MATHEMATICS 2020-2021 Eb ARS ie Jghdy Cpe a at ey ela a lig For Preparatory Year Two First Term Student's BookAuthors Mr. Omar Fouad Gaballa Prof.Dr. Afaf Abo-ElFoutoh Salah Dr. Essam Wasfi Rouphaeileee Hl gee sl lll oe Dear students: It 1s extremely great pleasure to introduce the mathematics book for second preparatory. We have been specially cautious to make your leaming to the mathematics enjoyable and useful since it has many practical applications. in real life as well as in the other subjects. This gives you a chance to be aware of the importance of learning mathematics, to determine its value and to appreciate the mathematicians roles. This book sheds new lights on the activities as a basic objective. Additionally, we have tried to introduce the subject simply and excitingly to help attaining mathematical knowledge as well as gaining the patterns of positive thinking which Pave your way to creativity . This book has been divided into units, each unit contains lessons, Colors and pictures are effectively used to illustrate some mathematical concepts and the properties of figures. Lingual level of previous study has been taken into consideration . ‘Our great interest here is ta help you get the information by your self in order to:develop your self-study skills. Calculators and computer sets are used when there's a need for. Exercises, practices, general exams, portfolios, unit test, general tests, and final term tests altached with model answers have been involved to help you review the cul uulum completely. ' "ne i Mh a i ee a I as for our dearest Egypt hoping bright future to our dearest students. iit } | Jct) ji amber RL ee 1Contents Unit One : Real Numbers Revision : Lesson One: The cube root of a rational number .. Lesson Two: The set of irrational number Q’..... Lesson Three: Finding the approximate value of an Lesson Four: The set of real numbers R.... Lesson Five: Ordering numbers at R Lesson Six: Intervals 0... it Lesson Seven; Operations on the real numbers. Lesson Eight: Operations on the square roots. Lesson Nine : Operations on the cube roots. Lesson Ten: Applications on the real numbers... Lesson eleven: Solving equations and inequalities of first degree in one variable in R ... General Exercises Activity Unit Test Unit Two : Relation between two Variables ‘Lesson One : Linear relation of two variables Lesson Two: The Slope of aline and real - Life applications 38 Unit Test Activity General Exercises Activity Unit TestUnit Four: Geometry Lesson One : The medians of a triangle Lesson Two: The Isosceles Triangle Lesson Three : The Isosceles Triangle theorems Lesson Four : Corollaries of isosceles triangle theorems ‘General Exercises Activity Unit Test Lesson One : Inequality Lesson Two? Comparing the measures of the angles of a triangle Lesson Three : Comparing the lengths of sides in a triangle Lesson Four : Triangle Inequality ‘General Exercises Activity Unit Test Model Answers ‘General Exercises and General Tests 8 106 112 4 1ae a — AB straight line AB m(ZL) | i measure of angle L tRevision The sets of numbers: ‘The set of Counting numbers = {1, 2.3...) ‘The set of Natural numbers : N= {0, 1, 2,3, ..}= counting numbers u {0} ‘The set of Integers = z= .0, 1,2, 3...) The set of Positive integers = Z* = Counting numbers The set of Negative integers. Z'= {-1,-2,-3....) The set of Rational numbers Q = ae a,beZ,b#0} The absolute value of a rational number: 1-71=7,131=3,/01=0 , J-Sp=e Wlal=5 thena=25 FEY 2 ewer)| JOnBEE- The Standard form of a rational number is : For example:- The standard form of the number 25.32 « 10* = 2.532 x 10° = The standard form of the number 0.00053= 5.3 = 10+ The perfect square rational number: Itis that positive number which can be written in the form of a square rational num- ber i.e (rational number}? 