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Separable verbs german list pdf

A characteristic feature of German is its ability to create verbs with new meanings through the addition of prefixes to nouns, adjectives, or other verbs. For example: aus + gehen = ausgehen - to go out ver + kaufen = verkaufen - to sell German has two categories of prefixes: inseparable prefixes and separable prefixes.
However, few prefixes exist that can be used in either catgory. Also, a verb could have more than one prefix, each giving a new verb with a different meaning than the others. Take the verb 'kommen' for example: Verb Definition kommen to come ankommen to arrive mitkommen to come along weiterkommen to get on
hereinkommen to come in herauskommen to come out nachkommen to come later zurückkommen to come back Inseparable Prefixes These prefixes are always attached to the front end of a verb and are never removed from it no matter the tense or form of the verb. When pronouncing a verb with an inseparable prefix,
the stress is always on the stem of the verb. The table below shows these prefixes, along with some examples: Prefix Verb Definition be- bekommen to get/receive besuchen to visit/attend emp- empfehlen to recommend empfinden to feel ent- entlassen to discharge/fire entscheiden to decide/determine er- erfinden to
invent/make-up erwarten to expect/anticipate ge- gehorchen to obey gestatten to permit/allow miss- missachtest to disobey/disregard misstrauen to mistrust/suspect ver- vergessen to forget verstehen to understand zer- zerstören to destroy zerkratzen to scratch The inseparable prefix remains attached to the verb when
its conjugated. Notice the position of the inseparable prefix in the following examples: Ich verstehe sehr gut Deutsch - I understant very good German Ich besuche meine Eltern jeden Tag - I visit my parents everyday Separable Prefixes Separable prefixes are adverbs and prepositions that are detached from the verb
when it is conjugated. It would be completely impractical to list all of those prefixes; as there are many. When pronouncing a verb with a separable prefix, the stress is always on the separable prefix. The table below shows the most common ones along with some examples: Prefix Verb Definition an- ankommen to arrive
anrufen to phone somebody auf- aufstehen to wake up aufhören to stop/cease aus- ausgehen to go out aussprechen to pronounce bei- beibringen to teach beitragen to add/contribute ein- einkaufen to go shopping einladen to invite fort- fortfahren to continue/proceed fortgehen to go away mit- mitgehen to go along
mitarbeiten to collaborate nach- nachahmen to imitate/copy nacharbeiten to rework/revise vor- vorstellen to present/introduce vorbereiten to prepare/set up weg- wegfahren to drive away weglaufen to run away zu- zuhören to listen zunehmen to increase/grow As already mentioned, when a verb with a separable prefix is
conjugated in the present tense, the separable prefix is detached from it. The prefix is moved to the end of its clause. Notice the position of the inseparable prefix in the following examples: Herr Bauer ruft seine Frau an - Mr Bauer is calling his wife Ich gehe mit meinen Freunden jeden Tag aus - I go out with my friends
everyday Sie kauft im Supermarkt ein - She is shopping in the supermarket Prefixes that can be Separable or Inseparable A few prefixes exist that can be either separable or inseparable, depending on the way the verb is pronounced. When the stress is on the prefix itself, the prefix is separable. But when the stress is
on the stem of the verb, it's a strong signal that the prefix is an inseparable one. A few examples are shown in the next table: Prefix Separable Verb Inseparable Verb durch- durchfallen durchdringen um- umsteigen umarmen wieder- wiedergeben wiederholen Of course, the verb conjugation depends on whether the
prefix is separable or inseparable, as shown in the next example: Wir steigen in Berlin um (umsteigen) - We change (busses) in Berlin Wir umarmen uns (umarmen) - We embrace ourselves That brings us to the end of this lesson. Make sure to solve the exercises associated with this lesson before proceeding to the next
ones. Verbs:Präsens - Trennbare Verben One facet of verbs is that they can be preceded by prefixes, small units of language that somehow modify or enhance the meaning of basic verbs. Although there are some patterns as to how these prefixes affect the verbs' meaning, for the most part you just need to learn the
