Chapter 04 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997

CHAPTER 06: LOAD TRANSFER IN STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

6.1 INTRODUCTION

All structures are subjected to loadings from various sources. The main categories of loadings are dead,
imposed load, wind load, etc. There may be other loadings types, which should be considered, such as
settlement, fatigue, temperature effects, dynamic loading, or impact effects. The applications of the load
types mentioned above to structural beams and frames results in axial loads, shear forces, bending
moments and deformations being induced in the roof/floor slabs, beams, columns and other structural
elements which comprise a structure.

6.2 LOAD PATHS

Structural systems transfer gravity loads ffrom the floors and roof to the ground through load paths that
need to be clearly identified in the design process. Identifying the correct path is important for determining
the load carried by each structural elements. The tributary area concept is used to determine the load that
each structural component is subjected to.

Fig 01: Load path

Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 1
 Chapter 04 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997

Fig 02; Load path

6.3 TRIBUTARY AREA AND LOADS ON SUPPORTING BEAMS

Let consider a slab supported by beams and columns, to begin structural analysis for each member, we
need to know the amount of load transferred to this member, the amount of load transferred to any
member can be determined using tributary area(loading) concept. the geometry of a structure will
determine the shape of the tributary area

Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 2
 Chapter 04 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997

a. Tributary area for a one way spanning slab

 Lb/Ls > 2, then the load carried by the longer

beams.

b. Tributary area for a two way square floor spanning slab (approximate method)

 All the edge beams will support the same

triangular load
 The area of the slab portion that is supported
by a particular beam is called the Tributary
area

Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 3
 Chapter 04 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997

c. Tributary area for a two way rectangular floor spanning slab (approximate method)

 Lb/ls <= 2, the longer beams will carry a trapezoidal load distribution and the
shorter beams will carry triangular distribution

d. Loads on supporting beams from two ways spanning slab

The design loads on beams supporting solid slabs spanning in two directions at right angles and
supporting uniformly distributed loads may be assessed from following equation

Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 4
 Chapter 04 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997

𝑉𝑠 = 𝑉𝑠𝑥 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑙 = 𝑙𝑦
𝑉𝑠 = 𝑉𝑠𝑦 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑙 = 𝑙𝑥

Short Span, 𝑉𝑠𝑦 = 𝛽𝑠𝑦 𝑛 𝑙𝑥

Long Span, 𝑉𝑠𝑥 = 𝛽𝑠𝑥 𝑛 𝑙𝑥

Where,
n = design load per unit area
βvx ,βvx are shear force coefficient given in table 3.15 of the code for uniformly distributed load
(Reference : BS 8110-1: 1997)

Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 5
 Chapter 04 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997

𝛽𝑠𝑦 and 𝛽𝑠𝑥 are taken from the below table in (BS Clause 3.5.37, Table 3.15)

Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 6
 Chapter 04 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997

e. Loads on columns

 The tributary area for the column is concentrated (point load).

 Area is determined by ( X x Y)

6.4 POINT LOAD ON BEAMS

Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 7
 Chapter 04 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997

Example 01 : - Load distribution – One way spanning slab

Consider the floor plan shown below. Where two one way spanning slabs are supported on three
beams. AB, CD, EF. Both slabs are assumed to be carrying a uniformly distributed load of 5 kN/m3

1. Calculate uniformly distributed load on each beam

2. Calculate the total load on beams

Example 02: - Load distribution – Two-way spanning slab (Use Approximate method and Code
equation)

Consider the floor plan shown below. Where two one way spanning slabs are supported on three
beams. AB, CD, EF. Both slabs are assumed to be carrying a uniformly distributed load of 5 kN/m3

1. Calculate uniformly distributed load on each beam

2. Calculate the total load on beams

Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 8
 Chapter 04 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997

Example 03: - Load distribution – one-way spanning slab

Example 04: - Calculate shear force coefficient for each panel

Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 9
 Chapter 04 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997

Example 05: - Calculate the Total design load on each supporting beam (Dead and live load
separately)

Characteristic Dead Load gk = 1.5 kN/m2

Characteristic Imposed Load qk = 1.0 kN/m2

Note : Ignore the self of of the slab and beam

Example 06: - Calculate the Total design load on each supporting beam (Dead and live load
separately)

Characteristic Dead Load gk = 0.75 kN/m2

Characteristic Imposed Load qk = 1.5 kN/m2

Slab thickness = 150 mm

Beam – 300 x 450 mm

Concrete density = 24 kN/m3

Example 07: - Calculate the Total design load on each supporting beam (Dead and live load
separately. Values for the loads are given below for each slab panel

Slab thickness = 120 mm

Beam – 225 x 300 mm

Concrete density = 24 kN/m3

Assume 225 mm thk brick walls are provided on each

beam and height is 3 m

Density of brick wall = 5 kN/m2

Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 10
 Chapter 04 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997

Panel A Panel B

Finishes = 1.5 kN/m2 Finishes = 0.75 kN/m2

Partitions = 0.5 kN/m2 Partitions = 0.5 kN/m2

Imposed load = 0.5 kN/m2 Imposed load = 1.5 kN/m2

EXERCISE 01

Calculate the design load for each beam from supporting slab. Q1 to Q7 use the data and parameters
pertaining to the following structure

Assumptions and general note:

1. Marked intersections points of beams are supported on columns where the columns are not
drawn at the intersection points
2. All the beams are 300 x 450 mm cross section
3. All the slabs are 150 mm thk.
4. Internal and peripheral beams carry 150 mm thk block wall
5. Height of the walls to be 3 m
6. Loads on floor are given in the diagram

Material specifications:

Unit weight of concrete = 24 kN/m3

Unit weight of block wall = 16 kN/m3

Q1

Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 11
 Chapter 04 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997

Q2.

Q3.

Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 12
 Chapter 04 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997

Q4.

Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 13
 Chapter 04 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997

4.1 ADDITIONAL NOTES

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Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 14
 Chapter 04 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997

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Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 15