream and downstream data transmission. Only processed on the 3D models display.

Quantity Takeoff software is very professional field. There is software that calculates the
reinforcement, such as the Cubicost series of TRB (Take off for rebar) software, which is the software
that specifically calculates the weight of the reinforcement; there is software that specifically
calculates the concrete volume and formwork, such as the Cubicost series of TAS (Takeoff for
Architecture and Structure) Software which is the software that specifically calculates concrete volume
and concrete.
Therefore, before determining the upstream BIM design model modeling standards, find out what the
downstream Quantity takeoff software business scope is and what data can be processed. Under this
premise, continue to consider the BIM design model modeling standards.
Fig: CUBICOST TAS – Built-in local Measurement rules

Cubicost series software is a Quantity Takeoff software that can work well with upstream design
software. Different from other Quantity takeoff software, it is not just to browse and view the BIM
model from the upstream; more importantly, you can check, modify and edit the model of the
upstream design software according to the downstream Quantity takeoff requirements.
And it can also return the BIM COST Model to the design model, which helps the model information
to flow smoothly between upstream and downstream. Other Quantity takeoff software is also
excellent at browsing upstream BIM models. The disadvantage is that you can only browse the model
and extract model information. Unable to do model editing and one-step Quantity takeoff, so there
are great shortcomings in terms of intelligence and efficiency.
As mentioned earlier, upstream and downstream models need to adopt a common language, that is,
standards, to ensure smooth communication of model information. Therefore, whether it is Cubicost
series software or others, the upstream BIM model file and the downstream BIM Cost Model file
information exchange process need to integrate the calculation business itself and refer to the
following standards to help the information Interoperability.

(2) BIM Cost Model Interoperability between Downstream and Upstream
Whether it is design software or cost software, different software has its own format. Such as BIM
design software Revit, the generated file format is "* .rvt"; such as BIM Cost software Cubicost TAS,
the generated file format is "* .TAS". How to import "* .rvt" in Cubicost TAS software Format data, this
requires "* .rvt" data parsing in Cubicost TAS. The degree of data transfer has a lot to do with how to
draw in Revit. Therefore, modeling standards must consider the format of data interaction between
upstream and downstream models.
The more common formats are "* .ifc", "* .dwf" and other intermediate formats. Different formats
have different requirements for upstream software modeling. It is worth mentioning that Cubicost TAS
software can directly parse the "* .rvt" format without passing through the intermediate format. The
biggest advantage of this parsing method is good compatibility, and the upstream modeling standards
will not be particularly strict. Both the designer and QS can achieve a win-win situation.
Take an ifc & rvt as an example，the difference between IFC and RVT，
(a) At the code level, the principle of model analysis is different;
(b) Element Type Classification is different;
(c) The principle of reading Level is different;
(d) The coordinate direction of the model reading is different;
(e) The principle of reading the Finishing Element is different.
Fig: BIM Interoperability between Design Model and Cost Model

Data compatibility here refers to whether a set of positioning standards can be used together between
the BIM cost model and the BIM design model, whether a set of elements standards can be used
together, and whether the data between the upstream and downstream models can be accepted.
The positioning standard contains three aspects, model orientation, elevation and plan positioning.
From a design perspective, each building has its own orientation, which can be achieved through
certain functions in BIM design software. From the Quantity takeoff point of view, the upstream BIM
design model should also be accurately inherited. Although the location of a single building has no
effect on the Quantity takeoff business itself, the model of multiple buildings as a whole has an impact
on the Quantity takeoff business and the check between models;
Elevation means that each floor should have building elements belonging to each floor, and building
elements should be assigned to each floor. This is concept in the design perspective, and so does the

Quantity takeoff business. However, there are some Quantity takeoff software, because they are 2D
software logically, but can display a 3D models, so there is no concept of elevation. Whether to belong
to which floor is entirely determined by QS manually. So the data compatibility of this kind of Quantity
takeoff software is not good. Some Quantity takeoff software, such as Cubicost series software,
because its belong to BIM Cost model software and it’s a 3D model data logically, so when collaborate
with the upstream BIM design model, the building elements can be automatically assigned to the
corresponding floor according to the corresponding standards, which is more intelligent and accurate.
The same is true for plan positioning. Although the absence of the grid does not affect the Quantity
takeoff, its inspection and viewing of the model and the convenience of communication between
upstream and downstream personnel play an important role.
Elements standards refer to whether the classification of building component elements is consistent
between upstream and downstream software. For example, the upstream BIM design software
includes building elements such as walls, beams, slabs, and columns. Whether the downstream
calculation model can accept these elements. If the downstream Quantity takeoff model has these
elements, it means that the data between upstream and downstream can be better connected, and
only the corresponding standard components need to be agreed to perfectly correspond. Otherwise,
one-to-one correspondence by QS manual method is required.
To undertake upstream and downstream model data means that model information (geometric and
non-geometric attributes) can be transferred between upstream and downstream. For example, the
material information, concrete grade information, and geometric information contained in the
upstream BIM design model can all be transferred to the downstream software. On the contrary, the
downstream quantity takeoff model can make full use of this information to perform calculation
processing, and can continue to transmit data to upstream and downstream software.