individual verbs. Your browser does not support the audio element. Die sieben Zwerge sehen im Wohnzimmer fern. The seven dwarves are watching TV in the living room. Chef spielt ihnen Disneys 'Snow White' vor. Doc is playing them Disney's Snow White. Er lädt natürlich auch Schneewittchen ein. He invites Snow
White as well, of course. Sie bringt frische Kekse und Kräutertee mit. She brings fresh cookies and herbal tea (to the party). Als Schneewittchen im Film in den Apfel beißt, fängt Brummbär an, laut zu weinen, und läuft schnell weg ... Er kann diese Szene gar nicht ausstehen! As Snow White bites into the apple in the film,
Grumpy starts to cry loudly and runs away ... He can't stand this scene! Schneewittchen läuft ihm nach, und sie gehen lieber in den schönen Wäldern im Harzgebirge spazieren. Snow White runs after him, and they go for a walk in the beautiful forests in the Harz mountains instead. I. Prepositions as separable prefixes
Most prepositions can be made into separable prefixes, and most separable prefixes are originally prepositions. These prefixes change the new verb's meaning in a way that is often related to the original meaning of the preposition. Here are some examples for the most common separable prefixes: Your browser does
not support the audio element. preposition/prefix(general meaning) example english AB- (away) abfahrenabsagen departcancel AN- (towards) ankommenanfangen arrivebegin AUF- (up, on) aufstehenaufhören wake upstop AUS- (out, also suggests completion) aussteigenausstehen get out (of a bus)stand somebody
EIN- (in) einsteigeneinladen get in (a bus, train)invite LOS- (indicates beginning something) losgehenlosbrechen get startedbreak loose/escape (break out) MIT- (with, along) mitbringenmitkommen bring alongcome with, come along NACH- (after, follow) nachholennachlaufen make up (work, homework)run after someone
(literally) VOR- (before, ahead, forward) vorlesenvorspielen read out loudplay (e.g., a film) WEG- (away) wegwerfenweglaufen throw awayrun away II. Other common separable prefix verbs Your browser does not support the audio element. fernsehen - watch TV spazierengehen - go for a walk Rad fahren - ride a bicycle
schwarzarbeiten - work illegally teilnehmen - participate schwarzfahren - ride (e.g., a train) without a ticket kennenlernen - get to know achtgeben - pay attention III. Word order and separable prefixes A. Declarative sentences The separable prefixes affect word order in basic sentences; they also have slightly different
participle forms. The typical word order in basic German (declarative) sentences is SUBJECT-VERB-VERBAL COMPLEMENTS. While this order stays the same for the most part, the separable prefix of the separable prefix verb goes to the very end of the declarative sentence. parts of the sentence subject verb other
items that complete the verb (e.g., direct object) separable prefix declarative sentence Chef spielt Tennis. declarative sentence with a separable prefix verb Chef spielt den Film vor. B. Questions Separable prefix verbs affect the word order in questions as well: parts of the sentence subject/question word verb verbal
complements/subject separable prefix declarative sentence Chef spielt den Film vor. Who? Wer spielt den Film vor? What? Was spielt Chef vor? C. With modal verbs Modal verbs affect the word order of sentences with separable prefix verbs, too: parts of the sentence subject primary verb verbal complements/subject
separable prefix/infinitive declarative sentence Chef spielt den Film vor. modal verb: wollen Chef will den Film vorspielen. question with modal verb Was will Chef vorspielen? D. With subordinating conjunctions Finally, separable prefix verbs move around when different phrases are connected by subordinating
conjunctions (and also by relative pronouns). subordinating conjunction subject/question word verb verbal complements/subject separable prefix Chef spielt den Film vor. Chef lädt Schneewittchen ein. Bevor (before) Chef -- den Film vorspielt, lädt er Schneewittchen ein. Nachdem (after) Chef -- Schneewittchen einlädt,
spielt er den Film vor. Your browser does not support the audio element. Brummbär Ich möchte diesen Film wegwerfen!!! Ich will ihn nie wieder anschauen! I would like to throw away this film!!! I never want to watch it again! Schneewittchen Nachdem du die DVD wegwirfst, lesen wir dein neues Drehbuch für diese
Geschichte! After you throw away the DVD, let's read your new screen play for this story! Brummbär Ahm ... Es ist noch nicht fertig. Und weiterhin ist es ein bisschen kitschig ... Ahm ... Die Hexe kann dich natürlich nicht umbringen, und ich bin der Held, und obwohl du den Prinzen kennenlernst, heiratest du mich ...
