ELPR 102 - Wordlist - Term 2 - 2020-2021

‫‪ELPR 102 WORDLIST‬‬
‫‪Vocabulary learning can be difficult and confusing for students. Hence, the ELI uses a mix of methods that‬‬
‫‪combines features of both communicative and instructional teaching. While the LIFE textbooks provide the‬‬
‫‪subject knowledge material, our ELI instructors use a number of instructional methods such as vocabulary‬‬
‫‪activities and tasks, along with the direct teaching of new words. To achieve this successfully, the ELI uses‬‬
‫‪ELPR wordlists in its classes. Each ELPR level has a list of the most commonly used, subject-specific words,‬‬
‫‪carefully collected from each unit of the textbook. Each wordlist includes the part of speech, definition, and‬‬
‫‪examples for each listed word. Overall, these wordlists can be very helpful for students, both inside and outside‬‬
‫‪the classroom. They are practical, informative, and easy-to-use.‬‬
‫_______________________________________________________________________________________‬
‫قد يكون تعلم المفردات الجديدة مهمة صعبة ومربكة للكثير من متعلمي اللغة اإلنجليزية‪ .‬لهذا السبب فإن معهد اللغة اإلنجليزية في جامعة جدة‬
‫يقدم أساليب متنوعة لتدريس هذه المفردات بأكثر من طريقة لتتوافق مع طرق تعلُّم الطالب المختلفة‪ .‬فبينما توفر الكتب الدراسية المعتمدة‬
‫"‪ "LIFE‬المادة المعرفية لمختلف المواضيع‪ ،‬يقوم أعضاء هيئة التدريس بمعهد اللغة اإلنجليزية باستخدام طرق تعليم أخرى لتدريس المفردات‬
‫الجديدة منها أنشطة المفردات المتنوعة وتدريس المفردات بشكل مباشر ومفصل‪ .‬لتحقيق هذا الهدف‪ ،‬يقوم معهد اللغة اإلنجليزية باستخدام قائمة‬
‫المفردات داخل الفصول الدراسية لكل المستويات‪ .‬وتحتوي كل قائمة من هذه القوائم على أهم الكلمات الخاصة بالموضوع الذي تتم مناقشته في‬
‫وحدات الكتاب باإلضافة إلى تعريف الكلمة‪ ،‬وأمثلة توضح استخدامها‪ ،‬ونوع الكلمة (اسم‪ ،‬فعل‪ ،‬صفة‪ ...‬إلخ)‪ .‬وتقدم هذه القوائم الكثير من‬
‫المساعدة لمتعلمي اللغة اإلنجليزية سوا ًء داخل الفصل الدراسي أو خارجه فهي عملية وغنية بالمعلومات كما أنها سهلة االستخدام‪.‬‬
UNIVERSITY OF JEDDAH
ENGLISH LANGUAGE INSTITUTE
ELPR 102 WORDLIST

Intermediate
Units 1-12
2020-2021
Term 2
Adapted from Stepenson, H., Hughes, J., Dummett, P. (2019). Life Student s Book | Intermediate.
Retrieved from https://eltngl.com/sites/Life2e/teacher-resources/british-english/intermediate/word-lists
UNIT 1: Culture and identity
(page 9)
Definition: A particular kind of dress is the clothing that is typical or
traditional for a particular country or culture.
dress
1 traditional dress
Noun uncount
Examples: I like the colours of the traditional Native American dress.
All the women wore African dresses.
Definition: If you feed a person or an animal, you give them something to eat.
feed Examples: It costs a lot of money to feed a family of five (a family with five
2
Verb people in it).
She went upstairs to feed the baby.
Definition: The identity of a person or group is all the qualities and beliefs
that they have, which make an individual person different from
identity everyone else or a group different from other groups.
3
Noun a sense of identity | an identity crisis
Examples: Everyone in society contributes equally to a nation’s identity.
I grew up with a strong sense of identity.
1a How we see other cultures (pages 10-11)
Definition: If something influences you, it has an effect on the way you think,
influence behave, or develop.
1
Verb Examples: The city has influenced a number of writers.
A teacher influenced my opinions when I was still at school.
Definition: If you are curious about something, you want to know more about
it.
curious
2 very curious | be curious (to know/hear/learn) about something
Adjective
Examples: The museum has a lot to offer for the curious visitor.
I’m very curious to know what’s inside the suitcase.
Definition: Individual things or people are separate from other things or
individual people and exist as a single person or thing.
3
Adjective Examples: We provide support to each individual child in the school.
Students work at their own individual pace.
Definition: Someone’s behaviour is the way they normally do and say things.
behaviour good / bad behaviour
4
Noun uncount Examples: They changed their behaviour as a result of the experience.
You’ll get extra pocket money for good behaviour.
1b Culture and colour (pages 12–13)
Definition: Someone who is cheerful is happy and pleased.
cheerful
1 Examples: She’s such a cheerful person.
Adjective
I always feel cheerful on Friday – no work tomorrow!
positive Definition: If you are positive about something, you believe you are in a good
2 Adjective situation and that you will succeed, and you do not think about any
bad possibilities.
ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 2

Examples: Everyone who works here has a really positive attitude.
She was always smiling, positive, and hard-working.
Definition: If you are happy, you are very pleased and feel good. The feeling
happiness you have is happiness.
3
Noun uncount Examples: She sometimes thought she would never find happiness.
Being content is the secret of true happiness.
Definition: Bravery is the quality and behaviour involved in doing dangerous
or difficult things without showing fear. Someone who acts in this
bravery way is brave.
4
Noun uncount show/display bravery
Examples: It was an act of great bravery.
They have shown extraordinary bravery and determination.
Definition: If you feel proud of something, you have a feeling of great
satisfaction because you have done something well. This feeling is
pride pride.
5
Noun uncount take pride in (doing) something
Examples: People take pride in what they do here.
She could see the pride in her parents’ faces
Definition: Anger is the feeling you have when you think something is seriously
wrong and you are being badly treated and want to fight back or shout
anger
6 at someone.
Noun uncount
Examples: The longer they kept him waiting, the more his anger grew.
He found it hard to control his anger.
Definition: Power is the ability to have a strong influence on people or events.
People who have this ability are powerful.
power
7 power over someone or something
Noun uncount
Examples: She used her power carefully.
He had a remarkable power over the people who worked for him.
Definition: Your knowledge of something is everything you know about it.
knowledge
8 Examples: She has a detailed knowledge of modern Russian literature.
Noun uncount
My knowledge of physics is very basic.
Definition: A symbol is an object, picture, or shape that is used to represent a
symbol particular idea or feeling in art or literature.
9
Noun Examples: Picasso painted a white dove as a symbol of peace.
The national symbol of England is a lion.
Definition: A jersey is a shirt worn as part of a uniform in sports such as football.
jersey Examples: Froome wore the yellow jersey for the last eight days of the race.
10
Noun I had to wash eleven football jerseys in time for the match on
Sunday.
1c A world together (pages 14-15)
Definition: Globalization is the process by which the world is becoming one
globalization single economy with all countries following the same rules, rather
1
Noun uncount than each country having its own way of doing things.
Examples: Thanks to globalization, you can buy Nike shoes anywhere in the

world.
Some people think that globalization will create more problems
than it solves.
Definition: The market for a particular sort of goods is all the places and
opportunities for selling them.
market
2 Examples: The worldwide market for mobile phones is still growing.
Noun
There’s no market for paper dictionaries anymore – everyone goes
online.
Definition: Your view of something is what you think about it and your
view opinion of it in someone’s view.
3
Noun Examples: In my view (I think) you should take the job.
He had a very pessimistic view of things after his illness.
Definition: If you say that something is the in-thing, you mean it has suddenly
become very fashionable and will probably go out of fashion just
in-thing
4 as quickly.
Noun
Examples: Japanese food is the latest in-thing in Europe.
Long hair was the in-thing when I was 16.
Definition: Henna is a red- or brown-coloured substance that is used to colour
henna people’s hair or for putting patterns onto their skin.
5
Noun uncount Examples: I bought a bottle of henna shampoo yesterday.
She painted her hands and nails with henna.
Definition: Goods are products that are made to be sold in shops.
goods
6 Examples: It’s cheaper to buy electronic goods online.
Noun plural
Buying and selling goods in different countries is not a new activity.
Definition: Mutton is the meat that you get from an adult sheep.
mutton
7 Examples: We had roast mutton with potatoes and carrots on Eid.
Noun uncount
Mutton has a much stronger taste than beef.
Definition: The values of a particular culture are the ways of behaving and
traditions that are considered to be important and worth keeping.
values
8 Examples: We share the same values as them, even though we don’t live in the
Noun plural
same country.
These are the values I learned in my childhood.
1d First impressions / 1e About us (pages 16-17)
Definition: If something or someone gives you a particular impression, they
make you have a particular feeling about them or form a particular
opinion about them.
impression get an impression (about something) | give someone an impression
1
Noun make an impression | a first/initial impression | a wrong/false
impression | a good/bad impression
Examples: You need to make a good impression in the interview.
I don’t want to give you the wrong impression.
Definition: Someone who is courteous behaves very politely and respectfully
courteous towards other people.
2
Adjective Examples: She remained courteous throughout our meeting.
A courteous gentleman helped me with my suitcase.

Definition: If you are punctual, you arrive somewhere at the right time and
punctual are not late.
3
Adjective Examples: You need to be punctual for your interview.
I like the punctual trains in Japan.
Definition: If you check out something you look at it or try it to see what it is
check out like and decide what you think about it.
4
Phrasal verb Examples: You should check out our new website – it’s really cool.
We’re going to check out the new restaurant at the weekend.
Definition: Pleasure is happiness you get from doing something that you
enjoy. Pleasure is also used in some phrases, such as it’s a
pleasure to meet you, which you say to be polite the first time you
pleasure
5 meet someone, or it’s my pleasure, which is a polite way of
Noun
replying to someone who has thanked you for something.
Examples: The pleasure of gardening was her latest discovery.
We had the pleasure of going to two weddings last month.
Definition: If you stay in touch with someone, you regularly talk to them by
phone or exchange emails or text messages after you no longer live
stay in touch near each other and can’t meet in person often.
6
Phrase Examples: We stayed in touch after Ahmed moved to Riyadh.
We didn’t stay in touch when she left London and I don’t know
where she’s living now.
Definition: A field is a particular kind of activity.
field
7 Examples: Maths is a very broad field of study.
Noun
Jeff wanted to enter the engineering field.
Definition: If you work closely with someone, you work together and
closely communicate with each other the whole time.
8
Adverb Examples: We work closely with small hotels in twelve different countries.
The two companies have been closely linked for five years.
UNIT 2: Performing
(page 21)
Definition: The audience is the group of people who watch or listen to a
audience performance, programme or speech or attract an audience
1
Noun Examples: I’ve performed in front of an audience of 5,000 people.
The president spoke to an audience of young people.
Definition: The director of a play or film is the person who tells the actors,
director camera operators, lighting people etc., what to do.
2
Noun Examples: Several Hollywood directors came to the dinner.
After 20 years as an actor, he switched to being a director.
Definition: A choreographer is someone whose job is to plan the steps and
movements that dancers take in a particular dance and give them
choreographer
3 instructions about how to perform them.
Noun
Examples: She’s a choreographer for the Royal Ballet.
He’s been a dancer, choreographer and director over the years.

Definition: A conductor is someone who stands in front of musicians or
singers and directs the way they play or sing.
conductor Examples: He’s been the conductor of the National Youth Orchestra for the
4
Noun last ten years.
She stopped playing violin in the orchestra and trained to become a
conductor.
Definition: A musician is someone who plays a musical instrument.
musician Examples: The musicians played beautifully.
5
Noun The band has five musicians who’d started playing together at
school.
Definition: A play is a story that is performed on stage in front of an audience
by actors who speak the words of the people who are in the story and
play
6 who behave as if they are them.
Noun
Examples: We went to the theatre and saw an amazing play.
She has written three plays for radio.
Definition: A concert is an event in which musicians play music in front of an
concert audience.
7
Noun Examples: A lot of people are travelling to Wembley for the big concert.
I’m going to a concert on Saturday.
Definition: A musical is a play or film in which the actors sing a lot as well as
musical talk.
8
Noun Examples: We went to see a musical last night.
There are always lots of musicals in London.
Definition: A show is a performance in a theatre.
show
9 Examples: We’re going to a show tonight.
Noun
Did you enjoy the show?
Definition: An act is a short performance by a singer, magician, comedian etc.
act that is part of a show in a theatre or on TV.
10
Noun Examples: His act lasted 20 minutes.
Did you see her act last night?
Definition: A comedian is someone who stands on a stage or appears on TV
comedian and tells jokes to entertain an audience.
11
Noun Examples: He was described as a comedian, not an actor.
The show featured three comedians and two singers.
Definition: An entertainer is someone such as a singer, dancer, comedian,
etc., who performs in front of an audience.
entertainer
12 Examples: He tried to earn some money as a street entertainer (performing in
Noun
the street).
She is a great entertainer and a great singer.
Definition: A magician is an entertainer who performs tricks, doing things that
seem impossible as if using the special powers of magic.
magician
13 Examples: The last act in the show was a magician who cut his assistant in
Noun
half.
Magicians are not allowed to explain how they do their tricks.

Definition: A choir is an organized group of singers who perform together at
choir concerts or just for pleasure.
14
Noun Examples: I’ve been a member of the choir for 20 years.
They asked her to join the choir.
Definition: An orchestra is a large group of musicians who perform concerts,
orchestra especially classical music.
15
Noun Examples: The orchestra went on a trip to Austria.
I’m a member of the school orchestra.
Definition: Ballet is an entertainment in which dancers tell a story through
ballet dance and music but not words.
16
Noun uncount Examples: I fell asleep during the ballet performance.
Do you prefer ballet or opera?
Definition: A clown is a performer in a circus who tries to make people laugh
by behaving in a silly way and wearing silly clothes and a lot of
clown
17 makeup.
Noun
Examples: The clowns pretended to throw a bucket of water over us.
Two of the clowns kept falling over the whole time.
Definition: A drama is a play for the theatre or television.
drama
18 Examples: Some dramas deal with current issues such as AIDS.
Noun
Have you seen the drama about the Second World War.
Definition: An amateur is someone who takes part in an activity for fun and
not as a job or for money.
amateur
19 Examples: They were all amateurs who just sing in their free time.
Noun
He played golf as an amateur until he was 22, then he turned a
professional.
Definition: Opera is an entertainment in which performers act out a play by
Opera singing rather than speaking.
20
Noun Examples: We try and go to the opera at least twice a year.
Opera tickets are really expensive.
Definition: The standard of something is its level of quality.
Standard
21 Examples: The standard of food in the restaurant was excellent.
Noun
His writing was not up to standard (not of an acceptable quality).
2a Music today (pages 22-23)
Definition: If a song, tune, or phrase is catchy, you like it when you first hear
catchy it and remember it easily.
1
Adjective Examples: The show is full of catchy songs.
The album had a couple of catchy tunes on it.
Definition: When you are cheerful you are noticeably happy and act optimistic.
cheerful
2 Examples: She was very cheerful when she walked into the office.
Adjective
The storyteller had a cheerful voice.
Definition: Lively means full of life, energy, enthusiasm, or people enjoying
lively themselves.
3
Adjective Examples: It’s a very lively area.
The school has a lively atmosphere.

