PTDU Lab no.

11
ANALYSIS OF DC DISTRIBUTION SCHEMES
ABDUL WAHAB NASIR (02) BSEE 16-20

Abstract

The main objective of this lab experiment is to understand and analyze the DC distribution schemes. There are two
different approaches to electrical transmission: Direct Current (DC, proposed by Edison) and Alternating Current
(AC, proposed by Tesla). Direct Current works by applying a constant electric voltage, from which most devices
will draw a constant electric current. Batteries are a common source of direct current.. With AC, you can use step-up
transformers to boost the voltage for transmission and then step it back down near the customer for low-voltage
consumption. But transformers don't work for DC power. However, Long distance transmission requires high
voltages for efficiency.

Index terms --- DC Distribution, DC Distribution Schemes, DC Schemes

I. INTRODUCTION [1]  A DC System has a less potential stress over

DC Distribution Scheme
The DC distribution system has been proposed, as a
replacement for the present AC power distribution
system for ships with electric propulsion. This
concept represents a new way of distributing energy
for low-voltage installations on ships. It can be used
for any electrical ship application up to 20 megawatts
and operates at a nominal voltage of 1000 V DC. The
DC distribution system is simply an extension of the
multiple DC links that already exist in all propulsion
and thruster drives, which usually account for more
than 80 percent of the electrical power consumption
on electric propulsion vessels.
AC system for same Voltage level.
Therefore, a DC line requires less insulation.
 In DC Line, Corona losses are very low.
II. PROCEDURE [2]
In this lab we are required to observe the DC
distribution schemes. We performed tasks to analyze
the DC distribution scheme. The procedure is
provided in ‘lab manual’ provided by Sir Abu Bakar.
Following the instructions of lab manual tasks were
completed and results were observed. The tasks were
performed on Simulink, MATLAB.
III. LAB TASKS

Advantages of DC Transmission Task 01

 Following are some of the advantages of the

DC distribution scheme:
 There are two conductors used in DC
transmission while three conductors required
in AC transmission.
 There are no Inductance and Surges (High
Voltage waves for very short time) in DC
transmission.
 There is no concept of Skin effect in DC
transmission. Therefore, small cross
sectional area conductor required.
Figure 11.1: DC transmission system
In this task, a DC transmission system with a DC
source supplying power to same and parallel Loads
RL1 ,…, RL4 as shown in Fig. 12.1. Here, r1,…..,r5 V1 V2 V3 V4
are the line resistances. Calculated 93.32 75.98 56 41
Values
Task 2 Measured 93.35 76.04 56.63 40.45
values
Table 11.3 Measured and calculated

IV. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION

The lab was conducted successfully. We learnt how

power is transferred in DC transmission systems. In
DC transmission, due to line losses the voltages
reaching the loads decrease as it moves forward. As a
result, the last load receives less voltage as compared
to first and intermediate loads. If we use two DC
Figure 11.2: Circuit Diagram of task 2
sources, one at starting point and second on end point
the voltages on first and last loads are high but the
intermediate loads have less voltages. It is better to
Task 3 use AC as the losses are less due to step up and down
operation of transformers. However for long
Here we have different tables for different values of transmission lines (up to 1000km) Dc transmission is
the readings given in tasks 3, 4 and 5. Their results preferred.
are:
V. REFRENCES
Model series resistance as:
[1]. "DC Distribution Scheme | DCscheme –
Monitoring", electricityworld, 2019. [Online]. Available:
R=0.1 ohm, RL = 0.5 ohm, V= 120 V
https://www.electricityworld.com/pfimp. [Accessed: 16-
Apr- 2019].
V1 V2 V3 V4
Calculated 79.52 53.28 40.17 32.59
Values [2]. Lab Manual Mr. Abu bakar | DC Distribution
Measured 79 53.81 39.37 32.81 Schemes | DEE PIEAS, 2019.
values
Table 11.1 Measured and calculated
values
Now we have:

R1=0.2, R2=0.1, R3=0.05, R4=0.05 (Rest are same)

V1 V2 V3 V4
Calculated 56.85 38.6 32.9 28.79
Values
Measured 57.62 37.85 31.79 28.9
values
Table 11.2 Measured and calculated
values
Now we have:

R1=0.05, R2=0.05, R3=0.1, R4=0.2 (Rest are same)