7.3 Modeling Principle for Costing

Modeling approach and requirements especially the core information of each element is specified
under the VDC Guide by BCA. This modeling guide and parameters is important for a QS to extract the
required information for Quantity take-off and costing purposes.
Fig: Modeling Requirement and Core Information – Excerpt from HDB BIM Guide Version 2.0

Fig: Modeling Requirement and Core Information – Excerpt from Singapore VDC BIM Guide.
From the above requirements on modeling objects at different stages, a model fit for quantity take-
off and cost estimation is required to be described and specified. SISV have created a standard for the
requirements on the BIM model.
Fig: Screenshot from the QSBAR which shows requirements of Element description (LOI), unit of measure
(UoM) and minimum BIM requirements in accordance to each LOD stages

8 BIM Cost Model Perspective

BIM Modeling & Development is currently under rapid stage of research, testing & development. If the
upstream BIM Models are not well defined, it will result in inefficient application along the downstream,
causing issues in the BIM Sustainable development. To effectively implement BIM Model Design in the
quantity and cost management, users of the BIM models in this stage are to undertake the amount of,
and may continue to apply for construction and operation and maintenance phase.
According to the Cost Model and construction standard method of measurement, construction
elements which constitutes in a BIM model is required to be regulated and defined for better &
efficient usage downstream, along all BIM processes so that each stakeholder working with the model
in the BIM environment can achieve their objective with a win-win productivity.
Due to the characteristics of the construction industry, the business is complex, and the number of
participants is different, the model standards required at each stage are different. So far, no BIM
software can be independently applied from the design stage to the operation stage. The successful
application of BIM in the project must consider the collaboration between upstream and downstream
software. Whether the model information can be as seamless as possible and transmitted between
upstream and downstream without damage is one of the key factors of the coordination problem. One
of the key methods to solve this problem is to establish a unified modeling standard. This "standard"
is like a language, and it can be recognized by upstream and downstream software, and dialogue and
communication can be conducted through this language. The downstream software can receive the
information of the upstream software through this language, and match and process the information
on the platform of the downstream software; meanwhile, the upstream software can also receive the
feedback of the downstream software through this language, Software model information is
supplemented and improved.

8.1 Preparation works before implementation

At the implementation of a BIM project, a BIM Modeling template and workflow must be established
first. Modeling template include model entity data. And particular attention should be given to
modeling for QS quantification purposes. Examples of this include:
(a) Separate of structural concrete elements between in-situ and precast;
(b) Unique entities must be shown with proper markings separately and clearly.
(c) Entities with properties which will result in certain cost must be indicated separately and
clearly.
(d) Entities must be separately modelled by floor to floor by finished floor level.
(e) Each untypical floor must be separately view and save in separate 3D View.
(f) Dimension of entities must be given clearly in properties.
(g) Same Project Base Point.
Origin should be set in a common point to allow models to merge in the correct position for better
result in collision detection, model checks or model transfer.

8.2 Defining the Non-Geometrical Aspects of Elements

(1) Floor Definition
Floor levels are recommended to follow Finish Floor Levels (F.F.L) or Structural Floor Levels (S.F.L) but
not both in the same model, but either 1 should be set as main floors. Avoid having unnecessary floors
which is not main floors but set as main floors. In any case, they levels must be stated with the
respective references, so that the elevation and height of the project floor storeys can be identified
clearly by the model users.
Fig: Floor Definition
(2) Defining using Corresponding Element
It is recommended to use the correct elements for model building. If the actual business is a column,
the column should be selected for building in the BIM design software; if the actual business is a beam,
it should be used for the beam building in the BIM design software. It is not recommended if the actual
business is a beam element, BIM Modeler uses wall element instead. From the actual BIM design
model, this situation is very common. Using the correct element to express design intent is essential
principle for upstream and downstream data transmission.
Fig: Parapet wall but use slab opening

(3) Element Reference Floor
All vertical elements i.e. Column, Wall, Door, Window and Staircase and Vertical elements i.e. Beam,
Slab and Railing are required to be modelled separately according to floors. They must NOT be
duplicated from the same reference floor, which means each of their reference floor should reference
to the individual floor levels which they are located in.

