Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar

Department of Electrical Engineering

EE 311 Electrical Machines and Power Electronics Lab.

B. Tech.: Electrical, Sem. : VI

EXPERIMENT 2: A)OCC AND THE LOAD TEST ON THE THREE PHASE

ALTERNATOR
LAB REPORT

Batch No: 2 GROUP NO : 2

NAME: PATEL TANAY SOMNATH

ROLL NO: 10002038

LAB PARTNER: DHARM RATNA BAUDH

ROLL NO: 10002036

DATE OF EXPERIMENT: 14 / 08 / 2012

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 21 / 08 / 2012
 EXPERIMENT 2: A)OCC AND THE LOAD TEST ON THE THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR
AIM:
1. Determination of the OCC characteristics of the given Alternator
2. To determine the percentage regulation and percentage efficiency of the given three
phase alternator by conducting load test.

APPARATUS REQUIRED
Sl. No. Apparatus Specification Qty
1. Rotating Machines from The machines from the Test Bench are to be
Test bench configured for running the Synchronous machine 1
as Alternator with the DC machine as its prime
mover.
2 Extension Panel Panel that facilitates having terminals extended
from rotating machinery, power supplies, Load 1
banks and panel meters.

THEORY
Alternator is an alternating current generator. It works on the principle of electromagnetic
Induction. Alternators according to construction are divided into two categories.
 Revolving Field type
 Revolving Armature Type
Most alternators are of the revolving field type in which the revolving field structure or Rotor
has slip rings and brushes to supply the excitation current from an outside DC source. The
Armature coils are placed in slots in a laminated core, called stator.
When the rotor rotates, the stator conductors are cut by the magnetic flux, hence they induce
emf in them. Because the magnetic poles are N and S an alternating emf is produced in the
stator conductors whose frequency depends on the number of N and S poles moving past a
conductor in one second whose direction is given by Flemings Right Hand Rule. For a machine
with P poles that rotates at N rpm the frequency and the Induced EMF will be

As the Field current of the alternator is increased, its terminal voltage is increases as in DC
generators. With the alternator terminals open, the voltage output vs Field current
characteristics is known as OCC characteristics of the Alternator.
 As the load on the alternator is varied, its terminal voltage is found to vary with load current.
This variation in terminal voltage is due to the following reasons.
1. Voltage drop due to armature resistance Ra
2. Voltage drop due to leakage reactance XL.
3. Voltage drop or rise due to armature reaction.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM – OCC AND LOAD CHARACTERISTICS

A
_ A
_ LOAD

A R
V
_
Variable
DC F
Power V
_ M
_
Supply B Y
A FF AA
_ F FF
A
_

V
_
V
_

Variable Sensors Variable

T&S
Control

Control
DC DC
Power Power
Supply Display Supply
T/I
1 φ Supply 1 φ Supply

PROCEDURE - Open Circuit Characteristics

1. configure the Synchronous Machine in generating mode and the DC machine in Motoring
mode. Keep the Field of Synchronous Machine at minimum. Keep the field of The DC
machine at rated value. Ensure Mechanical coupling between Synchronous machine and the
DC machine.
2. Keep the synchronous machine field off/Minimum. Start the DC machine as motor by
gradually applying the armature voltage. Once the synchronous machine is kept running at
rated speed of the alternator speed, the field of the Alternator is switched on.
3. Now with the Field current of the alternator zero the generated voltage is noted. This is the
voltage induced due to the residual magnetism and the first point in the OCC
characteristics. Now the field is gradually applied and corresponding voltage at the open
circuit terminal of the alternator is recorded. Gradually increase the Field current in steps
 of 0.05 A and note down the generated emf against each field current. Take the readings
till the generated emf reaches the rated voltage of 420 Volts
4. Plot the open circuit characteristics of EG vs If
TABULATION
Sr. No If in A EG in V

1. 0 20.04

2. 0.05 63.5

3. 0.1 109.1

4. 0.15 155.2

5. 0.2 188.3

6. 0.25 227

7. 0.3 262.6

8. 0.35 286

9. 0.4 315

10. 0.45 338

11. 0.5 360

12. 0.55 373

13. 0.6 390

14. 0.65 406

15. 0.7 410

16. 0.72 416

17.
 Open Circuit Characteristics of an alternator
450

400

350
terminal voltage (Eg)

300

250

200 Eg(V)

150

100

50

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Field current (I)

PROCEDURE – Load Characteristics

1. The Alternator is kept at rated voltage output and made to run at rated rpm from the DC motor.
2. The Three phase resistive load is connected to the Alternator output terminals with the load
switches in off condition. .
3. Vary the load in steps and note down the corresponding load current and terminal voltage.
While doing so, maintain the speed of the DC Motor constant by adjusting the Armature
voltage.
4. Also note down the Torque and speed of the DC Machine
5. Repeat the steps till the rated current alternator is reached.
TABULATION

DC Motor Alternator
VL IL Amp. %
Speed (N) Output % Efficien
Torque (T) Input Volt I1, I2, I3
RPM Load in KW Regulation cy
V1, V2, V3
5.5 1511 869.832333 407 1.01 711.97324 2.16346154 81.852
9.8 1511 1549.88307 394 1.99 1357.99192 5.28846154 87.619
13.5 1510 2133.63 379 2.89 1897.07692 8.89423077 88.913
16.2 1512 2563.7472 359 3.68 2288.17984 13.7019231 89.251
No load torque: 0.9 N.m
No load speed: 1509 RPM
No load Voltage: 416 V
Graph:
Regulation
16
14
12
% regulation

10
8
6 % reg
4
2
0
350 360 370 380 390 400 410
terminal voltage

Efficiency
90
89
88
87
efficiency(%)

86
85
%effic
84
83
82
81
0 1 2 3 4
load current
CALCULATION

 % Efficiency

Output of the DC Motor :

(This is equal to Alternator input)

Alternator output : ( or)

: W1+W2 (wattmeter reading if wattmeters
are used).
Alternator Efficiency : (output/Input) X 100

 % Regulation

No load Terminal voltage : VNL volts (Rated value)

Load Voltage : VL volts

The % Regulation :

RESULT AND INFERENCE

Open Circuit Characteristics
 As the Field current of the alternator is increased, terminal voltage of an alternator is
increases.
 For the given speed terminal voltage is maximum at no load.
Load Characteristics
 Terminal voltage of an alternator is decreased with increasing in load.
 Efficiency of an alternator increase with increasing in load.