Exercise 5B

1 a E(Y ) = E( X 2 )
4.5 + 5.5
=E( X ) = 5
2
2
(5.5 − 4.5) 1
= Var( X ) =
12 12
Var(
= X ) E( X ) − (E( X )) 2
2

1 1 301
⇒ E( X 2 ) = Var( X ) + (E( X )) 2 = + 25 = 25 = = 25.083 (3 d.p.)
12 12 12

Alternatively use E(g( X )) = ∫ g( x) f ( x)dx with

f (x) =  and g( x) = x 2
1 2x3

0 otherwise
5.5
5.5  x3   5.53 4.53 
E(Y ) = E( X ) = ∫
2 2
x dx =   =  −  = 25.083 (3 d.p.)
4.5
 3  4.5  3 3 

2 a f (x) = 
1 5x11
6

0 otherwise

10 − 7 3 1
b P(7 < R < 10) = = = = 0.5
11 − 5 6 2

c E( A) =π
E( R 2 ) =
π(Var( R) + (E( R) 2 )
 36  5 + 11  2 
E( A) = π  +  = π(3 + 64) = 67π cm 2
 12  2  
 

1 1
3 a = = 1
b − a 1− 0
P(T < 0.2)= (0.2 − 0) ×1= 0.2

b E(T ) = 0.5

1
1 1 t3  1 1 1
c Var(T ) = ∫ t f (t )dt − µ = ∫ t dt − 0.5 =   − 0.25 = − =
2 2 2 2
0 0
 3 0 3 4 12

1 1 1
4 a = =
b − a 10 − 2 8
1 3
P(T > 7) = (10 − 7) × =
8 8

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 1
 1 3
4 b P(T < 5) = (5 − 2) × =
8 8
3
3 27
So probability that Priya will take less than 5 minutes on three successive visits =   =
 8  512

P(T < 8 ∩ T > 5) P(5 < T < 8) 83 3

c P(T < 8 | T > 5) = = =5 =
P(T > 5) P(T > 5) 8 5

5 a f (x) = 
 1 175x215
 40

0 otherwise

187 − 175 12 3
b i P( X < 187) = = = =0.3
40 40 10

ii P(=X 187)
= 0
(the probability of a continuous random variable taking a specific value is always 0)

10 30
c Q1 =185, as P( X < 185) = =0.25 and Q3 =205, as P( X < 205) = =0.75
40 40
Interquartile range = 205 − 185 = 20

215 − x
d P( X x) = = 0.65 ⇒ 215 − x = 26 ⇒ x = 189
40

e Let the random variable Y represent the number of cups that Rashmi buys contains less than
187 ml, then using the result from part b i, Y  B(5, 0.3)
5× 4
P(Y =3) =  0.33 (1 − 0.3) 2 = × 0.33 × 0.7 2 =0.1323 (4 d.p.)
5 2
 3
 

−2.3 − (−3.0) 0.7 7

6 a P( X < −2.3)
= = =
3.0 − (−3.0) 6 60

1 1 1
b P( X > 2.0) =
P( X > 2.0) + P( X < 2.0) =+ =
6 6 3

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 2
6 c Let the random variable Y represent the number of the 10 rods that are cut within 2 mm of the
 2
target length, then using the result from part b i, Y  B 10, 
 3
6 4
10   2   1 
P(Y = 6) = ×  ×  = 0.2276 (4 d.p.)
 6   3 3

28 − 26 2 1
7 a P(Y > 26) = = = =0.25
28 − 20 8 4

b Let the random variable Z represent the number of sweets in a bag of 20 sweets that have a length
greater than 26 mm, then using the result from part a, Z  B(20, 0.25) .
P( Z7) = 1 − P( Z6) = 1 − 0.7858 =0.2142 (4 d.p.)
(Obtaining the value for P(Z ⩽ 6) from a binomial cumulative distribution function table)

5−2 3
8 a P( X < 5) = = =0.6
7−2 5

7−6 1
b P( X > 6) = = =0.2
7−2 5

Let the random variable Y represent the number of flights in the next 10 flights that have a waiting
time of more than 6 minutes, then Y  B(10, 0.2)
P(Y 3) =1 − P(Y 2) = 1 − 0.6778 =0.3222 (4 d.p.)
(Obtaining the value for P(Y ⩽ 2) from a binomial cumulative distribution function table)

9 The length of the shorter side is (20 – X) cm, so

) E ( X (20 – X )=
E( A= ) E(20 X − X 2=) 20E( X ) − E( X 2 )
20 + 10
E( X )
= = 15
2
(20 − 10) 2 100 25
Var(=
X) = =
12 12 3
25
E( X 2 ) =
Var( X ) + (E( X )) 2 =+
225
3
25
Hence E( A) = 20E( X ) − E( X 2 ) = 20 ×15 − 225 −
3
25 25 225 − 25 200 2
=300 − 225 − = 75 − = = cm
3 3 3 3

© Pearson Education Ltd 2019. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 3