Fig: Element Reference Floor
Fig: Same level element on view, but floor parameter set at different levels, resulted in inconsistency when QS
view and categorize element quantities by floor
(4) Element Naming Convention
Naming of elements follows the respective standard of practices, but should be conclusive and not
limited to the information / specifications (key words) which should be included as follows:
(a) Discipline – Structural, Architecture, etc.
E.g.: StructuralPCWall01, MDFWallPanel1, etc.
(b) Concrete Grade / Masonry Strength– according to national Standards
E.g.: 1C1_C20, 1ST1-C32/40, etc.
(c) Shape – Rectangular, Curve, Round, etc.
(d) Dimension – Thickness, Length x Width, Diameter, etc.
E.g.: In-situ Slab: 300mm, 300x400mm Timber Door, 300mm diameter round SS handrail,
etc.
(e) Material – In-situ concrete, Precast-Concrete, Timber, Aluminium, Fire-rating, Stainless steel,
Steel Hollow Section, Low-E Curtain Glass Panel, etc.
(f) Description: Other information / specification not describe in any of the above but might be

considered important to be communicated.

E.g.: Timber trellis at roof laid to fall at 4° at linkway, 300mm floor slab at carpark finish with
30mm thick floor harder, 300mm PC wall with ceramic tile, etc.
Fig: Element Type Naming

Required BIM Properties BIM Element

No. Bills Element Type BIM Element Type (refer to footnote) Name / Mark
RaftFoudantion-++
*Thickness FoundationSlab-++
1 Raft Foundation Structural Foundations / Floors Concrete Grade Raft-++
Rebar Content (optional) RF-++
FS-++
*Length, Width, Thickness StripFoundation-++
2 Strip Foundation Structural Foundations Concrete Grade Strip-++
Rebar Content (optional) SF-++
IndependantFoundation-++
IndependentFooting-++
*Length, Width, Depth IF-++
3 Pad Footing Structural Foundations Concrete Grade PadFooting-++
Rebar Content (optional) Pad-++
Footing-++
PF-++
FoundationBeam-++
*Width, Depth
Structural Framing / Structural FB-++
4 Ground Beam Concrete Grade
Foundations GroundBeam-++
Rebar Content (optional)
GB-++
SandBlinding-++
SB-++
*Thickness LeanConcrete-++
Blinding
5 Structural Foundations / Floors Concrete Grade Leanconc-++
(Lean Concrete / Hardcore)
Rebar Content (optional) LC-++
Hardcore-++
HC-++
*Overall Size
Sump Pit SumpPit-++
Structural Foundations / Walls / *Length, Width, Thickness
6 (Manhole) Sump-++
Floors Concrete Grade
SP-++
*Length, Width, Thickness
PileCap-++
7 Pile Cap Structural Foundations Concrete Grade
PC-++
*Diameter, Length, Width
Pile-++
Pile Structural Foundations *Depth
8 P-++


No. Bills Element Type BIM Model Element Type (refer to footnote) Name / Mark
InsituSlab-++
*Thickness IS-++
*Material PrecastSlab-++
9 Slab Floors / Slab Edge
Concrete Grade PCS-++
Rebar Content (optional) Slab-++
S-++
*Thickness
*Material SpiralSlab-++
10 Spiral Slab Floor
*Side Length SS-++
*Thickness Ramp-++
*Material R-++
11 Ramp Ramp RampSlab-++
*Side Length
Rebar Content (optional) RS-++
Column-++
*Length, Width
Col-++
*Material
12 Column Columns / Structural Columns C-++
Concrete Grade
PrecastColumn-++
PCC-++
ColumnCap-++
Column Cap Columns / Structural Columns / *Material
13 DropPanel-++
(Drop Panel) Floors Concrete Grade
DP-++
*Thickness ConcreteWall-++
*Material CW-++
Structural Load Bearing Walls
Concrete Grade PrecastWall-++
Rebar Content (optional) PCW-++
14 Wall BrickWall-++
*Thickness BW-++
Archi Non-Load Bearing Walls *Material PartitionWall-++
(Other Wall Types) Concrete Grade MasonryWall-++
Rebar Content (optional) DryWall-++
GlassWall-++
*Width, Depth FrameBeam-++

