FACTUAL READING TEXT

ENGLISH LITERATURE CLASS C

FACULTY OF ADAB AND CULTURAL SCIENCES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SUNAN KALIJAGA

2020/20201
Group 1
Members:
1. Titin Sofiana (19101050059)
2. Alya Masluhil H (19101050064)
3. Wulandari (19101050075)
4. Zavira Lintang K (19101050076)

A. Procedure Text
How to Make Sandwich

Materials: Tools:
1. Mayonnaise 5. Lettuce 1. Butter knife
2. Butter 6. Sliced cheese 2. Plate
3. Sliced bread 7. Sliced ham 3. Cutting board
4. Mustard 8. Tomato 4. Knife

Steps:
1. Prepare all the ingredients and tools
2. Lay 2 slices of bread onto the cutting board.
3. Butter the side of one piece of bread that is facing using the butter knife.
4. Spread a small amount of mayonnaise on one side of the other slice bread.
5. With the plain sides of the slices of bread facing down, place 1-3 leaves of
lettuce onto the buttered slice of bread.
6. Take 2-5 slices of ham and place on the same slice of bread the lettuce is
on.
7. Slice the tomato so each slice is about ¾ of centimeter each. Cut as many
slices as you would like for your sandwich.
8. Apply mustard onto either slices of bread and spread the mustard onto the
slice of bread with just the mayonnaise on it.
9. Place 2-6 slices of cheese onto one of the two slices of bread.
10. Take the bread slice with the mayonnaise and place mayonnaise side down
onto the other slice with the other ingredients on it.
11. Enjoy your sandwich.

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Question:

1. How many materials do we need to make sandwich? Mention it!

2. What kind of vegetables do we use to make sandwich?
3. When do we need to spread mayonnaise?
4. Where should we put 2-6 slices of cheese?
5. What should we do after take 2-5 slices of ham?

3
B. Descriptive Text
The Hippopotamus
The hippopotamus is a semi-aquatic ungulate found in sub-Saharan Africa.
It lives in lakes and slow-moving rivers surrounded by grasslands.
Hippopotamuses measure 3-4 meters in length and weigh more than 3 tons. Four
webbed toes on each foot support their immense bodies.

Their eyes, ears and nostrils are positioned on top of their heads, allowing
hippos to remain aware of their surroundings while almost entirely submerged in
water. A clear membrane that covers their eyes allows hippos to see underwater.
They can also close their nostrils and hold their breath underwater for as long as
five minutes. Hippos secrete a red fluid that is often mistaken for blood, but
instead protects their skin from the sun. Their hide is gray and thick few hairs. A
flat tail allows males, or bulls, to mark their territory by flinging and spreading
their dung.

Question:

1. What is a hippopotamus?
2. Where do hippos live?
3. How long can a hippo grow?
4. What action does hippos take to protect their skin from the sun?
5. How does a hippo mark its territory?

4
C. Report Text
Jellyfish

Jellyfish are not really fish. They are invertebrate animals. This means
that unlike fish or people, they have no backbones. In fact, they have no bones at
all. Jellyfish have stomachs and mouths, but no heads. They have nervous systems
for sensing the world around them, but no brains. They are made almost entirely
of water, which is why you can look through them.

Some jellyfish can glow in the darkness by making their own light. The
light is made by a chemical reaction inside the jellyfish. Scientists believe jellyfish
glow for several reasons. For example, they may glow to scare away predators or
to attract animal they like to eat.

Most jellyfish live in salt water, apart from a few types that live in fresh
water. Jellyfish are found in oceans and seas all over the world. They live in
warm, tropical seas and in icy water near the North and South poles.

Question:

1. How does a jellyfish look?

2. What do jellyfish tentacles do?
3. What the characteristic of jellyfish?
4. How do the jellyfish grow in the darkness?
5. Where most jellyfish live?

5
D. News Item Text

Wildfires in Australia

The Australian fire service says New South Wales is facing one of the
most dangerous days of wildfires in the state’s history. There are more than a
hundred fires alight, with 21 burning uncontained in the country’s most populous
state.

The fire risk in some areas is at its highest level, which describes the
conditions as catastrophic. There are high winds, dry vegetation, and temperatures
are approaching 40 degrees Celcius. Prime Minister Julia Gillard said today was a
very dangerous day, adding that the word ‘catastrophic’ was being used for a
reason. The authorities have imposed a total fire ban and more people are being
told to leave their homes.