8 91 Example 1,4, 25, 4,2}, . The perfect cube of rational number: itis that rational number which can be written in the form of a cube rational number, (rational number)? Example 1, 8, -27, -216, <8, ‘The square root of a perfect square rational number © The square root of the positive rational number a is that number whose square is equal to a. © (Weer = zero) the square root of zero is zero. © Every perfect square rational number a has two square roots each one of them is an additive inverse to the other ive. Va» - Var Example 4 has two square roots: 2, - + VT means the positive square root of 9 which is equal to 3 Compiete the following table Perrennnmem sD)+ SX complete Write the following numbers in the form -—- where a and b are Sse eters are nr rs Seon Sas ein i, b# zero, e e “Bp The solution set of the equation x + 5 = [-5] in Nis 4 The rational number lies between 1, 2 is . & or 4, oF 0.3 oF -0.3) e ee 10% Wo «& The product of the rational number Eby its additive inverse is ..... {0} oF (10) oF {-10}, Or (zet0, - 2 oF Lor #) D |-2) + [4] + [6] = sen (ero, |-12] , 12,6) evr {aor -aor {al orta) & Find the vatue of x which satisfies each of the following equations. Determine whether this value is a natural, real or rational number. ® 5X+3=20 B 7X41 =12 @3X+5=1 Qx+3-7 & & Find inthe simptest form: OVE mo {G) The standard form of 0 0015 is. © Voie + |.05) = B44 4B The sum of the two square roots of the number 2 4 = BOR = aeie cube root of a rational number BU ee ced you have learned that: ‘The volume of a cube = the length of its side x itself x itself x Complete The volume of the cube whose side length is equal to 7 cm I lena Map Mm? GB Lots think we have a cube of volume 125 cm?, whatis the 28.1 8 length of its side 25 |5 ‘We search for any three equal numbers of aproduct = g_ |g ‘equal to 125. Then the number 125 can befactorized into its prime factors 4 W525 x5 KS 2. the cube of volume 125cm? has a side length = Scm Therefore, 5 is called the cube root of 125 and itis writen as 725 = 5, “S- The cube root for the rational number ais symbolized by {ra | The cube root for.a positive rational number is also positive Ex: Via5 = 5 - The cube root for a negative rational number is also negative. Ex: y= -2 why ? = Vien = zero \= Yea Crvien nome ES Po)aE ann To find the cube root of a perfect cube rational number: > The number can be factorized into its prime factors., 9 A calculator can be used. ‘The perfect cube rational number has one cube root which is also a rational number , why? Boe © Use factorization to find the value of each (1000 , 216 , 73; than check your answer using the calculater. totes 2 [1000 2| 216 ag-% 3l27 2/8 2 2] 500 2 2) 108 3]9 2/4 2| 250 2) 54 3/3 2/2 5 | 125 3| 27 1 4 5 §| 25 3 3) 9 s| 5 3| 3 1 1 Yio =5x2=10 ¥26=-2x3=6 ptafEot Use your calculator to check your answer by pressing on GER @ Find the length of the radius of a sphere whose volume is equal to 485tcm*(x = 7) ‘The volume of the sphere 851 = 4x 2 451 = $x Fe agi 3*7 _ soot p « MBLRSET f am 7 8 g &rae EE Ba 105em we can use the calculator to find 4 = directly. en Find the diameter of the sphere whose volume is 113.04.cm* (JZ = 3.14) @ =~ Solve each of the following equations in Q. & = B'4o=8 @ -2P =125 @ 2x-1)-10=54 + Salution set= (2) © Solution set = {-1) & (x-2)) = 125 K-25 VB x-2=5 x=7 +. Solution set = [7] Ge reste ‘Solve the following equations in Q: (x + 1)?= 27, (x+1)?=-27 Solution set= ( $} Perrennnem 7 Po)—SSG800) @ Fill in the following tabte: C Numbera = 8 1250-27 oe ge var QV += ® cor = @ va ve - evr. e A choose the correct answer from the Parentheses: (2 or-2 or 4 or -4) (10 or 0 or 5 oF +5) (3 or F or 2 of -2) (F OF 10 oF 2 oF -2) && The lateral area of a cube whase volume is 216 em? = ......cm* (36 oF 6 oF 144 oF 216) 6 or x? or x oF x4) (1or0 or -t or err = ever. fey + vow & & Find te vaiue of x in each of following cases: rr a5 @vra-t Grave Dx =-8 @ x'-125=0 & <= 64 e Find the solution set for each of the following equations In Q: @ 427-0 B Bx) +7=8 & (x+3P =343 ® Gx-2)+10=18 Roo °® Find the side length of a cube vessel with capacity of one liter: {B Find the diameter length of a sphere whose volume = “77. 7f cubic unit (Use 1 = 22) (volume of a sphere = 4 4A) EY 8 cena)