*Material ConcreteBeam-++
15 Beam Structural Framing
Concrete Grade PrecastBeam-++
Rebar Content (optional) PCB-++
*Width, Depth
CouplingBeam-++
*Material
16 Coupling Beams Structural Framing CB-++
Concrete Grade
Insitu/precast-++
*Width, Depth
RingBeam-++
*Material
17 Ring Beam Structural Framing RB-++
Concrete Grade
Insitu/precast-++


SteelColumn-++
STC-++
Structural Columns / Curtain Wall *Steel Code CompositeColumn-++
18 Steel Column
Mullion (Vertical) *Width, Depth CC-++
SHS-UC-++
RHS-UC-++
SteelBeam-++
SLB-++
Structural Framing / Curtain Wall *Steel Code CompositeBeam-++
19 Steel Beam
Mullion (Horizontal) *Width, Depth CPB-++
SHS-UB++
RHS-UB++
SteelSlab-++
*Steel Code SLS-++
20 Steel Slab Floors
*Thickness CompositeSlab-++
CPS-++
*Width, Depth
Lintel-++
21 Lintel Structural Framing Concrete Grade
LTL-++
Door-++
*Length, Width DR-++
22 Door Doors *Frame Material FireRateDoor-++
*Fireproofing TimberDoor-++
MetalDoor-++
Windows-++
*Length, Width WD-++
23 Bay Window Windows *Frame Material AluminiumWindow-++
*Fireproofing CasementWindow-++
LovreWindow-++
Stairs-++
*Thread, Riser, Railing
ST-++
24 Staircase Stairs *Nosing
PrecastStair-++
*Dimension
PCST-++
*Length / Area Railing-++

25 Railing Railing
*Material RLG-++
CurtainWall-++
26 Curtain Wall Curtain Panels / Curtain Systems *Type
CW-++
*Length, Width, Thickness Canopy-++

27 Canopy Floors
Material CPY-++


*Length, Width, Thickness ApronSlab-++
28 Apron Floors
Material APS-++
*Length, Width, Thickness RoofEave-++

29 Eave Floor / Slab Edge
Material RE-++
*Length, Width, Thickness Kerb-++

30 Kerb Walls / Structural Framing
Material KB-++
Coping-++
31 Coping Walls / Structural Framing CP-++
Material
Insitu/precast-++
*Thickness WallFinish-++
32 Wall Finish Wall Coverings / Walls
*Material WF-++
Skirting-++
*Thickness SK-++
33 Skirting Wall / Sweeps
*Material TimberSkirting-++
TileSkirting-++
FloorFinish-++
FF-++
*Thickness
34 Floor Finish Floor Coverings / Slab TimberFlooring-++
*Material
Carpet-++
100x50Tiling-++
*Thickness Waterproofing-++
35 Waterproofing Floor Coverings / Slab
*Material WP-++
SkimCoat-++
*Thickness SC-++
36 Ceiling Floor Coverings / Slab
*Material Plastering-++
Painting-++
FalseCeiling-++
Suspended Ceiling *Thickness MetalCeiling-++
37 Floor Coverings / Slab
(False Ceiling/Pelmets) *Material GypsumPlasterboard-++
GP-++
38 Wall Opening Opening / Face *Length, Width Default Name
39 Slab Opening Opening / Shaft *Length, Width Default Name
*Length, Width, Thickness Name…

40 Custom Point Generic Model ++++-++
*Material
Table: Cubicost Element Type with corresponding Revit® Family

Note:
1. * - Critical properties required for costing and estimating.
2. ++ - Recommended naming to distinguish difference between different elements.
3. For all other elements which is not be listed above, they can be translated into Custom Point/Line/Area and can be map to
the relevant elements by the model users, where it seems fit.
4. Recommended properties/attributes can be read together with the schedules provided under the local BIM requirements
standard guidebook or the project BEP.
5. Recommended descriptions and dimension can be read together with the schedules provided by

(5) Defining Element Material and Attributes

Materials of elements are recommended to be define as follows:
(a) Structure – represents the core material of the elements. Materials should be described
according to the specifications. Recommended to add concrete grade for concrete materials.
E.g.: In-situ Concrete C25/30, precast, metal stud, etc.
(b) Finish – represents the boundary around the structure core. Materials should be described
according to the specifications.
E.g.: Paint, Tile, etc.
Fig: Defining Element Material and thickness. Separate finish layer from structure layer
Fig: Avoid using zero thickness layers