Question

1. Why does the wildfire in New South Wales become the most dangerous of
wildfire in the state’s history?
2. Who gets the bad influence from this dangerous wildfire?
3. Why does the prime minister call this condition as catastrophic?
4. Which part of Australia do the riskiest wildfire take place?
5. What does the government say to the resident?

6
Group 2
Members:
1. Adinda Delima Dara (19101050067)
2. Laillila Ajeng Anindyah (19101050069)
3. Nur Fida Auliana (19101050059)
4. Syifa Azzahra (19101050061)

A. Procedure Text
How to Make Sunny-Side-Up Eggs
What You Need :
Making sunny-side-up eggs requires only a couple tools: a skillet and spatula.
Then your essential ingredients are even simpler: eggs and butter. You can add
extra flavour to your sunny-side-up eggs with pepper, cheese and other garnishes.

Instructions :
1. Heat butter in a nonstick skillet over medium-high heat until hot.
2. Use 1 to 2 teaspoons of butter per egg, or spray the pan with cooking
spray.Crack eggs one at a time into skillet, leaving space between the eggs.
3. Reduce heat to low.
4. Cook 4 to 5 minutes or until the whites are set and yolks are cooked to
desired doneness.
5. To speed up the cooking process, cover skillet while cooking eggs.
However, eggs will not look as “sunny” yellow if you cover the eggs
because the steam trapped under the pan lid partially poaches the egg yolk.

Final Tips :
Learning how to make sunny-side-up eggs is a skill that you can use again and
again, and it’s an easy way to start your day. For your safety, when making sunny-
side-up eggs, cook them until the yolk and egg whites are set.

SAFE HANDLING INSTRUCTIONS:

Eggs may contain Salmonella enteritidis (SE) bacteria that can cause foodborne
illness. To prevent illness from bacteria: Use pasteurized eggs or egg products
when preparing recipes that call for using eggs raw or undercooked. Keep eggs
refrigerated, cook eggs until yolks are firm and cook foods containing eggs
thoroughly to an internal temperature of 160°F (71°C) or hotter.

Question :
1. How long does sunny side up take time to make?
2. How much butter do we need?
3. What does “sunny” mean?
4. Eggs may contain salmonella bacterium, how can we prevent it?
5. What is the internal temperature for cooking?

7
B. Descriptive Text

Singapore
Singapore is a South-east Asian country located between Malaysia and
Indonesia. Despite its small size, Singapore is known for its transition as a third-
world country to the first-world country. Singapore also was known as the Asian
Tiger economy, based on external trade and its workforce. Singapore size is not as
big as Indonesia, but the city ranks highly in numerous international rankings for
its education, entertainment, finance, healthcare, human capital, innovation,
logistics, manufacturing, technology, tourism, trade, and transport.
Singapore is home to 5.6 million people with a diverse culture. Majority
ethnic groups in Singapore are Chinese, Malay, and Indian. Singapore
Independence Day was on the 9th of August 1965. Merlion Statue is the official
mascot of Singapore. Singapore is famous for its Garden by the Bay, Marina Bay
Sands, dan Orchard Road.

Question :
1. Where is Singapore sited?
2. What makes Singapore special?
3. What are the majority ethnic groups there?
4. When was Singapore Independence Day?
5. What is the official mascot of Singapore?

8
C. Report Text

Mobile Phone

A mobile phone (also known as a wireless phone, or cellular telephone)

is a very small portable radio telephone. The mobile phone can be used to
communicate over long distances without wires. It works by communicating with
a nearby base station (also called a “cell site”) which connects it to the main
phone network. As the mobile phone moves around, if the mobile phone gets too
far away from the cell it is connected to, that cell sends a message to another cell
to tell the new cell to take over the call. This is called a “hand off,” and the call
continues with the new cell the phone is connected to. The hand-off is done so
well and carefully that the user will usually never even know that the call was
transferred to another cell. As mobile phones became more popular, they began to
cost less money, and more people could afford them. Monthly plans became
available for rates as low as US$30 or US$40 a month. Cell phones have become
so cheap to own that they have mostly replaced pay phones and phone booths
except for urban areas with many people.

Question :
1. What is mobile phone?
2. What are the uses of mobile phone?
3. How is the system of “ Hand Off”?
4. How much is the mobile phone monthly free plan?
5. What will happen if the mobile phone gets too far from the call?