Definition: Something that is repetitive happens again and again, often in a
repetitive very boring way.
4
Adjective Examples: Working in the factory involved doing a series of repetitive tasks.
His poetry was repetitive and boring.
Definition: Music that is tuneless is not pleasant to listen to because it does
tuneless not have a nice combination of musical notes.
5
Adjective Examples: The songs were rather tuneless, in my view.
Her tuneless singing was really annoying.
Definition: Streaming is the activity of bringing music or video directly onto a
computer or other digital devices from the internet and watching or
streaming
6 listening to it as it arrives, without having to store the data.
Noun uncount
Examples: There are interesting music streaming services like Spotify.
Online video streaming is very popular nowadays.
Definition: A wide range of things is a lot of different sorts.
wide
7 Examples: You’ll get a much wider choice online.
Adjective
They discussed a wide range of suggestions.
Definition: If you release a film, book, game, song, etc., you make it available
release for people to see or buy for the first time.
8
Verb Examples: The band have just released their third album.
Singers now release their music online.
Definition: A download is music, video, or other material that you have got
download from the internet and put on your computer.
9
Noun Examples: We have to pay for our video downloads.
Software updates are provided as free downloads.
2b Learning to dance (pages 24-25)
Definition: If you are in a particular mood, that is the way you are feeling. For
example, if you are in a good mood, you are happy and feel good;
if you are in a bad mood, you feel bad and become angry very
mood
1 easily.
Noun
be in a good / bad mood | be in no mood to do something
Examples: She looks like she’s in a good mood today.
She’s been in a bad mood all day.
Definition: If you feel like doing something, you want to do it now.
feel like
2 Examples: That song makes me feel like crying.
Phrase
I feel like a walk (I want to go for a walk).
Definition: If you cheer up, you start to feel happier. If you cheer someone
cheer up up, you do something to make them feel happier.
3
Phrasal verb Examples: Cheer up – it’s not that bad.
I bought her some flowers to cheer her up.
Definition: If you are stressed, or stressed out, you are very worried about
stressed (out) something and cannot relax.
4 Examples: You look stressed out – why don’t you have a day off?
Adjective
I’m feeling very stressed about the new project.

Definition: If you have an injury, a part of your body has been hurt and needs
time to recover.
injury
5 suffer an injury
Noun
Examples: My injuries ended my career as a footballer.
She suffered a serious injury in the accident.
Definition: A speech is a talk that someone gives to an audience at an important
event.
speech
6 give / make a speech | deliver a speech
Noun
Examples: My dad gave a speech at my wedding.
The president’s speech was shown on television.
Definition: A joke is a very short story, or something that someone says, that
is funny and makes people laugh.
joke
7 tell a joke | make jokes
Noun
Examples: My uncle’s really good at telling jokes.
Do you know any funny jokes?
2c Living statues (pages 26-27)
Definition: A statue is a large copy of a person or animal made of wood,
statue metal, or stone.
1
Noun Examples: There’s a statue of Dick Whittington outside the hospital.
The Statue of Liberty is 46m high.
Definition: To illustrate something means to create an explanation of it or
illustrate show what it is like using only visual methods, for example by
2 Verb having pictures in a story book.
Examples: A group of actors stood in positions to illustrate a scene.
This chart illustrates the rise in wages since 1978.
Definition: A resident is someone who lives in a place.
resident A local resident
3
Noun Examples: The other residents were very kind to us when we first arrived.
Residents of California have to pay a sales tax.
Definition: The pavement is the slightly raised area at the side of a street
where people can walk and where cars are not allowed.
pavement
4 Examples: I never park on the pavement.
Noun
We had a coffee at a pavement café (a café with tables outside on
the pavement).
Definition: If someone begs, they stop people in the street and ask them for
beg money.
5
Verb Examples: Most of these people are begging, not working.
She managed to beg enough money for a bowl of soup.
Definition: A costume is a special set of clothes that people wear for a
costume particular occasion or event, such as a parade or street festival.
6
Noun Examples: We all dressed up in a costume for the parade.
She was wearing a very colourful costume.
Definition: A donation is money someone gives to help or support a charity or
donation
7 other organization such as a museum.
Noun
make a donation | a generous donation

Examples: We’ve received some very generous donations.
These donations have helped the theatre stay open.
Definition: A sight is something you can see easily in a public place, such as a
sight famous building or the guards at Buckingham Palace.
8
Noun Examples: We spent the afternoon looking at the sights of Paris.
Red buses and black taxis are a common sight all over London.
Definition: A licence is an official document that gives you permission to do
something.
licence
9 a driving licence
Noun
Examples: Musicians need a licence to play music on the street.
You must have a full driving licence to hire a car.
Definition: Makeup is different coloured stuff such as lipstick or powder that
some people put on their faces to make themselves more
makeup
10 attractive.
Noun
Examples: Don’t forget to take your makeup off before you go to bed.
My mother hated wearing makeup.
Definition: A selfie is a photo that you take of yourself using your mobile
phone, often to show you are in an interesting place or with an
selfie
11 interesting person.
Noun
Examples: I got a selfie with Andy Murray!
I’ll send you a selfie when I get to Red Square.
Definition: To reward something or someone means to do something in return
reward for payment or as a way of showing thanks.
12
Verb Examples: Her hard work was rewarded with good exam results.
He was rewarded with the title Lord Lloyd Webber.
Definition: If you have an aching body, you have a pain somewhere that is not
aching serious but lasts a long time.
13
Adjective Examples: I need to rest my aching body.
My aching leg muscles kept me awake.
2d What’s on? / 2e Portrait of an artist (pages 28-29)
Definition: A marathon is a running race over a distance of more than 26
miles (42 kilometres). You can refer to any event, activity, or
marathon process that takes a long time as a marathon.
1
Noun Examples: He organized a kind of comedy marathon for children.
It was quite a marathon painting the whole of the outside of the
house at the weekend.
Definition: If you fancy something, or fancy doing something, you think you
would like it or like to do it.
fancy
2 fancy doing something
Verb
Examples: I’ve always fancied going to Albania.
Do you fancy a coffee?
Definition: If something appeals to you, you think it is interesting and want to
appeal know more about it or get more involved in it.
3
Verb appeal to someone
Examples: These are a range of books designed to appeal to children up to the

age of 10.
What appealed to us about him was his sense of humour.
Definition: Something that is fascinating is very interesting.
fascinating Examples: I found her story absolutely fascinating.
4
Adjective The Haram in Mecca is one of the most fascinating places I’ve ever
visited.
Definition: Something that is marvellous is very enjoyable or is impressively
marvellous good.
5
Adjective Examples: We had a marvellous time on holiday in Taif.
The view from the hotel window was absolutely marvellous.
Definition: If something is spectacular, it is extremely impressive to look at or
watch.
spectacular absolutely/truly spectacular | spectacular scenery |
6
Adjective a spectacular view
Examples: The dancing was absolutely spectacular.
We had a spectacular view of the mountains.
Definition: Something that is terrible is very bad.
terrible
7 Examples: He made a terrible mess in the kitchen.
Adjective
I made a terrible mistake.
Definition: Something that is terrific is very impressive and very enjoyable.
terrific
8 Examples: They have a terrific website.
Adjective
It was a terrific match which ended 4–3 to Barcelona.
Definition: Something that is thrilling is extremely exciting.
thrilling
9 Examples: The movie is a thrilling adventure set in the 23rd century.
Adjective
Meeting Majed Ahmed Abdullah was thrilling.
Definition: Something that is unforgettable is so good or bad or interesting or
unforgettable exciting that you think you will never forget it.
10
Adjective Examples: The boat trip was an unforgettable experience.
The view from the top of the mountain was unforgettable.
Definition: Something that is dull is not interesting or exciting but boring.
dull
11 Examples: The job’s a bit dull but the pay is good.
Adjective
I started studying law, but it was so dull.
Definition: Something that is entertaining is interesting and gives people
entertaining pleasure, like a good film or book.
12
Adjective Examples: He tried to make his lessons entertaining.
He had an entertaining evening at the theatre.
Definition: You use although to introduce information that is slightly different
from what you have just said or are about to say.
although Examples: Although he is more famous as a film director, he has also directed
13
Conjunction opera.
Although he was very successful as a writer, his first novel did not
sell well.
consequently Definition: You use consequently to introduce a statement about something
14
Adverb that happens or exists as a result of what has just been said.

Examples: Temperatures rose, and consequently the ice started melting.
He lost his job in February and consequently had to cancel the
holiday he’d booked for that summer.
Definition: You use despite to introduce a statement that seems to contradict
what you have just said.
despite
15 Examples: He got a job as a swimming teacher despite the fact that he can’t
Preposition
swim.
Despite arriving late for the interview, she got the job.
Definition: A Verse is the writing that has a regular rhythm in poetry.
verse in verse
16
Noun uncount Examples: The play is written in verse.
Pope’s Essay on Man is written in rhyming verse.
Definition: You use on the other hand to introduce information that makes a
contrast with what has just been said.
on the other hand Examples: She was very tidy but her brother; on the other hand, hardly ever
17
Phrase tidied up his bedroom.
I’d like to eat out, but on the other hand I should be trying to save
money.
Definition: You use nevertheless to introduce a statement that is surprising
because of what has been said before it.
nevertheless
18 Examples: She was ill for a week before the Olympics but nevertheless
Adverb
managed to win a bronze medal.
The film was nevertheless a great success.
UNIT 3: Water
(page 33)
Definition: A thrill is a feeling of great excitement or fear that you get, for
example when doing something different or dangerous.
thrill
1 experience or feel a thrill | a thrill of something
Noun
Examples: Seeing Niagara Falls was the greatest thrill of the holiday.
Experience the thrill of flying your own plane.
Definition: Diving is the activity of swimming deep below the surface of the
sea, usually wearing special equipment so that you can breathe
diving
2 while you are under the water for a long time.
Noun uncount
Examples: She’s a trained instructor for diving.
I tried diving on holiday last year, but I didn’t like it.
Definition: Jet-skiing is the activity of moving very fast on the sea or a lake
using a machine with an engine that looks a little bit like a
jet-skiing
3 motorbike.
Noun uncount
Examples: I prefer sunbathing to jet-skiing.
I tried jet-skiing, but I kept falling off.
Definition: Kayaking is the activity or sport of using a kayak (a boat like a
kayaking canoe that you use with a single paddle).
4 Examples: Kayaking is more relaxing than jet-skiing.
Noun uncount
Kayaking is easy to do even if you have no experience.

Definition: Rafting is the activity of sailing down a river on a raft (a platform
that floats, made from pieces of wood or other material that are
rafting tied together).
5
Noun uncount Examples: I was too scared to try white-water rafting (rafting down a very
fast flowing river).
We spent the afternoon river rafting.
Definition: Rowing is the activity or sport of moving a small boat through the
rowing water using oars (poles with a flat blade at the end).
6
Noun uncount Examples: I gave up football and took up rowing.
My sister learned rowing last year.
Definition: Snorkelling is the activity of swimming just below the surface of
the water, using a pipe that sticks out above the water so that you
snorkelling
7 can breathe in air.
Noun uncount
Examples: That beach is a popular spot for snorkelling.
Last summer, we tried rafting, windsurfing, and snorkelling.
Definition: Water-skiing is the activity or sport of being pulled across water
by a boat, with two long blades (water-skis) attached to your feet so
water-skiing
8 that you are standing upright while moving.
Noun uncount
Examples: Water-skiing is very difficult if you haven’t done it before.
It’s a great lake for water-skiing.
Definition: Windsurfing is the activity or sport of moving across water while
windsurfing standing on a board that has a sail attached to it.
9
Noun uncount Examples: The weather was too calm to go windsurfing.
She went water-skiing while her brother went windsurfing.
Definition: A stream is a small river.
stream
10 Examples: The stream was too shallow for us to go swimming.
Noun
After the rain, the stream was flowing very fast.
Definition: A waterfall is a place where a stream or river comes over the edge
waterfall of a cliff or rock and falls downward through the air.
11
Noun Examples: They walked for nearly two miles to see the waterfall.
Tourists come to the waterfall every day during the summer.
3a The story behind the photo (pages 34-35)
Definition: The white-water section of a river is where the water runs very
fast and the bottom is uneven, making a sort of white foam on the
white-water
1 surface of the water.
Noun uncount
Examples: The experience of rafting in white-water was exciting.
Rafters went past the white-water very fast.
Definition: Rapids are a section of a river where the water flows very fast and
rapids very roughly, making it difficult and dangerous to sail down it.
2
Noun plural Examples: These rapids are too dangerous for inexperienced rafters.
He nearly drowned in the rapids.
Definition: The banks of a river are the areas of land along either side of it.
bank
3 Examples: I live near the river and walk for miles along the banks.
Noun
Their house is on the south bank of the river.

Definition: If someone is missing, they are not where they should be and no
one knows where they are.
missing
4 go missing
Adjective
Examples: The missing boy’s picture was all over the news.
Police are looking for a missing person who left home last Tuesday.
Definition: A sea snake is a poisonous snake that lives in water in warm areas.
sea snake
5 Examples: There are no sea snakes in the Atlantic.
Noun
Sea snakes feed mostly on fish and their eggs.
3b Return to Titanic (pages 36-37)
Definition: A wreck is what is left of a ship after it has sunk to the bottom of
wreck the sea.
1
Noun Examples: They found the wreck of a battleship that sank in 1942.
The wreck is lying in 34 metres of water near the coast of Greece.
Definition: Debris is the broken pieces of something that remain after it has
debris been destroyed somehow.
2
Noun Examples: There was debris all over the road.
Mud and debris flowed through the village after the storm.
Definition: The seabed is the land at the bottom of the sea, under the water.
seabed
3 Examples: The wreck had been lying for over 40 years on the seabed.
Noun
There are some interesting creatures living on the seabed.
Definition: An iceberg is a very large lump of ice floating in the sea, some of
which is visible above the surface of the sea but most of which is
iceberg
4 under the surface.
Noun
Examples: The ship collided with an iceberg and sank.
We could see the tip of an iceberg about three miles away.
Definition: A submarine is a kind of ship that can travel underneath the
submarine surface of the sea.
5
Noun Examples: Two submarines disappeared in the 1960s.
A submarine can stay underwater for weeks at a time.
Definition: The remains of someone or something are all that is left of them
remains after they have died or been destroyed.
6 Noun plural the remains of someone /something | human /animal remains
Examples: I’d asked people to treat Titanic’s remains with respect.
There were traces of human remains in the cellar.
Definition: A yacht is a boat, either with sails or a motor, used for racing or for
yacht leisure.
7
Noun Examples: A yacht was found floating in the middle of the ocean.
They spent all summer on a yacht in the Mediterranean.
3c Love and death in the sea (pages 38-39)
Definition: If your heart races, it beats much faster than normal because you
race
are excited or afraid.
1 Verb
Examples: I tried to stay calm, but my heart was racing.
My heart races when I think about what happened.

Definition: If a bad situation or a mistake is your fault, you are responsible for
fault causing it. When this happens, you can also say that you are at
2 Noun fault.
Examples: It was my own fault – I didn’t check the time before I set off.
It was an unfortunate accident, but the school was not at fault.
Definition: If you swallow something, you make it go down from your mouth
swallow
into your stomach.
3 Verb
Examples: I can’t swallow this pill.
My throat hurts when I swallow.
Definition: If you bodysurf, you try and lie on waves to move through the sea,
bodysurf
using your body as a sort of surfboard.
4 Verb
Examples: I tried to bodysurf one wave to the shore but went under the water.
He learned to bodysurf in Cornwall last year.
Definition: When you crawl, you move along the ground on your hands and
crawl
knees, or you move along very slowly.
5 Verb
Examples: He crawled out of the water onto the beach.
Babies learn to crawl at about six months old.
Definition: If a part of your body is sore, it is painful and uncomfortable.
sore a sore throat
6
Adjective Examples: I’ve got a blocked nose and a horrible sore throat.
Your eyes may feel dry and sore.
3d No way! / 3e What a weekend! (pages 40-41)
Definition: A sink is an open container in a kitchen or bathroom that you can
fill with water and use for washing things.
sink
1 a kitchen / bathroom sink
Noun
Examples: The kitchen sink was very dirty.
The cloth is in the cupboard under the sink.
Definition: A tank is a container, usually made of glass or clear plastic, that
you fill with water so that you can keep fish in it.
tank
2 a fish tank
Noun
Examples: The fish had jumped out of the tank.
I hate cleaning the fish tank.
Definition: if you do the dishes, you wash and dry the plates, cups, bowls,
do the dishes etc., that you have just used during a meal.
3
Phrase Examples: I’ll do the dishes after we’ve watched the film.
Let’s do the dishes before we go out.
Definition: A lid is a cover for a container.
lid put a lid on something
4
Noun Examples: Put a lid on the pan.
Keep the lid on while the potatoes are cooking.
Definition: If you race somewhere, you go there very fast.
race
5 Examples: The kids raced along the street.
Verb
The rabbit raced across the road.
exhausted Definition: If you are exhausted, you are very tired.
6
Adjective Examples: I was exhausted by the time we got home.