Fig: The core function of the wall should be specified as “Structure”

unless the wall element is used to create a finish for the wall
Internal and External attributes of a wall element is recommended to be selected under Functions in
the Wall Type Properties, so that model users can make use of this information for quantity take-off
and costing.
Fig: Defining Internal & External Wall

(6) Model Entity Marking
Model Entity Naming are normally described in the family name and type for example below. They
shall also be described clearly in their Marks in conjunction to the BQ item descriptions.
Fig: Model Entity marking not given or given differently than 2D drawings

8.3 Defining the Geometrical Aspects of Elements

(1) General Modeling Requirement
Below is some general recommended modeling principle. These are as follow:
(a) Avoid overlapping of same type elements
(b) Recommended to full enclose linear elements
(c) Affiliated / attached elements
(d) Sketch editing / edit profile
(e) Snap point modeling
(f) Separately model individual family elements
（a）Avoid Overlapping of Same Type Elements
It is recommended to that all same type elements should, at any case, avoid being modelled as
overlapping, by a part, or fully with one another, as they are required to be cut and terminated at the
side and their same entities.
Fig: Avoid overlapping of same type elements

（b）Recommend to Enclose Linear Elements
It is recommended to model linear elements to fully enclose at each intersection to avoid gaps
between the elements.
Fig: Recommended to enclose elements where possible to avoid unnecessary gaps

（c）Affiliated / Attached Elements
It is recommended that affiliated / attached elements should be modelled to, and in the presence of
their host / parent element entities, or attach with a host using ‘Pick New Host’ tool.

Fig: Door do not create opening in wall, it is not attached to the correct wall
（d）Sketch Editing / Edit Profile
It is not recommended to create a wall using the ‘Edit Profile’ function as this will result in a Read-Only
or External Object Wall which is locked and unable to be modified downstream, which might result in
quantification issues especially the reinforcement bars. This should apply to all elements which require
openings to be made. Setting the opening with a family will enable the Cubicost cost model to capture
the opening as an entity for calculation.
Fig: Wall with opening modelled together with ‘Edit Profile’
Fig: Opening modelled separately from wall using ‘Component’, ‘Void’ & ‘Cut’
Fig: Sample of Opening Family

（e）Snap Point Modeling

When modeling elements, it is recommended to use Snap pointing abilities, to avoid points which may
lead to gap, voids, overlapping or unnecessary modeling issues. This can be done either with:
i. Snap to gridlines; or
ii. Snap to neighboring elements side; or
iii. Snap to intersection between elements
Fig: Avoid unnecessary gaps between slab or floor

Currently, most issues found are related to modeling floor slab element (i.e. floor slab with linear
element and floor slab with area element), wall element (i.e. wall with point element and wall with
linear element, wall with area element), step element, etc.
（f）Separate Individual Elements under Different Family
It is recommended to separate the main elements under respective family, so that model users can
categorize the information according their requirements.
Fig: Recommended to separate elements into respective family
Fig: Recommended to separate elements into respective family. Non-geometric information of nested families
will not be imported but their geometry will be imported as the main family entity. Non-geometric information
will follow the main family entity

Fig: Recommended to separate pile cap and pile element into separate families
(2) Column Modeling Principles

All columns may be defined between the levels where they serve as support for other elements and
top of their supporting elements (like top of the column / wall / beam and foundation below), with
required level offsets.
Fig: Recommended Column Terminating Levels
Fig: Not recommended to cut column, but should be modelled with separate Element Type with different size

Fig: Not Recommended to create different sizes in one (1) element type, but should be modelled separately
according to respective sizes under separate Element Type, so that each different panel can be sorted out.
Fig: Not Recommended to create similar sizes together in 1 single edit section/boundary, but should create one
and copy to other locations.
(3) Wall Modeling Principle

All walls may be defined with Top and Base Constraints between the levels where they serve as support
for other elements and top of their supporting elements. Level offsets can be applied accordingly
where appropriate. The top level of walls should be extended to top of slabs being supported instead
of to the soffits of slab elements only.
Fig: Recommended wall terminating levels