9
D. News Item

10
Group 3
Members:
1. Titin Sofiana (19101050059)
2. Alya Masluhil H (19101050064)
3. Wulandari (19101050075)
4. Zavira Lintang K (19101050076)

A. Procedure Text
B. Descriptive Text
C. Report Text
D. News Item

11
Group 4
Members:
1. Putri Farodillah 19101050062 ( Procedure Text )
2. Riskalis Styawati 19101050086 (Descriptive Text )
3. Muhammad Marhaban Ramadhan 19101050070 ( Report Text )
4. Nor Kholis Majid 19101050071 ( News Item Text )

A. Procedure Text
How to Make Banana Jam

Ingredients :
3 peeled bananas 1/3 a cup of water
1 cup of sugar or artificial sugar

Steps :
1. First, put all those things out in front of you.
2. Next, take the peeled bananas and slice the banana into very thin pieces.
3. Put them aside in a bowl.
4. Then, fill the pot with 1 cup of sugar and stir it continuosly.
5. Next, cook until brown in medium heat. Don’t step away for more than 10
seconds because this will burn if you don’t watch it carefully.
6. Once brown, add 1/3 a cup of water and the sliced banana you put aside.
Don’t forget to keep stirring on low heat.
7. When no banana pieces are noticeable, turn off heat.
8. After that, put in a container or covered bowl and put in the fridge until
chilled.
9. Finally, frozen banana jelly or jam finished.

Questions :

1. How many cups of sugar do we need to make a banana jam if it use 3 bananas?
2. Where are the banana pieces placed?
3. What should be done after brown bananas?
4. When do we have to turn off?
5. What should be done after puting the banana in a container or covered bowl?

12
B. Descriptive Text

Borobudur Temple

Borobudur is a Buddhist temple. It was built in the 9th century under

Syailendra Dynasty of Ancient Mataram Kingdom. Borobudur is located in
Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.

Borobudur well-known all over the world. Its construction is influenced by

the Gupta architecture of India. The temple is constructed on a hill with 46 meters
high and consist of 8 steps like stone terrace. The first five terrace are square and
surrounded by walls adorned with Buddhist sculpture in bas-relief. The upper
three are circular, each of them is with a circle of bell shape-stupa. The entire
upper structure is crowned by a large stupa at the center of the top circle. The way
to the summit extends through some 4.8 km of passage and stairways.

The design of Borobudur symbolizes the conception of universe in

Buddhist Cosmology. It is believed that the universe is divided into three spiritual
spheres. There are Kamadhatu, Rupadhatu and Arupadhatu. The first sphere,
Kamadhatu, represents respectively the spheres of desires where we are bound to
our desires. The second spheres, Rupadhatu, represents forms where we abandon
our desires, but are still bound to the name and form. The last sphere, Arupadhatu,
represents formlessness where there is no longer either name or form. Borobudur
Temple, which is rededicated as an Indonesian monument in 1983 is a valuable
treasure for Indonesian people. Borobudur Temple included 7 Wonders of The
World because of its magnificient size and the architecture.

Questions:

1. When was Borobudur Temple built?

2. How many levels are there in Borobudur Temple based on Buddhist
Cosmology?
3. How do you reach the top of the temple?
4. Mention three spiritual spheres!
5. What is the main function of the Borobudur Temple?

13
C. Report Text
Cats
Cats also called the domestic cat or house cat (with its scientific name:
Felis silvestris catus or Felis catus) is a type of carnivorous mammal of the family
Felidae. The word "cat" generally refers to a "cat" that has been tamed, but can
also refer to the "big cats" such as lions and tigers.

Cats are considered as "perfect carnivore" with teeth and particular

digestive tract. The first premolar and molar teeth form a pair of fangs on each
side of the mouth that works effectively as a pair of scissors to tear the meat.
Although these features also exist in the Canidae or dog, but these traits are better
developed in cats. Unlike other carnivores, cats eat almost non vegetable
substance. Bears and dogs sometimes eat berries, roots, or honey as a supplement,
while cats only eat meat, usually freshly killed prey. In captivity, cats can not
adapt to a vegetarian diet because they can not synthesize all the amino acids they
need from plant material; it is in contrast with domesticated dogs, which
commonly are fed a mixture of meat and vegetables and sometimes it can adapt to
a completely vegetarian meal.

Cats have mingled with human life since at least 6000 BC, from the
skeleton of the cat found on the island of Cyprus. The ancient Egyptians of 3500
BC have used cats to keep away the rats or other rodents from the barn where the
crops were saved. Currently, the cat is one of the most popular pet in the world.
Cats that his lines are recorded officially as a cat breeds or pure breed are Persian,
Siamese, Manx, and the sphinx. These kinds of cat are usually bred in official
captivity animal. The number of purebred cat is only 1% of all cats in the world;
the rest is a cat with mixed ancestry such as wild cats or domestic cats.

