Experimental 1 Report

Chemistry (BTC 611)
Name: Jeremy Jason Chin Chwan Chuong

Matrix no. : Seb 181000
Title: Qualitative Elemental Analysis
No. Of experiment: 1
Date of experiment: 27th September 2018
Objectives
To identify the chemical properties of a few organic compounds
Procedures
1. Ignition Test
0.5mL of phenol was poured into an evaporating dish and ignited the phenol with a burning wooden
splint. Repeated the same procedure with m-cresol and catechol.
Result & Discussion
Organic compound Observation inference

Phenol Orange flame produced. Presence of phenol which are
flamable.
Soot is present Incomplete combustion result
in CO formation due to
presence of benzene ring which
require a lot of O2 for complete
combustion.
M-cresol Orange flame produced. Presence of hydroxyl group
which are flamable.
Soot is present. Incomplete combustion result
in CO formation due to
presence of benzene ring which
require a lot of O2 for complete
combustion.
catechol Orange flame produced. Presence of hydroxyl group
which are flamable.
Conclusion
Presence of hydroxyl group causes burning splint to burn in orange colour. Soot produced due to high
number of carbon presence in benzene ring that require high proportion of oxygen molecules for
complete combustion which are unlikely in normal condition.
References
Online notes from Assoc. Prof. Lubomir Makedonski, Medical University of Varna. Introducing
phenol.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=11&ved=2ahUKEwikmu6
R_ezdAhUHOisKHSa8BUYQFjAKegQICBAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fmu-varna.bg%2FEN%2FStudents
%2FDocuments%2Forganic-chemistry%2FPHENOL.doc&usg=AOvVaw2B4kttQ_uImyIaUcgWUzDJ
Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff - 1999 .Page 179 last paragraph. Retrieved from Books.google.com.
https://www.calstatela.edu/sites/default/files/dept/chem/07summer/158/25-words-ethanol.pd
f
Objectives
Procedures
2. Solubility Test
0.5mL of phenol was added into a test tube containing 1mL of distilled water. Mixture was shook and
observed. Tested the solubility of phenol in 1mL of ether and in 1mL toluene as well. Repeated the
same procedure with m-cresol and catechol instead pf phenol.
Result & Discussion

Phenol In H2O: : Two layers formed Phenol is Insoluble in water.
In Ether: Phenol dissolved Phenol is soluble in ether.
In: Toluene: Slightly insoluble Phenol is partially soluble in

toluene.
M-cresol In H2O: Two layers formed M-cresol is insoluble in water.
In Ether: Light yellow solution M-cresol is soluble in ether.
formed
In: Toluene: Orange-yellow M-cresol is insoluble in toluene.
precipitate formed
Catechol In H2O: Black solution formed Catechol is soluble in water.
In Ether: Two layers formed Catechol is insoluble in ether.
In: Toluene: Catechol does not Cathechol is insoluble in
dissolve toluene.
Conclusion
Presence of hydroxyl group can form hydrogen bonding in water and ether however benzene ring is
non polar hence solubility of the three organic compounds in water is limited. Polarity of toluene is
low hence quite hard for either of the phenols to dissolve in toluene.
References
phenol.
Objectives
Procedures
3. Esterification Test
1mL of glacial acetic acid and 5 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid ( act as catalyst) added to 2mL of
phenol and warmed the mixture in water bath (better condition for esterification) for about 5minutes.
Mixture was cooled then placed in an evaporating dish and added 5mL of 10% sodium carbonate.
Same procedure applied to m-cresol and catechol by replacing the 2mL of phenol with 2mL of
m-cresol then another experiment with 2mL of catechol.
Result & Discussion