Sit down – you must be exhausted.
Definition: If the weather is boiling, or boiling hot, it is very hot. You can say
boiling you are boiling or boiling hot when you are very hot.
7
Adjective Examples: They said it’s going to be boiling hot all week.
I’m boiling – can you open the window?
Definition: If you wander somewhere, you walk there casually, without any
wander real purpose.
8
Verb Examples: I wandered along the beach, enjoying the silence
We wandered through the old town.
Definition: If someone collapses, they suddenly fall down or lie down because
they are very tired or ill.
collapse
9 Examples: At the end of the game, we all collapsed on the sand.
Verb
He said he was all right, but he collapsed ten minutes later and had
to go to hospital.
Definition: If it is pouring, it is raining very hard. You can also say that it’s
pour pouring with rain, or that the rain is pouring down.
10
Verb Examples: It was pouring outside so we stayed in all afternoon.
Rain poured down all night.
Definition: If you grab something, you take hold of it quickly and roughly.
grab
11 Examples: Grab your things and let’s go.
Verb
She grabbed hold of the branch to stop herself from falling.
Definition: A bay is a section of the edge of the sea where the land curves
bay inwards so that the sea has land on three sides of it.
12
Noun Examples: The town was built by the edge of a bay.
We sailed into the bay to shelter from the wind.
Definition: If a place or object is packed, it is very full of people or things.
packed
13 Examples: It was a hot day, and the beach was packed.
Adjective
The train was so packed that I couldn’t sit down.
Definition: If you stare at something or someone, you look at them for a long
time and with a lot of concentration.
stare
14 stare at someone or something
Verb
Examples: Everyone was staring out to sea.
They have to stare at a computer all day.
Definition: The cargo of a ship, plane, lorry, etc., is all the goods that it is
cargo transporting somewhere.
15
Noun Examples: The ship lost its cargo during the storm.
The plane carried a cargo of flour and rice.
Definition: If you clutch something, you hold it with a very firm grip.
clutch
16 Examples: She clutched tightly to the handle of the suitcase.
Verb
He arrived at the door clutching a bunch of flowers.
Definition: Odd shoes, socks, etc., are a pair of them consisting of two items
odd that do not match, instead of two that are the same.
17
Adjective Examples: He went to school wearing odd socks.
I got dressed in the dark and didn’t realize I put on odd shoes.

UNIT 4: Opportunities
(page 45)
Definition: If a job is badly paid, the people who do it do not earn a lot of
badly paid money from it.
1
Adjective Examples: I worked in a store, but I was badly paid, so I changed my job.
The work was boring and badly paid.
Definition: Something that is challenging makes you work very hard or think
challenging very hard in order to succeed at it.
2
Adjective Examples: The course will be challenging, but worthwhile.
Yoga can be a physically challenging activity.
Definition: Something that is dirty has dirt or dust on it and is not clean. A job
dirty or task that is dirty is one that will make you dirty as you do it.
3
Adjective Examples: Wear a dark shirt because it will get dirty.
Some of the jobs on the farm are dirty and smelly.
Definition: A responsible job is one that means you have to take important
responsible decisions and be in charge of other people.
4
Adjective Examples: She was very young to have such a responsible job.
He was promoted to a very responsible position in the company.
Definition: Something that is stressful makes you very worried and stops you
stressful being able to relax.
5
Adjective Examples: I had a stressful day at work.
The job interview was very stressful.
Definition: If a job is well-paid, the people who do it earn a lot of money from
well-paid it.
6
Adjective Examples: Teaching in England has never been a well-paid job.
Graduates in this field tend to be well paid.
4a Will a robot take your place? (pages 46-47)
Definition: If something is likely, it will probably happen.
likely be likely to do something
1
Adjective Examples: It’s likely that she will go to university next year.
It’s likely to rain this afternoon.
Definition: A driverless car, train, or other vehicle is one that follows a route
driverless automatically and does not have a person controlling it all the time.
2
Adjective Examples: Two people were hit and injured by a driverless car.
The future of driverless vehicles will be very interesting.
Definition: If you fold a piece of paper or cloth, you bend it so that one part of
it covers the other. If you fold something up, you fold it so that it
fold
3 becomes smaller and easier to carry.
Verb
Examples: He folded the shirt and put in a drawer.
He folded up the newspaper and put it back in his briefcase.
Definition: If you describe someone as elderly, you are saying in a polite way
elderly that they are old. The elderly are people who are old.
4
Adjective Examples: An elderly lady sat down next to me on the bus.
Our neighbours are an elderly couple.

4b What’s next (pages 48-49)
Definition: If you apply for something such as a place at a college or
university, or a job, you write to say that you want to have it.
apply
1 apply for something | apply to somewhere
Verb
Examples: She applied to Oxford University.
You should start applying for jobs before you leave university.
Definition: An apprentice is someone who learns how to do a skilled job by
apprentice working for someone who teaches them.
2
Noun Examples: She spent a year as an apprentice engineer in a company.
We have three apprentices working for us at the moment.
Definition: A degree is the qualification you get if you pass the exams after
following a course of study at a university.
degree
3 get a degree | do a degree
Noun
Examples: I’m the first person in my family to get a degree.
I did a degree in Spanish.
Definition: When you graduate, you leave university having successfully
passed the final exams and with a degree.
graduate
4 graduate from somewhere
Verb
Examples: She graduated with a degree in History and Economics.
I graduated from the University of Jeddah in 2009.
Definition: If you retake a course or an exam, you take it for a second time
retake because you failed it the first time.
5
Verb Examples: I had to retake my final exams.
You have to retake the exam within 18 months.
Definition: If you reapply for something, you apply for it again because you
reapply did not succeed the first time.
6
Verb Examples: Unsuccessful candidates have to wait before reapplying.
I’m going to reapply for a grant to do research.
Definition: If you redo something, you do it again, often because your first
redo attempt was not very successful.
7
Verb Examples: We redid the decoration in the living room.
She had to redo her first year at college.
Definition: If you retrain, you learn new skills, either because you need these
new skills for your current job or because you want to work in a
retrain different field.
8
Verb retrain as something
Examples: He taught in a school for six years before retraining as a lawyer.
Doctors have to retrain every few years.
Definition: If you reread something, you read it again.
reread
9 Examples: He read the letter, then reread it to make sure he understood it.
Verb
I decided to reread this book for the first time since I was at school.
Definition: If you rewrite something, you write it again and try to do it better
rewrite the second time.
10
Verb Examples: My essay was so bad I had to rewrite it.
The book was rewritten and republished ten years later.

Definition: An entrance exam is an exam that students take and have to pass
in order to be allowed to study at a particular school or college or
entrance exam university.
11
Noun sit an entrance exam
Examples: Most private schools want you to take an entrance exam.
She failed the entrance exam and decided to join the army instead.
Definition: A step is one part of a process that needs several things to happen,
one after the other.
step
12 step by step | take (a) step(s)
Noun
Examples: His next step was to hire an office manager.
He took steps to improve the department’s finances.
4c A better life (pages 50-51)
Definition: The hours you work are the amount of time you spend at work. If
you work long hours; you have to spend a long time at work every
long hours
1 day.
Noun plural
Examples: I worked long hours in my previous job.
We all worked long hours last week to try and finish the project.
Definition: Paid holiday is the time when you do not have to work but are still
paid by your employer. In most jobs, workers are allowed a certain
paid holiday
2 number of days paid holiday every year.
Noun
Examples: We get 4 weeks paid holiday a year.
I’m self-employed, so I don’t get any paid holidays.
Definition: If you get a pay rise, your employer increases the amount of money
pay rise you are paid.
3
Noun Examples: After 12 months in the job, you will get a 2% pay rise.
My manager refused to give me a pay rise.
Definition: Your salary is the money that you receive each month for doing
your job. If you are paid every week, you usually refer to your
salary wages.
4
Noun a monthly salary | an annual salary
Examples: I want a job with a good salary.
They’re asking for an increase in their basic salary.
Definition: Flexitime is an arrangement that allows workers to start work or
finish work at different times, while always doing the same number
flexitime of hours each week, rather than to start and finish at the same time
5
Noun uncount every day.
Examples: Employees can choose to work flexitime if they want.
They introduced flexitime at my office last year.
Definition: Promotion within an organization is an official change in job to a
promotion better, more important, and better-paid job.
6
Noun Examples: There are plenty of opportunities for promotion if you work hard.
If I get a promotion, I’ll be able to buy a new car.
Definition: Overtime is extra work that you do outside normal working hours,
overtime
7 for which you get paid more than the normal rate of pay.
Noun uncount
Examples: She did six hours overtime last week.

I’ll do five hours overtime a week because I need the money.
Definition: A pension is money that a government or company pays to
someone regularly when they do not work anymore because they are
old.
pension
8 a state pension | a private pension | draw a pension | a pension
Noun
scheme
Examples: I’ll receive a small pension when I retire.
Everyone gets a pension from the government in my country.
Definition: When workers clock on, they record the time they arrive at work.
At the end of the working day, they clock off so that their employer
clock on
9 can check how many hours they have worked.
Phrasal verb
Examples: We clock on and off by putting a card into a machine by the gate.
If you clock on late, you have to see the manager.
Definition: If you get a discount, you are allowed to pay a smaller amount of
money than normal for something.
discount
10 a discount on something
Noun
Examples: We get a discount on all company products.
Students get a 10% discount in this café.
Definition: A bonus is extra money you get from your employer because you
have worked hard or done well.
bonus
11 an annual bonus
Noun
Examples: He gets a big bonus every year on top of his salary.
She gets a good salary plus a generous annual bonus.
Definition: If you have a part-time job, you work for some of the time, but not
part-time all the time.
12
Adjective Examples: I had to take a part-time job when I was a student.
The company employs a lot of part-time staff.
Definition: Your wages/wage, is the amount of money you are pad for your
job, especially if you are paid every week. If you are paid every
wage month, you usually talk about your salary.
13
Noun an hourly/daily/weekly wage
Examples: The minimum wage five years ago was £5.73 an hour.
My first job paid an hourly wage of £3.50.
Definition: A cellphone is what Americans call a mobile phone, a phone that
cellphone you can carry with you wherever you go.
14
Noun Examples: The battery in my cellphone is 15%.
Please turn your cellphones off before the performance begins.
Definition: A prepaid phonecard is a card that you can use instead of money
prepaid
to pay for using a public telephone.
15 phonecard
Examples: Workers are given prepaid phonecards to talk to their families.
Noun
This prepaid phonecard lets you talk for 30 minutes.
Definition: You use urban to refer to places, people, or situations in towns or
urban cities rather than in the countryside.
16 Examples: By 2030, the urban population of China will be 60%.
Adjective
I grew up in a very urban, industrial environment.

Definition: Typing is the activity of writing words onto paper or onto a
typing computer screen by using a keyboard.
17
Noun uncount Examples: My typing skills are not very good.
Excellent typing and editing skills are necessary for this job.
4d Would you mind…? / 4e I enclose my CV (pages 52-53)
Definition: The benefits of a job are some of the things that your employer
gives you, such as paid holidays, discount on the company’s
benefit
1 products, private medical insurance, etc.
Noun
Examples: The job comes with a lot of benefits.
The company had to cut back on the benefits it provided.
Definition: A database is a large amount of information stored in a computer
and organized so that it is possible to find detailed information very
database
2 easily.
Noun
Examples: She learned how to search the database.
You need a password to open the database.
Definition: Someone who is conscientious always makes sure they do their
conscientious job very thoroughly and very well.
3
Adjective Examples: If you are more conscientious, you won’t make any mistakes.
She was a clever, conscientious student.
Definition: A creative person is able to use their imagination well to think of
new and interesting things. Their ideas and actions can also be
creative
4 called creative.
Adjective
Examples: She had loads of creative ideas for a new app.
We need a bit of creative thinking to solve this problem.
Definition: Someone who is energetic has a lot of energy and does things in a
energetic very lively and enthusiastic way.
5
Adjective Examples: The movie was very loud and energetic.
My dog was more energetic when he was younger.
Definition: If you are hard-working, you always work hard.
hard-working
6 Examples: His brother was a hard-working farmer.
Adjective
She is a hard-working and conscientious lawyer.
Definition: If you’re methodical, you always do things in a thorough,
well-organized way. You can also say that the way you do things is
methodical
7 methodical.
Adjective
Examples: He is very methodical in the way he approaches his work.
She was a methodical and efficient member of our staff.
Definition: If you’re self-confident, you feel confident about your abilities.
self-confident
8 Examples: We want our children to be self-confident and happy.
Adjective
The course helped me become more self-confident.
Definition: A referee is someone who agrees to give you a reference – a
statement that gives information about you, your character and your
referee abilities. You often need a reference when you are applying for a
9
Noun job.
Examples: I was asked to be a referee for Jennifer. She’s applying for a job.
He will ask his professor to be his referee for his job application.

Definition: If someone is available, they are not busy doing something else and
available are free to go somewhere or do something.
10
Adjective Examples: I am available for an interview any day next week.
Don isn’t available at the moment, please call again tomorrow.
UNIT 5: Wellbeing
(page 57)
Definition: A squash is a vegetable that has a hard, thick skin.
squash
1 Examples: My sister made squash soup with salad.
Noun
I tried growing tomatoes and squashes last year.
Definition: A sweet potato is a vegetable that looks rather like a potato, has
sweet potato brown skin and yellow flesh and tastes sweeter than a potato.
2
Noun Examples: Peel the sweet potatoes while they’re still warm.
I usually boil sweet potatoes, but you can also roast them.
Definition: A portion of food is the amount served to one person at a meal.
portion a portion of something
3
Noun Examples: I ordered a sandwich and a portion of chips
The portions at this restaurant are very generous.
Definition: A guide is something that helps you make a decision or judgement
about something.
guide
4 a rough guide
Noun
Examples: Use your body as a guide when deciding how much to eat.
Water temperature is a useful guide to guess what fish live here.
Definition: Your fist is your hand when your fingers are bent tightly inwards,
making a sort of ball shape.
fist
5 clench your fist | a clenched fist
Noun
Examples: I clenched my fist tightly getting ready to punch him.
His fists were too small for him to be a good boxer.
Definition: A handful is the amount of something you can hold in your hand.
handful a handful of something
6
Noun Examples: They each took a handful of sweets from the jar.
I always eat a handful of peanuts in the morning.
Definition: The palm of your hand is the inside surface of your hand that does
not include your fingers or thumb.
palm
7 the palm of someone’s hand
Noun
Examples: He swept the crumbs off the table with the palm of his hand.
She held out two coins in the palm of her hand.
5a Pizza with a pedigree (pages 58-59)
Definition: The status of someone or something is the particular way they are
seen by other people.
status high/low status
1
Noun Examples: My grandfather’s family had very low social status.
The book achieved the status of a masterpiece.

