2020-2021

Final Revision
Advanced techniques

Beso
 NOTS
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choose the correct answer

Molar absorbtivities of compounds exhibiting charge -1

transfer absorption are
A. small
B. moderate
C. large
D. none of these
Molar absorbtivity is the measure of the -2
A. amount of light absorbed per unit length
B. amount of light absorbed per unit concentration
C. amount of light reflected and absorbed per unit
concentration
D. None of the above
Beer's Law states that-3
A. absorbance is proportional to both the path length and
concentration of the absorbing
species
B. absorbance is proportional to the log of the concentration of
the absorbing species
C. absorbance is equal to P/p
D. none of the above
ibrational spectroscopy is-4
in an SDS-PAGE
A. a large mass on a weak spring
B. a flashlight through a prism and shake it
C. a class of spectroscopic techniques which analyzes molecular
motions
D. an Infrared spectroscopy
5-in an SDS-PAGE
A. proteins are denatured by the SDS
B. proteins have the same charge-to-mass ratio
C. smaller proteins migrate more rapidly through the gel
D. all of the above

Proteins can be visualized directly in gels by -6

A. staining them with the dye
B. using electron microscope only
C. measuring their molecular weight
D. none of these
n SDS-PAGE, the protein sample is first-7
A. treated with a reducing agent and then with anionic
detergent followed by
fractionation by electrophoresis
B. fractionated by electrophoresis then treated with an
oxidizing agent followed
by anionic detergent.
C. treated with a oxidizing agent and then with anionic
detergent followed by
fractionation by electrophoresis
D. none of the above
In isoelectric focusing, proteins are separated on the basis -8
of their
A. relative content of positively charged residue only
B. relative content of negatively charged residue only
C. size
D. relative content of positively and negatively charged residue
In a gel filtration column-9
A. smaller proteins enter the beads more readily
B. large proteins elute first
C. both (a) and (b)
D. large proteins enter the beads more readily
In a native PAGE, proteins are separated on the basis of -10
A. net negative charge
B. net charge and size
C. net positive charges size
D. net positive charge
Proteins are separated in an SDS-PAGE experiment on the -11
basis of their
A. positively charged side chains
B. molecular weight
C. negatively charged side chains
D. different isoelectric points
Which of these effects result from slow injection of a large -12
?sample volume
A. Increased resolution
B. Decreased resolution
C. Non-linear detector response
D. Constant resolution
the GC trace obtained after an experiment is called a -13
A. chromatograph
B. chromatogram
C. chromatophore
D. graph
Which of the following detectors give concentration- -14
?dependent signals
A. Electron-capture detector
B. Thermal conductivity
C. Infra-red detector
D. All of these
What useful information can be found from a Van -15
?Deemter plot
A. The selectivity factor
B. Optimum mobile phase flow rate
C. Optimum column temperature
D. Optimum column length
Resolution is proportional to the-16
A. number of theoretical plates in a column
B. square root of the number of theoretical plates in a column
C. square of the number of theoretical plates in a column
D. cube root of the number of theoretical plates in a column
Which of the following detectors give concentration- -17
?dependent signals
A. Electron-capture detector
B. Thermal conductivity
C. Infra-red detector
D. All of these
What useful information can be found from a Van -18
?Deemter plot
A. The selectivity factor
B. Optimum mobile phase flow rate
C. Optimum column temperature
D. Optimum column length
What is the typical internal diameter of fused silica -19
?capillary columns
A. 0.2-0.3 mm
B. 0.3-0.5mm
C. 0.5-1.0 mm
D. 1.0-2.0 mm
?Which of the statements is correct-20
A. Gas chromatography is used to analyse gases
B. Gas chromatography is used to analyse solids
C. Gas chromatography is used to analyse gases, solutions and
solids
D. All of the above
In column switching chromatography-21
A. compounds trapped on one column are eluted to another
column
B. one column is removed and replaced by another
C. the flow to the column is switched on and off repeatedly
D. any of the above
Split injection is carried out by -22
A. splitting the sample into smaller portions to inject
sequentially
B. splitting the sample into smaller portions to inject at the
same time through
parallel ports
C. splitting off some of the sample so that it does not enter the
column
D. none of the above
?What does the selectivity factor describe -23
A. The proportional difference in widths of two
chromatographic peaks
B. The maximum number of different species which a column
can separate
simultaneously
C. The relative separation achieved between two species
D. None of the above
The column is heated to-24
A. prevent analyte condensation within the column
B. control elution of the different analytes
C. reduce band broadening to get sharper peaks
D. all of these
25-What are the benefits of decreasing the column internal
diameter?
A. Increased sample capacity
B. Increased resolution
C. Reduced risk of column overloading
D. All of the above
Thin layer chromatography is-26
A. partition chromatography
B. electrical mobility of ionic species
C. adsorption chromatography
D. none of the above
In gas chromatography, the basis for separation of the -27
components of the volatile material is the difference in
A. partition coefficients
B. conductivity
C. molecular weight
D. molarity
28-In reverse phase chromatography, the stationary phase is
made
A. non-polar
B. polar
C. either non-polar or polar
D. none of thes

