1 State two features of the cells of all living organisms.

1 Cell membrane

2 ...............................cytoplasm............................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

2 Arrange the structures in the list in increasing order of organisation, starting with the smallest
structure.

cell organism organ

organ system tissue

The first one has been done for you.

cell

...............tissue..................

.........................organ........

...............organ system..................

.................................organism [3]

[Total: 3]
3 The boxes on the left show different parts of a flowering plant.

The boxes on the right are terms that describe different levels of organisation.

Draw one straight line from each part of a flowering plant to the correct level of organisation.

[4]

[Total: 4]

4 State why xylem is a tissue.

..........Xylem is a tissue because it is made of a group of similar structured cell to perform a specific
function........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
5 The diagram below shows a cell found in leaves.

State the names of structures F, G and H. F=

Cytoplasm. G= Chloroplast, H= vacuoleWrite
your answers on the diagram.
[3]

[Total: 3]

6 The cells in the diagram below form a tissue.

mucus
cilia

cell membrane

nucleus

goblet cell

Define the term tissue.

................A group of same structured cell do the same

function ..................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
7 The diagram is a photomicrograph of part of the upper surface of a broad bean leaf, Vicia faba.

On the photomicrograph, identify and label two structures that are visible in cell P. Vacuole, cell wall
[2]

[Total: 2]

8 State an example of a cell and an organ from the gas exchange system.

cell ...............red blood cell.............................................................................................................................

organ ................................lungs........................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 2]
9 The photograph below is a scanning electron micrograph of some pollen grains from wind-pollinated
flowers and insect-pollinated flowers.

The actual diameter of pollen grain H is 0.082 mm.

Convert this value to micrometres (µm).

Space for working.

........................... µm [1]

[Total: 1]
10 Bacteria are useful in biotechnology and genetic engineering.

The diagram below shows a photomicrograph of a bacterium.

The actual width of the bacterium is 0.0008 mm.

Convert this value to micrometres (µm).

Space for working.

0.8........................... µm [1]

[Total: 1]

11 A parasite is an organism that obtains its nutrients from another living organism (the host).

The diagram below shows the parasitic plant dodder, Cuscuta epithymum, growing on the host
plant, gorse, Ulex sp. The flower and stems belong to the dodder. This plant does not have leaves
or roots, and obtains its nutrients and water from the gorse.
 dodder flower

dodder st em

gorse

(a) Suggest how dodder obtains minerals from the gorse.

Dodder obtains minerals from the gorse via xylem of the

gorse ............................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The structure that dodder uses to make contact with the gorse is called haustorium. The width
of the haustorium is marked by the line MN on the diagram below.

st em of
gorse

M N

st em of
dodder

×50

Measure the length of MN.

..............................................mm [1]
 (c) Calculate the actual width of the haustorium (MN).

Show your working.

actual width........................... mm [2]

[Total: 4]

12 The diagram below shows the lower surface of a leaf as seen under a microscope.

× 400

(a) (i) JK shows the length of the stoma in the diagram above.

Measure the length of JK.

length of JK ....................................................................................................mm [1]

(ii) Calculate the actual length of the stoma.

Show your working.

actual length of stoma ....................................................................................mm [2]

[Total: 3]

13 The pea plant, Pisum savitum, is a legume which is grown both as a human food and as a livestock
feed.

The diagram below shows some of the root nodules on a pea plant.
 S

The diagram below shows a cross-section through the root nodule at S.

T indicates the transport tissue in the root.

T
cells cont aining
bacteria

magnification = ×40

(a) The maximum diameter of the root nodule is 73 mm.

Calculate the actual diameter of the root nodule.

actual diameter........................... [1]

(b) Describe the role of the bacteria in the root nodule of P. sativum.

For nitrogen fixation ...................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) The bacteria require carbohydrates that are supplied by the pea plant.

Describe how the carbohydrates are produced and transported by the plant to the bacteria.

(i) produced

.........................carbohydrates are produced via

photosynthesis.......................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) transported

...............via the phloem to the

root.................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 7]
14 Aphids are insects that feed on the phloem sap in plants.

The diagram below shows aphid with its mouth parts inserted into the stem of a plant.

The diagram shows some of the features of xylem.

Describe how xylem is adapted for its functions.

Transport water and mineral

Provide structure for the plant

Walls are made from lignin ...............................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [6]
 [Total: 6]

15 Glycogen is a storage carbohydrate in animals. Glycogen is made from glucose.

Cells that convert glucose to glycogen contain many mitochondria.

Suggest why these cells contain many mitochondria.

Because cells that convert glucose to glycogen need more energy than a normal cell so there are more mitochondria
to provide energy from respiration.

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

16 Mitochondria are cell structures that contain a small quantity of DNA.

Scientists are sequencing the DNA of one particular gene in mitochondria to help identify different
species of many animals, including myriapods. The sequences that they find are called 'barcodes'.

(a) (i) State the part of the cell that contains most DNA.

........Nucleus ........................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) State the function of DNA in cells.

...............To store genetic information, can be copied to pass on information to new

cells .................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 3]

17 The diagram below shows a method of growing tomato plants without soil.

The plants are supported above a tank of mineral solution aerated by an air pump.
 plastic support
plants

air line

air pump mineral

solution

Mineral ions from the solution enter the tomato plants and are transported to the leaves.

(a) Name the type of cell that is responsible for:

absorbing water and minerals into the plant;............root hair cell.........................................................

transporting water and minerals to the leaves...................xylem................................................ [2]

(b) Tomato plants need nitrate ions and magnesium ions.

Explain why these ions are important for healthy plant growth.

nitrate ions................reponsible for protein synthesis

...............................................................

magnesium ions...............responsible for production of

chlorophill.................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) The mineral solution in the tank is checked regularly to see whether more minerals are needed.

Suggest two reasons why it is necessary to continue to add minerals to the solution.

1........................Because the tomato plants will use up the mineral and not replaced if we don’t add more ........

2.......when the plants grow bigger, they also need more

mineral ................................................................................................................................. [2]

(d) Tomato plants need potassium ions to form flowers and fruit. Smaller tomatoes