Definition: Liquid, especially water that is sparkling has lots of little bubbles in
it that make it pleasant to drink.
sparkling
2 sparkling juice/water
Adjective
Examples: I bought a bottle of sparkling apple juice yesterday.
We ordered both bottles of sparkling and still water.
Definition: The crust of a loaf, bread, or pizza is the outside edge of it that is
crust harder than the softer inside.
3
Noun Examples: I made some bread yesterday, but the crust was like a rock.
The crust of my pizza is burnt.
Definition: A spiral is a line that curves round and round a central point with
each curve getting further from the central point.
spiral
4 in a spiral
Noun
Examples: She drew a spiral with a triangle in the centre of it.
The stones were laid out on the ground in a spiral.
Definition: A manuscript is an old document that has been written by hand
manuscript rather than being printed.
5
Noun Examples: Old manuscripts are hard to read due to the old handwritings.
We had to wear gloves when examining the older manuscripts.
Definition: A millennium is a period of one thousand years. The plural of
millennium millennium is millennia.
6
Noun Examples: This city’s history goes back at least three millennia.
A millennium later, the whole village had disappeared.
Definition: If someone in authority bans something, they make a law to say
that it is not allowed. If they ban someone from doing something,
ban they do not allow them to do it.
7
Verb ban someone from doing something
Examples: They’re going to completely ban smoking next year.
My parents banned me from playing computer games for a week.
Definition: A rival is a person or organisation who is competing with you to
achieve the same things.
rival
8 someone’s main/nearest/chief/closest/fiercest rival | a bitter rival
Noun
Examples: They’d been bitter rivals for 20 years, but now they’re friends.
His closest rival was injured two weeks before the race.
Definition: If something is suitable, it is right for a particular person, situation,
suitable or purpose suitable for someone or something.
9
Adjective Examples: The film isn’t suitable for young children.
These classes are more suitable for beginners.
Definition: When food or drinks ferment, or when you ferment it, a chemical
ferment change happens to it.
10
Verb Examples: The apple juice I forgot outside the fridge started to ferment.
You have to ferment this food before you can eat it.
5b Imaginary eating (pages 60-61)
Definition: Your willpower is your ability to make yourself do things that you
willpower
1 know you need to do but that you do not enjoy and do not really
Noun uncount
want to do.

strong willpower
Examples: Losing weight takes a lot of willpower.
She has strong willpower and I’m sure she’ll succeed.
Definition: Someone who is overweight is not healthy because they weigh
overweight more than they should do.
2
Adjective Examples: I was overweight and needed to lose at least ten kilos.
I was overweight, but playing sports helped me get healthier.
Definition: Obesity is the serious physical condition of someone being so
heavy that it has a dangerously bad effect on their health.
obesity
3 obesity rates | childhood obesity
Noun uncount
Examples: Childhood obesity is a global health concern these days.
Worldwide, obesity has more than doubled since 1980.
Definition: When you chew food, you use your teeth to squash the food in
chew your mouth so that you can then swallow it.
4
Verb Examples: It’s polite to chew with your mouth closed.
Don’t chew gum in class.
Definition: If you swallow something, you make it go down from your mouth
swallow into your stomach.
5
Verb Examples: You shouldn’t swallow chewing gum.
She swallowed a chicken bone by accident.
Definition: If you avoid something, you make sure you do not do it or
avoid experience it.
6
Verb Examples: I managed to avoid the rush hour by leaving an hour early.
I always try to avoid repeating words when I write essays.
Definition: If you cut down on something, you reduce the amount of it that
cut down on there is, or that you eat or drink of it.
7
Phrasal verb Examples: You need to cut down on fatty foods to be healthy.
I’m trying to cut down on sweets.
Definition: If you cut something out, you stop eating it or doing it because
cut out you think it is bad for your health.
8
Phrasal verb Examples: Starting next week, I’m going to cut out chips and crisps.
You can carry on drinking tea, just cut out the sugar.
Definition: If you give up a thing that you do regularly, you stop doing it.
give up give up doing something
9
Phrasal verb Examples: It’s really hard to give up smoking.
I used to collect stamps, but I gave it up when I went to university
Definition: If you take up a new activity, you start doing it.
take up
10 Examples: You should take up swimming – it’s a great way to stay fit.
Phrasal verb
She took up tennis when she was 15 years old.
Definition: Fatty food has a lot of fat in it and is considered unhealthy.
fatty Examples: You should cut down on fatty food.
11
Adjective He had too much fatty meat in his diet.

Definition: Junk food is cheap food that is quick and easy to buy and eat but
junk food that is not very good for you.
12
Noun uncount Examples: I spent my three years at university eating junk food.
Too much junk food can cause overweight problems.
5c Caffeine-fuelled world (pages 62-63)
Definition: Something that is harmful can cause harm or damage to someone
harmful or something.
1
Adjective Examples: Coffee can have several harmful effects on the body.
Too much rainwater can be harmful to buildings.
Definition: Something that is beneficial has a good effect on someone or
something.
beneficial
2 prove beneficial | highly beneficial
Adjective
Examples: Regular exercise is beneficial to your health.
There are many beneficial effects of eating less meat.
Definition: Your blood pressure is the force that moves blood around your
body. If your blood pressure is too high or too low, it can make you
blood pressure ill.
3
Noun uncount high/low blood pressure | take someone’s blood
Examples: If your blood pressure drops too much it can be dangerous.
I’m taking pills for high blood pressure.
Definition: A disease is a serious illness, like heart disease.
disease
4 Examples: She suffers from a blood disease.
Noun
I don’t want to catch the disease.
Definition: The period of time someone spends at work, for example in a factory,
is a shift. If someone is on shift work, they work at different times
of the day over a period of time, for example working during the
shift work
5 night for a week, then working during the day for a week.
Noun uncount do shift work | be on shift work
Examples: It’s hard doing shift work, especially when you have a child.
I chose to do shift work because the pay is better.
Definition: The ingredients of a dish of food or a drink are all the different
ingredient things that go into it.
6
Noun Examples: I haven’t got all the ingredients I need to make the cake.
Food tastes better with fresh ingredients.
Definition: Something that is mood-changing has the effect of making you
feel different, for example feeling more awake and alert, feeling
mood-changing
7 happier, feeling more depressed, etc.
Adjective
Examples: Caffeine is the world’s most popular mood-changing drug.
It’s a mood-changing moment when they turn the lights down.
Definition: A habit-forming drug or activity is one that you keep using or
doing even though you know it is bad for you.
habit-forming
8 Examples: Swimming is habit-forming; the more you do it the more you want
Adjective
to do it.
Watching daytime TV can be habit-forming.

Definition: If something relieves pain or an illness, it reduces the pain or
relieve illness or makes it go away altogether.
9
Verb Examples: Having a neck massage is one way to relieve headaches.
Listening to music can relieve stress.
Definition: Asthma is a medical condition which affects someone’s chest.
People who have asthma cough a lot and sometimes have difficulty
asthma breathing.
10
Noun uncount suffer from asthma | an asthma attack | severe/acute/chronic asthma
Examples: One in seven primary-school children suffers from asthma.
She was taken to the hospital after an asthma attack.
Definition: Neuroscience is the study of the way the brain and the nervous
system works. Somebody who studies this subject or who is an
neuroscientist
11 expert in this subject is a neuroscientist.
Noun
Examples: Josh is a neuroscientist at Harvard Medical School.
200 neuroscientists gathered for a conference in Munich.
Definition: Alertness is the state of being awake and able to think quickly and
alertness intelligently.
12
Noun Examples: Drinking coffee can improve your mental alertness.
Activities like driving require alertness.
5d Eating out / 5e We look forward to your reply
(pages 64-65)
Definition: A starter is a small dish that you eat at the beginning of a meal,
before the main course.
starter
1 for starters
Noun
Examples: I’m having soup for a starter.
This restaurant has delicious starters.
Definition: A dessert is a dish of sweet food that you eat at the end of a meal.
dessert
2 Examples: I never eat desserts.
Noun
Her favorite dessert is cheesecake.
Definition: In a meal, the courses are the separate dishes that you eat, one after
the other. You usually have a starter as the first course, then the
course main course, then a dessert.
3
Noun first course | main course
Examples: The first two courses were lovely, but the dessert was horrible.
I cooked a three-course meal for my friends.
Definition: A tip is an extra amount of money that you give when you pay for a
meal in a restaurant or for a service that you have had to thank the
tip person who has dealt with you.
4
Noun leave a tip
Examples: The waiter was very nice, so I left him a generous tip.
Taxi drivers in Japan don’t expect a tip.
Definition: A bill is a list which shows you how much you have to pay for
bill
5 something that you have received.
Noun
pay a bill

Examples: I always pay the electricity bill on time.
The restaurant made a mistake with the bill.
Definition: If you soak something, or if you let it soak, you put it into water or
another liquid and leave it there for a time.
soak
6 soak something in something / soak in something
Verb
Examples: You must soak the beans overnight to make this dish.
I soaked the potatoes in a separate bowl.
Definition: Something that is savoury tastes of salt or spice rather than tasting
savoury sweet.
7
Adjective Examples: I prefer savoury food over sweet food.
I like to finish a meal with something savoury, not sweet.
Definition: A fritter is a thin piece of food that is dipped in a mixture of flour
fritter and eggs and then fried.
8
Noun Examples: You can freeze the fritters then have them next week.
I’m going to make fritters tonight.
Definition: Food that is inedible cannot be eaten, either because it does not
inedible taste nice or because it is rotten or poisonous.
9
Adjective Examples: The food is inedible because I spilled bleach on it by mistake.
This fruit looks pretty but it’s actually inedible.
Definition: Things that are unsold were available for people to buy, but no one
bought them.
unsold remain unsold
10
Adjective
Examples: Some supermarkets give the unsold food to homeless people.
The house remained unsold for another year.
Definition: Something that is unwanted is not wanted by someone.
unwanted
11 Examples: Don’t throw unwanted food, give it to people in need instead.
Adjective
We tried to sell some of our unwanted furniture.
Definition: The sell-by date of food, flowers, etc., is the date after which they
sell-by date should not be sold because they will not be fresh anymore.
12
Noun Examples: I always check the sell-by date before I buy a carton of milk.
These doughnuts are past their sell-by date.
Definition: Profit is money that you get by selling something or doing
business. Your profit is the difference between the amount it cost
you to produce the thing you sold and the amount you received
profit when you sold it.
13
Noun make a profit | sell something at a profit | profits rise/fall
Examples: Companies are always trying to increase their profits.
I made profit selling our old furniture.
Definition: If you scrap something such as a plan, project, or activity, you
scrap decide not to carry on with it.
14 Examples: I’m sad that my favourite TV show has been scrapped.
Verb
The project was scrapped because of lack of money.

UNIT 6: Mysteries
(page 69)
Definition: Something that is genuine is not a copy and has not been changed but
genuine is really what it seems to be.
1
Adjective Examples: This jacket is made of genuine leather.
These photos are genuine, they haven’t been photoshopped.
Definition: The background is everything that is behind the main thing or person
that you are looking at, for example in a photograph or painting.
background
2 in the background
Noun
Examples: You can see the sea in the background.
The background is too dark in this photo.
Definition: Parasailing is an activity in which someone is pulled through the
water by a motorboat while wearing a sort of parachute so that they
parasailing
3 rise into the air.
Noun uncount
Examples: The weather was perfect for some parasailing.
Parasailing is a popular activity at our local beach.
Definition: Your eyelashes are the hairs that grow from your eyelids above and
eyelash below your eyes.
4
Noun Examples: Her eyebrows and eyelashes were black.
She has the longest eyelashes I’ve ever seen.
6a Flexible thinking (pages 70-71)
Definition: Wax is a solid substance that becomes soft and liquid when it gets
very hot and is used to make candles.
wax
1 candle wax
Noun uncount
Examples: Wax turns to liquid as it melts.
Some hot candle wax dripped onto the table.
Definition: If a liquid drips, it falls downwards from somewhere continuously
drip in small drops.
2
Verb Examples: The tap on the kitchen sink is dripping.
Water drips if you don’t turn the tab handle tightly.
Definition: A drawing pin is a short, pointed piece of metal with a wide cap that
drawing pin you use to attach pieces of paper to a noticeboard.
3
Noun Examples: I bought a box of colorful drawing pins.
I hurt my finger with a drawing pin while hanging notices.
Definition: If your mind is open, you have not made any firm decision about
something yet and are ready to consider all sorts of different
open possibilities.
4
Adjective keep an open mind
Examples: He said he’d keep an open mind, so I’m hoping he’ll agree to it.
My brain needs to be calm and open to deal with this problem.
Definition: Your workplace is the factory, office, studio, shop, etc., where you
workplace are when you are at work.
5
Noun Examples: You need to act professional in your workplace.
My workplace requires us to wear formal clothes.

6b Desert art (pages 72-73)
Definition: A diagram is a simple drawing that shows how something such as
diagram a machine works, or what something looks like.
1
Noun Examples: It’s difficult to explain in words, so I put it in a diagram.
I used diagrams in my presentation to explain the data better.
Definition: If you draw something, you use a pen or pencil to make a picture of
it. The picture that you make is called a drawing, and the activity of
drawing doing this is also called drawing.
2
Noun a drawing of something or someone
Examples: I have a collection of all my drawings.
This drawing of the Eiffel Tower is my favorite.
Definition: A figure is something that is in the shape of a human, especially in
figure a picture, drawing, or photograph.
3
Noun Examples: It’s not clear, but I could see a figure standing by the gate.
These two figures in the paintings represent love and hate.
Definition: A line is a long, straight mark on a piece of paper or another surface.
line a straight line
4
Noun Examples: She can draw a perfect straight line without using a ruler.
Students stood in a line waiting to enter the hall.
Definition: A pattern is a series of shapes and lines that are repeated regularly
pattern on a surface.
5
Noun Examples: He loves wearing shirts with colorful patterns.
My mother loves flower patterns on her curtains.
Definition: The shape of someone or something is their outer edge, and
shape whether they are round, square, etc.
6
Noun Examples: I saw a cloud in the shape of a horse today.
The lake was roughly square in shape.
Definition: The ground is the surface of the earth, or the surface that is under
ground your feet when you are outside.
7
Noun singular Examples: I fell and hit the ground while I was running.
The ground is still wet because it was raining last night.
Definition: Something that is clear can be seen, heard, or understood easily.
clear
8 Examples: The view of the mountains became clear once the fog left.
Adjective
The water is so clear, I can see the small fish.
Definition: If you plug something in, you connect it to a supply of electricity
plug in or to another piece of equipment.
9
Phrasal verb Examples: You can charge your phone by plugging it in the computer.
The TV will work once you plug it in a power socket.
Definition: If you are stuck somewhere, you cannot get away even though you
stuck want to.
10 Examples: I’ll be late for work because I’m still stuck in traffic.
Adjective
I was stuck at home for weeks.

6c Lost and found? (pages 74-75)
Definition: If you attempt to do something, especially something difficult, you
try very hard to do it.
attempt
1 attempt to do something
Verb
Examples: He attempted to cheat in the exam, but he was caught.
Two prisoners were shot when they attempted to escape.
Definition: To capture someone means to catch them and make them a
capture prisoner.
2
Verb Examples: The police were able to capture the thief this morning.
They captured two enemy soldiers during the night.
Definition: A sample is a small amount of a substance that is used for
scientific analysis.
sample
3 a sample of something | collect/obtain a sample
Noun
Examples: Scientists will take samples of her DNA from letters she wrote.
A blood sample is needed to know if you have this disease.
Definition: To finance an activity or event is to provide the money that is
finance needed to organise it.
4
Verb Examples: The new museum is financed by the government.
He financed his own project.
Definition: If you distinguish between two things or people, you successfully
identify each of them by seeing the differences between them.
distinguish distinguish between things/people | distinguish one person/thing
5
Verb from another
Examples: As children, we have to learn to distinguish good from bad.
He has difficulty distinguishing between blue and green.
Definition: If things are identical, they are exactly the same as each other.
identical
6 Examples: Coincidentally, both of them wore identical suits that day.
Adjective
Her younger sisters are identical twins.
Definition: If you fly somewhere, you go there in a plane.
fly
7 Examples: He flew to the UK two days ago.
Verb
I’d rather go by train than fly.
Definition: When a pilot lands a plane, or when the plane lands, it comes
land down to the ground after a journey through the air.
8
Verb Examples: Our plane landed on time.
We didn’t get off the plane for nearly an hour after we landed.
Definition: A book is a lot of pieces of paper with writing printed on them that
are held together in a cover so that you can read them, one page
book
9 after another.
Noun
Examples: I love reading a new book every week.
My favorite book will have a second volume next year.
Definition: A record of an event is all the information about it that is kept so
record that people can look at it later.
10
Noun keep records
Examples: The records show that the house was originally built in 1908.

