Mathematics 9

Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 6
Trigonometric Ratios of
Special Angles
Mathematics – Grade 9
Quarter 4 – Self-Learning Module 6: Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angles
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writers: Frank Luther Y. Gordon; Joan S. Magapi
Editor: Cherry O. Nabos; Revie G. Santos
Reviewers: Ma. Cynthia P. Badana; Ma. Victoria L. Peñalosa
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Name
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Office of the Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera, CESE
OIC-Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Manuel A. Laguerta EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
Joselito E. Calios (English/SPFL/GAS)
Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larangan)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)

Dulce O. Santos
Printed in the Philippines PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
by Department of Education – Schools Division of
Pasig City Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)
 Mathematics 9
Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 6
Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angles
Introductory Message!

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 9 Self-Learning Module on Trigonometric

Ratios of Special Angles!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self-learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this self-
learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the self-learning module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 9 Self-Learning Module on Trigonometric

Ratios of Special Angles!

This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being
an active learner.

This self-learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

1. Find the values of trigonometric ratios of special angles.

2. Derive the values of trigonometric ratios of special angles using special right
triangles.

PRETEST

Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of your answer on a
sheet of paper.

1. What is the value of sin 30o?

1 √3 √2 √3
A. B. C. D.
2 2 2 3

2. What is the value of cos 30𝑜

2√3 1 √2 √3
A. B. C. D.
3 2 2 2

√3
3. What is the value of θ if tan 𝜃 = ?
3
A. 30o B. 60o C. 45o D. 90o

4. Which of the following is the value of csc 60𝑜 ?

2√3 √3 √3 2√3
A. B. C. − D. −
3 3 3 3

5. Which among the following is the value of θ if tan 𝜃 = 1?

A. -30o B. 45o C. -45o D. 30o

RECAP
A. Direction: Find the value of x.

1. Q

55
33
𝜃
R x S
2. M

20
x

𝜃
N 16 P

3. D

𝜃 x
9

N 12 P

B. Direction: For numbers 4 and 5, find the value of θ.

1. G

𝜃 23

H 15 J

2. M
27

𝜃
N 18 P

LESSON

From your previous self-learning modules, you have learned about the special
right triangles, namely: the 30o-60o-90o triangle and the isosceles right triangle (also
known as 45°-45°-90° triangle). Your knowledge of that will help you better
understand the lesson in finding the trigonometric ratios of special angles.

In this lesson, we will learn the trigonometric functions of the special angles
30˚, 45˚, and 60˚ and how to use them to find exact values of trigonometric
expressions without a calculator.
Special Angle: 30o

Let us first consider 30˚.

These two angles form a 30˚-60˚-90˚ right triangle as shown.
The ratio of the sides of the triangle ABC is 1: √3 ∶ 2

60𝑜 2
1

𝟑𝟎𝒐
C √3 A

From the triangle, we get the ratios as follows:

1 √3
sin 30𝑜 = cot 30𝑜 = = √3
2 1

√3 2 2 √3 2√3
cos 30𝑜 = sec 30𝑜 = = ∙ =
2 √3 √3 √3 3

1 1 √3 √3 2
tan 30𝑜 = = ∙ = csc 30𝑜 = = 2
√3 √3 √3 3 1

Special Angle: 60o

Let us now consider 60˚.

These two angles form a 30˚- 60˚- 90˚ right triangle as shown.
The ratio of the sides of the triangle ABC is 𝟏: √𝟑 ∶ 𝟐

𝟔𝟎𝒐 2
1

30𝑜
C √3 A
From the given triangle, we get the ratios as follows:
√3 1 1 √3 √3
sin 60𝑜 = cot 60𝑜 = = ∙ =
2 √3 √3 √3 3

1 2
cos 60𝑜 = sec 60𝑜 = = 2
2 1

√3 2 2 √3 2√3
tan 60𝑜 = = √3 csc 60𝑜 = = ∙ =
1 √3 √3 √3 3
Special Angle: 45o

Then, we consider the 45˚ angle that forms a 45˚- 45˚- 90˚ right triangle as shown.
The ratio of the sides of the triangle ABC is 𝟏 ∶ 𝟏 ∶ √𝟐.
A

45𝑜
1 √2

45𝑜
C 1 B

Combining the two tables we get the following values:

1 1 √2 √2 1
sin 45𝑜 = = ∙ = cot 45𝑜 = = 1
√2 √2 √2 2 1

1 1 √2 √2 √2
cos 45𝑜 = = ∙ = sec 45𝑜 = = √2
√2 √2 √2 2 1

1 √2
tan 45𝑜 = = 1 csc 45𝑜 = = √2
1 1

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

Direction: Match Column A with the corresponding values in Column B.