Questions:

1. When did cats began to mingled with human life?

2. Since when does the ancient Egyptians used cats to keep away rats and other
rodents?
3. Why cats are considered as “perfect carnivore?”
4. What is the sciencific name for a cat?

14
5. What family are the cats belong to?
D. News Item

Facebook's Twitter and Instagram accounts hacked

Facebook's social media accounts were temporarily taken over by a

group of hackers on Friday afternoon.The hacking group OurMine posted on the
Twitter and Instagram accounts for Facebook and Messenger, writing "even
Facebook is hackable".The accounts have now been restored.OurMine claims its
attacks are an attempt to show cyber vulnerabilities. In January it hijacked over a
dozen accounts for teams in the US National Football League.The group posted a
statement on Facebook's Twitter account. "Hi, we are OurMine. Well, even
Facebook is hackable but at least their security is better then Twitter."It also
hijacked the Facebook and Messenger accounts on Instagram to post a photo of
OurMine's logo.Facebook's own website was not hacked.

Twitter confirmed that the hacking occurred via a third-party and that
accounts were locked once it was alerted to the issue."As soon as we were made
aware of the issue, we locked the compromised accounts and are working closely
with our partners at Facebook to restore them," Twitter said in a statement.The
attack on Facebook seems to have followed a similar hack on teams in the
National Football League. The accounts appear to have been accessed via the
third-party platform Khoros.Khoros is a marketing platform that businesses can
use to manage their social media communications. Typically these platforms
manage or have access to the passwords and login details of their
customers.Khoros did not respond to a BBC request for comment.OurMine is a
Dubai-based hacking group that attacked the accounts of corporations and high-
profile individuals in the past. In the past, it has temporality infiltrated the social
media account of Twitter's founder Jack Dorsey, Google's chief executive Sundar
Pichai, and the corporate accounts of Netflix and ESPN.The group claims its
attacks are designed to show a lack of security. But it also instructs victims to use
its services to improve safeguards.

15
Questions :

1. What is OurMine?
2. When did this actident happen?
3. How many accounts have been hacked by OurMine?
4. How did twitter overcome that problem?
5. Why did OurMine hack some accounts?

16
Group 5
Members:
1. Syaful Rizal (19101050080)
2. Ala’ (19101050063)
3. Ananda Rizki Amalia (19101050058)
4. Mohammad Ardhi Abdurahman (19101050073)

A. Procedure Text
How to Make Meatballs

Ingredients:
1 kilo of very fine minced meat (preferably beef) 4-8 cloves of garlic
1 teaspoon of white pepper 1 red onion
300 grams of tapioca-flour 2 eggs
2 teaspoons of salt

These steps are instruction on how to make meatballs, just meatball. The soup is
made separately.

1. Mix garlic, red onion, salt, and white pepper in a mortar or mixer.
2. Next, mix the spice-mixture with the eggs, the tapioca-flour and the
minced meat.
3. Then, use your fingers, add a cup of water, and keep on working until the
mixture feels soft and smooth.
4. After that, boil some water in a rather large pot, at least about 2 liters.
5. Next step, roll the mixture into small meatballs.
6. Finally, lower the meatballs into the boiling water. When they float up to
the surface, they are ready to serve.

Question:
1. Mention the ingredients to make meatballs !
2. What are the ingredient must be mixed in a mortar or mixed ?
3. What should we do after mixing the ingredient ?
4. How much the water do we need to boil the meatball?
5. When are the meatball ready to serve in boiling water ?

17
B. Descriptive Text

Giant's Causeway a natural wonder

The Giant's Causeway, on the North Antrim Coast of Northern Ireland, is

an area of breathtaking scenery which has fascinated visitors for centuries. The
Causeway lies at the foot of coastal* (on the land near a coast) cliffs, and it
consists of columns of rock which formed over 60 million years ago as a result
There are approximately 40,000 columns and the tops of the columns form
stepping stones which lead from the cliff and continue out towards the sea, where
they disappear. The coastal area next to the causeway has hidden bays*(a part of
the coast where the land curves inwards in a 'U' shape and the sea is surrounded
by land on three sides) and there are isolated ruins and fields which show how the
past generations of farmers and fishermen used to live. Tourists can drive along
the coastal road to see incredible natural landscapes and visit local towns and
villages. The area is also home to various rare plants and animals.