I’ll check my records to see when the accident happened.
Definition: If you are in contact with someone, you are able to communicate
easily with them, or you already communicate regularly.
contact be in contact | keep in contact | lose contact (with someone or
11
Noun uncount something)
Examples: They kept in contact after they left university.
Contact with the plane was lost after three hours.
Definition: If you plan to do something, you decide that you are going to do it
plan and work out how you will do it.
12
Verb Examples: We’re planning to move to Madinah in a few years.
We haven’t planned our holiday yet for this summer.
Definition: If you test something, you do what is necessary in order to make a
decision about whether it is good, true, acceptable, etc.
test
13 test something on something
Verb
Examples: Lots of cosmetics are tested on animals before they go on sale.
I tested my new car before buying it.
Definition: The remains of someone or something are all that is left of them
after they have died or been destroyed.
remains
14 human/animal remains | the remains of someone/something
Noun plural
Examples: Archaeologists uncovered the remains of 12th century monks.
No remains of the house were found after the fire.
Definition: If you do something solo, you do it on your own without anyone
solo else being with you to help.
15
Adverb Examples: She was the first woman to fly solo around the world.
The song can be performed solo or with a choir.
Definition: A navigator is someone who works out a route on a long or
difficult journey and keeps track of where a ship, plane, car etc., is
navigator
16 and the direction it is going in.
Noun
Examples: The captain was an excellent navigator.
Good knowledge of maths is useful for a ship’s navigator.
Definition: Someone’s genetic profile is a description of their genes, which
can help doctors decide how to treat them if they have certain
genetic profile
17 illnesses.
Noun
Examples: Patients are treated according to their genetic profile.
Her genetic profile shows she needs a unique treatment.
Definition: A turtle is an animal with very short legs and a hard outer shell,
turtle that lives in or near water.
18
Noun Examples: These turtles are friendly and very old.
Every turtle makes a nest of around 150 eggs.
6d You must be joking / 6e In the news (pages 76-77)
Definition: The atmosphere is the air and all the other gases around the earth.
atmosphere Examples: The atmosphere allows some sunlight to pass through.
1
Noun singular Global warming is due to too much carbon in the atmosphere.

Definition: Something that is forged has been made unofficially or illegally
forged and is not what it seems to be.
2
Adjective Examples: Two prisoners escaped using forged IDs and documents.
Experts identified three forged paintings.
Definition: A fortune is a large amount of money.
fortune cost/spend/pay a fortune | earn/make a fortune | be worth a fortune
3
Noun Examples: She must be earning a fortune in her new job.
They spent an absolute fortune on their holidays.
Definition: A meteorite is a piece of rock or metal from space that has landed
meteorite on Earth.
4
Noun Examples: In 1868, over 100,000 meteorite fragments fell in Poland.
A number of small meteorites were found nearby.
Definition: If you do something accidentally, you do not do it on purpose and
do not want it to happen. If something happens accidentally, it
accidentally
5 happens even though no one wanted it to.
Adverb
Examples: I accidentally knocked the glass off the table.
He accidentally swallowed his chewing gum.
Definition: If something is unfortunate, it is rather sad and unlucky. You say
unfortunately, when you are describing something unfortunate
unfortunately
6 that has happened.
Adverb
Examples: Unfortunately, I got there too late and missed my plane.
Our cat was unfortunately bitten by a dog.
Definition: Something that happens or exists temporarily is only meant to last
temporarily for a short time.
7
Adverb Examples: Several roads were temporarily closed during the storms.
I’m temporarily living with my sister until my flat is ready.
Definition: If someone does something immediately, they do it quickly and with
immediately no delay.
8
Adverb Examples: The police immediately began a search for the missing girl.
A restaurant was immediately closed after rats were found in it.
Definition: You use apparently to introduce some information that might be
surprising but that is actually true, or that you have only just learned
apparently
9 about.
Adverb
Examples: I thought he was American, but apparently, he’s Canadian.
The thief apparently escaped through a window at the back.
Definition: If something happens gradually, it happens over a period of time
gradually and not all at once.
10
Adverb Examples: The company gradually lost all its customers.
I’ve been here a week now and I’m gradually getting used to it.
Definition: A coincidence is when two related things happen at the same time
by chance. When this happens, it is coincidental, or the things
coincidentally happen coincidentally.
11
Adverb Examples: Coincidentally, the internet failed in other regions last week.
His first name, coincidentally, was also Ryan.

Definition: If someone does something deliberately, they do it because they
deliberately mean to do it and not by accident.
12
Adverb Examples: He was playing his music deliberately loud.
I think he’s deliberately avoiding me.
Definition: A cable is a thick wire that carries electricity or digital information.
cable
13 Examples: She tripped over a loose cable.
Noun
We need a longer electric cable to plug in the TV.
Definition: A spade is a tool with a long handle and a fairly wide blade that
spade you use for digging in the ground
14
Noun Examples: As a gardener, I have to buy my own spade and tools.
He broke the spade when he tried to dig out the tree roots.
Definition: A landslide is an occasion when a large quantity of loose soil,
rocks, etc. comes uncontrollably down a hill, often causing a lot of
landslide
15 damage.
Noun
Examples: Several houses were destroyed by the landslide.
The landslide was caused by heavy rain during the night.
Definition: If something is exposed, it has no cover or any other protection
exposed and risks being damaged.
16
Adjective Examples: It’s dangerous to leave exposed electrical wires in the house.
The cottage was in a very exposed place at the edge of the sea.
Definition: When the police arrest someone, they take them away as a
prisoner because they think the person has committed a crime.
arrest
17 arrest someone for something
Verb
Examples: The woman was arrested for damaging property.
Police arrested him last night after weeks of searching.
UNIT 7: Living Space
(page 81)
Definition: The habitat of living things such as animals or plants is the sort of
place where they exist in nature (their natural environment or
home), rather than a place that has been made or changed a lot by
habitat
1 people.
Noun
Examples: Many natural habitats are being destroyed by pollution.
The forest provides a habitat for hundreds of species of plants and
animals.
Definition: A shelter is somewhere that gives you protection, for example from
shelter rain, cold, danger, etc.
2
Noun Examples: They took shelter under the entrance to a supermarket.
The lizard was looking for shelter under a rock.
Definition: Somewhere that is cramped doesn’t have enough space for all the
people that are there or the activities that take place there.
cramped Examples: Our house is always very cramped and noisy.
3
Adjective This cafe is almost always cramped at night, but it is nearly empty
in the morning.

Definition: Something that is shared belongs to or is used by several people.
shared
4 Examples: I live in a shared apartment with four people.
Adjective
My cousins and I have a shared set of grandparents.
Definition: Your flatmate is someone who shares the flat that you live in.
flatmate
5 Examples: I’m lucky, my flatmate is an amazing cook!
Noun
He lived there for two years with the same three flatmates.
Definition: Privacy is a state in which no one can see you or know what you
are doing.
privacy
6 Examples: I can do whatever I want in the privacy of my own home.
Noun uncount
Some like having neighbours, while others like the idea of complete
privacy.
7a Before New York (pages 82-83)
Definition: The atmosphere of a place is the feeling you get when you are there.
atmosphere
1 Examples: The new restaurant has a really good atmosphere.
Noun singular
I didn’t like the atmosphere at the party, so I left early.
Definition: A block is a group of buildings in a town or city with streets on all
block sides.
2
Noun Examples: We took a walk around the block.
I live just three blocks away from my office.
Definition: A built-up area is one where there are a lot of buildings and streets
built-up and not very much open space.
3
Adjective Examples: Beijing is one of the most built-up areas in the world.
The neighbourhood became much more built-up after the war.
Definition: Financial things and activities are related to money and the control
financial of money.
4
Adjective Examples: Switzerland is a financial centre with a lot of banks.
My friend has financial problems, so she took a loan from the bank.
Definition: Your neighbourhood is the area of the town or city around where
neighbourhood you live.
5
Noun Examples: We live in a nice neighbourhood.
Everyone in the neighbourhood knows my dad.
Definition: The residents of a place are the people who live there.
resident
6 Examples: Residents were too scared to talk to the police.
Noun
He’s been a permanent resident here since 2004.
Definition: A skyscraper is a very tall building in a city.
skyscraper
7 Examples: Dubai has the tallest skyscrapers in the world.
Noun
Paris doesn’t have many skyscrapers.
Definition: A beaver is an animal with short legs, thick fur, and a wide flat tail.
beaver Beavers build dams (walls) across rivers and streams.
8
Noun Examples: There are lots of beavers in this part of Canada.
I once saw a hat made from beaver fur.
Definition: The skin of an animal is its outer covering, especially when this is
9 skin
cut away and used for material to make clothes, belts, hats, etc.

Noun Examples: The carpet looked like a tiger skin.
She owns a bag made of crocodile’s skin.
Definition: A bear is a large, sometimes fierce, animal with thick fur.
bear
10 Examples: Polar bears have white fur, but most other bears have brown fur.
Noun
We thought we saw a bear on the other side of the lake.
Definition: A turkey is a large bird that looks like a big chicken.
turkey
11 Examples: They say one turkey feeds at least eight people.
Noun
He had turkey and potatoes for dinner last night.
Definition: A marsh is an area of land that is very wet all year round.
12 marsh
Noun Examples: There’s a lot of interesting wildlife on the marshes.
My boots were muddy from walking by the marsh.
Definition: Grassland is an area of land which is always covered in grass.
grassland
13 Examples: The village was surrounded by forest and grasslands.
Noun
Grasslands once covered a quarter of the earth.
Definition: A spot is a particular place.
spot
14 Examples: Always choose a spot in the shade when going for a picnic.
Noun
The farmhouse occupied a lovely spot on the side of the valley.
Definition: If a place or person has potential, there is a big possibility that they
potential can develop and become different or better in the future.
15
Noun uncount Examples: The house has got real potential.
He’s only a young player, but he has talent as well as potential.
7b Homes around the world (pages 84-85)
Definition: Bricks are solid blocks that are laid on the ground, then put together
brick one on top of another to make the outside walls of a building.
1
Noun Examples: Old houses were built using red bricks.
He threw a brick at the window.
Definition: Cloth is material that is used for making clothes, curtains, tents, etc.
cloth Examples: Many supermarkets today use reusable cloth bags.
2
Noun The windows are covered with cloth in hot weather to keep the heat
out.
Definition: A rock is a very hard substance that occurs naturally, and that forms
rock most of the surface of the earth.
3
Noun uncount Examples: The wall in the living room is made of rock.
The road near the beach is made of rock.
Definition: A flood is an occasion when large amounts of water pour into an
area, for example after there has been a lot of very heavy rain or if
flood
4 a water pipe bursts.
Noun
Examples: The village was cut off by floods.
The flood water rose quickly overnight.
Definition: Stilts are long, strong supports that are used to support a building
stilt
5 and keep it above the ground.
Noun
Examples: We passed a number of houses on stilts as we sailed down the river.

The block of flats was on stilts with a car park underneath.
Definition: If a place is crowded, it is full of people or things.
crowded
6 Examples: Red Sea Mall is always crowded on the weekends.
Adjective
The classroom was very crowded, I couldn’t find a seat!
Definition: The design of something is the way it has been put together and the
design way that it looks.
7
Noun Examples: The design of the house is very simple.
The design of her new car looks modern and practical.
Definition: A ger is a kind of tent used by people in Central and East Asia who
do not stay in one place for long but regularly move to a new place
ger
8 and put up their gers every time they move.
Noun
Examples: Using a ger when moving to places is a Mongolian tradition.
It is cool inside the ger.
Definition: If a place is untidy, the things in it are not in their right place and it
is not very neat. If a person is untidy, he/she is not good at keeping
untidy
9 his/her things organized.
Adjective
Examples: Just look how untidy the living room is; it needs a good cleaning.
I hate sharing a bedroom with my sister, she is so untidy!
7c Sweet songs and strong coffee (pages 86-87)
Definition: Nature is all the plants, animals, mountains, rivers etc., that are not
made by people but exist independently. Things that exist in nature
nature and that are not made by people are natural.
1
Noun uncount
Examples: I love visiting parks and gardens as I can learn a lot from nature.
I have been interested in nature ever since I was a child.
Definition: A person is a man, woman, or child. Things related to a single
person person are personal. The plural of person is people.
2
Noun Examples: Her mother is a great person.
I met a really interesting person at dinner last night.
Definition: An artist is someone who draws, paints pictures, or makes
artist sculptures. If someone is good at this, you can say they are artistic.
3
Noun Examples: Picasso was a famous artist of the 20th century.
She had always wanted to be an artist like her father.
Definition: A nation is a country with its own government and laws.
nation
4 Examples: Women play an important role in building the nation.
Noun
The United States is one of the world’s wealthiest nations.
Definition: A benefit is something that is good or useful that you get from
benefit something.
5
Noun Examples: Swimming has many health benefits including weight loss.
Online learning has its benefits and drawbacks.
Definition: The centre of something is the middle of it.
centre
6 Examples: The city centre is quiet on Sundays.
Noun
We live in the centre of England, a long way from the beach.

Definition: The coast is the region of land alongside the sea.
coast
7 Examples: We moved down to the coast after my father retired.
Noun
The weather along the coast is always a bit warmer.
Definition: A country’s economy is all the commercial and business activity that
goes on. When business is successful, the economy is strong. When
economy businesses are failing, the economy is weak.
8
Noun singular Examples: The world’s economy is recovering after the crisis of 2008.
The government is implementing new policies and plans to strengthen
the country’s economy.
Definition: If you have energy, you feel strong and able to do things without
energy getting tired.
9
Noun uncount Examples: Doing housework requires a lot of energy.
I don’t have the energy to do more exercises.
Definition: A fact is a piece of information which is true.
fact Examples: I’ve read a book that is full of facts about life.
10
Noun Some of the facts about eating clean and weight loss are really
interesting.
Definition: History is all the things that have happened in the past, especially
the important things that have had an influence on the way the world
history
11 has developed.
Noun uncount
Examples: If we don’t study history, we won’t be able to understand the present.
The same mistakes have been made many times throughout history.
Definition: The origin of something is the way it started or where it came from.
origin
12 Examples: The origins of the city go back to the fourteenth century.
Noun
I learned a new word that has a Latin origin.
Definition: Something that is dreamy is quietly pleasant and peaceful and doesn’t
dreamy seem real.
13
Adjective Examples: We spent a dreamy afternoon by the river.
Our trip to Paris last week was dreamy.
Definition: To parade is to walk in a parade, which is a big public event when a
lot of people or vehicles go through the streets of a town as part of a
parade
14 big celebration.
Verb
Examples: Soldiers paraded through the city centre.
Lots of people were parading the streets on New Year’s Eve.
Definition: A bench is a long chair for more than one person to sit on, often it’s
bench outside.
15
Noun Examples: We sat on a long bench to have lunch.
There are benches for the kids in the school’s playground.
Definition: A development is a set of new buildings, or changes made to an
development area of land so that it can start being used for a different purpose.
16
Noun Examples: The new development on the edge of town created a lot of jobs.
A housing development is now being planned along the coast.
Definition: Reforestation is the planting of new trees to bring a forest back as a
reforestation
17 forest after the earlier trees had been cut down.
Noun uncount
Examples: Reforestation in this area will take at least ten years.