Column A Column B
1. cos 60𝑜 a. √2
2. csc 45𝑜
√3
3. sin 45𝑜 b.
2
4. sin 60𝑜
5. tan 60𝑜 c. √3
√2
d.
2
2√3
e.
3
1
f.
2
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
Direction: Solve the following to decode the mystery word
G. sec 30𝑜
O. cos 45𝑜
L. tan 30𝑜

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
2√3 √2 √2 2√3 √2 √3
3 2 2 3 2 3
Hint: It is the large number 10100. In decimal notation, it is written as the digit 1
followed by one hundred zeroes.

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

Direction: Complete the table.

𝟑𝟎𝒐 𝟒𝟓𝒐 𝟔𝟎𝒐

1
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
2
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 √2
2
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 √3
3
𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜽 √3
3
2√3
𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝜽
3
𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝜽 √2

WRAP-UP

The special angles used in finding the trigonometric values of special angles
were the angle 30o, 45o, and 60o angle. These angles were derived from the angles
that are present in the angle of the two kinds of special right angles namely the 30 o-
60o-90o triangle and the isosceles right triangle
(45o-45o-90o triangle).
 VALUING

REFLECTION: (Journal Writing)

Just like in the saying of an anonymous writer, “Sometimes in life, you find a
special friend; someone who changes your life by just being part of it. Someone who
makes you laugh until you can’t stop; someone who makes you believe that there
really is good in the world; someone who convinces you that there really is an
unlocked door just waiting for you to open it.”
In your opinion, what are the things that your special friend has done that
make you feel that you are a special person?

POSTTEST

Directions: Read each of the following carefully. Choose the letter that corresponds
to the correct answer.

1. What is the value of csc 45𝑜 ?

A. −√3 C. −√2
B. √2 D. √3

2. Which of the following is the value of sec 60𝑜 ?

A. 2 C. 1
B. -2 D. -1

√3
3. Which among the angle measures is the correct value of θ if sin 𝜃 = ?
2
A. 120𝑜 C. 60𝑜
B. 90𝑜 D. 30𝑜

4. Which among the following is the value of sec 30𝑜 ?

2√3 1
A. C.
3 2
2√3 1
B. − D. −
3 2

5. What is the value of tan 45𝑜 ?

1
A. 1 C. −
2
1
B. −1 D.
2
 KEY TO CORRECTION
5. A 4. A 3. C 2. A B 1.

POSTTEST

3
2√3 √𝟐 2 csc 𝜃
𝟑
2 √2 𝟐√𝟑 sec 𝜃
𝟑
√𝟑 1 √3 cot 𝜃
𝟑
√3 1 √𝟑 tan 𝜃
2 𝟐 2
1 √𝟐 √3 cos 𝜃
𝟐 2 𝟐
√𝟑 √2 𝟏 sin 𝜃
60𝑜 45𝑜 30𝑜

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF

3 2 3
; GOOGOL L. O. G.
√3 √2 2√3
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING
5. c 4. b 1. f 2. a 3. d
ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE
5. 48𝑜 11′ 4. 40𝑜 42′ 3. 15 2. 12 1. 44
RECAP
5. B 4. A 3. A 2. D 1. A
PRETEST

References
Bryant, Merden, Leonides Bulalayao, Melvin Callanta, Jerry Cruz, Richard De Vera,
Gilda Garcia, Sonia Javier, Roselle Lazaro, Bernadeth Mesterio, Hero
Saladino. MATHEMATICS Learner’s Material 9, Vibal Group Inc. 2014

Evaluating Trigonometry for special angles.

https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/trigonometry-special-angles.html
(accessed July 3, 2020)

Oronce, Orlando and Marilyn Mendoza. E-Math IV, Manila: Rex Bookstore, Inc.,
2007