It is also not recommended to use stacked wall family type, as this will result in Read-Only & External
Objects when model issue downstream.
(4) Curtain Wall Modeling Principle
It is recommended to create Curtain Wall under the Revit® family System. The Curtain Panels should
also not be selected as a different type other than the selected Curtain Wall System. However, other
element type can be selected as the curtain panels if necessary. Setting it differently will result in the
particular curtain wall consisting two different family ID on the same location, which will be overlap. It

is recommended to change the main family system is necessary not added in the curtain panels value.
However, it is recommended to model using the default curtain wall family for better consistency.
Fig: Curtain Panels should not have different Curtain Wall family other than the selected family system but can
be selected with another element type.
g: :
Curt Curt
ain ain
Pane Pane
ls ls
shoul Fig: Curtain shoul Fig: Curtain
d not Panels should d not Panels should
have not have have not have
differ different differ different
ent Curtain Wall ent Curtain Wall
g: g:
Curt family other Curt family other
Curt Curt
ain than the ain than the
ain ain
Wall selected Wall selected
Pane Pane
famil family system famil family system
ls ls
y but can be y but can be
shoul Fig: Curtain shoul Fig: Curtain
othe selected with othe selected with
d not Panels should d not Panels should
r another r another
have Fig: Recommended
not have Curtain Wall have
Modeling. not have
than element type. than element type.
differ different differ different
the the
ent Curtain Wall ent Curtain Wall
selec selec
Curt family other Curt family other
ted ted
ain than the ain than the
famil famil
Wall selected Wall selected
y y
famil family system famil family system
syste syste
y but can be y but can be
m m
othe selected with othe selected with
but but
r another r another
can can
than element type. than element type.
be be
the the
selec selec
selec selec
ted ted
ted
Copyright @ 2020 by GLODON, All Rights Reserved ted 39 | P a g e
with with
famil famil
anot anot
y y
her her
It is also recommended to separate the curtain wall mullion to horizontal and vertical type name, so
that the quantities between them can be differentiated and separated, if the curtain wall mullion is
created in this manner.
Fig: Recommended modeling for curtain wall steel mullion
(5) Beam Modeling Principles

All beams should be connected to their supports:
(a) The point of beam should be connected to the reference plane of its supporting beams
(normally the center line).
(b) Beam supported on column should model with its end attached to any one of the reference
planes of the column. Normally, they are along the major and minor axes of the column section.
Secondary beam Reference plane

Column of column
Reference plane
Beam point
of main beam
Main beam
Beam
Beam point
Fig: Recommended terminating point for structural framing
(6) Floor Slab Modeling Principles
All slab elements should be modeled panel by panel, without gaps.
All slab (except flat slab and free edge) boundaries should be defined, either:
(a) along the center lines of supporting walls; or
(b) along the reference planes of supporting beams; or
(c) edge of supporting slab.

Fig: Recommended modeling for slab in an enclosure
It is not recommended to model different parts of the floor slabs using the ‘Edit Profile’ or ‘Edit
Boundary’ tool. Or in other words, multiple floor slab element entities with one (1) ID. This will result
in one (1) single Read-Only or external object in Cubicost TAS. In actual fact, this should be measured
separately with separate ID, because their formwork and reinforcement layout and measurement
might be different.
Fig: Recommended to separate floor slab using Revit® ‘Opening’ tools instead of ‘Edit Boundary’.
Floor slabs connection are recommended to be joined with neighbouring elements by either:
(a) Join across adjoining elements; or
(b) Terminate at the sides of adjoining elements
Cut Geometry (Not Recommended) Recommended Geometry
Cut Geometry (Not Recommended) Recommended Geometry
Fig: Terminating points between floor slab and wall / column

Fig: Not recommended to create floor within a cut opening, instead recommended to use edit boundary for
floor within a floor
Fig: Not recommended to modify the slab using the ‘modify sub elements’ which will result in the ‘warning’
message. Unless otherwise, will be required to readjust the points to prevent the stated warnings.
Fig: Recommended to create slab thickening using ‘sweep’ under floor family instead of slab edge family
Fig: Recommended to model separately the odd shaped floor slabs element with different name stating the
shape to allow QS to categorize them separately

(7) Door, Window & Opening Modeling Principles

Door, windows and opening are categorized as affiliated / attached elements. Hence, it is
recommended for them to be modelled by attaching to their parent entities on a plane / host element
(i.e. wall, floor slab, etc). It is also recommended to follow the reference floor of the parent entities.
Fig: Not Recommended to create opening which does Fig: Recommended for opening to cut through
not cut elements respective elements
(8) Pile Modeling Principles

It is recommended to model pile family separately from pile cap family. However, if needed to be
modelled as a family, it can be modelled as a shared nested family. Check the Shared properties in the
nested family. If done correctly, the model will be automatically categorized correctly in the Cubicost
TAS measurement.
Fig: Check the “Shared properties” of the Family involved