Australia started a reforestation programme after the fires in the
forests.
Definition: If you do something respectfully, you do in a way that shows you
respectfully believe someone is important and should be treated politely.
18
Adverb Examples: The audience listened respectfully to all the speeches.
He answered my questions honestly and respectfully.
Definition: The working class is one of the groups which people in a society are
divided into according to their jobs, education, background, etc.
People who are working-class do jobs that do not require a lot of
working-class
19 education and do not have as much money or status as people who
Adjective
are middle-class or upper-class.
Examples: She was brought up in a working-class family.
The salaries have risen this year for working-class families.
Definition: When you clap, you strike both your hands together, repeatedly,
mostly for something you have enjoyed. For example, to show you
clap
20 have enjoyed a performance.
Verb
Examples: The audience clapped when the band appeared on the stage.
Rana clapped joyfully for her sister’s great performance.
Definition: If you tap your feet, you hit the ground repeatedly with your foot or
feet in time to a piece of music.
tap
21 Examples: They were clapping, tapping, and nodding to the music.
Verb
They were all tapping their feet at the same time which made a
strange noise.
Definition: If you nod, or nod your head, you move your head up and down,
either to show that you agree with what someone has just said or
nod
22 because you are enjoying something you are listening to.
Verb
Examples: Jack nodded when I asked him if he wanted another cup of tea.
They were all nodding their heads in time to the music.
Definition: When you improvise, or improvise something, you do it without
having planned it in advance and have to make it or do it as you go
improvise
23 along.
Verb
Examples: If you didn’t prepare a speech, then you’ll have to improvise.
I don’t know how to make a soup, so I’ll just have to improvise.
Definition: A rhyme is a word that ends in the same sound as another word, for
rhyme example “light” and “bright.”
24
Noun Examples: Apparently, there is no rhyme for the word ‘orange’ in English.
She wrote a piece of poetry that has beautiful rhymes.
Definition: If someone’s eyes or face shine, they have a happy look on their
shine face.
25
Verb Examples: When I told them the good news, their eyes shone with excitement.
Her eyes shone with happiness when she got the job.
7d To rent or to buy / 7e A great place (pages 88-89)
Definition: A stage is a particular period of time during a process; the early or
final stages of something.
1 stage
Examples: The medicine is still in the experimental stage; it can’t be used.
Noun
The new house is in its final stage and should be finished next month.

Definition: If someone is fit, he/she is healthy and in good health due to regular
fit physical exercise.
2
Adjective Examples: Exercises like cycling and swimming will help keep you fit.
Exercising four times a week can help you stay fit.
Definition: A nightmare is a very frightening dream. You can also refer to an
nightmare unpleasant or worrying situation as a nightmare.
3
Noun Examples: The holiday was a complete nightmare; it rained the whole time.
Driving through the city centre is a nightmare.
Definition: Your budget is the amount of money you have available to spend on
budget a certain activity.
4
Noun Examples: This store has prices that suit almost every budget.
He has a weekly budget of one hundred riyals for food.
Definition: A historic event, building, etc. is well-known or important in history.
historic
5 Examples: We should take more care of our historic buildings.
Adjective
It was a historic moment that will never be forgotten!
Definition: Something that is picturesque is very attractive, often because it is
picturesque old-fashioned and looks very interesting.
6
Adjective Examples: The streets in Belgium and Amsterdam are picturesque.
Italy is said to have the most picturesque scenery.
Definition: A mix of people or things is a lot of different people or things all
mix together in the same place.
7
Noun Examples: There are a mix of cultures and backgrounds in every classroom.
There is an interesting mix of shops and restaurants in Amsterdam.
Definition: If you think the price of something is reasonable, you believe it is
not too expensive and is good value for money.
reasonable
8 Examples: The prices in H&M stores are quite reasonable.
Adjective
It’s difficult to get a good meal for a reasonable price near the
station.
UNIT 8: Travel
(page 93)
Definition: The essentials are the things that are absolutely necessary in a
essentials situation.
1
Noun plural Examples: The first four items on this shopping list are the essentials.
A first-aid kit is one of the essentials in any camping trip.
Definition: A tip is a useful piece of advice.
tip
2 Examples: My teacher gave some helpful tips on studying English grammar.
Noun
My sister gave me some tips about using London’s railway system.
8a Holidays and memories (pages 94-95)
Definition: A board game is an indoor game that you play using a board,
moving pieces around on it according to the numbers that are shown
board game when you throw a dice (a small cube with one of the numbers one to
1
Noun six on each side).
Examples: It was raining, so we played board games all afternoon.
My favorite board game is Monopoly.

Definition: If you step somewhere, you move a short distance there on foot.
For example, you can step onto a train or step off it. When someone
step
2 asks you to come into a room, they might ask you to step inside.
Verb
Examples: Would you step inside my office, please? I need to speak with you.
I’m going to step out for a while to get some fresh air.
Definition: A character is a letter in the alphabets or a written symbol in
character languages like Chinese or Japanese.
3
Noun Examples: I find Japanese characters interesting to learn.
The document contained around twenty thousand characters.
Definition: If your mind is blank or goes blank, you suddenly cannot think
properly and cannot remember something that is actually quite
blank
4 obvious.
Adjective
Examples: She looked up confidently, then suddenly her mind went blank.
For a moment my mind was blank, then it all came back to me.
Definition: If you head in a particular direction, you start to go in that direction.
head
5 Examples: It is getting late, so I think it is time for me to head home.
Verb
She said goodbye and headed down the street.
Definition: A cliff is an area of land which has an extremely steep side that goes
cliff down to the sea or a river.
6
Noun Examples: Keep away from the edge of the cliff; it is dangerous.
You can see the highest cliffs in Europe.
8b Walking for wildlife (pages 96-97)
Definition: A redwood, or a redwood tree, is a tree that grows in the west of the
redwood United States. Redwoods are the tallest trees in the world.
1
Noun Examples: I have never seen a redwood tree before.
One redwood in California is about two thousand years old.
Definition: Malaria is a serious disease that is caused by some kinds of
malaria mosquito (flying insect that bites people) in hot countries.
2
Noun uncount Examples: Malaria was once common in southern Europe.
Malaria is a type of fever that is caused by mosquitos.
Definition: Aerial activity takes place from high up in the air, for example from
aerial an aeroplane or helicopter.
3
Adjective Examples: Aerial photography is the act of taking photographs from the air.
I took a couple of aerial photographs while being in the helicopter.
Definition: If you trek somewhere, you go on a long and difficult journey by
trek walking.
4
Verb Examples: He spent two years trekking through South America.
We trekked up the river for a few days.
Definition: A survey is an examination of several related things to try and find
out as much about them as possible.
survey
5 Examples: I’ve just finished a survey about putting recycling bins all over the
Noun
city.
A recent survey suggests there are only five eagles left in the area.
dig up Definition: If you dig up the ground, you use heavy equipment to move the
6
Phrasal verb earth from the surface of the ground so that you can get to whatever

lies underneath. If you dig something up, you take it out of the
ground by removing whatever is on top of it.
Examples: They dug up a huge area of land.
I dug up an old pot while I was gardening.
Definition: A wilderness is a large area of land where everything is wild and
wilderness where people hardly ever go.
7
Noun Examples: After a week in the wilderness, I was glad to be home.
We trekked for three days through the wilderness.
Definition: If you save someone or something that is in danger, you do
something that successfully protects them from being harmed,
save
5 damaged, or destroyed.
Verb
Examples: She saved his life by pulling him out of the fire.
We need to do more to save the environment.
Definition: Something that is vast is extremely big.
vast
8 Examples: The fires destroyed vast areas of land.
Adjective
They travelled a vast distance to get there.
Definition: A fortune is a large amount of money.
fortune cost/spend/pay a fortune | earn/make a fortune | be worth a fortune
10 Noun Examples: She must be earning a fortune in her new job.
Your salary is a fortune compared to mine
8c All aboard (pages 98-99)
Definition: Backpacking is the activity of travelling to different places, carrying
backpacking all your luggage in a single backpack.
1
Noun uncount Examples: She spent a year on a backpacking trip in Asia after she left school.
Backpacking can be fun but dangerous at the same time.
Definition: Ecotourism is the business of helping people take holidays in places
that are environmentally interesting and where the activities do not
ecotourism
2 cause any harm to the environment.
Noun uncount
Examples: Ecotourism is important for the local economy.
Dunedin is a centre for ecotourism.
Definition: Pollution is things like chemicals and smoke from factories that
pollution damage the air that we breathe or the rivers and land.
3
Noun uncount Examples: There is a lot of pollution in Beijing.
Air pollution is a big problem in London.
Definition: Equipment is things like tools and machinery that are used for a
equipment particular task.
4
Noun uncount Examples: I bought new exercise equipment.
She found some old photography equipment.
Definition: Rubbish is stuff people throw away.
rubbish
5 Examples: The streets were full of rubbish.
Noun
Our rubbish is collected every Monday.
Definition: If someone charges you an amount of money, they ask you to give
charge
6 them that amount when they sell something to you, do a job for you,
Verb
or allow you to do a particular activity.

Examples: The hotel charged me the full price for the room.
The restaurant will charge you extra for more sauce.
Definition: A challenge is something that is difficult which you want to or have
challenge to try.
7
Noun Examples: Raising children can be a real challenge.
I joined an academic writing challenge at our school.
Definition: Household means connected with a house or flat and all the people
household living in it.
8
Adjective Examples: I’m working in a company that sells household goods.
My household appliances include a vacuum and a microwave.
Definition: An appliance is a piece of equipment, usually electrical, that you
appliance use in your home, such as a washing machine, hair dryer, cooker, etc.
9
Noun Examples: My new kitchen is well equipped with modern appliances.
I went to the new appliance shop, and I bought a coffee machine.
Definition: A cruise is a holiday you take on a ship, often stopping at some
interesting places. The ships that take people on these holidays are
cruise
10 cruise ships.
Noun
Examples: We went on a cruise around the Caribbean.
She went on her first cruise at the age of 50.
Definition: A route is the exact direction you follow to get from one place to
route another.
11
Noun Examples: I’m going to try a different route when we go to Scotland next week.
What’s the shortest route home from here?
Definition: Fresh water is water that is clean and suitable for drinking or
fresh water cooking.
12
Noun uncount Examples: The island has no fresh water supply.
Make sure your dog has plenty of fresh water in hot weather.
Definition: Tax is money that a government makes you pay, for example when
you earn money (income tax), when you buy something (sales tax),
tax
13 when you use an airport (airport tax), etc.
Noun
Examples: There’s a 6% sales tax on top of the original price.
They raised the tax on food and water by 2%.
low impact Definition: Low-impact activities do not cause much damage to the environment.
14 Examples: The architect was asked to design a low-impact housing development.
Adjective
We moved to the country to try and adopt a low-impact way of life.
8d Is something wrong? / 8e Hello from London! (pages 100-101)
Definition: When you travel on a passenger plane, your baggage allowance is
the number of bags, or the weight of the bags, that you are allowed
baggage
to take with you on the flight.
1 allowance
Examples: Always check the baggage allowance with your airlines before you
Noun
go to the airport.
Handbags are not counted as part of your baggage allowance.
customs check Definition: When you arrive in a foreign country, the customs check is when
2
Noun you have to say or show what you are bringing into the country so

that the authorities can decide if you need to pay any tax or if you
are carrying anything illegally.
Examples: There were long delays for the customs check at Miami airport.
Customs checks are carried out before you leave the ship.
Definition: Travel sickness is a feeling of being unwell and wanting to be sick
travel sickness that some people get when travelling in a car, plane, or ship.
3
Noun uncount Examples: Travel sickness can be much worse on a ship.
Travel sickness is more common in children than in adults.
Definition: If you have a temperature, your body is slightly warmer than it
should be because you are ill. A normal temperature is about 37o
temperature
4 centigrade.
Noun
Examples: Go to the hospital if you still have a high temperature.
She had a temperature of 38.5 last night.
Definition: If you are jetlagged, your body is slightly confused because you
have travelled a long distance and there is a great time difference
jetlagged
5 between where you are and where you have travelled from.
Adjective
Examples: Whenever I fly to New York, I get jetlagged for three days.
It has been a long flight and I’m jetlagged.
Definition: A pigeon is a grey or brown bird that often lives in towns or cities.
pigeon
6 Examples: People like to feed pigeons in big parks and lakes.
Noun
There were hundreds of pigeons in Hyde Park.
UNIT 9: Shopping
(page 105)
Definition: Toiletries are the things you use for washing yourself, such as soap,
toiletries shampoo, toothpaste, etc.
1
Noun plural Examples: The hotel bathroom had free toiletries.
Please bring your own towels and toiletries.
Definition: Cosmetics are things like lipstick and powder that people put on their
cosmetics faces to look more attractive.
2
Noun plural Examples: I spend a lot of money on cosmetics.
None of our cosmetics are tested on animals.
9a Shopping trends (pages 106-107)
Definition: If you package something, you put it in a container or wrap it
separately so that it is ready to be sold.
package
1 Examples: They package the strawberries in plastic containers.
Verb
The last stage of the process is to package the goods ready to be sent
to the shops.
Definition: To distribute goods means to send them to all the different places
distribute where they are going to be sold.
2
Verb Examples: The books were distributed to all 273 bookshops across the country.
We produce and distribute the best bikes in New Zealand
Definition: You can use stuff to refer to things such as a substance, a collection
stuff
3 of things, events, ideas, or the contents of something in a general
Noun uncount
way without mentioning the thing itself by name.

Examples: We need to buy some stuff for the house.
We played games like Monopoly and stuff like that.
Definition: An amount of something is a particular quantity of it.
amount Examples: We buy the same amount of shopping every week.
4
Noun The amount and type of packaging will depend on the parcel being
sent.
Definition: If you can track an item that is being delivered somewhere, you can
find out where it is at any stage of its journey to the delivery point using the
track
5 internet or an app.
Verb
Examples: If you pay a little bit extra, you’ll be able to track the package.
Click here to track your parcel.
Definition: Shipping is the process of sending goods over a long distance.
shipping
6 Examples: Shipping costs went up again last year.
Noun uncount
Overnight shipping is available.
9b Spend or save (Pages 108–109)
Definition: The checkout is the place where you go in a supermarket or other
checkout shop to pay for the things that you are buying.
1
Noun Examples: He got a job working on the checkout at the supermarket.
There was a long queue at the checkout.
Definition: When goods are on special offer, they are on sale for a much lower
special offer price than usual.
2
Noun Examples: Don’t miss out on our special offers – only available today.
The flat screen TV is on special offer for £225.
Definition: A deal is a lower than usual price for something.
deal
3 Examples: There are lots of good deals during the sale.
Noun
She went online to look for a good deal on a tennis racket.
Definition: If you have a budget, you have worked out how much money you
have available to spend on a particular thing or activity.
budget
4 Examples: We have a budget of 200 riyals (we don’t want to spend more than
Noun
200 riyals).
We have a weekly budget of £50 for food.
Definition: Goods are things that are made to be sold in shops.
goods
5 Examples: It’s cheaper to buy electrical goods online.
Noun plural
The goods are transported by road.
Definition: If you can’t afford something, you don’t have enough money to be
afford able to pay for it.
6
Verb Examples: I can’t afford to buy a flat.
I could never afford to live in London.
Definition: A purchase is something you have just bought. Purchase is also the
purchase act of buying something.
7
Noun Examples: My father put all the purchases in the boot of the car.
The book is available for online purchase.
change Definition: Change is money in the form of coins rather than paper bank notes.
8
Noun uncount Small change is coins of low value.