Hmmm ... Ahem ... It's not finished yet. And furthermore, it's also a bit kitschy... Ahem ... The witch of course can't kill you, and I am the hero, and although you meet the prince, you marry me ... Hmmm ... Schneewittchen Mein lieber Brummbär, du bist echt süß! Aber du solltest deine Karriere nicht aufgeben! My dear
Grumpy, you are really sweet! But you should not give up your (day)job! Below are some of the most commonly used separable prefix verbs with English equivalents. The first column offers some general meanings associated with the prefixes, but these are only tendencies, not set rules. preposition/prefix (general
meaning) example english AB- (away) abbrennenabgebenabkürzenabnehmenabschließenabtreiben burn downturn in (homework), hand over (ticket)shortenlose weightfinish, completeabort AN- (towards) anerkennenandeutenangebenanklagenankleidenanschauenanstellenanweisenanwenden recognizehint at,
suggestbrag, show offaccusedresswatchhire, employinstructuse AUF- (up, on) aufatmenaufbleibenaufführenaufklärenauflockernaufnehmenaufräumenaufschlagenaufwachsen breathe a sigh of reliefstay up (person), stay open (store)perform (e.g., theater play)inform, enlighten, clear upliven up (a party, person)take a
picture of (incl. video images)tidy/clean up (e.g., room)open (eyes, book)grow up AUS- (out, also suggests completion) ausbildenausbrechenausdruckenausdrückenausflippenausgebenausgehenauslachenausmachenausnutzenausschließenaussprechenaussterbenaustauschen educate, trainbreak outprint (e.g., text,
picture)expressfreak out (flip out)publish, hand outgo out, datelaugh at (someone)turn off (light), put out (fire)take advantage of (person, opportunity)lock out, excludepronouncedie out, go extinctexchange EIN- (in) einbrecheneinfallen (es ist mir eingefallen)einführeneinkaufeneinleben
(sich)einnehmeneinrichteneinschätzeneinschlafeneinschüchterneinwerfeneinziehen break in (horse, into house)occur (to someone), come to mindintroduce (a topic)go shopping, buyget used toearn, make moneyfurnish (apartment), arrange (furniture)judge, guess (e.g., at size, value)fall asleepintimidate, bullythrow in
(e.g., remark, towel)move in (e.g., into a new apartment) LOS- (beginning something) losfahrenloswerden get going, leaveget rid of, spend, lose MIT- (with, along) mitbekommenmitfahrenmitfühlenmitmachenmitnehmenmitspielenmitteilen get out (of a lecture), understandride alongsympathizeparticipate, do something
w/someonetake alongplay along (in a sport)inform, share knowledge NACH- (after, follow) nachahmennachdenken (ich möchte darüber ~)nacherzählennachfolgennachgebennachprüfennachschlagennachtunnachzählen imitatethink about (I'd like to think about that)retell, relate (a story)follow, succeed (e.g., a king)give in
(e.g., to pressure)double check (e.g., essay, homework)look up (e.g., a word in a dictionary)follow somebody's examplere-count (double check numbers) VOR- (before, ahead, forward) vorbereitenvorbestellenvorhabenvorkommenvornehmenvorstellenvortragen prepareorder in advance (e.g., books)plan, have in
mindcome up, happencarry out a taskintroduce, imagineperform (play), give lecture/opinion WEG- (away) wegbleibenwegbringenweggehenwegnehmenwegräumenwegtretenwegziehen stay awaytake/bring awaygo awaytake awayclear away (e.g., mess)step awaypull away

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