The Giant's Causeway is listed as a World Heritage site, and many

consider it to be the eighth wonder of the world because of its unique features.
Unfortunately, however, recent reports have suggested that rising water levels and
coastal erosion*(when rocks and soil in an area are slowly destroyed by rivers, the
sea or the weather) are threatening the Giant's Causeway. Scientists have
predicted that by 2050 many of the stepping stones will be under water. This will
also have a negative effect on the plants and animals in the area.

Question:

1. Where is The Giant's Causeway located ?

2. How was the Giant's Causeway formed ?

3. How many do columns make up the Giant's Causeway ?

4. Why is the Giant's Causeway considered to be the eighth wonder of the world ?

5. According to scientists, what is a threat to the Giant's Causeway ?

18
C. Report Text
Laptop
Laptop, often called a notebook, is a portable personal computer with a
clamshell form factor, suitable for mobile use. Although originally there was a
distinction between laptops and notebooks, the former being bigger and heavier
than the latter, there is often no longer any difference. Laptops are commonly used
in a variety of settings, such as at work, in education, and for personal multimedia.
Adam Osborne, Author of the book that created World’s first Laptop. First
Generation (1940-1956) During this period, the first generation computers began
to be developed. The first generation computers used tubes for memory storage.
The vacuum tube is used to strengthen the signal by controlling the movement of
electrons in the evacuation chamber.First generation computers that are difficult to
operate and very expensive, UNIVAC and ENIAC are examples of first
generation of computers used by the US census agency.
A laptop combines the components, inputs, outputs and capabilities of a
desktop computer, including the display screen, speakers, a keyboard, and
pointing devices. The device can be powered either from a rechargeable battery or
by mains electricity from an AC adapter. Laptops are diverse devices and
specialised kinds, such as rugged notebooks for use in construction or convertible
computers, have been optimized for specific uses. The hardware specifications,
such as the processor speed and memory capacity significantly vary between
different types, makes, and models.

Question:
1. What can you conclude from the report text ?
2. Who invented the first laptop innovations growing ?
3. In what country is the laptop used first ?
4. Why every year digital innovation such as laptops are always developing and
changing techonological ?
5. What is your opinion of this text ?

19
D. News Item

President Donald Trump will bring the "full force" of the U.S. government to
combat human trafficking.

WASHINGTON (AP) — The president is meeting with senior advisers

and representatives of organizations that deal with trafficking at the White House.
His daughter is among those in attendance.

Trump calls “human trafficking” as a problem that is "not talked about

enough." He said that he would order the departments of Justice and Homeland
Security to take a hard look at the resources they were devoting to addressing the
issue.

Human trafficking tends to occur around international travel-hubs with

large immigrant populations, such as California and Texas. The U.S. Justice
Department estimates that 14,500–17,500 people, including young children,
teenagers, men and women, are trafficked into the country every year. They can
be domestic citizens or foreign nationals. According to the Department of State's
statistics from 2000, there are approximately 244,000 American children and
youth that are at risk for sex trafficking each year.

Question:

1. What is human trafficking?

2. How do the government of USA find solve a solution to end human
trafficking ?
3. Who are the agents behind human trafficking?
4. Why could human trafficking happen at American ?
5. when was the largest human trafficking be happen at American?

20
Group 6
Members:
1. Titin Sofiana (19101050059)
2. Alya Masluhil H (19101050064)
3. Wulandari (19101050075)
4. Zavira Lintang K (19101050076)

A. Procedure Text
B. Descriptive Text
C. Report Text
D. News Item
Group 7
Members:
1. Titin Sofiana (19101050059)
2. Alya Masluhil H (19101050064)
3. Wulandari (19101050075)
4. Zavira Lintang K (19101050076)

A. Procedure Text

How to Make Seblak

Ingredients :

1. 50 g raw crackers kanji. 6. Half teaspoon flavoring.

2. One chickekn egg then beaten. 7. One tablespoon sweet soy sauce.
3. One scallion in finely sliced. 8. Three cayenne peppers.
4. Celery one stick and then finely sliced. 9. Two seed shallots.
5. Salt half a teaspon. 10. One garlic seed.

How to Make :

1. Soak the crackers in hot water until fluffy then drain and add a little cooking
oil to prevent it from sticking.
2. Blend chili, onion, garlic, and kencur until smooth.
3. Saute the spices until the aroma smells good.
4. Add sliced leeks and celery, stir well.
5. Add crackers. Stir well again.
6. Add beaten eggs and stir.
7. Add a little water then add salt and seasoning.
8. Stir until the water is reduced or almost evaporated then add soy sauce, stir
until evenly distributed.
9. Pour a finished seblak on a serving plate.
10. finally, you can sprinkle fried onions on top.