Examples: She kept her small change in a leather purse.
Do you have change for a five-pound note?
Definition: A receipt is a piece of paper or an email from a shop that shows
where and when you bought something, and proves that you have
receipt
9 paid.
Noun
Examples: I forgot to get a receipt so I can’t take it back.
Have you got a receipt and the box it came in?
9c The art of the deal (pages 110-111)
Definition: A slogan is a short phrase, easy to remember, usually with an
slogan advertising or political message.
1
Noun Examples: They sold a range of T-shirts with slogans on them.
Obama’s slogan in 2008 was “Yes, we can”.
Definition: A sword is a weapon that has a long metal blade, used especially in
sword the past before guns were widely used.
2
Noun Examples: He drew his sword (took it out) and waited for the attack.
I watched a show about fighting using swords.
Definition: A cart is a vehicle with two or four wheels, usually pulled by a horse
cart or donkey and used for transporting goods.
3
Noun Examples: He sold fruit from his cart in the market.
The farmer’s cart had a broken wheel.
Definition: A date is a small, sweet, sticky brown fruit with a stone in the middle.
date
4 Examples: My friend gave me a box of dates.
Noun
We usually have dried dates as a treat near Iftar time.
Definition: A fig is a soft, sweet fruit with a lot of tiny seeds inside it. Figs are
fig usually green or purple.
5
Noun Examples: You’ll get ill if you eat too many figs.
We have a fig tree in our house.
Definition: An olive is a small green or black fruit with a stone in the middle.
Olives grow in warm countries around the Mediterranean and are
olive
6 eaten or pressed to make olive oil.
Noun
Examples: I ate a bowl of olives.
I like to add the cheese, olives and onions to my cheese sandwich.
Definition: A merchant is someone who buys and sells goods.
merchant
7 Examples: The merchants in the market were setting up their stalls.
Noun
His grandfather was a rich merchant dealing in handmade carpets.
Definition: Copper is a reddish-brown metal.
copper
8 Examples: Copper wire is used for carrying electricity.
Noun uncount
My mother bought a large copper pot.
Definition: A chest is a container in the shape of a very large box.
chest
9 Examples: I had to take a few things out because the chest was heavy to carry.
Noun
Have you got a key for the chest?
9d It’s in the sale / 9e For sale (pages 112-113)
return Definition: If you return something to a shop where you bought it, you take it
1
Verb back, for example because there is something wrong with it, it is the

wrong size, or the person you bought it for does not like it. Some
shops give you your money back, and other shops let you exchange it
for something else of the same value.
Examples: Can I return the dress if it’s the wrong size?
You can’t return it after three weeks.
Definition: If you exchange something, you give it back to a shop and they give
exchange you something else in its place.
2
Verb Examples: Can I exchange this shirt? It doesn’t fit properly.
We can try and exchange it if you really don’t like it.
Definition: If you gift-wrap something, you wrap it nicely in pretty paper as a
gift-wrap present for someone.
3
Verb Examples: I asked the shop assistant to gift-wrap it for me.
The box had been beautifully gift-wrapped.
Definition: A reference number is a number that tells someone what exact item
something is or where a particular piece of information is.
reference number
4 Examples: The reference number for the sofa is SFD93700.
Noun
I paid the bill online, but I didn’t get a reference number so I can’t
prove I paid it.
Definition: A model is a particular type of item that a company makes.
model
5 Examples: The latest phone model costs over £1,000.
Noun
At least three different models of the phone are available.
Definition: The stock of a shop or company is the amount of goods it has that
are available and ready to be sold or sent out to customers. The goods
stock that are available are in stock. If it no longer has a particular item,
6
Noun singular that item is out of stock.
Examples: We’ve got plenty of the blue jeans in stock.
I’m afraid the leather sofa is out of stock.
Definition: If something is available, someone can have it or use it straight away.
available
7 Examples: Do you have any rooms available for the 15th and 16th of June?
Adjective
The video was made available on YouTube.
Definition: Delivery is the act of taking things such as goods or letters to a place.
delivery
8 Examples: My job was to prepare all the orders for delivery.
Noun
The supermarket makes daily deliveries.
Definition: A till is a box with a drawer where shops keep their money. When
till you pay with cash, they open the drawer and put your money in it.
9
Noun Examples: There was over £1,000 in the till when we closed.
He put the notes and coins in the till.
Definition: A tag is a piece of paper or plastic that is fixed to something to give
tag information about it.
10
Noun Examples: Your jacket has still got the price tag on.
The shop assistants were all wearing name tags.
Definition: Someone who is courteous is very polite and treats people with
courteous respect.
11
Adjective Examples: The shop assistant was very courteous.
It’s courteous to ask permission before photographing local people.

UNIT 10: No limits
(page 117)
Definition: A dune, or a sand dune, is a small hill in a sandy place such as a
dune beach or a desert.
1
Noun Examples: He crawled up the sand dune on his hands and knees.
The dunes can reach 750 feet high.
Definition: To crawl is to move forward on the hands and knees or by dragging
crawl the body close to the ground.
2
Verb Examples: The baby crawled towards her mother.
The soldiers crawled forward on their bellies.
Definition: Ultrarunning is the sport of running over very long distances in a
race. Ultrarunning races are not all the same distance, but they
ultrarunning
3 have to be longer than a marathon (42 kilometres).
Noun uncount
Examples: For me, ultrarunning is a great opportunity to test my fitness.
I took up ultrarunning last year.
Definition: Bungee jumping is the activity of jumping from a high place such
bungee jumping as a cliff or a bridge while attached to a very strong elastic cord that
4 Noun uncount stops you from hitting the ground.
Examples: Bungee jumping can be quite dangerous.
I’ve always wanted to try bungee jumping.
Definition: Base jumping is the activity of jumping from very high places
base jumping using a parachute.
5
Noun uncount Examples: Base jumping is just too dangerous for me.
He died in a base jumping accident last year.
Definition: Cave diving is the activity of diving under the surface of the water
cave diving
in deep caves.
6 Noun uncount
Examples: Cave diving became popular in the 1970s.
Cave diving requires courage and a lot of skill.
Definition: Free climbing is the activity of climbing rocks or mountains using
free climbing only equipment that will help prevent injury if you fall but that
7 Noun uncount does not help you to go upwards.
Examples: Free climbing is becoming increasingly popular.
There are obvious risks involved in free climbing.
10a Leaving Earth (pages 118-119)
Definition: An astronomer is someone who studies objects in space such as
astronomer the planets and stars.
1
Noun Examples: Astronomers have discovered the largest gas cloud.
Astronomers spend some of their time looking through telescopes.
Definition: The orbit of an object in space is the path it follows as it goes
orbit round the sun or around a planet.
2 Examples: The satellite left Earth’s orbit in June 2003.
Noun
India currently has 10 satellites in orbit around the Earth.

10b The superhumans (pages 120-121)
Definition: A blade is an artificial leg with a curved strip of metal at the bottom
blade of the foot, used by disabled athletes.
1
Noun Examples: It takes a while to learn how to run on blades.
Good running blades are very expensive.
Definition: The Paralympics, or the Paralympic Games, are a big athletic event
held after the Olympic Games for athletes with disabilities.
Paralympics
2 Examples: Her ambition is to represent Great Britain at the next Paralympics.
Noun
The documentary on the history of Paralympic Games was very
informative.
Definition: A wheelchair is a chair with two large wheels at the side and smaller
wheels near the front, which a disabled person can use to move
around either by turning the large wheels with their hands or by being
wheelchair
3 pushed by someone.
Noun
Examples: My grandfather goes everywhere on his wheelchair.
After the accident, his only way of getting around was in a
wheelchair.
Definition: Bionic devices use electricity to provide the power to help someone
bionic walk or run who cannot otherwise walk or run without help.
4
Adjective Examples: He was fitted with a bionic leg.
We spent months testing a bionic hand.
Definition: A device is a machine or tool that does a particular job.
device
5 Examples: You can watch YouTube on mobile devices.
Noun
All our vehicles have the latest hi-tech safety devices.
Definition: Your limbs are your arms and legs.
limb
6 Examples: He felt pain in his lower limbs (legs).
Noun
My limbs were aching after swimming across the lake.
Definition: A range of things is a number of them that are all different but of
range same sort or type.
7
Noun Examples: We have a wide range of electric cookers in stock.
The range of bionic devices is growing all the time.
Definition: A disability is a serious physical condition that prevents someone
disability from using all their body completely or easily.
8
Noun Examples: The accident left him with a permanent disability.
Their first son was born with severe disabilities.
Definition: To feature something means to include it as an important part.
feature
9 Examples: The film features several well-known Hollywood actors.
Verb
The new car model features an improved engine design.
Definition: A prosthetic body part is an artificial one that replaces the original,
prosthetic natural arm or leg.
10
Adjective Examples: He uses a prosthetic leg.
The factory makes prosthetic devices.

Definition: An injection is a medical action in which a needle is put into your
body and a medicine is pushed through the needle directly into your
injection
11 body.
Noun
Examples: The nurse came in to give her an injection.
The injection didn’t hurt at all!
Definition: If you are injured, part of your body has become damaged, for
injured example in an accident.
12
Adjective Examples: Luckily, no one was injured in the fire.
As you get older, you’re more likely to get injured playing sports.
Definition: If a soldier is wounded, his or her body is damaged by a bullet or an
wounded explosion during a battle.
13
Adjective Examples: There were 12 dead and 14 wounded in the house fire.
I could hear the cries of the wounded men.
Definition: When a doctor treats a patient or an illness, he or she gives someone
treat medicine or other things to make them better.
14
Verb Examples: We need better medicine to treat people with cancer.
There weren’t enough doctors to treat everyone who caught the flu.
Definition: If an injury heals, or if something heals it, it recovers and becomes
heal well again.
15
Verb Examples: This medicine will help to heal the wound.
It’s quite a nasty cut. It’ll take a while to heal.
Definition: An appointment is an arrangement to see someone at a particular
appointment time.
16
Noun Examples: I’ve got an appointment with the dentist at 3 o’clock.
I’m afraid you can’t see the manager unless you have an appointment.
Definition: To cure someone, or cure their illness, means to stop them from
cure being affected by an illness.
17
Verb Examples: Antibiotics can’t cure a common cold.
It’s likely to be several weeks before he is fully cured.
Definition: If part of your body hurts, or if something hurts you, you feel pain
hurt there.
18
Verb Examples: My knee really hurts.
It hurts when I try and bend my elbow.
Definition: Pain is the unpleasant physical feeling you have when a part of
pain your body has been hit or cut.
19
Noun uncount Examples: Can you feel any pain in your arm?
I just want the pain to go away.
Definition: If you control something or control how it develops, you make it
control do what you want it to do.
20
Verb Examples: It’s not possible for the government to control the internet.
He still controls the company even though he lives in France now.
Definition: If you monitor a situation, you make sure you know what is
happening all the time so that you are ready to take action as soon
monitor
21 as it is necessary.
Verb
Examples: We use remote cameras to monitor the traffic in the city centre.
We strictly monitor the amount of water we use.

Definition: If someone says something hurtful to you, you feel very sad
hurtful because you think they have deliberately tried to offend you.
22
Adjective Examples: She said some very hurtful things to me.
That’s the most hurtful thing anyone has ever said to me.
10c Two journeys, two lives (pages 122-123)
Definition: Failure is an unsuccessful action that does not work or achieve
what it was meant to. A failure is someone or something that has
failure
1 not been successful.
Noun
Examples: I felt a complete failure after losing the race.
His first novel was a total failure.
Definition: If you nominate someone for a job or a prize, you officially say
nominate that you think they should get it.
2
Verb Examples: You cannot nominate family members for this prize.
She’s been nominated for an Oscar.
Definition: If something is unexpected, no one thought it was going to happen.
unexpected Examples: The film had a totally unexpected ending.
3
Adjective He went through a difficult time after the unexpected death of his
mother.
Definition: Your supply of something is the amount of it that is available for
supply you to use.
4
Noun Examples: The water supplies were running low.
In the south of the country, food supply was inadequate.
Definition: If a surface cracks, it starts to break and develops long lines or
crack narrow holes.
5
Verb Examples: The window cracked, but luckily it didn’t break into pieces.
I dropped the cup and cracked it.
Definition: To chew is to crush or grind something such as food, with teeth.
chew
6 Examples: You’re not allowed to chew gum in class.
Verb
We have to chew food thoroughly before swallowing.
Definition: Mud is earth that is very wet and soft.
mud
7 Examples: Her boots were covered in mud.
Noun Uncount
The children loved playing in the mud.
Definition: Your short-term memory is your ability to remember things that
happened recently. Sometimes older people have trouble with their
short-term short-term memory and cannot remember what they did the day
8 memory before even though they can remember what they did sixty or seventy
Noun Uncount years earlier.
Examples: His short-term memory is getting worse.
The doctor wanted to test his short-term memory.
Definition: If you joke, you do or say something silly to try to make other
joke people laugh.
9
Verb Examples: She’s always joking about my hair.
“If that’s true, then I’m an elephant,” he joked.

Definition: Surgery is medical treatment that involves cutting into someone’s
surgery body to repair or take out a diseased or damaged part.
10
Noun Uncount Examples: She had to have emergency surgery.
You may need heart surgery.
Definition: To sponsor someone is to support by paying for their training or
education. To sponsor something is to pay for an event as a way
sponsor
11 of advertising.
Verb
Examples: The radio station sponsored the concert.
Will you sponsor me for the charity race?
10d First aid / 10e What do you think? (pages 124-125)
Definition: A blade is a flat piece of metal with a sharp edge that is part of a
blade knife or a pair of scissors.
1
Noun Examples: Never point the blade at anyone.
Be careful, that blade is very sharp.
Definition: A bite is an injury or mark on your skin where an insect or other
bite animal has bitten you.
2
Noun Examples: I woke up covered in mosquito bites.
I got a painful bite from something.
Definition: If you trip, you lose your balance because your foot has
trip unexpectedly hit something.
3
Verb Examples: He accidentally tripped over a step and broke his wrist.
I tripped up on the carpet and fell over.
Definition: A sting is the pain caused when an insect sticks a sharp part of its
sting body into you and hurts you.
4
Noun Examples: The wasp gave me a painful sting.
I could feel a sudden sting on my foot.
Definition: If you have stitches, a doctor uses a strong thread to close up your
skin where you have had a deep cut.
stitch
5 Examples: She had to have four stitches in her knee.
Noun
I’m going back in a week to have the stitches out (have them
removed).
Definition: A surgery is the place where a doctor or group of doctors work
surgery and see their patients.
6
Noun Examples: I’ll ring the surgery and make an appointment.
The surgery opens at 8 in the morning.
Definition: If a part of your body is swollen, it is bigger than usual because of
swollen an injury or an illness.
7
Adjective Examples: His knee was painful and swollen.
The joints in her hands are really swollen.
Definition: If part of your body feels itchy, it is uncomfortable, and you want to
itchy scratch your skin to stop it from feeling like that.
8
Adjective Examples: They had itchy skin, fever and loss of appetite.
The rash will be itchy but try not to scratch it.
antihistamine Definition: An antihistamine is a substance that you put on your skin or
9
Noun swallow to help stop the effects of an allergy (a bad reaction to

something you eat or come into contact with).
Examples: I’ve been taking antihistamines to stop the allergy for the last three
days.
I got a bottle of antihistamine tablets.
Definition: If you ignore something, you do not pay any attention to it.
ignore
10 Examples: I usually ignore online surveys.
Verb
If you ignore my advice, you’ll be sorry.
Definition: If you twist your knee, ankle, wrist etc., you hurt it and the injury
you get is a sprain.
sprain
11 Examples: When he fell off his bike, he got a severe sprain and needed months
Noun
of therapy.
I’ve hurt my ankle, but I think it’s just a sprain.
Definition: Trouble is problems or difficulties.
trouble
12 Examples: I’ve been having a lot of car trouble recently.
Noun
There’ll be trouble if I get home late again.
Definition: If you have a difficulty or difficulties, there is a particular thing
you cannot do easily.
difficulty
13 Examples: I’ve always had difficulty with English spelling.
Noun
She successfully overcame the difficulties and went on to become
the managing director of the company.
Definition: If you have worries, there is something that is a problem for you,
and you think about it a lot, and you are afraid you might not be
worry
14 able to make the situation better.
Noun
Examples: Changing school can cause a lot of worry to young children.
I went to the cinema to try and forget all my worries.
Definition: A dilemma is a difficult situation that forces you to make a decision
that is not easy.
dilemma
15 Examples: I’m in a dilemma about which university to choose.
Noun
After two years I faced a dilemma – whether to quit my job now or
carry on for another year.
Definition: You use actually to emphasize that what you are saying is true.
actually
16 Examples: I’m feeling a lot better, actually.
Adverb
It’s actually a really good car.
Definition: You use of course to say that something is obviously true and that
of course the people you are talking to probably know that too.
17
Adverb Examples: Of course, no one wants to start a war.
Of course, we’ll all have to pay more tax in the future.
Definition: You use the thing is to introduce something that you think is very
important for the discussion you are having.
the thing is
18 Examples: The thing is, I was hoping I could borrow some money.
Phrase
Dad wants me to go to university in September, but the thing is
I want to travel for a year first.
obviously Definition: You use obviously to emphasize that something is true and that
19
Adverb the person you are talking to almost certainly knows it too.

