Hon IM 2

GRAPHING FUNCTIONS and TRANSFORMATIONS

For any function there are 4 basic ways to transform the shape of its graph. The original
function f(x) is often called the parent function and has specific properties and key points to
assist in graphing.
Up/Down
1) Vertical Translation (Shift): Graph is moved ______________________________________
left/right
2) Horizontal Translation (Shift): Graph is moved __________________________________________

3) Vertical Dilations, Contractions, and Reflections:

stretch / compresion y-coordinate changes reflects over x-axis
In the vertical direction, __________________________________________________________________
4) Horizontal Dilations, Contractions, and Reflections:
stretch compression x-coordinate changes reflects over the y-axis
In the horizontal direction, _________________________________________________________________

Identify the points of the given parent function f(x) in the graph:
 Graph each transformation of the parent function and describe the change from the original.
f(x) f(x) + 3 f(x) – 2 f(x + 1)

x y or f(x)
-4 1
-2 1
1 3
3 -3
4 0

f(x – 2) 2•f(x) -1•f(x) ½•f(x)

Identify the points of the given parent function g(x) in the graph:
 Graph each transformation of the parent function and describe the change from the original.
g(x) g(x) – 4 g(x) + 1 g(x + 3)

g(x – 3) g(x + 1) 3•g(x) -2•g(x)

How do operations in different locations of the parent function create transformations?

1) Vertical Translation (Shift):
a. UP: b. DOWN:

2) Horizontal Translation (Shift):

a. LEFT: b. RIGHT:

3) Vertical Dilations, Contractions, and Reflections:

a. STRETCH: b. SHRINK:

c. FLIP:

GENERAL FORM FOR TRANSFORMATIONS of FUNCTION f(x): a • f(x – h) + k

“h” = horizontal shift “k” = vertical shift “a” = vertical dilation,
contraction, and reflection
 DESCRIBE THE TRANSFORMATIONS FOR THE GIVEN EXPRESSIONS
For parent functions f(x), g(x), or h(x)
1) f(x – 1) + 2 2) h(x + 7) + 8 3) 2f(x – 1)

4) -3 f(x) + 2 5) ½ g(x) – 9 6) -3/4h(x + 6)

7) 2f(x + 3) – 5 8) –g(x – 4) + 7 9) 2
/3h(x + 1) + 5

SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS

ABSOLUTE VALUE:
 Parent Function: f(x) = |x| x y
 Transformation Function: -2

-1
 Important Point: (h, k)
0

 Generic Shape: 1

2
 DOMAIN:

 RANGE:
QUADRATIC: x y
2
 Parent Function: f(x) =x
-2
 Transformation Function:
-1

 Important Point: (h, k)

0

1
 Generic Shape:
2
 DOMAIN:

 RANGE:

PRACTICE SHIFTS WITH ABSOLUTE AND QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS

Section 1: Graph
1) y | x  4 | 2) y | x | 5 3) y | x  3 | 2

1
4) y  3 | x | 5) y   | x | 4
2