22
Question :

1. How much material must be prepared ?

2. Try to mention what onions are used to make this seblak ?
3. After the crackers are soaked with hot water, why should be given a little
cooking oil ?
4. What stage after sauteing the seasoning is done ?
5. What is sprinkled above seblak after seblak finished ?

23
B. Descriptive Text
Korea

South Korea is a country located on the Korean peninsula, East Asia. The
Korean Peninsula which was previously a territory for one country is Korea which
is currently separated into two countries (South Korea and North Korea) due to
civil war. The purpose of this trusteeship is to establish an interim Korean
government which will become "free and independent in due course." South
Korea formed its own country and named it the Republic of Korea (Republic of
Korea) in 1948.

South Korea adheres to the President Republic's governmental system.

Based on the Presidential system adopted by South Korea, the Head of State is
held by a President who is elected by the people based on the results of the
General Election for a term of 5 years and Head pf State is President MOON Jae-
in (since 10 May 2017), replacing former President PARK Geun-hye who was
impeached by the South Korean National Assembly. While the Head of
Government is led by a Prime Minister appointed by the President.

South Korea has a population of 50,924,172 inhabitants whose official

language is Korean. Christianity (Catholicism, Protestantism) and Buddhism are
the majority religions in the country but the majority of the population of South
Korea chooses not to have religion or atheism. South Korea is one of the countries
with the lowest birth rates in the world at around 8.4 babies per 1000 South
Korean population.

Question;

1. Who’s served as president in Korea?

2. Where is the location of the country?
3. How is the government system?
4. What is the official language of Korea?
5. When did Korea officially form it’s own country?
6. Why does South Korea form it’s own country?

24
C. Report Text

Drone

A drone is unmanned aircraft. The term drone, more widely used by the
public, refersto the resemblance of dumb looking navigation and loud and regular
motor sounds to the male be. Drone is also known as unmanned aerial vehicle
(UAV), as an unmanned aircraft system (UAS), or by several other names.

The flights of UAVs may operate with various degrees of autonomy:

either under remote control by a human operator, or fully autonomosly, by
computers. A UAV uses aerodynamic forces to provide lift and can fly
autonomosly or be piloted remotely, it can also be expendable or recoverable, and
can carry a lethal or nonlethal payload.

Question:

1. What is drone?

2. What can be carried by drone?

3. Who can control a drone?

4. How many various degrees of autonomy to operate a drone?

5. What are the drones other names?

25
D. News Item Text
Area Burned in 2019 Forest Fires in Indonesia Exceeds 2018

Raffles Panjaitan, forest fire management acting director at the Forestry

and Environment Ministry, told reporters that by the end of September 2019 a
total of 857,756 hectares (2.12 million acres) had been burned. That is more than
the 529,267 hectares that burned in 2018, according to Indonesian government
data. The fires have consumed the most land since 2015, when government data
showed 2.6 million hectares burned.

The area burned surged from 328,724 hectares that was consumed
between January and August, Panjaitan said, and added that the size of the burned
area is expected to continue expanding this month, although not “as drastic” as
last month’s. “Fire fighting is continued to be carried out, even today the teams
are on the ground working to prevent escalation,” Panjaitan said.

The country has spent months to battle forest fires in Sumatra and
Borneo that have caused thick haze which drifted over neighboring Malaysia and
Singapore. Rain has started falling in some areas on Sumatra which offered some
respite, but Panjaitan does not expect the rainy season to fully arrive until around
mid-November.

Forest and peat fires typically take place in Sumatra and Borneo, often
linked to slash-and-burn practices to clear areas for palm cultivation. However,
Panjaitan warned that there are rising cases of fire in Java island, including in
conservation areas. On Sunday, the country’s disaster mitigation agency said four
hikers were evacuated from Mount Ranti in East Java due to forest fire. “In Java,
the fires are usually unintentional because people who went to hike throw away
cigarette butts carelessly,” Panjaitan said.

Questions:

1. Which countries are affected by Indonesia's forest fires?

2. How many acres had burned in Indonesia forest fire by the end of September?
3. What were the causes of forest fires in Borneo and Sumatra ?
4. What are the lot causes of forest fires in Java ?

26
5. What is the impact of forest fires in Borneo and Sumatra?

27