Examples: She doesn’t speak French, so she obviously won’t get the job.
The house was obviously very old.
Definition: You use so to start a new sentence in a conversation, often to
so introduce a new topic or to ask a question.
20
Adverb Examples: So, Jeremy, how are you enjoying the holiday?
So, what do you think?
Definition: You use by the way to introduce something that is not related to
the topic you are discussing.
by the way
21 Examples: OK. See you next week. Oh, by the way, can you send me Jim’s
Phrase
email address?
Thanks for your help. Your English is very good, by the way.
UNIT 11: Connections
(page 129)
Definition: A celebrity is a famous person in entertainment or sport.
celebrity
1 Examples: He became an international celebrity.
Noun
She’s supposed to be a celebrity, but I’ve never heard of her.
Definition: Current affairs are stories in newspapers, TV documentaries, etc.
about important facts, events and activities relating to politics
current affairs
2 and economics that are happening in the world at the moment.
Noun plural
Examples: Current affairs never interested me when I was younger.
I regularly follow international current affairs.
Definition: Entertainment is things that give people pleasure, like films,
concerts, television, etc.
entertainment
3 Examples: My favorite type of entertainment is watching television.
Noun
The village was really quiet and there was no entertainment for
children.
Definition: A feature is a newspaper article or a TV programme that deals with
a topic in a lot of detail.
feature Examples: I bought the magazine on Tuesday, but didn’t read the features
4
Noun pages until Saturday.
It took three weeks to do the research for the feature in tomorrow’s
program.
Definition: Society is used to refer to people who are fashionable and
society well-known and who are written about in newspapers and magazines.
5
Noun uncount Examples: The magazine’s section on society is very popular.
She’s always appearing in the news of the society.
Definition: If you catch up with something, you find out the latest information
catch up about it.
6
Phrasal Verb Examples: I catch up with the news at weekends.
I need to catch up on what’s been happening in parliament.
Definition: If you bookmark a page on the internet, you create a link to it so
bookmark that you can find it again quickly and easily.
7
Verb Examples: Don’t forget to bookmark our page.
I’ll bookmark your blog and make sure I read it next week.

Definition: If you click on something on a computer screen, you press a button
click on the mouse to make the computer do something, such as open a file.
8
Verb Examples: Click on the link to see a video of the event.
If you click the right button of the mouse, you will get a list of options.
Definition: Gossip is talking about things in a not very serious way, often about
gossip
personal things to do with other people that might not be true.
9 Noun uncount
Examples: I try not to get involved in office gossip.
He enjoys spreading gossip whenever he can.
Definition: A stream is a broadcast of a TV programme over the Internet. A
live stream
live stream is one that is made available as it happens, so it is live.
10 Noun
Examples: There are live streams of news programmes all day long.
I saw the live stream of the royal wedding on my phone.
11a Uncontacted tribes (pages 130-131)
No words
11b Sending a message (pages 132-133)

Definition: A blog is a page or set of pages on a website where someone writes
short articles about a particular subject and where other people can
blog
1 add comments.
Noun
Examples: His blog is read by thousands of people.
I always read her blog before I start work in the morning.
Definition: Instant messaging is when you can send short pieces of text to
another person who sees what you have written immediately and
instant messaging
2 can send a reply straight away.
Noun uncount
Examples: Instant messaging is more efficient than long strings of emails.
This device allows instant messaging and emailing.
Definition: A search engine is computer software that helps you find documents
search engine and websites on the Internet.
3
Noun Examples: Google is the search engine that most people use.
Most search engines put our site at the top of their results.
Definition: Social media is apps such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.,
social media which people use to share pictures and send messages to each other.
4
Noun uncount Examples: We chat on social media every day.
Social media is very useful for keeping in touch.
Definition: When there is an eclipse of the sun, the moon passes between the
sun and the Earth and stops the light from the sun reaching the
eclipse
5 Earth.
Noun
Examples: Tomorrow’s eclipse will last for about half an hour.
The last eclipse of the sun was three years ago.
11c Spreading the news (pages 134-135)
Definition: Access to somewhere or something is the fact of being able to get
access there or use it.
1
Noun uncount Examples: Access to the car park is via a staircase.
The library provides access to thousands of books.

Definition: The media is television, radio, newspapers, magazines, etc. which
prepare and send out information and entertainment for people to
media
2 watch, listen to or read.
Noun
Examples: I tried for months to get a job in the media.
Most of the news media supported the new President.
Definition: If something is affordable, it has a reasonable price that is not too
affordable expensive.
3
Adjective Examples: Mobile phones are an example of affordable technology.
They’re looking for an affordable flat.
Definition: To enable something to happen means to make it possible for that
enable thing to happen.
4
Verb Examples: The long holiday enabled us to finish the repairs of the farmhouse.
Mobile technology enabled me to keep in touch with my family.
Definition: If someone or something links two things, or if the two things are
link linked, there is a connection between them.
5
Verb Examples: These five families are closely linked.
The two villages are now linked by a brand-new road.
Definition: If you debate with someone, or if you debate a topic, you have a
debate serious discussion about something important.
6
Verb Examples: We debated what to do if we ran out of money.
The committee debated the proposal to raise the membership fee.
Definition: Something that is rural is in the countryside and does not have to
rural do with towns or cities.
7
Adjective Examples: They live in a small rural community.
In many rural areas there are no bus services.
Definition: Affairs are important facts, events and activities relating to the
affairs
government, economy etc. of a particular place.
8 Noun plural
Examples: He’s actively involved in community and local affairs.
Britain has played a significant role in international affairs.
Definition: If you dial a number, you enter the whole of a telephone number
into your phone in order to get connected to someone so that you
dial
9 can talk to them.
Verb
Examples: I think you’ve dialled the wrong number.
With speed dial, you don’t have to dial the number every time.
Definition: If someone highlights something, they talk or write about it in a
way that draws attention to it because they think it is an important
highlight part of what they are saying.
10
Verb Examples: Psychologists highlight several stages that nearly everyone goes
through.
The report highlights four key trends in youth crime.
Definition: An issue is an important subject affecting society that people
issue
discuss.
11 Noun
Examples: Air pollution is the main issue of our conference today.
One of the biggest issues is education.
lack Definition: If you have a lack of something, you do not have it, or do not have
12
Noun singular enough of it.

Examples: The idea failed because of a lack of interest (people weren’t
interested in it).
Lack of Internet access was the only problem in the village.
Definition: A benefit is something that is good or useful that you get from
benefit
something (advantage).
13 Noun
Examples: Better Internet access will be a great benefit to the village.
This change brought no benefit to most of the students.
Definition: A network is a group of organizations that are connected and that
network work towards achieving the same things.
14 Noun Examples: The local library information network has 98 computers in its 23
branches.
Their school is part of a famous network of international schools.
Definition: To overcome something that is difficult means to succeed in doing
overcome
what you want to do despite the problems that are involved.
15 Verb
Examples: Our role is to help students overcome these difficulties.
Many local communities are managing to overcome their problems.
11d Can I take a message / 11e A point of view (pages 136-137)
Definition: If you are handling something, you are dealing with it because it
handle is your responsibility.
1
Verb Examples: I’ll do the shopping – can you handle the cleaning this weekend?
Who’s handling the sale of the old factory?
Definition: An app is a piece of software that is designed for a particular
app purpose, especially one used on a tablet computer or mobile phone.
2 Noun App is short for application.
Examples: A new dictionary app is now available.
I’m having trouble installing the app on my mobile.
UNIT 12: Experts
(page 141)
Definition: A ferry is a boat or ship that carries passengers regularly from one
ferry
place to another.
1 Noun
Examples: There’s a ferry to the island every hour.
We didn’t take the ferry this time; instead, we used the tunnel.
Definition: If you fetch someone or something, you go to where they are
fetch and then take them back to where they need to be.
2
Verb Examples: I went to fetch another chair from the dining room.
Can you fetch the children from school this afternoon?
Definition: Grain is the seeds of cereals such as wheat or corn.
grain
3 Examples: We feed our chicken grain.
Noun uncount
Grain supplies were at a very low level this year.
12a The man who ate his boots (pages 142-143)
Definition: Survival is successfully staying alive or healthy in a dangerous or
survival difficult situation.
1
Noun uncount Examples: They learned survival techniques from the local people.
His survival depends on finding enough money for the operation.

Definition: If something is rare, it is not very common or it does not happen
rare very often.
2
Adjective Examples: Although snow is rare in Taif, winters are cold.
The museum houses a number of rare and valuable exhibits.
Definition: Fur is the soft, hairy skin of an animal that is used for clothing,
fur such as coats or gloves.
3
Noun Examples: Some people say it’s cruel to use fur for clothing.
Her gloves were lined with rabbit fur that kept her hands warm.
12b Experts in the wild (pages 144-145)
Definition: If you do research, you study a subject in detail to find new
researcher information about it. Someone who does research is a researcher.
1
Noun Examples: Researchers have decided to stop using animals in their experiments.
Researchers found that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.
Definition: If a type of animal or plant is extinct, it no longer exists anywhere
extinct in the world.
2
Adjective Examples: If we don’t do more to protect bees, they could become extinct.
The Panda is in danger of becoming extinct.
Definition: Gear is the equipment you need when you are doing a particular
activity. For example, when you go camping, your camping gear
gear
3 will include a tent, sleeping bag. etc.
Noun uncount
Examples: Don’t forget to bring your fishing gear.
The car was full of camping gear.
Definition: If you get a taste of something, you experience it a little so that
you have some idea of what it would be like to do it properly or
taste
4 all the time.
Noun
Examples: I got my first taste of camping last weekend.
This job will give you a taste of what it’s like working in an office.
Definition: A net is a large piece of cloth with holes in it that allow air or
water to pass through but not solid objects. Nets are used to catch
fish or to stop insects getting close to people and biting them while
net
5 they are sleeping.
Noun
Examples: The campers used a net to stop the mosquitoes from entering their
tents.
I have a mosquito net over my bed.
Definition: Something that is inadequate is not good enough or not enough in
inadequate quantity or quality for a particular purpose.
6
Adjective Examples: He failed the exam due to inadequate preparation.
Facilities in the hotel were inadequate for a comfortable stay.
Definition: A healer is someone who is believed to have special powers to cure
healer people who are ill without using modern medicine.
7
Noun Examples: His grandfather was the village healer.
The healer used herbs to cure his patients.
Definition: Something that is inappropriate is not suitable in a particular
inappropriate
8 situation or not suitable for a particular purpose.
Adjective
Examples: Inappropriate student behaviour can lead to punishment.

Several comments on the blog post were considered to be
inappropriate and were removed.
Definition: If something is unexpected, no one thought it was going to happen.
unexpected Examples: The film had a totally unexpected ending.
9
Adjective He went through a difficult time after the unexpected death of his
mother.
12c The legacy of the samurai (pages 146-147)
Definition: Unarmed fighting is fighting that does not involve weapons, only
people’s hands and feet. A person who is unarmed doesn’t have a
unarmed
1 weapon on them.
Adjective
Examples: An unarmed policeman was shot in the city centre last night.
He was trained in unarmed combat.
Definition: If you overcome something or someone, you succeed in controlling
overcome or defeating it.
2
Verb Examples: Finally, she overcame her shyness.
After a tough battle, they overcame the enemy.
Definition: The appeal of something is its quality of making people like it.
appeal
3 Examples: The last year’s winners are worried they will lose their appeal.
Noun singular
As a sport, tennis has a great appeal.
Definition: A lone person or thing is the only one in a particular place or
lone situation.
4
Adjective Examples: She was the lone survivor of the plane crash.
A lone man cycled down the hill.
Definition: Someone who is fierce is angry and ready to fight or attack someone.
fierce
5 Examples: The samurai looked very fierce.
Adjective
Lions and tigers are fierce animals.
Definition: A landowner is someone who owns a lot of land.
landowner
6 Examples: Rich landowners employed private soldiers for protection.
Noun
Her family were once major landowners in the area.
Definition: A code is a set of rules that say what you are allowed to do.
code Examples: Is there a dress code for the university? (rules about what sort of
7 clothes you are allowed to wear).
Noun
I had to sign the company’s code of conduct (rules about how to
behave in business).
Definition: Martial arts are sports such as judo and karate in which competitors
martial art fight each other using their hands and feet only.
8
Noun Examples: She’s trained in several martial arts.
Boys are keenly interested in learning martial arts.
Definition: Ethics are moral rules that people are expected to obey.
ethics
9 Examples: For doctors, medical ethics are very important.
Noun plural
The course covered business ethics as well as finance.
honour Definition: Someone’s honour is their sense of strong moral beliefs and
10
Noun uncount behaviours that make people respect them.

Examples: She has a strong sense of honour.
Honour and loyalty are qualities of a good soldier.
Definition: If someone shows loyalty, they support someone or something
reliably without changing loyalty to someone or something.
loyalty
11 Examples: The workers in the factory showed great loyalty even when times
Noun uncount
were difficult.
He is a good example of extraordinary loyalty among his staff.
Definition: Sacrifice is behaviour in which you give something up in order to
sacrifice
do or have something else instead.
12 Noun uncount
Examples: Being President demands a lot of sacrifice.
Parents make a lot of sacrifice to provide a good life to their children.
Definition: If you blame someone, you accuse them of being responsible for
blame something bad that has happened.
13
Verb Examples: Murray blamed his failure on a lack of concentration.
She blamed me for the accident.
Definition: Glory is the praise and respect that someone gets for having
glory achieved something very good.
14
Noun uncount Examples: The soldiers returned home covered in glory.
He joined the samurai in search of glory.
Definition: Goggles are glasses that fit closely against your face and protect
goggles your eyes from dust, wind, water etc.
15
Noun Examples: Staff and visitors must wear safety goggles in the laboratory.
I always wear goggles when I go swimming.
12d I’m so sorry! / 12e How to behave… (pages 148-149)
Definition: Your home is the house or flat where you live.
home
1 Examples: I work at home.
Noun
My home is in Wales.
Definition: A gift is a present that you give to someone, for example on their
birthday or as a way of saying thank you for something nice
gift
2 they have done for you.
Noun
Examples: He offered me a generous gift of 1000 riyals.
The car was a birthday gift from his parents.
Definition: A guest is someone who is staying in someone else’s house for a
guest short time.
3
Noun Examples: We’ve got guests this weekend (people are coming to stay with us)
Our guests gave us a lovely bunch of flowers.
Definition: If you stay somewhere, you live there for a short while. The time
stay you spend there is your stay.
4
Noun Examples: During your stay, you must speak English all the time.
He went back home after a two-week stay in Damam.
Definition: A photo is a picture that you take by using a camera. The word
photo photo is short for photograph.
5 Examples: Do you have any photos of your children?
Noun
She took hundreds of photos of her holiday.

Definition: A tourist is someone who is visiting somewhere on holiday or for
tourist pleasure.
6
Noun Examples: Tourists spend a lot of money when they travel.
A bus stopped outside the station and 50 tourists got off.
Definition: Normal life is your usual activities and behaviour that you do most
of the time, such as going to work or school, doing the shopping etc.
normal life Examples: The children are leading a normal life again after settling down in
7
Noun uncount their new school.
After returning from the holiday, they’re getting on with their normal
life.
Happy learning!

ELPR 102 - Wordlist - Term 2 - 2020-2021

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

ELPR 102 - Wordlist - Term 2 - 2020-2021

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ELPR 102 - Wordlist - Term 2 - 2020-2021

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

‫‪ELPR 102 WORDLIST‬‬

ELPR 102 WORDLIST

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 2

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 3

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 4

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 5

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 6

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 7

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 8

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 9

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 10

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 11

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 12

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 13

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 14

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 15

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 16

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 17

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 18

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 19

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 20

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 21

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 22

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 23

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 24

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 25

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 26

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 27

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 28

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 29

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 30

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 31

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 32

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 33

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 34

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 35

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 36

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 37

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 38

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 39

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 40

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 41

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 42

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 43

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 44

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 45

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 46

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 47

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 48

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 49

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 50

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 51

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 52

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 53

11b Sending a message (pages 132-133)

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 54

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 55

ELPR 102_Wordlist_Term 2_2020-2021 56