(9) Pile Cap Modeling Principles
It is recommended to model pile cap separately from pile. However, if needed to be modelled as a
family, it can be modelled as a shared nested family. Check the Shared properties in the nested family.
If done correctly, the model will be automatically categorized correctly in the Cubicost TAS
measurement.
Fig: Check the “Shared” properties of the Family involved

(10) Cross Element Interfacing
During design stage modeling, it is recommended to cross (unjoin) elements so that the geometry of
the elements will remain its original shape. This is so that QS can utilized the modeling for Quantity
Take-Off and allow the deductions to be done according to SMM calculation rules. Another reason is

that, during design stage, the drawings are not necessarily and normally not drawn to detail for
coordination or production of construction drawings with details. In fact, this part of the work will be
handled by contractor’s BIM team. And by then more detail information and parameter would have
then be added to the elements which QS can utilized it directly without much input.
Fig: Elements geometry cut to odd shapes which affect quantification by QS
Quantity A Quantity B
Fig: QS measurement/deduction requirement according to SMM calculation rules
Fig: Recommended crossing of elements. QS Software will automatically consider the deductions.

(11) Merge Adjacent /Adjoining Entities as Whole Element

It is recommended that similar type entities adjacent or adjoining with each other should be joined
and merge as a whole element to be counted as one single element.
Fig: Recommended to join/merge entities to form the full entities

(12) Design Options
All design options will be imported into the cost model, although it’s not set as primary design.
However, the design options associated to each element will be specified under the BIM attribute list
in the cost model and can be sorted out after using match attribute. Unless otherwise, the unused
elements under the associated design options can be removed before importing into the costing
software for more concise costing purposes.
Fig: Design Options shown in Revit® will be imported and shown in the Cost Model.

9 Usage Scenario of the 5D BIM

This chapter explains the usage application of the integration scenarios between BIM model and Cost
model with given examples and on-site actual conditions. These scenarios of the usage will be
categorized into 3 main groups which is:
(A) Developer / Owner
(B) Contractor
(C) Consultant
9.1 BIM Cost application scenarios
With the rise of BIM, various type Companies in the industry are actively exploring how to use BIM
technology efficiently and successfully. For example, Developer will let QS try to use BIM technology
from the design stage to the construction stage; Site Contractor will allow BIM Engineer to reuse the
model and do the quantities takeoff of the project when using RVT for construction simulation. At
the same time, a new type of BIM Consultant Company has been derived to help Developers in a
series of BIM practices such as design collision and quantities takeoff. However, in the course of these
BIM practices, we can also see that we are currently actively exploring the most effective
implementation process and the best staffing. At the same time, we have also seen the current
shortcomings of personnel in BIM capabilities. The following table presents the current status of BIM
practices of various type companies.
Type Users Capability Usage Phrase Scenarios

Cubicost：★★★★☆
From Design to
Developer QS RVT：☆☆☆☆☆ Fig 1
Construction
BQ：★★★★☆
QS RVT：☆☆☆☆☆
BQ：★★★★☆ From Design to
HQ Contractor Fig 2&3
Cubicost：★★★☆☆ Construction
BIM
RVT：★★★★☆
Engineer
BQ：☆☆☆☆☆
Cubicost：★★★☆☆
BIM
Site Contractor RVT：★★★☆☆ Construction Fig 4
Engineer
BQ：★☆☆☆☆
BIM BIM From Cost plan
RVT：★★★★☆ Fig 5
Consultant Consultant to Construction
BQ：★★★★☆

RVT model &

2D Drawings
Developer
Cost plan
Cost Plan
RVT model &

2D Drawings
Consultant Contractor
QTY QTY
CHECK CHECK
Tender
Payment
Construction
Fig1: BIM usage process of Developer
2D Drawings
& RVT model
2D Drawings Cubicost
Contractor & RVT model QS
Modeling
QTO
BQ
Fig2: BIM usage process of HQ Contractor

2D
Drawings
Cubicost
Contractor QS
Modeling
QTO
Tender Cubicost
modeling BQ
BIM RVT
team IMPORT
Clash
detection
Progress
Construction
Fig3: BIM usage process of HQ Contractor
2D
Drawings
BIM RVT
Contractor team IMPORT
Clash
detection
RVT model
Progress
Cubicost
QS
Modeling
QTO
QTY
check
Fig4: BIM usage process of Site Contractor

2D Drawings
& RVT model
BIM 2D Drawings BIM

& RVT model
consultant engineer
Clash
detection
QTY report
BQ
Document
Fig5: BIM usage process of BIM Consultant
As can be seen from the above Scenarios, in the current situation, the capabilities of users are uneven,
BIM applications are diverse, and the use processes and concerns of different groups are different. All
are in the process of exploration. The general concerns of each stakeholder are listed below so that
everyone has a broader understanding of BIM applications.
(a) 2D drawing and 3D Model how to synchronize in real time, such as 2D Design Drawing changes, you
need to consider how to update the 3D Design Modeling;
(b) When changing 3D design Model, it is necessary to compare model changes and Quantities changes
and be able to update models in a timely manner;
(c) The convenience of mutual cooperation between BIM Cost model and BIM Design model.