29-Ion exchange chromatography is based on the

A. electrostatic attraction
B. electrical mobility of ionic species
C. adsorption chromatography
D. partition chromatography
30-A combination of paper chromatography and
electrophoresis involves
A. partition chromatography
B. electrical mobility of the ionic species
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of these
31- HPLC stands for
A. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography
B. High Performance Liquid Chromatography
C. both (a) and (b)
D. Highly Placed Liquid Chromatography
32- The eluent strength is a measure of
A. solvent adsorption energy
B. solvent absorption energy
C. solvent diffusivity
33-HPLC methods include
A. liquid/liquid (partition) chromatography
B. liquid/solid (adsorption) chromatography
C. ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography
D. all of the above
34-An isocratic elution in HPLC is one in which the
composition of the solvent
A. remains constant
B. changes continuously
C. changes in a series of steps
D. none of these
35- reversed phase HPLC, there is a
A. non polar solvent/polar column
B. polar solvent/non-polar column
C. non polar solvent/non-polar column
D. any of the above

36-Which of the following statements is true for a refractive

index detector in HPLC ?
A. It is more sensitive than a UV detector
B. It can only be used for isocratic elutions
C. It does not respond to many solutes
D. none of above
37-A gradient elution in HPLC is one in which the composition
of the solvent
A. remains constant
B. is changed continuously or in a series of steps
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of the above
38-In normal phase HPLC, there is a
A. non polar solvent/polar column
B. polar solvent/non-polar column
C. non polar solvent/non-polar column
D. any of the above
Which of the following(s) is/are the advantage of HPLC -39
?over traditional LPLC (low-pressure liquid chromatography)
A. Greater sensitivity and reusable columns
B. Ideal for ionic species and large molecules
C. Sample recovery
D. All of the above
40- Which can be used as a mobile phase in HPLC
applications?
A. Any compound with solubility in liquid
B.Any compound with limited solubility in liquid
C.Any compound with non-solubility in liquid
D. Any of the above
what the component of affinity chromatography -41
Antigen ❖
Antibody specific for the antigen ❖
antibody specifity or different ❖
inert matrix ❖
nonAntibody protein ❖

what the component of HPLC-42

A.Pump-Mobil phase
B.Syring-injection part
C.Column-column oven
D.Detector-display
what are Support for Every Analytical Method -43
HPLC Analysis ❖
LC/MS & UHPLC Analysis ❖
Gas Chromatography Analysis ❖
Ion Chromatography Analysis ❖
Thin-layer & Flash Chromatography ❖
Analysis Sample Preparation & Solid
Phase Extraction
WHAT are PRINCIPAL types of HPLC affinity -44
A-ionExchange
B-exclusion
C-adsorpation
what are types of electrophoresis ? (vip) -45
diagrame of Spectroscopy methodology ? (vip) -46
 – Complete -