Phenol Weak fruity smell and a bad smell Carboxyl group and hydroxyl
noted. group reacted to produce fruity
smell. The bad smell comes
from the benzene ring.
M-cresol Fruity smell and a bad smell noted. Carboxyl group and hydroxyl
group reacted to produce fruity
smell. The bad smell comes
from the benzene ring.
Catechol Strong fruity smell and a bad smell Carboxyl group and hydroxyl
noted. group part reacted to produce
fruity smell. The bad smell
comes from the benzene ring.
Have stronger fruity smell due
to presence of 2 hydroxyl group
in a benzene ring.
Conclusion
Fruity smell comes from the reaction between carboxyl group with hydroxyl group of another
molecule. Esterification smells good yet bad at the same time because of the benzene ring that
produce the gasoline like smell.
Question and answer:

Give the chemical reaction equation:
Phenol: C6H5OH+CH3COOH--> CH3COOC6H5+H20
M-cresol: C6H4OHCH3+CH3COOH--> CH3COOC6H4CH3+H2O
Catechol: C6H4OHOH+2CH3COOH--> CH3COOC6H4CH3COO+ 2H2O
References
Benzene(2004, september 16) Retrieved from PubChem Open Chemistry Database:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/benzene#section=Top
phenol.
Objectives
Procedures
4. Iron(III)Chloride Test
Mixed 0.05g of phenol with a drop of iron(III) chloride solution. Changes in colour is observed then
after few seconds added yet another drop of iron(III) chloride solution. Repeated the test with
m-cresol and catechol.
Result & Discussion

Phenol No colour change observed. Shows the presence of phenol.
Purple colour observed on
second drop.
M-cresol No colour changes observed. Probably too much m-cresol

added in the test tube hence
high difference in proportion
with ferric chloride hence
resulted in negative result.
Catechol Black solution formed for both Shows the presence of phenol.
1st and 2nd drop of the
iron(III)chloride soluton.
Conclusion
Hydroxyl group can dissolve in acidic solution because of the presence of lone pair on oxygen which
are electrophile.

Phenol: C6H5OH+FeCl3--> C6H5OFeCl2+HCl
M-cresol: C6H4OHCH3+FeCl3--> C6H4OFeCl2CH3+HCL
Catechol:C6H4OHOH+2FeCl3-->C6H4OFeCl2OFeCl2+2HCl
References
Metacresol(2004, september 16) Retrieved from PubChem Open Chemistry Database:

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/m-cresol#section=Top
phenol.
Objectives
Procedures
5. Bromine Water
0.05g of phenol dissolved in 2.5mL of water. Bromine water was then added drop by drop in the
diluted phenol by about 5 drops.
Result & Discussion

Phenol White precipitate formed. Smell Shows the presence of phenol.
of antiseptic noted.
Bromine water decolourized. Bromine reacted with phenol.

M-cresol Smell of antiseptic noted. Shows the presence of phenol.
Catechol Smell of antiseptic noted. Shows the presence of phenol.
Conclusion
The antiseptic smell comes from the product of bromine reaction with phenol. Bromine water
decolourised as it is reacted with the phenol to form different compounds. White precipitate was
seen on the reaction of phenol with bromine due to the product is 2,4,6-tribromophenol.

Phenol: C6H5OH+3Br2-->C6H2Br3OH+3HBR
M-cresol: C6H4OHCH3+Br2-->C6H3BrOHCH3+HBR
Catechol:C6H4OHOH+Br2-->C6H3BrOHOH+HBr
References
phenol.

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Chemistry (BTC 611)

Name: Jeremy Jason Chin Chwan Chuong

Result & Discussion

Organic compound Observation inference

Result & Discussion

Organic compound Observation inference

In: Toluene: Slightly insoluble Phenol is partially soluble in

Organic compound Observation inference

Question and answer:

Result & Discussion

Organic compound Observation inference

M-cresol No colour changes observed. Probably too much m-cresol

Question and answer:

Metacresol(2004, september 16) Retrieved from PubChem Open Chemistry Database:

Result & Discussion

Organic compound Observation inference

Bromine water decolourized. Bromine reacted with phenol.

Bromine water decolourized. Bromine reacted with phenol.

Catechol Smell of antiseptic noted. Shows the presence of phenol.

Bromine water decolourized. Bromine reacted with phenol.

Question and answer:

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