9.2 BIM Cost application suggestions

(a) Establish a usage process suitable for the BIM operation and circulation of the enterprise according
to personnel capabilities;
(b) Establish an organizational guarantee suitable for BIM applications and optimize the calculation
process. For example, if there is a BIM design department in the company, according to the modeling
standards design and import the design model directly into the BIM Cost software to get the basic
quantity. Do not need a large number of primary QS to do simple, highly repeatable basic calculation
services;
(c) Targeted training of personnel. For example, BIM design engineers should be trained to use
standard modeling; for QS, they should be trained to read BIM design models;
(d) The design platform must be selected from the beginning, whether it is a 2D platform or a BIM
platform. It is not recommended to change it at will.
Fig. BIM Cost application suggestions

9.3 The development of 5D BIM

5D BIM is a BIM based process management. The BIM model can integrate key information such as
Schedule, cost, resources, and construction organization to simulate the construction process. Adding
the two dimensions of progress and cost based on 3D models. Helps us re-expand the perspective of
understanding BIM, and will extend BIM to other dimensions throughout the whole building life cycle.
The BIM 5D model contains basic 3D model, in addition to the 4D dimension. The fifth dimension of
BIM is associated with 3D and 4D (schedule), allowing participants to visualize their activities and
related cost. BIM 5D represents the work of cost person. For the same amount of work, their
contributions can also be valued by colleagues and project team members. Due to the BIM 5D process,
cost managers are likely to become more valuable. BIM 5D is also related to the on-site project delivery
stage. Using reliable 4D program data and strong contract amounts, you can track forecasts and actual
costs in the actual process of the project, which is especially useful for monthly cost reporting and
budgeting.
5DBIM integrates quantity, schedule, and cost. It not only can count quantity, but also link 3D models
with various work of construction progress (WBS), dynamically simulate the process of construction
change, and implement schedule control. And cost monitoring in real time.
The application of digital technologies in specific use cases demonstrates the enormous opportunities
along the value chain, from early design stage to the construction stage. By applying the suitable
technologies in the suitable way, companies can not only reduce the asset’s construction time and
whole-life-cycle cost but also enhance the quality of processes and improve safety, working conditions,
and sustainability.
Fig:5D BIM Application Platform

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Handbook for Cost

BIM Modeling Handbook

Glodon Company Limited 广联达科技股份有限公司

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Special thanks to:

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Published by GLODON Software Co.

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6 BIM Model Design Perspective

Fig: References of BIM Guidebooks

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6.1 Level of Definition (LOD)

LOD = LOd (Level of Graphical Detail) + LOI (Level of Information)

LOD Level of Model Definition (BS EN ISO 19560)

Copyright @ 2020 by GLODON, All Rights Reserved 10 | P a g e

The specification properties and attributes from design allow selection of a

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6.2 Common Data Environment (CDE)

Fig: Excerpt from BS EN ISO 19650

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6.3 The Responsibility of the BIM Model Designers/Modellers

Fig: Roles and Responsibility Matrix – Excerpt from a sample BEP

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7 Estimating and Costing Perspective

Fig: Sample of an excerpt from Singapore CEMS CP 97: Part 1: 2002

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7.1 The Responsibility of the Quantity Surveyor

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7.2 What is BIM Cost Model

Fig: Sample Cost Model for a Food Centre in Singapore

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Fig: CUBICOST TAS – Built-in local Measurement rules

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(2) BIM Cost Model Interoperability between Downstream and Upstream

Fig: BIM Interoperability between Design Model and Cost Model

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7.3 Modeling Principle for Costing

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8 BIM Cost Model Perspective

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8.1 Preparation works before implementation

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8.2 Defining the Non-Geometrical Aspects of Elements

Fig: Floor Definition

(2) Defining using Corresponding Element

Fig: Parapet wall but use slab opening

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Fig: Element Reference Floor

(4) Element Naming Convention

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considered important to be communicated.