..……………..… ..…………………… full name of HPLC -1

..……………………………………… full name of NMR -2
.…………………………………… full name of XRD -3
high performance Liquid chromatography used to……… -3
of mixture by using ……………between
…… analyzed
..……………electrophoresis is…………….and --4
.………………………gel electrophoresis used to --5
..……………… Solid State Techniques Analyzing the-6
.………………………… NMR is particularly useful for -7
……………………………… that can not be distinguished by
is one of the most powerful tools for ..……………… -8
mineral identification,
,structural/chemical refinement
and size determination
are another very … …………… -9
powerful tool for mineral
identification, identification of physical/
’chemical ‘history
is absorbed and reflected, transmitted, or ….…… -10
refracted changes the info and is determined by different
techniques
Spectroscopy – different methods of studying how -11
..……………different parts of the…………..are affected by
which utilize how electrons interact with ...…………… -12
Material minerals and imaging possible to very small sizes
techniques – look at forces between ...…………………… -13
probe tip and sample to measure height, optical absorption,
magnetism
extraction performance, product.…………………… -14
stability and interference-free results
and…………the most demanding .…………………-15
research and analytical testing applications
and………… ………. excellent …………………… -16
separations on relatively simple equipment
Sample Preparation & Solid Phase Extraction…..… -17
Extraction………..extract and purify a wider variety of
. sample components
some quantity that is proportional to the amount of -18
analyte in the sample, such as………mass, volume, intensity of light
..……or electrical charge
Gravimetric methods…………determine the mass of the … -19
.analyte or some compound chemically related to it
Electroanalytical methods...used to measure electrical …-20
properties as voltage, current, resistance, and quantity of
.electrical charge
Spectroscopic methods… are based on measurement .…-21
of the…interaction between electromagnetic radiation and
analyte atoms or molecules or on the production of such
.radiation by analytes
paper chromatography is useful for…separation of -22
mixture of aminoacid, suar,lipid, urea and some drugs
in analytical biochemistray uses instruments……and used -23
………………to separate, identifyqualify biomolecules
analytical techniques used to deteramine concentration -24
……of chemical compound
in the ions exchanges chromatography positive charge -25
.…attached to…anion…….while negative attached to….cation
water phase( ..aquous…) while mobilephase(….organic ) -26

Questions

mentions the two Analytical measurments Chemists of a -1

typical
tive quantita
- : analysis
mass or
the volume
of sample
measurement of some quantity that is proportional to the
amount of analyte
-: Enumerates methods of measurments-2
 Chemists quantitative analysis Gravimetric methods
Volumetric method, Electroanalytical methods
Spectroscopic methods.
-: mention of miscellaneous methods -3
mass spectrometry,
rate of radioactive decay,
heat of reaction,
rate of reaction,
sample thermal conductivity,
optical activity,
refractive index.
-:Enumerates analytical biochemistray Techniques -4
Chromatography
Electrophoresis
Spectrophotometer
Centrifugation
Enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELIZA)
? what the principal of paper Chromatography -5
FILTER PAPER are used to support astationary water
phase( aquous) while mobile phase(organic)move
down suspended paper strip in acylinder
? How to calculated resolution factor-6
-:resolution factor
distance by solute|distance by solvent
? what the principal of ions exchange-7
separation of molecule on basis of their electric charge.

Support for Every Analytical Method-8

 HPLC Analysis -- the most widely used choice of chemists
worldwide
LC/MS & UHPLC Analysis -- for the most demanding
research and analytical testing applications
Gas Chromatography Analysis -- extraction performance,
product stability and interference-free results
Ion Chromatography Analysis -- for precise, efficient
separation
Thin-layer & Flash Chromatography Analysis – excellent
separations on relatively simple equipment
Sample Preparation & Solid Phase Extraction -- extract
and purify a wider variety of sample components

Gravimetric methods-9
determine the mass of the analyte or some compound
.chemically related to it
Volumetric method-10
the volume of a solution containing sufficient reagent to re-act
.completely with the analyte is measured
Electroanalytical methods-11
involve the measurement of such electrical properties as
.voltage, current, resistance, and quantity of electrical charge

Spectroscopic methods-12
are based on measurement of the interaction between
electromagnetic radiation and analyte atoms or mole-cules or
on the production of such radiation by analytes. Finally, there is
a group of miscellaneous methods that includes the
measurement of such quantities as mass-to-charge ratio of
molecules by mass spectrometry, rate of radioactive de-cay,
heat of reaction, rate of reaction, sample thermal conductivity,
.optical activ-ity, and refractive index

Solid State Techniques-10

Analyzing the solid material, but different ways to prep that
material
Crush to create a powder (hammer, crushers, shatterbox, ball
mill, mortar and pestle, micronizer)
Can separate mineral in the crushed material (magnetic
separation,density separation, aerodynamic separation, pick it
with tweezers) Sieve, press, organize the material Melt the
.material and form a glass Then analyze this prepared material
NMR -11
is particularly useful for cations that can not be distinguished
.by X-ray methods, such as Si/Al ordering in aluminosilicate

XRD (X-ray diffraction) -12

Is one of the most powerful tools for mineral identification,
structural/chemical refinement, and size determinat
Microscopy – Optical techniques-13
are another very powerful tool for mineral identification,
identification of physical/ chemical ‘history’ of minerals/rocks, .
mineral association which we will also study in detail
 " Kill them with
success and bury
them with a
Smile  "

" ‫" أقتلهم بالنجاح و أدفنهم بأبتسامة‬

‫دعوة حلوة‬
Beso
‫هللا الموفق والمستعان‬