International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering

Volume 4, Issue 4, 2017

Available online at www.ijiere.com
International Journal of Innovative and Emerging
Research in Engineering
e-ISSN: 2394 - 3343 p-ISSN: 2394 - 5494

TO VERIFY THE MOMENTUM EQUATION BY IMPACT

OF JET APPRATUS ON FLAT PLATE
Ankush Kumar Jain 1a, Amit Singh Kudal2a, Vivek Gupta3b
a
Assistant Professor 1, Department of Struictural Engineering, Poornima University , Jaipur ,India
b
Student 2,Civil Engineering, Poornima University , Jaipur ,India
b b
HOD, Assistant Professor 3, Department of Civil Engineering, Poornima University , Jaipur ,India

ABSTRACT:
The force generated by a jet of water deflected by an impact surface is measured and compared to the
momentum change of the jet. The experimental apparatus consists of a water nozzle, a set of impact surfaces,
a spring scale connected to a balance beam, a flow meter, and plumbing for recirculating the water. The
objective of this experiment to demonstrate and verify the integral momentum equation. In this paper study
shows that the comparison of the force generated by the velocity of jet and the force balance by the mass.
Keywords:integral, momentum, jet, nozzle, mass

I. INTRODUCTION

The momentum equation based on Newton’s 2nd law of motion states that the algebraic sum of external forces applied to
control volume of fluid in any direction equal to the rate of change of momentum in that direction. The external forces
include the component of the weight of the fluid and of the forces exerted externally upon the boundary surface of control
volume. If a vertical water jet moving with velocity ‘V’ made to strike a target (Vane) which is free, to move in vertical
direction, force will be exerted on the target by the impact of jet.

F = ΡQ (VZOUT- VZ IN)

FOR FLAT PLATE, VZ OUT= 0

FZ = ΡQ (0-V)

FZ = ΡQV

FOR HEMISPHERICAL CURVED PLATE, VZ OUT= -V, VZ IN= V FZ = ΡQ [V+ (-V)]

FZ = 2 ΡQV

WHERE Q= DISCHARGE FROM THE NOZZLE (CALCULATED BY VOLUMETRIC METHOD)

V= VELOCITY OF JET = (Q/A)

II. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

The set up primarily consists of a nozzle through which jet emerges vertically in such a way that it may be conveniently
observed through the transparent cylinder. It strikes the target plate or disc positioned above it. An arrangement is made for
the movement of the plate under the action of the jet and also because of the weight placed on the loading pan. A scale is
provided to carry the plate to its original position i.e. as before the jet strikes the plate. A collecting tank is utilized to find
the actual discharge and velocity through nozzle.

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 International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering
Volume 4, Issue 4, 2017

Fig No. 1 Impact of Jet [Ref. No. 7]

Apparatus Required
 Test Plates: Material Brass (2 Nos.)
 1. Flat Plate
 Nozzle : Material Brass
 Stainless Steel Chamber : Having of Opposites sides made of glass
 Flow Measurement : Using Measuring Tank with Piezometer,
 Capacity 40 litres.
 Sump Tank: Capacity 60 litres.
 Stop Watch : Electronic
 Control Panel: On / Off Switch, Mains indicator etc.
 The whole set-up is well designed and arranged in a good quality painted Structure.

III. PROCEDURE

I. NOTE DOWN THE RELEVANT DIMENSIONS AS AREA OF COLLECTING TANK AND DIAMETER OF NOZZLE.

II. WHEN JET IS NOT RUNNING, NOTE DOWN THE POSITION OF UPPER DISC OR PLATE.

III. ADMIT WATER SUPPLY TO THE NOZZLE.

IV. AS THE JET STRIKES THE DISC, THE DISC MOVES UPWARD, NOW PLACE THE WEIGHTS TO BRING BACK THE UPPER
DISC TO ITS ORIGINAL POSITION.

V. AT THIS POSITION FIND OUT THE DISCHARGE AND NOTE DOWN THE WEIGHTS PLACED ABOVE THE DISC.

VI. THE PROCEDURE IS REPEATED FOR DIFFERENT VALUES OF FLOW RATE BY REDUCING THE WATER SUPPLY IN STEPS.

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 International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering
Volume 4, Issue 4, 2017

`FIG: 2 LAB APPRATUS IMPACT OF JET [REF. NO. 8]

V. OBSERVATION

DIAMETER OF NOZZLE (D) = 10 MM

AREA OF THE NOZZLE (A) = ΠD2 /4
MASS DENSITY OF WATER = 1GM/CM3
AREA OF COLLECTING TANK = 1200 CM2

VI. CALCULATION

READING 1
Diameter of Jet=d=1cm
Area of Jet= A = (π/4)*(d2), cm2
=.7854 cm2
Discharge =Q= (v/t)
Where, v= volume
t= time
=432 cm3/sec

Velocity of Jet =V= (Q/A), cm/sec

= 550.03 cm/sec
Thus Force by jet (Fj) exerted on flat plate is given as
Fj= 237737.5796 dyne= 2.37 N

Now, partially force (Fm) is calculated as,

Fm= mass*acceleration due to gravity

= m*a
= 233*981= 228573 dyne= 2.28 N

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Volume 4, Issue 4, 2017

VI. OBSERVATION TABLE

S.No. Discharge Velocity of the Fj Fm Error

(cm3/sec) jet (N) (N)
(cm/sec)
1 432 550.31 2.37 2.29 3.37%
2 540 687.90 3.71 3.43 7.54%
3 696 886.62 6.17 5.40 12.47%
4 720 917.197 8.40 7.13 15.11%

VII. CONCLUSION

THUS, WITH THE RESULTS DISCHARGE INCREASES THE VALUE OF FORCE EXERTED ALSO INCREASES. THE DIAMETER OF
NOZZLE DOESN’T EFFECT ON THE DISCHARGE AND FORCE EXERTED. THE RESULT SHOWS THAT AS THE DISCHARGE
INCREASE THE ERROR BETWEEN THE FORCE VALUES ALSO INCREASE.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We are graceful and would like to express our sincere gratitude to all the researchers who carried their work in this field. I
would also like to thank to entire members of IJIERE for providing me the best platform for successful completion of work
and presenting the research work.

REFERENCES

[1] “Impact of a Jet”byDavid M. SmiadakSchool of EngineeringGrand Valley State UniversityEGR 365 – Fluid
MechanicsInstructor: Dr. M. SözenJune 24, 2008
[2] http://www.tecquipment.com/Fluid-Mechanics/Nozzles-Jets-Vortex/H8.aspx
[3] www.creativelabengineers.com
[4] http://www.studymode.com/essays/Impact-Of-a-Jet-1618798
[5] http://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/Impact-Of-A-Jet-350486
[6] “EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION THE IMPACT OF THE JET ON FLAT PLATE” by
MAYURKUMAR PAWAR1*, PRATIK PAWAR2 , AMOL PAWAR 3 , SANTOSH KATKADE 4.
[7] “Figure of Impact of jet figure”, from www.engr.mun.ca
[8] “Figure of Lab apparatus of impact of jet” from www.shambhaviimpex.com